Trypanosoma brucei – Flagellate
Transcript of Trypanosoma brucei – Flagellate
BY2012 Microbiology Gallery of Trypanosomatid Flagellates
Trypanosoma brucei
Colourised scanning electron micrograph of Trypanosoma brucei surrounded by red blood cells in a smear of infected blood
Trypanosoma brucei Life Cycle
Tsetse Fly Vector – Glossina species
Tsetse Fly - Africa
Trypanosoma brucei – FlagellateUndulating membrane
Microtubules of pellicle
Free Flagellum
Attached flagellum
Fold in pellicle
Golgi
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Basal body
Mitochondrion
Kinetoplast
The Cause of Sleeping Sickness
Trypanosoma brucei - Flagellate
Trypanosoma brucei Polymorphic Bloodstream Forms
Trypanosoma brucei Polymorphic Bloodstream Forms
LTF
SF
LTF
SF
IF
IF
LGF = Long thin form; SF = Stumpy form; IF = Intermediate form
SF
Trypanosoma brucei
Nucleus
Kinetoplast
Free flagellum
Undulating membrane
Attached flagellum
Mitochondrion
Trypanosoma brucei
Blood film Phase contrast micrograph
10 µm10 µm
NucleusKinetoplast
Free flagellum
Undulating membrane
Trypanosoma brucei
kinetoplast
mitochondrion
Trypanosoma brucei
A = Nucleus; B = Kinetoplast; C = Undulating membrane; D = Free flagellum
Trypanosoma brucei
Stained with immunofluorescent antibodies (green) and DAPI (blue) to reveal DNA
Nucleus
KinetoplastUndulating membrane
Free flagellum
Trypanosoma brucei
Flagella (red) stained with rhodamine-labelled immunofluorescent antibodies, nuclei and kinetoplasts (blue) stained with DAPI and basal bodies
(green) stained with fluorescein-labelled immunfluorescent antibodies
Trypanosoma cruzi
Colourised scanning electron micrograph of Trypanosoma cruzi surrounded by red blood cells in a smear of infected blood
Geographic Distribution of Chagas Disease [American Trypanosomiasis]
Trypanosoma cruzi
Triatomine Bug – Blood-Sucking Assassin or Kissing Bug [Vector]
When Triatoma bugs bite and ingest blood, they defaecate on the person. Triatomine bugs pass T. cruzi in their faeces which are left near the site of the bite wound. Scratching the site of the bite causes the trypanosomes to enter the host through the wound. The trypanosomes replicate is tissue and are then released into the bloodstream. When a triatome bug takes a blood meal, the trypanosomes are ingested, and a new cycle of replication occurs in the triatome bug.
Trypanosoma cruzi
Nucleus
Kinetoplast
Undulating membrane
Free flagellum
Trypanosoma cruzi - Flagellate
Nucleus
Kinetoplast
Flagellum
Trypanosoma cruzi - Flagellate
Trypanosoma cruzi in blood film
Kinetoplast
Nucleus
Free flagellum
Undulating membrane
Trypanosoma cruzi - Flagellate
Scanning electron micrographs of T. cruzi
Undulating membrane
Leishmania donovani
Colourised scanning electron micrograph of Leishmania donovani
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania donovani - Sandfly
[Phlebotomus papatasi]
Biting, blood-sucking dipterans encountered in sandy areas
Leishmania donovani
Leishmania donovani Promastigotes
Leishmania donovani promastigotes are a life-cycle stage of trypanosomatid flagellates that develop in the sandfly gut and are transmitted to man by bites
Nucleus
Kinetoplast
Flagellum
Trypanosomatid Flagellates in Animals
Trypanosoma rotatorium
T. rotatorium lives in the blood of frogs (Rana). It is non-pathogenic. Note nucleated frog red blood cells
Flagellum
Undulating membrane
Trypanosoma carassii
T. carassii is a widespread parasite of carp and other freshwater fish. It lives extracellularly in the blood and tissues of its hosts. Note nucleated fish red blood cells.
Trypanosoma equiperdum
Dourine is a chronic trypanosomal disease of equids caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum. The disease is transmitted almost exclusively by coitus and is characterized by swelling of the genitalia, nervous system involvement, and progressive emaciation.
Cryptobia salmositica
Nucleus
Kinetoplast Flagellum
Flagellum
Cryptobia differ from Trypanosoma in having two flagella, one at each end of the cell. Cryptobia salmositica is found in carp, goldfish and tench. Fish infected with Cryptobia are listless and swim abnormally. They become emaciated, with sucken eyes and pale gills (indicating a lack of red blood cells). Severely affected fishes die.
Crithidia bombi
Crithidia exclusively infect arthropods, mainly insects. They pass from host to host as cysts in faeces. Typically the parasites develop in the digestive tracts of insects and interact with the intestinal epithelium using their flagellum. Crithidia has a mastigotic life cycle. Crithidia bombi is a parasite of bumblebees. C. bombi infection may cause Colony Collapse Disorder and prevent colony founding by bumble bees.
Cysts