TRITICALE: TODAY AND TOMORROW

Developments in Plant Breeding

VOLUME 5

Triticale: Today and Tomorrow

Edited by

HENRIQUE GUEDES-PINTO Departamento de Genetica e Biotecn%gia, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

NORMAN DARVEY Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Cobbity, Australia

and

VALDEMAR P. CARNIDE Departamento de Genetica e Biotecnologia, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress

ISBN-13:978-94-010-6634-1' e-ISBN-13:978-94-o09-0329-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0329-6

Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

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All Rights Reserved © 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996

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Contents

List of Referees xiii

List of Sponsors XIV

Welcome and Network Information - Norman Darvey

I - Triticale: Today and Tomorrow Triticale: present status and challenges ahead - George Varughese 13 Triticale - today and tomorrow - Rolf Schlege 21 Marketing - Dilemma or Dream - Cristopher Green 33 How Germany became the number 3 in the triticale world and why I am confident about the future development - Peter Kruse 41 The verdict in triticale - The case for - Kath Cooper 45 The verdict of triticale - A critical view - Tamas Lelley 49 Tritordeum: triticale's new brother cereal - Antonio Martin, C. Martinez-Araque, D. Rubiales, J Ballesteros 57 A retrospection on triticale - Enrique Sanchez-Monge 73 Less known studies on triticale in central and Eastern Europe - Anton Tanjsek and Ivan Kreft 83

II - Cytogenetics Triticale genomic and chromosome's history - Nicolas Jouve and Consuelo Soler 91 Control of nucleolar expression in triticale - J Perry Gustafson and R. B. Flavell 119 Expression of lR rDNA loci in triticale: genetic and developmental controls -Wanda Viegas, M Silva, N. Neves, A. Castilho, A. Bariio, A. Queiroz, Heslop-Harrison, L. Morais-Cecilio, L. Amado, M Delgado and Vitor Carvalho 127 The expression of nucleolus organizer regions (Nors) in bread wheat x rye hybrid lines carrying a lRS/lBL chromosome translocation - JP. Silva, R. Vieira, N. Jouve and T. Mello-Sampayo 135 Can bread-making quality be introduced into hexaploid triticale by whole-chromosome manipulation? - E. Kazman and T. Lelley 141 Intergenomic interaction in wheat x rye hybrids non-additive expression of gliadins and isozymes - Victor Carvalho,and W. Viegas 149 Comparative analysis of telomeric heterochromatin of rye chromosomes in rye and triticale by fish - Angeles Cuadrado and Nicolas Jouve 155 Production and fertility of hexaploid primary triticales - G. Kleijer and A. Fossati 165

VI

Study of hybrids between 2n=6x=42 and 2n=6x=42 triticale forms. I. investigations in F 2 - Stoyan M Tsvetkov 173 Tetraploid triticale from Aegilops squarrosa L. x Secale L. spp. - A. Cabrera, D. Rubiales, J. Ballesteros and A. Martin 179 Molecular cytogenetics analysis of triticale x tritordeum F 1 hybrids - Jose Lima-Brito, Pat Heslop-Harrison and Henrique Guedes-Pinto 183 Different chromosome combinations on tetra-and hexaploid level from hybrids of tetraploid rye x tetraploid triticale - Barbara Apolinarska 189 Cytological analysis of F 1 Aegilops hybrids with Triticosecale - D. Gruszecka, C. Tarkowski, G. Stefanowska and K Marciniak 195 C-banding characteristics of rye chromosomes in winter hexaploid triticale crossed with maize (Zea mays) - Maria Rogalska Stanislawa 203 Cytological disorders in hexaploid triticale (Triticosecale Wittmack). Association and stability between two indexes - A. Juarez, A. Ordonez, R. Maich and D. Manero De Zumelzu 207 Gelelectrophoretic gliadin patterns of euplasrnic and alloplasmic primary triticale and the corresponding wheat parents - Thomas Gunther, Claus-Ulrich Hesemann and Gitta Oettler 211 Development of a dominant male-sterile triticale (Ms3) for recurrent selection and hybrid seed production - S. Venkatanagappa and N. L. Darvey 217 Cms system in hexaploid triticale - Roman Warzecha, Krystyna Salak-Warzecha and Zygmunt Staszewski 225 Genetic control of non-starch polysaccharides in wheat rye addition lines-Malgorzata Cyran 233

In - Germplasm Triticale germplasm: a basic tool for plant breeding - B. Skovmand, W Pfeiffer and G. Varughese 243 The contribution of rye germplasm towards cereal improvement - A. Mujeeb-Kazi, Mdhm William, RL. Villareal, RJ. Pena, S. Rajaram, MN. Islam-Faridi, L. Gilchrist and G. Varughese 253 Assembly and analysis of a North American triticale genetic resource collection -Calvin 0. Qualset, B.J. Furman, J. Heaton, B. Skovmand and D. Wesenberg 261 Establishment of a network for genetic resources - Norman L. Darvey, G. Oettler and D. WH Pfeiffer 269 Dwarfmg genes of wheat and rye and its expression in triticale - Andreas Borner and Jens Plaschke 275 Transfer of genes Rht 1, Rht 2, and Rht 3 from wheat to triticale - C. Tarkowski, D. Gruszecka, J. Bichta and K Kowalczyk 281 Behaviour of triticale germplasm selected at ENMP by introgression of winter genes on spring genotypes - B. Mar;iis, J. Coutinho, F. Bagulho, C. Gomes and N Pinheiro 285

Variation of some physiological and spike characters affecting the reproductive behaviour of introgressive triticale lines with T. monococcum genetic

Vll

information - W Sodkiewicz and M Tomczak 291 Biological potential of triticale germplasm (X Triticale M.) and its utilization in breeding - RychtfIrik Julius 299 The analysis of heretability and combining ability of the protein content in triticale - Sun Yuanshu and Zhang Yuqing 309 Evaluation of the triticale breeding materials with respect to their reaction to fungal diseases - Stanislaw Wegrzyn, Anna Strzembicka, Helena Grzesik and Zojia Gajda 315 Facultative triticale: hydroponic evaluation of doubled haploids with superior mid-generation progenies - A. Arzani and NL. Darvey 321

IV - Biotechnology Biotechnology for basic studies and breeding of triticale - J Zimny and H Lorz 327 RFLP markers and their applications in cereal breeding - Katrien M Devos and Mike D. Gale 339 Somaclonal variation detected on the molecular level in the mitochondrial genomes of regenerated primary CMS Triticale plants - R. Weigel, TH Stoesser, M Wolf, M Stierle and C-U Hesemann 349 Investigations on morphogenic suspension cultures initiated from mature embryos in triticale - F. J Maier, G. Gettler and C-U Hesemann 357 Response of mature triticale embryos to aluminium-toxic callus induction media -Cs. Gaus, G. Gettler and C-U Hesemann 365 Plant regeneration an in vitro selection of triticale - G. Kleijer, NN Diop and A. Fossati 373 Induction of haploids in triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) by crossing it with corn (Zea mays) - Stanislawa, Maria Rogalska, J Cybulska-Augustyniak and Wojciech Mikulski 379 Endosperm protein of androgenetic double-haploid lines of 6x-triticale - Juan Manuel Gonzalez, Ana Fuertes, Nicolas Jouve and Sylvie Bernard 383 Positive effect of Timopheevi cytoplasm on anther culture response of triticale -A. Arzani and NL. Darvey 391 Genetic control of anther culture induction in triticale - L.N Kaminskaya, L. V Kotyljova and S.N Matveenko 395 Callus formation and the culturability of inflorescence primordia of the mutant triticales - Gallia Butnaru 401

Isozyme and endosperm protein markers in the determination of chromosomal constitution in X Triticosecale Wittmack - Pilar Rubio Nicolas Jouve Consuelo Soler and Angeles Bernardo ' '409

viii

v - Abiotic Stresses Stress tolerance in newer triticales compared to other cereals - Robin S. Jessop 419 High levels of salt tolerance revealed in triticale - Robert MD. Koebner and P.K. Martin 429 Aluminum tolerance in triticale, wheat and rye - Augusto C Baier, D.J Somers and lP. Gustafson 437 Screening cultivars for aluminium tolerance - Ana Maria Antunes, Jose Pereira and M Antonieta Nunes 445 Screening methods for aluminium tolerance in seedlings of triticale - D. Morath, G. Gettler and A.E. Melchinger 453 The variability of aluminium tolerance among triticale strains and cultivars bred in Poland- Andrzej Aniol 461 Seedling tolerance to aluminium in spring triticale from Poland and CIMMTY -Budzianowski G., W Mackowiak, K. Paizert and B. Apolinarska 467 Changes in pH of the root medium produced by cultivars of triticale - Ana Maria Antunes, Jose Pereira and M Antonieta Nunes 475 Aluminum toxicity and protein synthesis in near isogenic lines of Triticum aestivum L. differing in aluminum tolerance - Daryl J Somers, Keith G. Briggs and 1 Perry Gustafson 481 Responses of triticale anJ wheat to hypoxia - 1 W Johnson and B. Huang 489

VI - Diseases Triticale diseases - a review - Edward Arseniuk 499 Screening for fusarium scab resistance in triticale - Mariana Ittu, GH Ittu and NN Saulescu 527 Inheritance of head resistance of winter triticale to Phaeosphaeria nodorum -Henryk Wos 535 Evaluation of new winter octoploid triticales for their reaction to single and combined infections with bydv and Typhula ishikariensis Imai - B. Bizimungu, J Collin, CA. ST-Pierre and A. Comeau 541 Evaluation of selection criteria for tolerance to Fusarium graminearum in triticale - Rebeca M Gonzalez, Castrejon CA. and Eulalio Venegas Gonzalez 549 Resistance of triticale to root lesion nematode in south Australia - V A. Vanstone, M Farsi, A. 1 Rathjen and K. V Cooper 557

VII - Triticale Breeding

Breeding strategies for triticale - Augusto C Baier, J Perry Gustafson 563 Triticale: potential and research status of man-made cereal crop - W H Pfeiffer 571 Semidwarf winter triticale - Tadeusz Wolski and Jaroslaw Gryka 581 Developing Spring and winter triticale with reduced-awn expression - Don F. Salmon, lH Helm and P.E. ledel 589

ix

Outcrossing in winter triticale, measured by occurence of tall plants - W Sowa and HKrysiak 593 Estimates of combining ability for some traits in triticale - Stanislaw Wegrzyn, Helena Grzesik 597 Effect of low nitrogen input on agronomic traits in triticale - Gitta Gettler 603 Genetic variation, G*E interactions and selection response for hagberg falling number in triticale - L. Jestin and H Bonhomme 609 Preharvest sprouting resistance in triticale: preliminary results - G. Haesaert and A. De Baets 615 Facultative triticale: comparison of local and CIMMYT germplasm in hidroponics and field conditions -A. Arzani and NL. Darvey 623 An attempt at tetraploid triticale improvement - Boguslaw Lapinski, Barbara Apolinarska, Grzegorz Budzianowski, Malgorzata Cyran and Maria Rakowska 627 Some remarks on triticale breeding evolution in Portugal. a) Role played by the National Plant Breeding Station - Francisco Bagulho, M T. Barradas, B.Mar;as and J Coutinho 635 Triticale research and breeding programmes in France: recent developments -Bernard M, Bernard S, Bonhomme H, Faurie c., Gay G. and L. Jestin 643 Triticale breeding in Switzerland - A. Fossati, D. Fossati and G. Kleijer 649 Crop management of triticale in Belgium - G. Haesaert, J Latre and A. de Baets 655 Triticale breeding in Fundulea - Romania - GH Ittu and NN Saulescu 663 Breeding triticale for the south western cape - HS Roux and G.F. Marais 669 Registration of three new triticale varieties: Crato, Arruda and Alter - J Coutinho, B. Mar;as"F. Bagulho, M Conceir;iio Gomes and JCoco 675 Characterization of lamb-2 a new triticale variety for the highly variable moisture situation of central Mexico - Rebeca M Gonzalez Iniguez and W H Pfeiffer 679

VIII - Regional Trials and Crop Management Adaptation of triticale to Southern Brazil - Augusto Carlos Baier 687 Triticale at high latitudes in Alberta Canada - D.F. Salmon, VS Baron, JG. Mcleod and JH Helm 693 Regional trials on triticale - National list - Ana Paula A. Cruz de Carvalho 701 Quantitative and qualitive components of eleven greek triticale cultivars (X Triticosecale Wittmack) compared to cv. "Vergina" (T. aestivum L. em. Thell.) -D.M Gogas, N Triantaphilakos, S Stratilakis, S GeorgiadiS, T. Avramidis, G. Skipitaris, H Kartitsi, H Tsivopulu and I Eystathiu 709 Triticale in Morocco: a promising crop - M Mergoum 719 Performance of drira out-cross of triticale - SK Yau 725 Triticale cultivation for diversifying and stabilizing a wheat dominated agro-ecosystem - G.S Dhindsa and Jaswinder Singh 731

x

Some physiological features of triticale and their consequences on crop managment in France - Georges Laroche and Gate Philippe 737 Succesive effect of herbicides on triticale seeds germination and plant growth -Slawomir Stankowski and Robert Maciorowski 743 Comparative weed supression by triticale, cereal rye and wheat - D. Lemerle and K Cooper 749

IX - Triticale Uses Factors affecting triticale as a food crop - Roberto J. Pena 753 Triticale malting - an evaluation of characteristics and production - M L. Bairiio da Costa and M J. Cabo Verde 763 Relationship between the pentosans of triticale flour and bread loaf volume - M Cyran and M Rakowska 771 Rheological and biochemical properties of meal from winter triticale varieties in connection with the resistance to preharvest germination - Stanislav Grib, Mikhail Shishlov and Natalia Shishlova 779 Environmental and genotypical influences on triticale grain quality in Northeast of Portugal - J. S. Oliveira, Benilde Mendes, Ana Fernando, Rui Fernandes, H Guedes-Plnto, 0. Pinto-Carnide, V. Carnide, Bruno de Sousa, F. Cabral and J. Baieta 785 Concentrations of minerals in the grains of a high-and a low-protein winter triticale - D. Fossati, A. Fossati and B.Feil 793 Breadmaking quality in tritordeum: the use-possibilities of a new cereal - Juan B. Alvarez and Luis M Martin 799 Influence of feeding growing-finishing pigs triticale, wheat or maize based diets on reSUlting carcass composition, and on taste and quality characteristics of pork- JH Brendemuhl, R.o. Myer and D.D. Johnson 807 Synthetic amino acid supplementation of triticale and wheat based diets for growing-finishing pigs - R.o. Myer, JH Brendemuhl and R.D. Barnett 813 Nutritive value and feed efficiency of broiler diets containing different levels of triticale - El-Yassin Fayez, Haj-Omar Nedal and Abboud Mousa 819 Evaluation of triticale as a forage plant through the analysis of the cinetic of some qualitative parameters from stem elongation to maturity - S. Bocchi, G. Lazzaroni and T Maggiore 827 Effect of the seeding rate on forage yield and quality of triticale - V. Carnide, H Guedes-Pinto, A. Mascarenhas-Ferreira and C. Sequeira 835 Aptitute of spring and winter triticales for dual-purpose (forage and grain) in mediterranean conditions - Conception Royo, E. Penella, F. TriM and J.L. Molina-Cano 843 The effects of sowing date on the growth and yield of dual-purpose and grazing triticales under cool Australian conditions - J. A. Agyare, R. L. Wright and R.S. Jessop 851

Xl

Development of triticale as a forage crop and grain feed in Algeria - A. Benbelkacem and Ali. Zeghida 859 Prospects of triticale as a dual purpose crop - J Singh, G.s. Dhindsa, G.s. Nanda and R.K Balta 867 Apical development in triticale grown for dual purpose in a mediterranean environment - A. Boujenna, JM Ramos, JA. Yanez and L.F. Garcia Del Aforal 873 Triticale as forage in China - Y.S. Sun, Z. Y. Wang, L. Hai, xz. Chen and Y. Xie 879 Winter triticale: a roughage source for wintering range cows? - Afathias F. Kolding and Robert J Afetzger 887

Index 889

LIST OF THE REFEREES

DoN SALMON - Field Crop Development Centre, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development,

Bag#47, Lacombe, Alberta, TOC ISO, Canada.

EUGENE E. SAARI- CIMMYT, P. O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal.

GITTA OETTLER - University of Hohenheim, State Plant Breeding Institute, D-70593 Stuttgart,

Gennany.

HENRlQUE GUEDES-PINTO - Departamento de Gent!tica e Biotecnologia, Universidade de Tras-os­

-Montes e Alto Douro, Apdo. 202, 5001 Vila Real Codex, Portugal.

J. C. McLEOD - Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, SK, S9H 3X2,

Canada.

KATHERINE COOPER - The University of Adelaide, Department of Plant Science, Waite Campus, Glen

Osmond 5064, South Australia.

NORMAN DARVEY - University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbity NSW 2570, Australia.

PERRY GUSTAFSON - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, PGRU,

University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.

P.J. KALTSIKES - Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Plant Breeding and Biometry,

Athens, Greece, 11855.

ROBIN JESSOP - University of New England, Department of Agronomy and Soil Science, Annidale,

NSW 2351, Australia.

VALDEMAR CARNIDE - Departamento de Genetica e Biotecno\ogia, Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e

Alto Douro, Apdo. 202, 5001 Vila Real Codex, Portugal.

SPONSORS

Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (CIMMYT)

EUCARPIA

Funda9ao Calouste Gulbenkian

International Triticale Association (ITA)

Junta Nacional de Investig~ao Cientlfica e Tecno16gica (JNlCT)

SEMUNDO

Universidade de Tnis-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UT AD)