Truman’s Foreign Policy · 2013. 9. 5. · United States and the Soviet Union WWII: So Happy...
Transcript of Truman’s Foreign Policy · 2013. 9. 5. · United States and the Soviet Union WWII: So Happy...
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Truman’s
Foreign
Policy
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Foreign Policy –Win WWII
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United States and the Soviet Union
WWII: So Happy Together
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United Nations (1945) • promote peaceful cooperation among nations
• 50 nations
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United Nations
Security Council
5 Permanent Members
– US
– USSR
– France
– Great Britain
– China
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Post World War II
German / Austrian Occupation
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Nuremberg Trials
• 19 of 22 convicted (12 executed)
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The Cold War (1945 – 1991)
United States of America
vs.
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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Differences between the US and the USSR
US USSR
Government
System
Economic
System
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Differences between the US and the USSR
US USSR
Government
System
Democracy
Economic
System
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Differences between the US and the USSR
US USSR
Government
System
Democracy
Economic
System
Capitalism
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Differences between the US and the USSR
US USSR
Government
System
Democracy
Dictatorship
Economic
System
Capitalism
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Differences between the US and the USSR
US USSR
Government
System
Democracy
Dictatorship
Economic
System
Capitalism
Communism
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Who Has the Early Advantage in
the Cold War? (1945 – 1948)
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Early Cold War Advantages
American Advantages
• Atomic Bomb
• Economy
– 50% of good and services
made in the USA
• Post-WWII Conditions
• Allies
• Navy –largest
– Navy (70,000 ships)
• Air Force -largest
– (100,000 planes)
Soviet Advantages
• Population
– USSR (200 vs. 139 mil)
• Army
– USSR (12.5 vs 10.4 mil)
• Land size
– Millions square miles:
USSR (17.0) vs USA (9.8)
• Proximity to Cold War
conflicts
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And the Cold War Winner is:
or
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Use of the Atomic Bombs on Japan
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Cold War Winner: Atomic Bomb
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Post WWII Japanese Occupation
(1945 – 1952) Tokyo War Trials
Douglas MacArthur Hideki Tojo Executed
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Cold War Winner: Japanese Occupation
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Next Cold War Conflict: Poland
Stalin denied free elections
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Cold War Winner: Poland
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The “Iron Curtain” Speech
Winston Churchill
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Truman’s #1 Goal:
Stopping Communism
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Learned Lesson from WWII
Appeasement Containment
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Containment Policy
Truman
Doctrine
Marshall
Plan
NATO
(Article 5)
National
Security
Act
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Truman Doctrine
• “It must be the policy
of the United States to
support free people’s
who are resisting
attempted subjugation
by armed minorities or
outside pressures.”
•Contain Communism
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European Recovery Act
The Marshall Plan
$12.4 billion in aid
Rebuild and fight communism
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North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO)
Article 5 Dwight Eisenhower
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National Security Act of 1947
National
Security
Act
Defense
Department
Central
Intelligence
Agency
National
Security
Council
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First Cold War Battlegrounds
Greece and Turkey
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Greece • received $250 million in American aid
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Cold War Winner: Greece
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Turkey
• received $150 million in American aid
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Cold War Winner: Turkey
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Palestine: A British Colony
British Withdrawal
May 14, 1948
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Palestine: A United Nations Issue
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How long have they been fighting in the Middle East?
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The Israeli Plan
The UN Plan
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What really hurt the Palestinians?
Lost Access to Jerusalem
Holy City of 3 Religions
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What brought instant credibility
to the new nation of Israel?
President Truman’s Recognition 11 minutes
after it became a nation May 14, 1948
65%
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Why Israeli Recognition?
• Humanitarian -Holocaust survivors
• Containment –gain ally in Cold War
• Political –gain Jewish-American votes
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Results of US Recognition
Israel:
an American
democratic ally
Angered Arab World:
Took Away Palestinian
Arab Land
Paying for it?
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Cold War Winner: Israel
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Stalin ordered West Berlin Blockade
June 24, 1948
West Berliners: 2.5 million
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Operation Vittles (Planefare)
June 24, 1948 – May 12, 1949
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Berlin Airlift Statistics
In 10 months:
• 277,804 flights
– Averaged 599 a day
• 32 planes were in the
air at once
• Plane was arriving or
departing every 90
seconds
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Cold War Winner: Berlin Airlift
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Operation Little Vittles
Gail Halvorsen
“The Candy Bomber”
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Results of Operation Little Vittles
• Over 250,000 pieces of
candy were dropped
• Over 23 tons of candy
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Uncle Wiggly Wings
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The Chinese Revolution
October 1, 1949
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The Chinese Civil War
Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong
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A New Communist Enemy:
The People’s Republic of China
Truman “Lost” China
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Cold War Winner: Chinese Revolution
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Next Truman Trouble Spot: Korea