Trinity College Dublin 2016

Rethinking Resource Recovery

From Wastewater

An Appetizer Arne Backlund Backlund ApS www.backlund.dk www.facebook.com/backlund.aps www.researchgate.net/profile/Arne_Backlund

www.linkedin.com/in/arnebacklund

http://www.iwa-network.org/downloads/1440858039-web%20State%20of%20the%20Art%20Compendium%20Report%20on%20Resource%20Recovery%20from%20Water%202105%20.pdf

- RECOVERY OF RESOURCES

FROM WATER STATE OF THE ART

- INTRODUCTION

- DEMAND, REGULATION AND

POLICY AND SOCIAL ASPECTS - INNOVATION, ADOPTION

AND GOOD EXAMPLES

- CONCLUSIONS, FUTURE TRENDS

AND THE ROLE OF THE IWA

CLUSTER

Ancient Rome versus

Ancient China & Japan

Arne Backlund

Present Human Organized Metabolism

- Open-Flow System

- Premised on Nature as Indefinite

- Exhausting its Sources of

Nourishment

- Without Paying its Bills

Could Human Beings in Politics

Reorganize Humanity in Nature

& Nature in Humanity?

Main Objectives of Sustainable Sanitation

•To Reduce Health Risks related to Sanitation,Contaminated Water and Waste

•To Prevent Pollution of Surface and Ground Water

•To Prevent Degradation of Soil Fertility

•To Optimise Closing the Loop of Human Excreted Nutrients, Organic Material and The Water Cycle Considering Energy & CO2 Balances

•Economically and Ecologically Sustainable and

Culturally Acceptable Systems

Experienced Problems From Rural Area

Work In Eastern Germany 1989 - 1993

•High Subsidies Building CWWTP

•Very High Subsidies Establishing Sewers - Up To 95 %

•Costs - Up to Euro 50000 to Connect one House

•”HOAI” 10 % of Total Cost

•Mastering the Art of Tendering

•PPP ”Betreibermodelle” & ”Kooperationsmodelle”

•Not Supporting Innovation & Visions about Ecological

& Economical Sustainable Sanitation

My Way - Innovative Production and Waste

Reducing Handling Systems in

Garnment Industri

Tentative Holistic Reflection

•We Can´t Solve Problems by Using More of

the Same Kind of Thinking (Paradigm) we Used

Creating Them!

•Conventional Waste Water Solution – with

Mixing & Dilution – Best Solution to Polution?

•Why do Human Beings with Two Outlets

Design and Use Toilets with Only One Inlet?

•When the Solution is Simple,

God is Answering!

Flow or Stream of Material

•Human urine contributes to about

80 % of the load of N and 50 % of

the P load of conventional domestic

wastewater

•Human Urine treated conventional

requires large amounts of energy

producing problematic sludge

Flow or Stream of Materials

•We Excrete most of the Nutrients we

Consume

•Human Urine contributes with only 1

% of the Volume of Household

Wastewater but contains 80 % of N, 55

% of P and 60 % of K and less than 0.6

% of Cadmium and 0.06 % of Lead

Phosphorus

•One Person Excrete 1 KG P/year.

•0.7 KG in Urine and 0.3 KG in Faeces.

•Human Phosphorus Returned to Soil

Would Cover 80 % of P Demand

•In Agriculture Short of Phosphorus

Human Excreta could be a Golden

Opportunity.

•In 100 years Phosphorus Could Be Gone.

To Make Gold out of Human Urine

Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4

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Column 1

Column 2

Column 3• Mg/kg DM

• Mg/kg DM

• Mg/kg P

• Mg/kg N

1) The first urine product is urine stabilized by

nitrification and destillated resulting in

amonium nitrate + P + S with a final water

content of 4 %.

2) The second urine product is struvite

(MgNH4PO4*6H2O), which precipitates when

magnesium oxide is added to human urine.

Struvite is mainly a phosphorus fertilizer

3) The third urine product is ammonium sulphate,

where ammonia is stripped using sulphuric acid

Present research condensing human

urine-derived nutrients

Value from Urine - project details

• Title: Bio-electrochemically-assisted recovery of valuable resources from urine

• Project Acronym: ValuefromUrine

• Total Cost: 3.85 million €

• EC Contribution: 2.91 million €

• Duration: 48 months

• Start Date: 01-09-2012

• End date: 31-08-2016

• Consortium: 7 partners from 5 countries

Row 1 Row 2 Row 3 Row 4

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Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Cadmium in Irish & Swedish Soils Ireland Median values 0.33 mg/kg DM

5 % > 1.65 mg/kg DM

25% > 0.64 mg/kg DM

15% > EU Treshold limit = 0.8 mg/kg DM

Sludge Prohibited on soil > 1 mg/kg DM

Sweden Median values 0.19 mg/kg DM

5 % > 0.45 mg/kg DM

Soil Quality Limit Value 0.5 mg/kg DM

Sludge Prohibited on soil > 0.45 mg/kg DM

Cd in Human Bodies, Soil & Willow

WTI based on Kidney tollerance

2.5 microgram Cd/kg BW/W

Average Cd intake in Sweden

1 - 1.45 microgram Cd/kg BW/W

Swedish average agricultural soil 600 g Cd/ha

Cd in Willow steams 0.9 – 2.4 mg/kg DM

Cd removal 7.2 - 20 g/ha/year

Self-Experienced

A Way Out

http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publikationer/2003/87-7972-734-4/pdf/87-7972-

735-2.pdf

Manure and sludge allowed in

Danish Gardens

http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publikationer/2003/87-7972-734-4/pdf/87-7972-735-2.pdf

Human Urine from

Diverting ToiletsNot Allowed

As Fertilizer in Danish Gardens

A Way Out

BeerCycling ROSKILDE

FROM PISS TO PILSNER

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_j6oo1tq30

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r_rAakt1tWo

BeerCycling 54000 litres of Pee into 100000 litres of Pilsner 300000 botles

BeerCycling ROSKILDE FESTIVAL

FROM PISS TO PILSNER

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_j6oo1tq30

https://www.google.dk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=fra%20tis%20til%20pilsner%20undervisningsmateriale

Great secondary school educational

materials separate for teachers and

pupils

http://www.tv2lorry.dk/nyheder/26-08-2016/1930/fra-tis-til-ol?autoplay=1#player

BeerCycling

Harvesting malt barley fertilized with

human urine. Beer ready in 2017.

http://www.tv2lorry.dk/nyheder/26-08-2016/1930/fra-tis-til-ol?autoplay=1#player

BeerCycling ROSKILDE FROM PISS TO PILSNER

BeerCycling ROSKILDE FESTIVAL

FROM PISS TO PILSNER

BeerCycling ROSKILDE FROM PISS TO PILSNER

BeerCycling ROSKILDE FESTIVAL

FROM PISS TO PILSNER

76 m² 2Rooms 86 m² 3Rooms 98 m² 4 Rooms 112 m² 5 Rooms 126 m² 6 Rooms

90 Rowhouses

Permatopia, Karise Denmark

Permatopia, Karise Denmark

Permatopia, Karise Denmark

Permatopia, Karise Denmark

PERMATOPIA 90 Rowhouses

Please sit down and pee

Permatopia, Karise Denmark

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/10-families-have-donated-160000-litres-high-quality-liquid-backlund?trk=mp-author-card

Hyldespjældet, DK

10 EcoFlush +

5 x 3 m3 WW Containers

Copenhagen University

Testing Field Plots

Munksøgård, Roskilde, DK

100 apartments, 100 EcoFlush

+ in common houses

5 x 35 m3 WW containers

Møn Farming Museum

5 EcoFlush + 1 Waterless

Urinal- Møns Museum

Denmark

http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publikationer/2002/87-7972-355-1/pdf/87-7972-357-8.pdf

ØsterGro RoofTop Farmfarm

& Restaurant ”Stedsans”

Copenhagen

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/sustainable-sanitation-top-high-up-rooftop-

copenhagen-arne-backlund?trk=mp-author-card

Urine Containers & Composter

Willow Evapotranspiration System

MARJATTA Tappernøje Denmark

From the first known

”unknown” system

in 1991/1992 to best

known practice in

2016 Recommended

by Authorities in

Denmark for

Highest Demands

Zero Discharge Sanitation

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/worlds-first-oldest-known-on-site-zero-discharge-willow-

arne-backlund?trk=mp-author-card

Estimated 7000 – 8000 Households connected

Willow bed ready for planting april 2004

Sept. 2004 Willow are appr. 3 m tall February 2005

June 2005

Willows August 2005 second

growing season

4 m*38 m Bassin, 1.5 m Deep Møn, Denmark

Plant 1: 184 m2

Plant 2: 912 m2

Plant 3: 528 m2

Plant 4: 720 m2

Plant 5: 320 m2

Plant 6: 720 m2

Plant 7: 784 m2

Plant 8: 1.632 m2

Plant 9: udgår

Plant 10: 240 m2

Plant 11: 240 m2

Plant 12: 336 m2

Plant 13: 212 m2

Total 6.828 m2

Diverting WC

at school in

Visby Sweden

Reduced costs using WW & Sludge

application to EWSRP

•Reduces Demand for Chemical Fertilizers

•By far Most Important Public or Private Cost

Reduction - Allocating Nutrient Removal to EWSRP

•Cost kg N Conventional N-Removal Often 10 Times

Higher than kg N price of Chemical Fertilizer

•Primary Cost Reduction Potential related to

Establishment

•Multifunctional Potential related to Cd uptake

Municipality Task Set Up (Question/Demand)

50 % Reduction in N-Outlet to Enköping Stream

Using Alternatives To Conventional N-removal on

CWWTP.

Consultant Answer/Solution

•30 t N/y Removed by Fertilizing 80 ha Energy Willow

Plantation at Local Farm

•20 t N/y Removed by use of Stored & Hyginized

Sludge from Septic & Black Water Tanks + Small

WWTP on Local Energy Willow Plantations

•10 t/N/y Internal Reductions on CWWTP.

Enköping Municipality, Central WW Treatment

Plant, Central Heating Plant and Five Farmers

•System improving Closing Local Nutrient Loop from

WWTP and Single Households to EWSRP

•New Thinking (New Paradigm) about Interaction

Between Wastewater Handling, Agriculture and Energy

Production to Local CHP

•Good Co-Operation with Local Farmers Recycling

Nutrients from Wastewater Streams to Cultivated Soil

•Environmental Advantages

•Economical Advantages Distributed Between

Municipality, Energy Company and Local Farmers

Small steps towards a Metabolic

Shift reducing Metabolic Rift

Human Urine – Liquid Gold

High Quality Anthropogenic Nutrient Solution

from Stream Diverting Sustainable Sanitation

& Multifunctional Willow - Plant – Soil -

Systems Reducing among Other Metabolic

Disturbances caused by Cadmium

In Soil – Plant – Food & Human Body