Tropical Cyclones Chapter 11 Meteorology 1010 Professor Bunds Utah Valley University.
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Tropical Cyclones Chapter 11 Meteorology 1010 Professor Bunds Utah Valley University
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Transcript of Tropical Cyclones Chapter 11 Meteorology 1010 Professor Bunds Utah Valley University.
Tropical CyclonesChapter 11
Meteorology 1010Professor Bunds
Utah Valley University
Tropical Cyclone Naming, Paths and Seasons
typhoonshurricanes
cyclones
Paths of All Tropical Cyclones 1985 - 2005
Hurricane Air Flow
Upper Level Hurricane Air Flow
Hurricane Rankings
Saffir-SimpsonCategory
Maximum sustained wind speed
Minimum
surface pressure
Storm surge
mph m/s kts mb ft m
1 74-95 33-42 64-82greater
than 9803-5 1.0-1.7
2 96-110 43-49 83-95 979-965 6-8 1.8-2.6
3 111-130 50-58 96-113 964-945 9-12 2.7-3.8
4 131-155 59-69 114-135 944-920 13-18 3.9-5.6
5 156+ 70+ 136+less
than 92019+ 5.7+
Hurricane Formation
• Powered largely by warm water• Hurricanes are most common late summer
to fall – ‘hurricane season’– Varies by region
• Weaken over land– Usually weaken as they approach coastline
also
• Form near but not over equator, given proper conditions (next slide)
Ingredients for Hurricane Formation
• Warm water – at least 80oF• Relatively cool air at altitude• Relatively moist air at moderate altitude (3
miles up)• At least 300 miles from the equator• Little wind shear between surface and upper
air (6 miles up)• Divergence aloft• A trigger – e.g., big thunderstorms
Hurricane Hazards
• Storm Surge– On average, the biggest threat to life and
property
• Winds
• Flooding from extreme precipitation– Can cause major problems far inland
Galveston Hurricane, 1900> 10,000 fatalities,
worst natural disaster in U.S.
history
Storm Surge
Tropical Cyclone Winds & Storm Surge
Hurricane Ike Storm SurgeSeptember 2008
Hurricane IvanHurricane Ivan10 am Friday
Link to visible loop
Hurricane Ivan 1:45pm Thursday
Hurricane Ivan 1:45pm Thursdaylink to infrared loop
Hurricane Ivan 9:45pm
Friday
Hurricane Ivan 9:45pm
Fridaylink to infrared loop
Link to visible loop Link to IR loop
Ivan, 9.15.04 11:15 am EDT
Ivan, 9.15.04 10:45 am EDT
Mississippi Delta
Mississippi River Delta
Active Lobe
~ 500 years oldMississippi ‘wants’ to follow course of
Atchafalaya River
Ivan, 9.17.04 4:15 pm EDT
Hurricane Ike Storm SurgeSeptember 2008
Path of hurrican and locations of tidal gauges that recorded storm surge, as shown on following slides
This and following photos are of Galveston, TX, and nearby areas
Houston, TX
High Island, Texas
Gilchrist, Texas
Orange, Texas
