Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

download Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

of 35

Transcript of Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    1/35

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    2/35

    TROUBLINGBORDERS

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    3/35

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    4/35

    TROUBLINGBORDERS

    An Anthology of Art and

    Literature by Southeast Asian

    Women in the Diaspora

    Edited by

    Mariam B. Lam,

    Isabelle Thuy Pelaud,

    Lan Duong,

    and Kathy L. Nguyen

    University of Washington Press

    Seattle and London

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    5/35

    2014 b Universiy ofWashingon Pre ss

    d d bud d f mc

    D b R Dz

    Cmpd , pfc dd b Rb lmbc

    16 15 14 13 5 4 3 2 1

    ll d. N p f publc m b pducd mtd fm

    b m, lcc mccl, clud pcp, cd, fm

    l m, wu pm w fm publ.

    f P.O. x 50096, tl, WA 98145, USA

    www.w.du/uwp

    Lb f C Cl--ublc D

    ubl bd : l f d lu b u wm

    dp / dd b bll Tu lud, L Du, Mm . Lm, d K L. Nu.

    p cm

    clud bblpcl fc.

    ISB 978-0-295-99319-5 (cl : cd-f pp)1.u lu (El)m uH d ccm. 2. m d

    luu . 3. m u . 4. u dp

    lu. I. lud, bll Tu, 1965 d f cmpl. II. Du, L .,

    1972 d f cmpl. III. Lm, Mm ., d f cmpl. I. Nu, K

    L., d f cmpl.

    P3508.5.76 2014

    808.8{p}9959dc23

    2013020581

    T pp ud publc cd-f d m mmum qum f

    mc Nl dd f fm ccmc f p f

    d Lb Ml, ASI Z39.481984.

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    6/35

    XX Preface

    b G-

    XX Acknowledgments

    XX Introduction

    b M B. , Ib ,

    D, .

    XX PART IWombs and Wounds:

    Family Relations in the Diaspora

    XX Karen Llagas, O

    XX Vi Ly, errain 15 errain 17

    XX Karen Llagas, M

    XX Vi Ly,Posparum #5

    XX Phayvanh Luekhamhan, Rbb B

    XX Ann Phong,Mending

    XX Anh-Hoa Thi Nguyen, M

    XX Anh-Hoa Thi Nguyen, F M F

    XX Linda Saphan, ogeherness

    XX Anh-Hoa Thi Nguyen, 30XX iep Tran,

    XX ulie Thi Underhill, ra Cang Monasery

    XX iep Tran, c

    XX iep Tran, 1976

    XX Kao Lee Thao, Way o Lie

    XX Anh-Thu Ngo,

    XX ulie Thi Underhill, Grandma

    XX Heang Ly, G

    XX Amy Lee Sanford,Broken

    XX Trn ng T, XX Kou Vang, Widow

    XX Phayvanh Luekhamhan, , 1993

    XX Kao Lee Thao, Yukai

    XX Phayvanh Luekhamhan, F . M

    XX Amy Lee Sanford, Suspended

    XX Phet ahathongdy, M

    XX Anne Le,

    XX Phuong . o, Sel and Auns

    XX hristilily hiv, M M B

    XX Kou Vang,Leter om Laos

    XX ay Lee-ang, Cc

    XX Tran T. Kim-Trang, E:

    Te Palpable Invisibiliy o Lie

    XX PART IIComing to Voice:

    Language, Writing, Literacy

    XX arine Ky, Uniled VI (such as you are,so is he world)

    XX ai Arun avine,

    XX arine Ky, eds Garmen

    XX Karen Llagas, F

    XX Linda Saphan, S-21 No Flying Away 1

    XX arara ane eyes, c

    XX Linda Saphan, S-21 No Flying Away 2

    XX Linda Saphan, S-21 No Flying Away 3

    XX Trn Tu un, Cc c c

    XX Trn Tu un, c w

    XX Phuong . o, Sel and Uncles

    XX Souvankham Thammavongsa,

    F OC B I w

    XX eanne strada,Keep I ogeher #5

    XX Souvankham Thammavongsa, I

    Dc

    XX PART IIIHomes and Homelands

    XX ina sterloh,Impossible Delineaion

    ( Blank Atemp)

    XX Karen Llagas, c D

    XX ina sterloh,Anonymous Fron

    ( Copy Fla)

    XX Anne Le, I C

    XX ina sterloh,Blind Rash (

    Rash Room)XX Anne Le, F G

    XX Tiffany hung, G Vp

    XX V Hng hng-i, w 1

    (, Dcb 1996)

    XX Hong-An Truong,Descripion #3 (Tree Clocks)

    XX V Hng hng-i, C

    B ( , 2005)

    XX Kou Vang, Forgoten

    XX V Hng hng-i, c c

    b

    XX Anida oeu Ali,Palimpses or Generaion 1.5

    (c)

    CONTENTS

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    7/35

    XX Phayvanh Luekhamhan, I E

    I M

    XX Aiah Ahmad,

    XX ina sterloh,Looking Back, I Acceped Your

    Inviaion ( Somewhere ropical)

    XX Anh Thang ao,

    XX Anh Thang ao, cXX enifer K. Wofford,Poin o Deparure

    (Nurse wih Cap)

    XX enifer K. Wofford, Curain Nurse I

    XX PART IVLoving Sex/Sexing Love

    XX Angela Nariso Torres, Cc

    XX eie Nguyen,Dark Green

    XX onnie Pham,

    c

    XX eie Nguyen,Plum

    XX Lian uo, F

    XX Kao-Ly ang, Fc

    XX eie Nguyen, Wood

    XX hau Nguyen,

    XX Tran T. Kim-Trang, Kore

    XX ong-Lan, O B

    XX PART VMilitarized Lives

    XX er ang, , B

    XX Hong-An Truong, Wheel in he Sky

    XX Aimee Phan, Exc Te Reeducaion o

    Cherry ruong

    XX Anida oeu Ali, G 1.5

    (c)XX Pimone Triplett, R c

    XX Hong-An Truong, Florida 1979 (Love You, Miss

    You a Lo)

    XX ayle omasanta, D

    XX Hong-An Truong, Florida 1978 (Goes o Heaven)

    XX Kathy L. Nguyen, Exc Te Inheriors

    XX arara ane eyes, C I (I Y

    M)

    XX PART VIAsians in America

    XX Lin + Lam, Tis Is No Me

    XX Aiah Ahmad, c

    XX ela L. Aela, God Bless America

    XX Aiah Ahmad, Fcc

    XX Anne Le, CwXX ulie Thi Underhill, R

    XX Linda Tran, F M

    XX Ann Phong,Box o Waer 2

    XX ela L. Aela, Fcc b() ,

    19672007

    XX arsha . aliia-onroe, #6O

    F

    XX Ann Phong,Boas

    XX PART VIIRace, Roots, Religion

    XX Nalyne Lunati, Sea Ghos

    XX arara ane eyes, I C,

    w C F

    XX Hong-An Truong,Descripion #4

    (Tree Figurines)

    XX avorn Sisavath, Cc

    EcXX Nalyne Lunati,Kranok 1

    XX ulie Thi Underhill, C

    XX Nalyne Lunati, Vihara o he Mind

    XX eanne strada, General ri-Corn (6)

    XX Pimone Triplett, M

    XX lia . arrios,Indusry o Yoga

    XX rae Talusan, Bb C

    XX lia . arrios,Pending

    XX PART VIIITravel Narratives

    and Narratives That Travel

    XX Linda Saphan,Amey on Bike

    XX hi Vu, c

    XX ulie Thi Underhill, Fear o Ambivalence

    XX ai er Vang,

    XX ahel u ollier,

    XX eanne strada, enuous (enaively iled)

    XX Pang Houa oua Toy,

    XX Anida oeu Ali,Palimpses or Generaion 1.5

    ( w)

    XX ai er Vang, F , w

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    8/35

    XX PART IXSpeech Acts: Labor, Activism, Resistance

    XX ail rder rides...,Always a Bridesmaid, Never a Bride (Flowers)

    XX onnie Pham, Q C: Q c

    XX mily P. Lasin, M c (I M J I, F , C B X)

    XX Linda Saphan,Incognio 31

    XX mily P. Lasin, I F (Fw Rx)XX ela L. Aela, I

    XX Tiffany hung, Here We Go

    XX rae Kong, I D Rc

    XX Tiffany hung,Bubble Shooer and Friends

    XX rae Kong, M B

    XX ail rder rides...,Educaion Reorm

    XX Karen Llagas, I0

    XX Lin + Lam, Unidenied Vie Nam No. 18

    XX , G M Y B c c

    XX Lin + Lam, Unidenied Vie Nam No. 18

    XX Leakhena Leng,Breahing Fire c c

    XX ail rder rides..., Trough he Looking Glass

    XX Epilogue

    XX About the Contributors and Editors

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    9/35

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    10/35

    ix

    c w, c c,, b c w

    c w b cb c .. w c c. , c-Ib , D, M B. , . c c c b c

    w c/ bc b w , cx, c c, c c , c, .c c Cb, , c w, cc , , c c c w , c -c c, b c , b, c c c.

    I bc . I , w, w, cc c b cc c c c c w

    c. w cj b w b x c w w b c , c , c/c/ c c c, cw w cc c b.

    w, j- c, , b w. M c, c w b, cc z bw w

    c w w c cc w ..w, c , cc w, cc. , 1993, :

    w b

    b c . w w ,

    c c. D c

    PREFACE

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    11/35

    Troubling Bordersx

    wc w w , , w , cb b w . b , c w w b c w , c b w

    w c, b, b. I c , w c,

    bb c w , c.

    Shirley eok-lin Lim C, Bb

    I . w

    w w w wc. . Rb, .

    I .O b bc bc b,

    b c,c w w bc.

    D w , b b

    I bb c .

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    12/35

    xi

    jc c. w b

    w w , b w c b c jc c . w z, b, , c b c w . w c ccb w , c w cb cc . bc w b b w c.

    jc w Dc w VAN, z b c,c z, , , , c b

    . , VAN b jc, c

    w b z. , w j z w , w ., w w $20,000 c. c c x-w c w , w c b . c - c, c,, , w. w

    x c b , D, , , , J , C-D w - . VAN w , B D, Y , M,Mq , M c jc. Ic , wc VAN c c b Icb , Ic R R cc z c ( VAN,

    www..c). z

    c c F & C Ec -Rc, z-

    c z . D. D . M. -D w cc bc b. q b c -R, C , . J D. F b b D D, M.-R M. M D cb q c bc. w b b w b cb.

    D , c cc F, wc b c c , b w. D cc bw , , w x c

    cc . c, , w w w b .

    w cw B B J I F, c F F, Mc B F VAN c . c. w

    Fcc F, cc IC C Fcc C 2013 - , w w - .

    z w cb, , - c c w

    w w c. cc c b

    b. b , jc c w cc x b . - , w w $50. F

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    13/35

    xii Troubling Borders

    c c, w ,wc-M B D,

    c Rw; D D, jc; D , c c c

    C; Y , xc c c & c. , , C c. Bb, B, B D,wc Gb, B b , D , , , , ,

    , C, Qc, , , , G O, E , J ,J , , - , Q w c. w B , D, w , , -b, M-, , ,c , Mq , D , O, Y, Y b. O - c,

    G , B , G

    M C I, Q C Mx Mc, F B ,- Cw, c R, w Y C, C, MD, R J, J , Ec ,

    , , B , - , Rc C , Q Dc, , M , cc . w c -

    . c O .

    zz , M B-M, C, J Cz, D D, D, G , C , Bz, , , , M , , - , B, , , -, C, OD, , , z , Q , , C Y. . c c jc.M c b w .

    O - w b w

    w c b. w c M B,

    w Bw B, C C , C C E,

    D O R O . B M

    Y , Bc, Mc C C, ,F C C, , M, D, J, .

    w , w VAN , c w- bcc q z jc. VAN RbC, E E b D M, w B Mz c. Gc z,

    Bc, C, , D, Rb , M, w M O,

    , - , C , , Jc c c. w V c

    . C, R, w cc . - xb w G, wc, , cq c 2012, b b .

    c, , w b c

    jc c. w b

    b b. c xc Te Reeducaion o Cherry ruong(w Y:. M , 2012), J RAndTen Enwine (, I: , 2011).Mb . b I w b- b, b 2008,

    Fcc b Poes 11 (Fcc: F Fcc bc

    b, 2008). R c M w b Rumor: Poems (E, I: Q B/w , 2009), C c Reo, no. 2 (2002), Te Age

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    14/35

    xiii Acknowledgments

    (Mb, ), J 2, 2003. M-Y Cc wb How Do I Begin? A Hmong American

    Lierary Anhology, b c Cc (B, C: , 2011). -

    M ,Mc 2006, 30 w b As Is: ACollecion o Visual and Lierary Works by Vienamese

    American Ariss, b Cc ( Fcc: Cc, 2006). E .w M M c wb Filipino American Psychology: ACollecion o Personal Narraives, b . (B-, I: b,2010), M- O B

    w b Te Bes American Poery,b 4, 2012*. b w b w.

    b , w w w cb w, , c c w c w. c xc-

    . b b w w c .

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    15/35

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    16/35

    TROUBLINGBORDERS

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    17/35

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    18/35

    3

    x w b . c B, Cb,E I, , M, M (B), I, , , . ccz b c, c,

    w . , b, . B c b . F x, c , c , C M, M. M w-c. b cz ,

    b w , , , C

    c , , E, Fc, . z c c c, w b c w w. , b c c w .. c . 2000 .. C c 4.4 c. c w. F c , , ,

    c, c, c, cc, c cx b . w w j c cc c b cc c. cb cc b w b J. 2010 .

    c c c c, w z cc c cc cc w.R cz cb b c, c , c , w c - w

    b b c c w

    INTRODUCTION

    Mariam B. Lam, Isabelle

    Thuy Pelaud, Lan Duong,

    and Kathy L. Nguyen

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    19/35

    Troubling Borders4

    w c b c c.R w b cc c, w c c , x , cx jx, w c cc w cc c w

    . c .

    c. c, w c cx , w w w ccb . b cc, , x, cc (, , C 1997, 36).

    c xc c, w cc c cz, w, . c w w ,xc, x w c( D 2012, 252) w x c. cb w, q c bjc, w xc w, , , . c cz -b

    b - w w wc c w. , w bc

    w c xc cx b b , w. , w b

    c b. c w , , , c bc c , cc b (Mc 2008, 128). b, c, c , w cc ccc b cc cc xc (b., 129).

    , , c cc c b c c c , c z c.

    O c w cc w , c C zFc c , c w cc c b w , w w c c b c. xc , c b c , z c , c, cc

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    20/35

    5 Introduction

    w (w) b .I z b b cc M. , cc, bc., c. M , I ,

    w, w c .

    cq. c c b;, w w w cbc w cc.

    b c c c c c c c, w c c

    c z b c w c w w cc . wc c c, cz, c c,cc , b , b . cb c, c, , w c w c c wc b c c jc , - c.

    w w c c w c cc, wc w cc z . c b c w z c jc w - c c. c w bjc : ; , w, c; ;

    x; z; c; c, , ; ; c, c, b.I c cc b-c

    b xc -- w . Dc c c x , c b bc w, x cc . I 1, b , D c b c c :

    I c c w c . cb c x b ,

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    21/35

    Troubling Borders6

    , , w w c w w c cc b . I c D b , c c ,

    c cc x bc x ccz c -c w.

    x w b cb xcbxc, c, - Y

    Fc , x/x c, c w c w w c c, , . I

    w Mz c, c ,b, c c , c, w c-c c w cx , , , c w

    c . Y c G 1.5 c w NO CHOICE BUT TO LEAVE ATROCITIES w w b bc b w cbb c w b .

    w z b c, wc b b b b. c c w c c , c, ()cb, b , , b,

    w x. c c b w

    w z w cc cw w c, w c, Rc, R, R, c cc w c c.I c, b c I C, wC F b Bb J R c -c w w z c w b w / cw w w, c c c , w w

    w- / w b w w. c c w

    M I c , , w ,

    I b, c b c .

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    22/35

    7 Introduction

    b c .

    w c, c c, cc. J cc F bc x c jc w b

    c, , c, Cc c, w J . , c b Fcc , Czc Rbc, , b E, M, w - x c w. w -c , b , x c cc , c c, c . w M OB/M.O.B., cb bw , R E, Ez O. B, w c , c, c b .

    , b c b. w b c c cc cc c b c c w cc c. q c jc c jc b cb

    w c c .

    cc b cc c c w c z b bc cb (Dz G 1986) c cb ( 2005). b c b b w b c b cc b c ccz. , w

    w, b c . c bzc , cc, c b b, cc w cc. I ,

    c cz cc c w w b cc bz, , z, , cz bcc. c cc c w . b w w b.

    cc c w cb , b b c c bjc c, cc,c, c, c. I c, b , c cq, bc

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    23/35

    Troubling Borders8

    b w c E . c b cb w , w . w , w q cc c ; w cc, ,

    , c w c wc w c cb. cc c xc , c b wc w c c. 165 w b c, w,

    w c E, w x w E b. b

    w b c. c b c c, w w- w b w c.

    , w c c c b, w w w c E. w cb w c cc w , C Rc Q C, c c b E. c c , c , . c cc w c b c cc c cqc c c jc. c cc q c cc

    c c bc cc c x b cc . w w x b c cc bc c

    . w w b E, w b , w w E. cb b w - xc c c (Cb1996, 7980). Bc c c cc

    () b, w w w , c-c, x w c c c - cx.

    F, cc bw c b bjc cc -, cc c c, , , , c c c ( 1998, 41). cc c c c bb bz. , c

    c w c xc c, w , , c w,

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    24/35

    9 Introduction

    c, , w , , c xc. cz c, b-, c c E , cz

    , w b

    cc b cq b c cc c. w, c b-

    w cc c , c w C, , , M, x, x, q cc c w, b c c x c c c . bc c.

    M , , c c b cc, c E , c c .. b, b-j c, c-c c. cz

    c E x w - , b c cc q.

    w bc b ccb

    b c b w Mc E c. w cz bc bz E cb, w w b w b . F x, M ,

    w w w , cb w E, b c . cb, , wc c , w c c cc, c

    cb c E.I C c c, b c-

    wc cb w w c c -, b E c cc . c c , c , , E, J R

    b b c b c , w c-. Bb J R c x F

    w E c c c- - . Cc C c I c w b Q ( w

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    25/35

    Troubling Borders10

    cc ), Q , w E, w b Fc G, c c .I c, c c, Gc , C , c w x w

    c w b E ID Rc.

    c cb cw b. b B, , c w c . I c cc b w c . w c c w z w . O , M w w , C w b xc c b. w w . F w, w b w b c. w

    b , wc -. B x (, w, , ) (, , , , ), w w b b cz wc w wc w c b z.

    , w b c b

    xc; w, w w c c b w c . I w , c-, ()b c cc, w w wc c w cc. bc cc c c bw b. cz w wc c c w c b c bc w . c

    240 b b w, ,, . c- c w cc c b, , q c c , c b.w, cb wc w w b -- b c c.

    b c c b c

    . F x, c c 1990 w c xc , Cb, c c . F w c

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    26/35

    11 Introduction

    .. , w F wc w cc w c b. , B, I

    w , x c, -c , b, w M

    bjc c c w z , c .

    F , bjc c , c- , bjc c. c , b, , , w (Gb 1993, 215). F , cb , c b, c

    c, wc w c w, c-c c-c c c c (b., 213).

    c c c w c cb-, c F w b c c b bc .. , w w cc bx . c c c,

    w, c, c c bj c w . w c b b c. c b x. O c w w w , w

    w - , w w w b .

    x b c w ,

    I, M, , M, , B, E c w b w c c C I M, , C w. w cb b c w M, ,I, M, , bc c,c, c c c cx cc c c w ; bc c c c w

    E; b b b c c c

    b bc bc. c cc c c

    Such stories are reminders of the interlacing of

    violence, war, migration and displacement, the

    stitching together of patriarchy and subjugation that

    can shape womens lives.

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    27/35

    Troubling Borders12

    cc w , w wcz cc c c . b c b C I

    C c. w c , C, E E,, E , w. b b E , R Cw, q cc , c c, z w c , z (Dz G 1983, b w 2006,20132). cb , c w c c b cz, w, bz, z, w w cx c w w . .. b c w w c c jc.

    c w w , w, c.

    Fw c c . c b b iling he Coninen( C 2000). O

    c w , c Dragon Ladies:

    Asian American Feminiss Breahe Fire (1999), Virual Lous: Modern Ficiono Souheas Asia (2002), - (2008), b c c bc cc w w.O w . , w, w cc. b w w, , cc c. , x c x w , q c x w w w w.

    I cc, w c b / c , c c-cc Reurning a Borrowed ongue: An Anhology o Filipino and Filipino American

    Poery (1995) Waermark: Vienamese American Poery and Prose (1997). c w c Forbidden Sich:An Asian American Womens Anhology (1989),Making Waves: An Anhologyo Wriings by and abou Asian American Women (1989), Making MoreWaves: New Wriing by Asian American Women (1997), w c . , b c c w

    , c, Vesiges o War: Te Philippine-American Warand he Afermah o an Imperial Dream 18991999 (2002), Fresh alk/

    Daring Gazes: Conversaions on Asian American Ar(2005), Unsetled

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    28/35

    13 Introduction

    Visions: Conemporary Asian American Ariss and he Social Imaginary(2008), Asian American Ar: A Hisory, 18601970 (2008). c xc c c c.

    w

    b w. , w bcb c c c bc ccc c, , , cc, c.

    w cw bc c, w x wc c b bjc b w . c x c b, w b . wc c c, xc, c. cb b w w c c b

    C b w w c -c b c b.

    , w c, c, c; w c , ccc c, c. B c -

    c, w w bc b -c b w, c, . b B c w w b c b c, c, w b b c. w ,c c 1970 1990 x , c -, w - c c c c, x, c.

    c c c . w cz z

    q c c ccz c . b b c bcc w c cc wc c c-c w, c , c c w cb -c b w .

    cc c cc -,

    w bc b w bccc w -c c

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    29/35

    Troubling Borders14

    b c c ( 2001, 149). ww , , b c cc b. b w,

    c c w -. w , , c c, cc

    w b c - . c , j c w b c w. b w c b b c w b c w c. c b B c w c w w w cc, w wc w b c w.

    M xc, w c -c . c c, c, . M , , w c b c,x, , bz, z. cb,w, c b c c b c. w. , c c bcc b b - . w xc x w b .

    F -, w . F , b c c b,

    w wc cz, w, c b. b c, w,w b c w c c. Bc c cc c, w cc .

    , w b, w w b w.

    F , w b c w w- w b , cc , x-, c, c, b , c, c. c cc w w x q c; w w c x q cc c c. x c w , w x c . c cc, c w cc, w

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    30/35

    15 Introduction

    b c . b c b b b , w b b b c cc , c, c , w - c.

    c c b c c, , . c x wwc , c c, -, x, w c c . c c cx w w c b, w w c b b. w bb ccx c c c

    w w cb. q w .

    F b c x c cz Mxc

    b bw w, -c 1898 bq -c (18991902),wc c 1903. I w c, F j C, J, Mxc c b, w b c -c. Rbc

    I c 1946, cc w .. c,w b . . 1946, F/ w c , w, w .. . Fw 1965 I c, c b w b. I c c,

    w, -c b, c , b b .

    c q c xc , c,

    b c, - c b , c w c c c c C c. xc F b c wb cc c.

    II, C w Cw x . I Fc Fcc x Ic w - .

    E , wc

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    31/35

    Troubling Borders16

    b cz, w

    b j b. bc, , xz z cc c cc c (E 2000, 231).

    F b, bb Cb w c z, c C Dcc Rbc w b

    w Rbc b w c.D , c M w. I b. F 1966 1974, C Ic c -x b , w c w w, c c w b w w . ,

    w ww c c c (Fjw 2007,289). c c Cb - R , wc bc b w Cb c c.

    1975, c w z b c, w , E, c.

    b 150,000 , w w c w c , Cc c b

    w , c, , c , 1975 w w w . , 1.7 c . Bc .. Cb w , w, x 800 c 4,600 w b Cb 1975. B , cc .. b, b 1976, 30,000 . w 30c 40 c (B 2007, 14649).

    O cqc c c w c cc bc x c . b b c . c c bq w c cc-, x b w c c (B 2006).

    , Cb, , w , c F/, , .Cb c w b R c. c c, wc c.

    x cc b c, wc

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    32/35

    17 Introduction

    z b b c b (B 2007, 154). c b Cb , w-c b, cc wc w, cc

    cc . b c cb b. B c b F/ c,

    w w c c , b Cb, , c, w c b

    c w c b c c .

    G , w wc w c c M E c. I 1997, B, Ib , b jc, b

    w b w b Cb, , c w; w c c w cc w. , B c cc cc. w w c w z c c c.

    w, c c w- c, -c c c. M w

    c, c c c c, x c . b , C, E, c c b b b b .

    c c c. I w 1990 c - b c

    c . bc c

    b. c , bc cc w,w b xc w cc w - , c w O, , . b c - b c c cc b cb c ( 2007, 3738). c cc w 1980 c c c w b c cc ( 2007, 54).

    c w cc, c w b .. c,

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    33/35

    Troubling Borders18

    c b cc. b c, x, c czb cc c c c. C c c c c c, w , -

    b E . c b cc .

    c c b c b w c . c c b x b : w , w c c (C,G, 2008, x), c c- w b c c b E c. w w w c 1965 I c 1975 c c c w c c c ,c w c ccc w c. c w c , cc - cz, c, c.

    cc c w c c w c w

    w. c b, bw, , w b cc c w c c c cc- c. M c , w b b cc c b, c c c c c b.

    b c cc bjc ,w. I c c-c w c w c

    c w, , q c, b z w c c- c ( 2006, 1).

    b w b , , b wc -w c, b cc, c [;] . . . b c w c cw b (b.). Ec cb b c bjcc w w c cb b.I w w c c c w c w. I , , , , c c, c

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    34/35

    19 Introduction

    REFERENCES

    m d f Clf, d.

    1989.Making Waves: An Anhology of

    Wriings by and abou Asian American

    Women. : c .

    k, Cl L., , d Dll

    t Hdl. 2006. u

    : L, Cmbd d Tld.

    Te New Americans: A Guide oImmigraion since 1965, dd b

    M d Rd d.

    Cmbd, M: Hd

    .

    . 2007. T f :

    mm, Rfu, d Nw

    mc fm u .

    Conemporary Asian America: A

    Mulidisciplinary Reader. Nw Yk

    d Ld: Nw Yk

    .

    Cb, Nck, d. 1995. Reurning a

    Borrowed ongue: An Anhology of

    Filipino and Filipino American Poery.

    Mpl, MN: C Hu

    .

    Cbll, d. 1996. T Exc

    pc f Culul l.

    ranslaion, Power, Subversion, ddb Rm lz d M. Cm-

    fc Vdl (ldlp:

    Mullul Mt, 1996).

    C, Gd, Mk J, d ul

    Klm, d. 2008.Asian American

    Ar: A Hisory, 1850 1970. fd,

    C: fd .

    Dluz, Gll, d Flx Gut. 1983.

    Ani-Oedipus: Capialism and

    Schizophrenia. ld b Rb

    Hul, Mk m, d Hl R.

    L, w pfc b Mcl

    Fucul. Mpl: f

    M .

    -, , cc , . . . c c w cc - b (M-z 2005, 18, 10, 23). O wc b

    c . R c cx, w c c c x wbc c cc , c , c .

    cz c x ww b .c w, w cc

    w w c w . b c c xc - w c , w . I w c c b c b c. w w c c w x-. B b wb b b , c, b b w b cc bc w .

  • 7/23/2019 Troubling Borders: An Anthology of Art and Literature by Southeast Asian Women in the Diaspora

    35/35

    Troubling Borders20

    . 1986. K: oward a Minor

    Lieraure (Teory and Hisory of

    Lieraure). Mpl:

    f M .

    El, C. 2000.Maneuvers: Te

    Inernaional Poliics of MiliarizingWomens Lives. kl:

    f Clf .

    Fujw, L. 2007. M wu

    Czp: mm d

    Rfu N d

    Hu lf Rfm.

    Conemporary Asian America: A

    Mulidisciplinary Reader. Nw Yk

    d Ld: Nw Yk

    .

    Gbl, m H. 1993. Ru d

    : wd Lu f

    Mm. Oherness and he Media:

    Te Ehnography of he Imagined and

    he Imaged, dd b Hmd Nc

    d m H. Gbl. Cu,

    wzld: Hwd cdmc

    ubl.

    Km, El, M Mcd, d Mz, d. 2003. Fresh alk/Daring

    Gazes: Conversaions on Asian

    American Ar. kl: f

    Clf .

    Km, El H., Ll V. Vllu, d

    m d f Clf,

    d. 1997.Making More Waves: New

    Wriing by Asian American Women.

    : c .

    Km, Jd. 2010. Te Ends of Empire: AsianAmerican Criique and he Cold War.

    Mpl: f

    M .

    Lf, d. 1998. l

    cc() d Ccul f

    Culul Cpl: m d

    El. Consrucing Culures:

    Essays on Lierary ranslaion, dd

    b u t d d

    Lf. ldlp: Mullul

    Lm, l Gk-l, d C Lk

    Cu, d. 2000. iling he Coninen:

    Souheas Asian American Wriing.

    Md, MN: Nw R .

    Lm, l Gk-l, d Mum

    ukw. 1989. Te Forbidden Sich:An Asian American Womens

    Anhology. Cll, R: Clx

    k.

    Mcd, M. 2008. Unsetled Visions:

    Conemporary Asian American Ariss

    and he Social Imaginary (Objecs/

    Hisories). Dum, NC: Duk

    .

    M-uzuk, . 2005. Te Pas wihin

    Us: Media, Memory, Hisory. Nw

    Yk d Ld: V k.

    Nkm Dd, Ld. 2012.

    c f Cl d

    Empwm: T mc

    m c,

    1989 . Enering he Picure:

    Judy Chicago, he Fresno Feminis Ar

    Program, and he Collecive Vision of

    Women Ariss, dd b Jll Fld.Nw Yk: Ruld.

    , Lu. 2007. cll

    d, Fm Ccm, d

    u ud. Knowing

    Souheas Asian Subjecs, dd b

    Lu J. . tl: f

    .

    Ymd, , d. 2002. Virual

    Lous: