Developed by: Merrick, Richards Updated: August 2003 U1-m4-s1 Trophic Relationships.
Trophic relationships
description
Transcript of Trophic relationships
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Trophic relationships
Feeding roles in streams
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Aquatic insects categorized:
• Food type and how food is obtained
• Feeding guilds = functional groups
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Base of trophic relationship
• Productivity from?
• Microbial loop:– Fungi, bacteria– Use dissolved organic carbon (DOC)– Passed to protozoans, etc.
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Invertebrate consumers
• Food resources: – Periphyton– Macrophytes– Detritus– Animals
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Feeding roles
• Shredders– Leaves, associated microbiota (CPOM)– Chewing
– Trichoptera, Plecoptera, Diptera
CPOM = > 1 mm
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Feeding Roles
• Suspension feeder / filterer-collector– FPOM and microbiota– Sloughed periphyton– Use setae, nets, etc.
– Net-spinning Trichoptera, Simuliidae, Ephemeroptera
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Feeding Roles
• Deposit feeder / collector-gatherer– FPOM and microbiota– Browse, collect on surface, burrow
– Ephemeroptera, Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae
FPOM = < 0.5 mm
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Feeding Roles
• Grazer– Periphyton (mostly diatoms) by scraping– Macrophytes by piercing
– Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera
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Feeding Roles
• Predator– Animals– Biting, piercing
– Odonata, Megaloptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera
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Terrestrial
Stream
CPOM
DOMLeaching
Microbes
Shredders
Feces FPOM
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FPOM consumers
• Suspension and deposit feeders– Many adaptations for filtering– Philopotamidae caddisfly spins net
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FPOM consumers
• Suspension feeder– Black fly larvae = Simulidae
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FPOM consumers
• Deposit feeder = collector-gatherer– Some in sediments, some forage
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Consumers of autotrophs
• Grazers, piercers– Graze periphyton– Scraping mouthpart adaptations– Water penny beetle larva Psephenus
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Consumers of autotrophs
• Another grazer– Mayfly Stenonema– Brush algae, then collect it
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Predators
• Most engulf prey entire or in pieces; others have piercing mouthparts
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Problems with trophic classification
• Diet shifts with age and size
• Many very young invertebrates feed on fine detritus, then change
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