Trump Administration Begins to Recognize the Loss of ...nuclearplanet.com/plos1.pdf · Advances in...

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AdvancesinSocialSciencesResearchJournal–Vol.7,No.5PublicationDate:May25,2020DOI:10.14738/assrj.75.8249.Herndon, J. M. (2020).Trump Administration Begins to Recognize the Loss of Scientific Integrity: Refuting a Political Hit job. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(5) 283-303.

TrumpAdministrationBeginstoRecognizetheLossofScientificIntegrity:RefutingaPoliticalHitjob

J.MarvinHerndon,Ph.D.TransdyneCorporation,SanDiego,California,USA;

ABSTRACT

ArecentPLOSONEarticleutilizedtabulationsofopinionsobtainedfromfederalscientiststoassert“perceivedlossesofscientificintegrityunderthe Trump Administration.” The articlepresupposes thewide-spreadexistenceofscientificintegrityamongfederalscientists,whichIrefutebased upon documented 40+ years’ experience making fundamentalscientificdiscoverieswhichthescientificestablishmentsystematicallyignoresandininstanceshasattemptedtosuppress.Thesediscoveriesinclude, but are not limited to: Earth’s nickel-silicide inner-corecomposition,thephysicalimpossibilityofbothmantleconvectionandEarth-core convection; recognition that Earth’s early formation as aJupiter-likegasgiantmakesitpossibletoderivevirtuallyallgeologicalandgeodynamicbehaviorofourplanet,includingoriginofcontinentsandoceans,oceanfloortopography,originofmountainscharacterizedbyfolding,primaryinitiationoffjordsandsubmarinecanyons,andtwopreviouslyunanticipatedpotentiallyvariableenergysources-nuclearfission and stored energy of protoplanetary compression; nuclear-fission-reactor origin of planetary magnetic fields, including thegeomagneticfield;thermonuclearignitionofstarsandthereasonwhythemultitudeofgalaxiesdisplayjustafewpatternsofluminousstars;and,particulatepollution,notgreenhousegases,as themaincauseoflocalandglobalwarming.Ascientificcommunity,apparentlysufferingfromIntegrityDeficitSyndrome,cannotbeexpectedtoprovideatruthfulassessment, especiallywhenqueriedabout theactionsofapresidentwhomightchangethesciencelandscapeunderwhichtheyflourish.Keywords:Blacklisting; Science suppression; Science integrity loss; arXiv;Scienceimprovement.

INTRODUCTION

ArecentarticleinPLOSONE[1]entitled“PerceivedLossesofScientificIntegrityundertheTrumpAdministration:ASurveyofFederal Scientists”presentsaone-sidedandpejorativeviewof theTrump Administration. The article presupposes thewide-spread existence of scientific integrityamong federal scientists. There exists a close; some might say insidious, relationship betweengovernmentscientistsandgovernment-fundedacademicscientists.Ichallengethesuppositionofscientificintegrityamongbothgovernmentandacademicscientists,inthephysicalsciencesatleast,and thereby refute the conclusions presented by Goldman et al. [1]. Some of my experiencespublishingworld-classscientificdiscoveriesinthephysicalsciences[2],documentedoveraperiod

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Herndon, J. M. (2020).Trump Administration Begins to Recognize the Loss of Scientific Integrity: Refuting a Political Hit job. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(5) 283-303.

ofmorethanfourdecades,callintoquestiontheentireconceptofscientificintegritywithrespectto both government scientists and government-funded academic scientists in that domain.Consequently, theiropinions,collectedbyGoldmanetal. [1],arean invalidbasis to legitimatelyassert“PerceivedLossesofScientificIntegrityundertheTrumpAdministration.”ThePLOSONE[1]articlemightbeconsideredbysomeasapoliticalhitjob.Thecriterionfortruthisdifferentforsciencethanforotherhumanendeavorssuchaspoliticswhichembracesconsensusconformity.Inscience,whenanewideaispublished,itshouldbediscussedanddebated.Iftheideaorobservationisfoundtobeinerror,itshouldberefuted,ideallyinthejournaloforiginalpublication;otherwise,itshouldbecitedinsubsequentliteratureonthesubject[3]. In the following, I documentwide-spread, institutional failureof scientists tomaintain thatcriterionfortruthinthephysicalsciences,which,Iallege,constitutesfailuretomaintainscientificintegrity.Prior to World War II there was essentially no government support for civilian science. Thatchangedin1950withtheestablishmentoftheU.S.NationalScienceFoundation(NSF).Fromtheoutset,thatorganization,bythescience-fundingprinciplesitestablished,whichwereadoptedbysubsequentagencies,wasresponsibleforslowlytrivializingcivilianscienceanderodingscientificintegrity[4].TheNSF-originatedideathatscience-fundingproposalsshouldbereviewedanonymouslybytheproposers’competitorswasmostegregiousofthescience-fundingprinciples[4].Itdoesnottakearocket scientist to figure out that, if you criticize another’s science, there may be anonymousretributionviaproposalreviews.Nearlyseventyyears’applicationofthatflawedmethodologyhasperverted scientific integrity over a broad spectrumof the physical sciences. One result is thatgovernment-fundedscientists,drivenbycareer-fear,generallyacceptwithoutquestionconsensus-approvedfundamentalconcepts,andfailtocitecontradictionsthereto.Fundamental scientific concepts by definition underpin and provide the bases upon whichsubsequentscientificdevelopmentsarebuilt.Therealizationthatnaturecanbebetterdescribeddifferentlyandmoreprecisely thanbyextant fundamentalscientificconcepts leadstoparadigmshifts[5],atleastifthereisscientificintegrity.Ifsomeonepublishesinthescientificliteratureanimportant contradictiontoa fundamental concept, thenas statedabove, it shouldbe refutedorotherwise subsequently cited; if ignored, that is indicative of a scientific community devoid ofintegrity.Inthefollowing,Idescribevariousfundamentallynewscientificconceptsthatwereneitherrefutednor cited, and which in a few instances there were blatant attempts made at suppression.Collectively, these documented occurrences call into question the integrity of broad-swaths ofscientists,institutions,andgovernmentagenciesthroughoutthephysicalsciences.Consequently,IsuggestthattheabovecitedPLOSONE[1]articleperhapsinsteadshouldhavebeenentitled“TrumpAdministrationBeginstoRecognizeLossofScientificIntegrity.”

Vol.7,Issue5,Apr-2020AdvancesinSocialSciencesResearchJournal(ASSRJ)

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SYSTEMATICALLYIGNOREDFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS:EARTH’SINTERNALCOMPOSITION

Earth’sInnerCoreCompositionIn 1936, Inge Lehmann [6] discovered, i.e. reasoned the existence of, the inner core to explainearthquakewavesreflectedintothe“shadowzone.”In1940,Birch[7]reasonedfromextantdatathat the innercoremustbepartially-crystalized ironmetal. In1979, Ipublishedacontradictoryinnercorecompositionofnickelsilicide[8]andreceivedahighly-complementaryletterfromIngeLehmann(Figure1).

Figure1.CongratulatoryletterfromIngeLehmann,discovereroftheEarth’sinnercore.



Aftermyinner-corearticle’spublicationin1979,therewasnodiscussionanddebate.Moreover,myNASA grant, which the paper acknowledged, was not renewed without good reason. I was‘excommunicated’ and over the following decades there were numerous citations of the 1940partially-crystalizedinnercoreidea[7,9],withoutrefutingorcitingmynickelsilicideinnercoreconcept[10-13].Endo-EarthCompositionOrdinarychondritemeteorites,superficiallyresemblingEarth,havelongfiguredintoideasofitscomposition. Beginning in 1980, I related the seismically-determined parts of the Earth tocorrespondingpartsofprimitiveoxygen-poorenstatitechondrites,asshowninTable1,therebyprovidingcompellingevidencethattheinner82%ofEarthresemblesanenstatitechondrite[14-19].Table1.From[19].Fundamentalmassratiocomparisonbetweentheendo-Earth(lowermantlepluscore)andtheAbeeenstatitechondrite.Aboveadepthof660km,seismicdataindicatelayerssuggestiveofveneer,possiblyformedbythelateadditionofmoreoxidizedchondriteandcometary

matter,whosecompositionscannotbespecifiedwithcertaintyatthistime.FUNDAMENTALEARTHMASSRATIO EARTHRATIOVALUE ABEERATIOVALUE

LowerMantletoTotalCore 1.49 1.43

InnerCoretoTotalCore 0.052Theoretical0.052ifNi3Si0.057ifNi2Si

InnerCoretoLowerMantleplusTotalCore 0.021 0.21

DʹʹtoTotalCore 0.09 0.11*

ULVZ**ofDʹʹCaStoTotalCore 0.012**** 0.012*

Notes:*=avg.ofAbee,Indarch,andAdhi-KotenstatitechondritesDʹʹisthe“seismicallyrough”regionbetweenthefluidcoreandlowermantle

**ULVZisthe“UltraLowVelocityZone”ofDʹʹ***calculatedassumingaveragethicknessof200km****calculatedassumingaveragethicknessof28km

datafrom[20-22]

Onemajor consequence of the oxygen-poor composition of the endo-Earth is that a portion ofoxygen-lovingelementsbecame incorporated in the coreduringEarth formation.These includesilicon,magnesium,calciumand,notably,uranium.Siliconcombinedwithnickeltoformthenickel-silicideinnercore,calciumandmagnesiumcombinedwithsulfurandfloatedtothetopofthecore,anduraniumendedupattheverycenterofEarth[14-19].Oxygen-poorPrimitiveMatterThemattercomprisingtheenstatitechondritesformedunderoxygen-starvingconditions,whichhad been amystery until I discovered primordial condensation at high temperatures and highpressureswith prompt isolationof the condensatewould naturally lead to thatoxygen-starvedcomposition[23].Thefundamentalmassratioidentities,showninTable1,demonstratethatthematteroftheendo-Earthformedsimilarly[23-25].


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SYSTEMATICALLYIGNOREDFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS:EARTH’SPROTOPLANETARYFORMATION

Inthelate1960sandearly1970s,low-pressurenebulacomputationalmodelsweremadetoexplainmineralscharacteristicofordinarychondrites,(wrongly)thoughttobethesubstanceofplanets,ascondensatesfromagasphaseofsolarcompositionatlowpressuresandlowtemperatures[26-28].In1978, for that system Idemonstrated that equilibriumcouldbeattainedonlyat a single lowtemperature,ifatall,andtheresultwouldbehighlyoxidizedcondensatemoreresemblingprimitivecarbonaceouschondrites[29].Myworkwasneitherrefutednorcitedfordecadesaslow-pressureequilibriumcondensationmodelscontinuedtobemade[30-32].Moreover,failuretocitemywork[23-25]preventedNASAMessengerMissionplanetaryscientistsfromunderstandinganunusual,butimportantfeatureobservedonthesurfaceofplanetMercury(Figure2).

Figure2.ProjectMercuryphotoshowingpits,surroundedbyshinymaterial,observedonMercury’ssurfacecausedbyexhaledgas.



NASAscientistsclaimedtheplanetaryformationmodelstheyconsideredcouldneitheraccountforthequantityofgas-releasenecessaryto formthepitsnorcouldexplaintheshinymaterial [33].NASA scientists and NASA-funded scientists, however, have a major integrity deficit: Theysystematicallyrefusetocitemyrelevantdiscoveries,asIdescribewithnumerousexamplesinmybook,NASA:PoliticsaboveScience[34].TheironcomprisingMercury’scorecondensedasaliquidathightemperaturesandpressuresanddissolved copious amounts of hydrogen. AsMercury’s core solidified, it expelled the hydrogen,whichproducedthepitsandreducedironsulfidetothemetal,producingtheshinymaterial[35].This logical, causally-related explanation stemmed from my understanding of the relationshipbetween enstatite chondrite matter and that of the endo-Earth, and the origin of the oxygen-starvationprocess[23-25,36].

SYSTEMATICALLYIGNOREDFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS:EARTH’SNUCLEARFISSIONGEOREACTOR

Applying Fermi’s nuclear reactor theory [37], in 1993, I first published the concept anddemonstratedthefeasibilityfortheexistenceofaself-sustaining,natural,nuclearfissionreactoratEarth’scenter[16,38-40],schematicallyillustratedinFigure3.Thisconceptwasgreatlyextendedby sophisticatednuclear reactornumericalsimulationsmadeatOakRidgeNationalLaboratory,which provided compelling evidence of georeactor existence [41, 42] vis-á-vis helium fissionproductswhichsolvedoneofthegreatunknownproblemsingeophysics.

Figure3.SchematicrepresentationofEarth’snucleargeoreactor.Thenuclearsub-coreissurroundedbythenuclear-wastesub-shell.Formoreinformationsee[19].

Helium-3 observed in volcanic rockswas amystery because no processwas known that couldaccount for itsproduction, so itwas thought tobeaprimordial componentofEarthor tohave


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arrivedoncosmicdustandthenwas‘subducted.’TheOakRidgecalculationsnotonlysolvedthatproblem,butrevealedmajorintegrity-corruptionattheNationalAcademyofSciences[43]asfourmembersunwarrantedlyattemptedtosuppressitspublication,butfailedintheirefforts[41].Therewasnokudos forsolvingthedeep-Earthheliumproblem,geophysicists justmovedontoother endeavors, but now a new generation has begun the same trapped primordial heliumnonsense[44].Doesnoonereadtheliterature?Understandingextantrelevantscientificliteratureispartofscientificintegrity.Now,literaturesearchesareeasywithcomputers.WhenIstartedinscienceIwouldspenddaysinthelibrarysearchingprint-journalswithoutbenefitofcomputers.

SYSTEMATICALLYIGNOREDFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS:NUCLEARGENERATEDPLANETARYMAGNETICFIELDS

Inaseriesofpapersbeginningin1939,Elsasserproposedthatthegeomagneticfieldisgeneratedbyaconvection-drivenmechanisminEarth’sfluidcore[45-47].Convectionisafamiliarprocess:Heatapanofwateronthestovetop,addafewtealeavesorceleryseedstorevealwatermotion,andobservethebottomtotop,toptobottommotionbeforeitboils.Thisisconvection.In a submission to Physical Review Letters in 2009, I described why convection is physicallyimpossibleintheEarth’sfluidcore[48],butthatpaperwassuppressed,rejectedfornogoodreasonincludingbyoneortwomembersoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Subsequently,Ipublishedthe idea that thegeomagnetic fieldand (moregenerally)magnetic fields inplanetsand in largemoons are generated by planetocentric nuclear fission reactors [18, 19, 36, 49, 50]. Withoutattemptingtorefutemywork,geoscientistsstillmakemodelsofphysically-impossibleEarth-coreconvectiontoexplaingeomagneticfieldproductionwhereitcannotoccur[51,52].

SYSTEMATICALLYIGNOREDFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS:EARTH’SSURFACEDYNAMICS

Manygeophysicistsassumethattheobservationofbasaltbeingextrudedfrommid-oceanicridges,creepingacrosstheoceanbottom,anddisappearingintotrenchesimpliesmantleconvection,whichisthebasisforplatetectonicstheory.However,Ihaveshownthatmantleconvectionisphysicallyimpossible [18]. Consequently, plate tectonics cannot be a correct theory. I have set forth afundamentally different theory, Whole-Earth Decompression Dynamics (WEDD), that followslogicallyandcausallyfromEarth’sinitialformationasaJupiter-likegas-giant[19,36,49,50,53-59].Earthformedinitiallyasagas-giantplanetsimilarinmasstoJupiter,witharocky-kernelabouttwo-thirds thediameterofpresent-dayEarth.When thermonuclear reactions in the sun ignited, theviolentT-TauriwindsstrippedawaytheEarth’sgasesleavingacompressedrockyplanetwithacontiguoussurface.Asgeoreactorheatbeganreplacingthe lostheatofcrystallization,planetarydecompression began, powered by georeactor-produced energy and the much greater storedenergyofprotoplanetarycompression.Asdecompressionproceeds,twoactionsoccurthataccountformostofEarth’ssurfacegeologyandgeodynamics:Surfaceareaincreasesandsurfacecurvatureadjusts. Surfacearea increasesby the formationof cracks.Crackswithunderlyingheat sources,typicallylyingalongmid-oceanridges,producebasaltthatflowsbygravitationalcreepuntilitfallsinto and in-fills cracks without underlying heat sources. Surface curvature adjustments occurprimarily by continental crust buckling, breaking, and falling over, producing mountains



characterizedbyfolding,andsecondarilybytheformationofperi-continentaltears,thatbecamefjordsandsubmarinecanyons.ThisisWhole-EarthDecompressionDynamicsinanutshell.

SYSTEMATICALLYIGNOREDFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS:THERMONUCLEARIGNITIONOFSTARS

Atthedawnofthe20thcentury,oneofthegreatmysteriesinsciencewasthenatureoftheenergysource thatpowers the sunandother stars.By theendof1938,physicistshaddiscovered thatthermonuclearfusionreactions,liketheexampleshowninFigure4,likelyarethatunknownenergysource[60-63].

Figure4.Schematicrepresentationofanuclearfusionreaction.Thermonuclear reactions are called thermonuclear because temperatures of about one milliondegreesCelsiusarerequired.Atthetimethermonuclearreactionswereenvisionedforpoweringstars,theonlyenergysourceimaginedcapableofinitiatingthosereactionswasthegravitationalpotentialenergyreleasedduringstellarcollapsetoformthestar.Butthereareproblemswiththatconcept,principallybyradiationlossfromthesurface,whichisafunctionofthefourthpoweroftemperature.Ratherthanaskingwhatiswrongwiththeconcept,astrophysicistsjusttweakedtheirmodels[64-66].Starsarelikehydrogenbombsheldtogetherbygravity.Thethermonuclearfusionreactionsofeachhydrogenbombdetonatedareignitedbynuclearfissionchainreactions,illustratedschematicallyinFigure5.


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Figure5.Schematicrepresentationofuraniumnuclearfissionchainreactions.In1994,IpublishedintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyofLondonmyconceptthatthermonuclearreactionsinstarsareignitedbynuclearfissionchainreactions[38].Fordecadesthatpaperwasneitherrefutednorcited.Insteadtheastrophysicscommunitycontinuedtopromulgatethemesandvariations on the old and flawed gravitational collapse idea [67-69]. When exposed to afundamentallynewconcept,acrediblescientistwouldinvestigateitspotentialimplications.ThatiswhatIdid,butbynotdoingsimilarlyastrophysicistsmissedtheopportunitytomakefundamentaldiscoveries.

SYSTEMATICALLYIGNOREDFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS:NATUREOFDARKMATTERINTHEUNIVERSE

Theobservedpatternsofluminousgalacticstars,evidentforexampleasspiralgalaxies,representdynamically-unstableconfigurations.Theseunstablepatternsofluminousstarsarethoughttobeheldinplacebyhalosconsistingofmassiveamountsofnon-luminous,darkmatter,10-100timesasmassiveastheluminousstars[70].Astronomersandastrophysicistssearchforparticlesofdarkmatter while ignoring my published suggestion that follows logically and causally from thethermonuclearignitionofstarsbynuclearfissionchainreactions[38].Thecirca1930sideathatstarsareignitedasaconsequenceofgravitationalcollapseimpliesthatall starsmoremassive thanbrowndwarfs igniteas they form,whichwouldmean thatallnon-brown-dwarfgalacticstarswouldbe luminous.However, there isnoevidencethatgravitationalcollapse alone is sufficient to ignite stars, but, on the other hand, the detonation of everythermonuclearfusiondeviceconstitutesexperimentalevidencethatnuclearfissionchainreactionscanignitethermonuclearfusionreactions.Thermonuclearignitionofstarsbynuclearfissionadmitsthepossibilityofnon-ignitionofstarsthataredevoidoffissionableelements.Aone-solar-massdarkstarwouldbeaboutthesizeofEarth[71].I suggested that the galactic dark matter is composed of dark stars, devoid of the fissionableelementsnecessaryforignition[38].For25yearsthatconceptwasneitherrefutednorcitedwhilemassive amounts of taxpayer funds were spent by astronomers and astrophysicists who werelookingtheotherway.



SYSTEMATICALLYIGNOREDFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS:THERMONUCLEARIGNITIONOFDARKGALAXIES

A deep-field view from the Hubble Space Telescope, upper portion of Figure 6, shows that theuniverse consistsofnumerousgalaxies,whichhavevariationson just a coupleof characteristicluminous-star distributions, notably spiral and spiral-bar galaxies, two examples of which areshowninthelowerportionofFigure6.

Figure6.Upper:HubbleSpaceTelescopedeep-fieldviewshowingthousandsofgalaxiesdisplayingvariationsonjustacoupleofluminous-stardistribution-patterns,illustratedbelow.Lower:Bar

spiralgalaxyleft(NGC1300);Spiralgalaxyright(M101).Littleisknownaboutthehighlyenergeticprocessesthattakeplaceinthemassivecoresofgalaxies.Occasionally,jetsareobservedshootingoutfromgalacticcenters,examplesofwhichareshownintheupperportionofFigure7.Fromlefttoright,thosejetsare4,000,10,000,and865,000lightyearslong.Jetscanbesingleorbi-directional.Isuggestedthat,whenthematterofthesejetsencountersgalactic dark stars, thedark stars are seededwith fissionable elements,which undergo nuclearfission chain reactions that ignite thermonuclear fusion reactions turning the dark stars into


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luminousstars.Thus,thepatternofluminousstarsinagalaxyisaconsequenceofthejetsfromitscenter[72-75].The lower portion ofFigure 7 provides compelling evidence of the correctness ofmy thesis byshowingexamplesofhowadarkgalaxyappearsafteritshootsoutitsfirstjet.

Figure7.Upper:Threegalacticjets,lefttoright,4,000,10,000,865,000lightyearsinlength.Lower:Galaxies,UGC10214left,NGC4676right,showinghowdarkgalaxiesappearwhentheybegintoproducegalacticjetswhichseedthedarkstarstheyencounterwithfissionableelementsthatthen

ignitetheirthermonuclearfusionreactions.



Whenan importantnewfundamentalconcept,suchas justdescribed, thataccounts ina logical,causally-relatedmanner for the formationanddistribution-patternof luminousgalacticstarsaswellastheassociateddarkmattercomponent,astrophysicistsshouldtrytorefute,andifunableshouldcitewhereappropriate.Thatdidnothappen; theastrophysicscommunitysystematicallyignored thework and continued to stumble in the dark [76-78].My submittedmanuscripts toAstrophysicalJournalLettersreceiveddisparatetreatment,andwereunwarrantedlyrejected[43,79,80].Thereisamajorintegrityproblem.

SYSTEMATICALLYIGNOREDFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS:HOT-JUPITEREXOPLANETSANDPLANETMIGRATION

ThediscoveryofplanetsorbitingstarsotherthanSol,oursun,shouldhaveopenedaneweraofobjectivityintheastro-community.Butinmyexperiencethatwasnotthecase.Becausestarswere(wrongly)thoughttoignitebygravitationalcollapseuponformation,planetswerethoughttoformafterstellarignitionbyaccumulationofdustandrocks.Thegas-giantJupiterwasthoughttohaveformedbeyondahypotheticalsnowline [81]wherepresumably temperatureswere sufficientlylow-enoughforgasesandicestocondense.ThenHot-JupiterexoplanetswerefoundorbitingstarsotherthanSol.Theseexoplanetsradiatedvastamountsofenergy,whichotherscouldnotexplain,butIproposedareasonableexplanation[79].Howdidastrophysicistsexplaingas-giantexoplanetsthatwerefoundasclosetotheirstarasEarthisfromthesun?Theyinventedtheconceptofplanetmigration,whichIrefuted[80].MysubmittedmanuscriptstoAstrophysicalJournalLettersreceiveddisparatetreatment,andwereunwarrantedlyrejected[43,79,80].ThoseactionsdeprivedmeofthecreditIearnedfromthosediscoveries, harmed my career prospects, and cheated taxpayers. Those actions hide new,importantconceptsfromthescientificcommunityandfromgovernment-fundingofficials.Thereisamajorintegrityproblem.Iwasabletopostpre-printsofthosepapersonanauthorself-postingarchive,butsoonthereafterIwasblacklistedbythatarchive.

SCIENTISTSBLACKLISTEDBythe1990scorruptscientists,actingundertheguiseofreviewingpapersforpublication,werecausing delays of up to two years or preventing publication. In 1995, the National ScienceFoundation(NSF)fundedthedevelopmentatLosAlamosScientificLaboratoryofanauthorself-postingarchivewherephysicistscouldpostpre-printsthatothersthroughouttheworldcouldviewalmostimmediately.Butfromthebeginning,therewereallegationsofblacklisting[82].Onorabout2001 NSF gave Cornell University nearly onemillion dollars to take possession of the archive,arxiv.org.ThearchivedevelopersmovedwiththearchivetoCornell.Blacklistingintensified.University and government scientists (email ending in .edu and .gov) could post withoutinterference.Butotherswithdifferentemail-endingsweresubjecttodisparatetreatment.Beforeposting, an individual in that category was required to obtain an endorsement from someonequalified to endorse. Soon after I complained to the American Astronomical Society about theunwarrantedsuppressionofmypapersbyoneofthejournalstheypublish,AstrophysicalJournalLetters,IfoundIwasblacklistedbyarxiv.org.BlacklistingmeansthatwhenIattempttopostapaper,unknown “moderators”, not reviewers, decide whether it would be allowed to post under an


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inappropriatecategory,whereitwouldnotbenoticed,suchasGeneralPhysics,orwhetheritwouldnotpostatall.Iwasalsostrippedofmyabilitytoendorseothers(Figure8).

Figure8.UppershowsmysubmissionthatwaspostedinthecategoryofAstrophysicsandthevariousareasinwhichIwasqualifiedtoendorsebeforebeingblacklisted.Lowershowsa

submissionthatwasallowedtopost,butonlyintheinappropriatecategoryGeneralPhysicsandshowsthatIwasnolongerallowedtoendorseothers.

CornellUniversityreceivesmillionsofdollarsannuallyfromgovernmentcontractsandgrants,yethides competitors’ work. I complained to more than one of Cornell’s provosts, officers of theCorporation, but the typical responsewas to sendmy complaint to the very people I filed thecomplaintagainst.Shortlybeforeanelection,oneU. S.Congressman fileda complaintwith theU.S.Asst.AttorneyGeneralforAntitrust.ButthenBarackObamawaselectedandhisDepartmentofJusticequelledthecomplaint.MorescientificintegritythantheTrumpAdministration?Noway!



POORSCIENCEANDDEFICIENTINTEGRITYTheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey(USGS),accordingtoitsmissionstatement,“servesthenationbyprovidingreliablescientificinformationtodescribeandunderstandtheearth;minimizelossoflifeandpropertyfromnaturaldisasters;managewater,biological,energy,andmineralresources;andenhanceandprotectourqualityoflife.”TheUSGSmaintainsadatabaseofglobalearthquakedata.Usingonlythatdatafrom1973onward,the period of time when reliable global seismic networks were in operation to detect nuclearexplosions,Idiscoveredthatthefrequencyoflargeearthquakes,magnitude≥6andmagnitude≥7,wereincreasing,asshowninFigure9.

Figure9.TheannualnumberofearthquakesoftheindicatedmagnitudefromUSGSdatashownwithlinearregressionfitlines.Adaptedfrom[83].


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MarciaK.McNutt,anObamaappointee,servedasUSGSDirector2009-2013.ThequestionarisesastowhyneithershenorherpredecessorswarnedtheJapaneseoftheincreasingfrequencyoflargeearthquakes.Perhaps,withsuchawarning,theJapanesemighthavebeenbetterprepared,andtheFukushimanucleardisastermighthavebeenaverted.Poorscienceisoftenattendedbydeficientintegrity.AsEditorofSciencemagazine,followingherUSGSstint,McNuttprofferedaneditorialpromotingthesupposedlyhypotheticalfuturepossibilityofgeoengineering[84].Therealityisthatgeoengineeringhasbeenongoingwithever-increasingfrequency,intensity,duration,andgeographicalrangeforyears.IsubmittedaProspectivetoScienceonthatsubjectbutitwasrejectedwithoutreview[85].TherearefurtherallegationsofdeficientintegrityinhernextstintaspresidentoftheNationalAcademyofSciences[86,87].TheNationalAcademyofSciencesshouldbeaparagonofintegrityandcompetence.Itisneither.Forexample,IsubmittedamanuscripttoProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences(PNAS)entitled“NewEvidenceofAerosolizedToxinsintheLoweratmosphere.”ThePNASeditorialboardrejected the paper without review because “it lacked the broad appeal necessary for furtherconsiderationbythejournal.”ThereisanabsurdityinthePLOSONEarticleasserting“perceivedlossesofscientificintegrityundertheTrumpAdministration.”Recalltheoldproverb:Thosewholiveinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.

SYSTEMATICALLYIGNOREDFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS:PARTICULATE-INHIBITEDATMOSPHERICCONVECTIONASTHEMAINCAUSEOFGLOBAL

WARMINGForthreedecadestheUnitedNationsandcomplicitgovernmentalinstitutionshavebeenpromotingthepolitical-ideologythatglobalwarmingisoccurring,causedprincipallybyatmosphericcarbondioxideandgreenhousegasestrappingheatthatshouldberadiatedintospace[88].Noteverybodyagrees,somethinkglobalwarmingiseithernotoccurringorelseitisanaturalphenomenon.Itisneither.In2017,BernardGottschalknoticedaNOAAgraphpublishedintheNewYorkTimes,animageofatemperatureprofilethatappearedtoshowabumpduringWorldWarII.Hedownloadedthermaldata sets from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, performed sophisticatedcurvefittinganddemonstratedthattheWorldWarIIbumpisarobustfeature,whichheattributedtohumancauses[89,90].Gottschalk’spresentationwasthefirstindicationtomethatglobalwarmingismainlycausedbyparticulatepollutionasshowninFigure10.Aerosolparticlesabsorbradiationfromthesunandfromtheearth,becomeheated,transferthatheattotheatmosphere,whichreducesatmosphericconvection,thusreducingsurfaceheatloss,causingwarminglocallyand/orglobally[91-97].Ifirstsubmittedoneofthosepapers[94]totheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,buttheyrejecteditwithoutreview.



Figure10.CopyofGottschalk’sfittedcurvesforeightNOAAdatasets[89]showingtherelativeprofilesovertimetowhichIaddedproxiesforparticulatepollution.From[91].

Thereseemstobeawidespread,prevalentdiseaseinthescientificcommunitycalledIDS,IntegrityDeficitSyndrome.Forthirtyyears,scientistsinvolvedwiththeUnitedNations’IntergovernmentalPanel on Climate Change have assessed climate changewithout evermentioning or taking intoaccount thenear-daily,near-global jet-emplacementof aerosolparticulates into theatmospherethatcauseglobalwarmingandwhichtakeplaceunderauspicesofaUnitedNations’Trojanhorsetreaty [98, 99]. Tabulations of opinions have been used to deceive people regarding the aerialspraying[100,101],buttherealityisthattheaerosolparticulateemplacementharmshumanhealth[102-109]andisdevastatingtoenvironmentalhealth[96,97,103,105,110-115].

CONCLUSIONSThetabulatedopinionscollectedbyGoldmanetal.[1]arewithoutmerit.Ascientificcommunity,apparently suffering from Integrity Deficit Syndrome, cannot be expected to provide a truthfulassessment,especiallywhenqueriedabouttheactionsofapresidentwhomightchangethesciencelandscapeunderwhichtheyflourish.ThePLOSONEpaper[1],Iallege,isnomorethanapoliticalhitjobaimedatdamagingPresidentTrump.Itsconsequence,however,wasaninspirationformetodescribewithclarityandtruthfulnessthedeplorablestateofintegritythatexistsinthescientificestablishment.Thebreachesofscientific integritydescribedhere,however, are just glimpsesofevenmorepernicious,documentedinstances.


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References1. Goldman,G.T.,etal.,PerceivedlossesofscientificintegrityundertheTrumpadministration:Asurveyoffederal

scientists.Plosone,2020.15(4):p.e0231929.

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41. Herndon,J.M.,Nucleargeoreactororiginofoceanicbasalt3He/4He,evidence,andimplications.Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.USA,2003.100(6):p.3047-3050.

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43. Herndon,J.M.,Herndon'sEarthandtheDarkSideofScience2014:PrintedbyCreareSpace;AvailableatAmazon.comandthroughotherbooksellers.

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53. Herndon,J.M.,Whole-Earthdecompressiondynamics.Curr.Sci.,2005.89(10):p.1937-1941.

54. Herndon,J.M.,Energyforgeodynamics:Mantledecompressionthermaltsunami.Curr.Sci.,2006.90(12):p.1605-1606.

55. Herndon,J.M.,Newindivisiblegeoscienceparadigm.arXiv.org/abs/1107.2149,2011.

56. Herndon,J.M.,Originofmountainsandprimaryinitiationofsubmarinecanyons:TheconsequencesofEarth’searlyformationasaJupiter-likegasgiant.Curr.Sci.,2012.102(10):p.1370-1372.

57. Herndon,J.M.,FictitousSupercontinentCycles.arXiv.org/abs/1302.1425,2013.

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74. Herndon,J.M.,Inseparabilityofsciencehistoryanddiscovery.Hist.GeoSpaceSci.,2010.1:p.25-41.

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104. Herndon,J.M.andM.Whiteside,Geoengineering:Thedeadlynewglobal“Miasma”.JournalofAdvancesinMedicineandMedicalResearch,2019.29(12):p.1-8.

105. Herndon,J.M.andM.Whiteside,Unacknowledgedpotentialfactorsincatastrophicbatdie-offarisingfromcoalflyashgeoengineering.AsianJournalofBiology,2019.8(4):p.1-13.

106. Whiteside,M.andJ.M.Herndon,Coalflyashaerosol:Riskfactorforlungcancer.JournalofAdvancesinMedicineandMedicalResearch,2018.25(4):p.1-10.

107. Whiteside,M.andJ.M.Herndon,Aerosolizedcoalflyash:Riskfactorforneurodegenerativedisease.JournalofAdvancesinMedicineandMedicalResearch,2018.25(10):p.1-11.

108. Whiteside,M.andJ.M.Herndon,Aerosolizedcoalflyash:RiskfactorforCOPDandrespiratorydisease.JournalofAdvancesinMedicineandMedicalResearch,2018.26(7):p.1-13.

109. Whiteside,M.andJ.M.Herndon,Geoengineering,coalflyashandthenewheart-Ironconnection:Universalexposuretoironoxidenanoparticulates.JournalofAdvancesinMedicineandMedicalResearch,2019.31(1):p.1-20.

110. Herndon,J.M.,Adverseagriculturalconsequencesofweathermodification.AGRIVITAJournalofagriculturalscience,2016.38(3):p.213-221.

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112. Herndon,J.M.andM.Whiteside,Californiawildfires:Roleofundisclosedatmosphericmanipulationandgeoengineering.J.Geog.Environ.EarthSci.Intn.,2018.17(3):p.1-18.

113. Whiteside,M.andJ.M.Herndon,Previouslyunacknowledgedpotentialfactorsincatastrophicbeeandinsectdie-offarisingfromcoalflyashgeoengineeringAsianJ.Biol.,2018.6(4):p.1-13.

114. Whiteside,M.andJ.M.Herndon,Aerosolizedcoalflyash:Apreviouslyunrecognizedprimaryfactorinthecatastrophicglobaldemiseofbirdpopulationsandspecies.AsianJ.Biol.,2018.6(4):p.1-13.

115. Whiteside,M.andJ.M.Herndon,Roleofaerosolizedcoalflyashintheglobalplanktonimbalance:CaseofFlorida'stoxicalgaecrisi.AsianJournalofBiology,2019.8(2):p.1-24.

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