“Tsunami preparedness, lessons learned from recent events”

David Hisdal

Vice President Asia Pacific & Australia

18 October, 2011

10th Annual AsianGeospatial Forum Jakarta , Indonesia

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Pacific Ring of Fire – Risk Zone

Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions and Tsunami’s are a permanent and pervasive part of life in SE Asia

Many small events have happened over the decades but seldom have we seen the frequency and magnitude of recent years events.

We must use the memory of recent events and use this momentum and political will to create meaningful changes to how we prepare

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Major Earthquakes 8+

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Japan Tsunami – lessons learned

On December 26th, 2004 a major tsunami hit south western Sumatra spreading waves and damage across the Indian Ocean. Over 250,000 people died. Many in locations far from the epicenter that had many hoursof warning of potential disaster.

On March 11, 2011 a tsunami of similar size and magnitude took place of the south coast of Japan. While this event produced even larger waves, it resulted is a loss of life of less than 25,000 people.

Of significant note between the 2 event was the level of preparedness globally. Much of the reduction in loss of life can directly be attributed to preparedness.

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December 26th 2004

Andaman Sumatra Magnitude 9.3Triggered a Massive Tsunami (20+ M)

Experts fear a second major rupture is possible north of the last event. This could push a massive wall of water down the Straight of Malacca.

© 2008 Intermap Technologies. All rights reserved.6

Information required for Tsunami PlanningInformation required for Tsunami Planning

Predict Inundation levels

Estimate Damage to

Critical Infrastructure

Define Safe Areas

Base Land Elevations: Need high quality Base Land Elevations: Need high quality elevation model that shows sufficient surface elevation model that shows sufficient surface detail detail

Wave Propagation: need coastal onshore and Wave Propagation: need coastal onshore and offshore data as near shore information is offshore data as near shore information is

critical to wave propgation critical to wave propgation

-Tsunami inundation extent-Tsunami inundation extent

-Tsunami Damage-Tsunami Damage

Safety Areas and high risk areasSafety Areas and high risk areas

Shelter locations: Need to be accessible Shelter locations: Need to be accessible within warning criteriawithin warning criteria

Tsunami Modeling

津波遡上解析に係わるレーザー測量のご紹介

（技術提案の概要説明）

Tsunami Inundation Extent Modeling

© 2008 Intermap Technologies. All rights reserved.9

3D models show flood effects as water rises　

3D models show flood effects as water rises　

Inundation Modeling and SimulationInundation Modeling and Simulation

津波遡上解析に係わるレーザー測量のご紹介

（技術提案の概要説明）

Define Safety and Shelter Environments

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Stream velocity varies based on near shore hydrographic variations

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Maximum wave height modeling

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Tsunami Simulation

Plate shift tsunami – Wave activity for 45-120 minutes

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Country Level Tsunami Simulation

Country level simulation required :1. sea-bottom topography (Seabed DSM) ETOPO2 (2 minute mesh)2. coastal elevation data 3. Tsunami modeling system

Step 1: Input the data sets to cover a large area including hypocenter. Step 2: Using a Country level Fault model Step 3: Tsunami simulation is created and compared with historical Tsunami data. The model is then customized based on local conditions to improve accuracy.

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City Level Tsunami Simulation

City level Tsunami Simulation – Precise modeling at a large scale. A Sea-bottom at 12.5 M mesh size A DSM of the coastal area in 5m mesh size is used to generate this model. The speed and heights of tsunami depend on bottom depth and topography to depth of 100 metersHigh definition bottom mesh is needed for accurate wave action simulation. 10 Kilometer sections of coastline are used for this analysis. A model and animation is created. 

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3D Seabat Imagery

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Tsunami Simulation

Tsunami wave simulation near coast of Kobi Japan

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Analysis using NEXTMap

data produces better results

along the channel…

Analysis using NEXTMap

data produces better results

along the channel…

…and more accurately

estimates the extent of the

flooding along the coast

…and more accurately

estimates the extent of the

flooding along the coast

NED 10m

NEXTMap 5m

Coastal risk assessment

19 © 2008 Intermap Technologies. All rights reserved.

Damage Prediction Results:(Cat. 5)

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Lessons Learned

Tsunami ‘s are devastating and unpredictable , however, significant loss of life can be prevented with careful planning and through construction of evacuation routes, shelter areas and early warning! Sometimes the warning will be the earthquake, however, in cases where the even occurred offshore a warning system is essential.Local residents in areas that can/will be affected in an event need to rehearse action to be takenGovernments need to invest in creation of models, construction of a plan and in the maintenance and implementation at a local level. Preparedness saves lives.

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Seamless terrain data over large geographic regions selected by the Australia Indonesia Centre for Disaster Reduction as the ideal terrain model for coastal tsunami modeling Digital terrain models (DTM) and digital surface models (DSM)High Resolution Radar images (ORI)Hydro-enforced – ideal for water related modeling

Reflective-surface Digital Surface ModelReflective-surface Digital Surface Model

Bare-earth Digital Terrain ModelBare-earth Digital Terrain Model

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Jakarta tsunami simulation 5 M wave

Ambiental_Jakarta_MapAsia_Movie_1.1.wmv

For more information on applications please contactdhisdal@intermap.com

Thank You