TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT Improving Agricultural PM 10 Emission Estimates in California Dale Shimp...

TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT

Improving Agricultural PM10

Emission Estimates in California

Dale ShimpCalifornia Air Resources Board

December 1, 1997

[email protected]


Emission Inventory Comprehensive Estimates of

Emissions from Air Pollution Sources

Point, Area, and Mobile Sources

Based on Typical Local Conditions

ARB & District Cooperative Effort

Continual Improvements


Estimation of Emissions

Emission Factor (EF)– Emissions per unit of activity (i.e., lbs/PM10

per acre tilled)

Activity Data (Process Rate, PR)– Vehicle Miles Traveled, Acre-Passes

Emissions– Emissions = EF x PR


Particulate Matter Is... Sand and Soil

– Geologic material, dust, dirt

Soot– Combustion products, wood smoke, diesel exhaust

Secondary Particles– Formed via reactions in atmosphere of gaseous

pollutants


Particulate Categories TSP - Total Suspended Particulate

– PM30: particles 30 microns of less in size; mainly composed of geologic material

PM10 - particles 10 microns or less– Can be dominated by geologic dust particles or

secondary particles

PM2.5 - particles 2.5 microns or less– Typically combustion products & secondary PM


PM10 Emission Sources for SJV

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

PM

10 (

ton

s/d

ay)

HarvestingAgricultural Tilling

Fugitive WindblownUnpaved Road Dust

ConstructionPaved Road Dust

Mobile SourcesOther

21

78

55

120

19

54

15

67.4

Major Annual SJV PM-10 Sources

Updated 1993 Emissions


Agricultural PM10 Sourcesof Interest

Field/Orchard Operations

Wind Blown Dust

Farm Equipment Exhaust

Livestock Waste


Current Agricultural Emissions Inventory

Land Preparation for All Crops

Almond/Walnut Harvesting

Cotton Harvesting

Agricultural Lands Windblown Dust

Farm Equipment Exhaust

Cattle Feedlot Dust


Land Preparation

Acreage Data from California Department of Food and Agriculture

Cultivational Practices from Farmers

Emission Factors from AP-42 (U.S. EPA)

NRCS Soil Silt Data


Harvesting

Acreage Data from California Department of Food and Agriculture

Cultivational Practices from Farmers

Emission Factors from UC Davis


Wind Blown Dust Land Use Data from Department of Water

Resources

Soils Data from Natural Resources Conservation Service

Incorporated Crop Canopy and Irrigation Effects

ARB Estimation Methodology Adapted from USDA Soil Erosion Equation


Agricultural PM10 and the Overall PM10 Inventory

Annual Emissions Deceptive

Farm Operations High in the Fall

Windblown Dust High in the Spring


Monthly SJV PM10

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

PM

10 E

mis

sio

ns (

tons/d

ay)

JAN APR JUL NOV

Unpaved Road Dust

Fugitive Windblown

Farming Operations

Other Sources

San Joaquin Valley PM10 EmissionsMonthly 1993 Emission Estimates

Source Categories


Planned Inventory Improvements

Crop and Equipment Specific Emission Factors

Additional Harvest Emissions

Livestock Emissions (Ammonia & Dust)

Further Use of GIS Based Estimates


PM10 Emission Changes

TSD-phg/5-27-97

0

100

200

300

400

PM

10

(to

ns

/da

y)


Fugitive Windblown

0

140

410

21

7969

Old Emissions Updated 1993 Emissions

Agricultural SJV PM-10 SourcesComparison of Old and Updated 1993 Emissions


Crop Calendar for CottonFractionPassesCrop

Passes During MonthAcreagePer CropCyclesFarming OperationsDecNovOctSepAugJulJunMayAprMarFebJanPer Cycle(3)Cycle(2)Per Year(1)

Land Preparation1.041 Land Preparation1.021 Seed Bed Preparation

Planting1.011

Growing Season1.031Operation

Harvesting1.011

Postharvest1.011 Shredding


Seasonal Activity Profile

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Fra

ctio

n o

f O

pe

ra

tio

ns P

erfo

rm

ed

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Seasonal Activity ProfileLand Preparation - Fresno County


Agricultural PM10 Meetings

Work with Farm Industry Representatives

Identify Crops to be Updated

Meet With Growers of Identified Crops

Complete Crop Calendars for All Major SJV Crops


PM10 Emissions Sources for SJV

Fuel Combustion (4%)Industrial & Other (3%)

Waste Burning (6%)

Farming Operations (26%)

Construction (4%)

Mobile Sources (3%)

Fugitive Windblown (13%)

Unpaved Road Dust (28%)

Paved Road Dust (13%)

Updated 1995 SJV PM-101995 Primary PM10 Sources)

1995 Inventory/ARB/3-28-97 430 tpd total PM10

Graph does not includesecondary particulateemissions

(Approx. 50% Agriculture Related)

(91% Agriculture Related)


PM10 Emission Changes

0

100

200

300

400

PM

10

(to

ns

/da

y)


Fugitive WindblownUnpaved Road Dust

ConstructionPaved Road Dust

Mobile SourcesOther

0

140

410

170

62

230

33

61

21

79

69

110

18

53

25

71

Old Emissions Updated 1993 Emissions

Major SJV PM-10 SourcesComparison of Old and Updated 1993 Emissions

Approximately 60%Decrease Overall

1106 tpd PM10 430 tpd PM10TSD-phg/5-27-97

TSD-phg/12-1-97/AGAIRQU.PPT Improving Agricultural PM 10 Emission Estimates in California Dale Shimp...

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