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Tributyltin and Heavy Metal Survey in the Swan River Swan Yacht Club Sediment and Mussel Tissue Quality October 2007

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Tributyltin and Heavy Metal Survey in the Swan River

Swan Yacht Club Sediment and Mussel Tissue Quality

Prepared for

Swan River Trust

Prepared by

Oceanica Consulting Pty Ltd

October 2007

Report No. 581/2

Client: Swan River Trust Revisions history

DISTRIBUTION REVIEW Version Author

Recipients No. Copies & Format

Date Reviewer Date

Draft 1 S. Shute K. Hillman 1xHard Copy 15/8/07 K. Hillman 17/8/07

Draft 2 S. Shute L. Twomey Electronic 17/8/07 L. Twomey 27/8/07

Draft 3 S. Shute L. Twomey 1xHard Copy 17/9/07 L.Twomey K.Hillman

18/10/07

FINAL S. Shute L. Twomey Oceanica

2xHard Copy 2xHard Copy

31/10/07

Status This report is “Draft” until the author and director have signed it off for final release. A “Draft” report should not be used for any purpose other than to be reviewed with the intention of generating a “Final” version. Approved for final release:

Author Director Disclaimer This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of Swan River Trust, and is subject to and issued in accordance with the agreed terms and scope between Swan River Trust and Oceanica Consulting Pty Ltd. Oceanica Consulting Pty Ltd accepts no liability or responsibility whatsoever for it in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report by any third party. Copying this report without the permission of Swan River Trust or Oceanica Consulting Pty Ltd is not permitted. Cover Main image: Upper reaches of Swan River; Minor images: Single sediment core exhibiting Halophila ovalis seagrass, Swan Yacht Club (Oceanica Consulting); Pressure blasting, Swan Yacht Club (Oceanica Consulting). © Copyright 2007 Oceanica Consulting Pty Ltd

Oceanica: SRT: Swan Yacht Club Sediment and Mussel tissue quality i

Contents

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................v

1. Introduction......................................................................................................................1 1.1. Background ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Objectives ............................................................................................................................ 1

1.2.1. Task 1: Undertake a sampling program ............................................................ 1 1.2.2. Task 2: Analyse data against guidelines to determine risks to human

health and ecological health of the Swan River from TBT and heavy metals contamination.............................................................................................. 2

1.2.3. Task 3: Report on findings..................................................................................... 2 1.3. Potential contamination sources ................................................................................ 2

1.3.1. Heavy metals ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3.2. Tributyltin (TBT)....................................................................................................... 2

2. Sampling Design .............................................................................................................5 2.1. Sampling locations ........................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Site selection ...................................................................................................................... 5

3. Sediment Sampling and Analysis .............................................................................7 3.1. Sediment sampling........................................................................................................... 7 3.2. Sampling by Belleng VDM.............................................................................................. 7 3.3. Sediment analysis............................................................................................................. 7

4. Mussel Sampling and Analysis ..................................................................................9

5. Current status of tributyltin and metal contamination in the sediments of Swan River yacht clubs ...................................................................10 5.1. General characteristics................................................................................................. 10 5.2. Sediment particle size................................................................................................... 11 5.3. Metals .................................................................................................................................. 12

5.3.1. Belleng VDM sampling – adjacent to potential point sources ...................... 12 5.3.2. Oceanica sampling................................................................................................. 13

5.4. Tributyltin (TBT) ............................................................................................................. 14 5.4.1. Belleng VDM sampling – adjacent to potential point sources ...................... 15 5.4.2. Oceanica sampling – Batch 1 .............................................................................. 16 5.4.3. Oceanica sampling – Batch 2 .............................................................................. 18

5.5. Distribution of tributyltin (TBT) contamination ................................................. 18

6. Current status of tributyltin and metal contamination in mussels harvested within Swan River yacht clubs ...........................................................28 6.1. Metal concentrations in mussel flesh ..................................................................... 28 6.2. Tributyltin (TBT) concentrations in mussel flesh .............................................. 28

7. Discussion........................................................................................................................30 7.1. Sediment contamination .............................................................................................. 30

7.1.1. Metals ....................................................................................................................... 30

ii Oceanica: SRT: Swan Yacht Club Sediment and Mussel tissue quality

7.1.2. Tributyltin (TBT) .................................................................................................... 30 7.2. Mussel contamination ................................................................................................... 31

7.2.1. Metals ....................................................................................................................... 31 7.2.2. Tributyltin (TBT) .................................................................................................... 32

7.3. Management measures currently in place ........................................................... 34

8. Acknowledgements......................................................................................................35

9. References.......................................................................................................................36

List of Tables Table 3.1 Analytical methods and reporting limits for the sediment samples.................. 8 Table 5.1 Particle size analysis of sediment from single replicate (a) at each site ......... 11 Table 5.2 Concentrations of metals in sediments adjacent to potential contamination

sources ............................................................................................... 12 Table 5.3 Median concentrations of metals within Swan River Yacht Club sediments..... 13 Table 5.4 Concentrations of butyltins within sediments adjacent to potential

contamination sources........................................................................... 15 Table 5.5 Median concentrations of butyltins within Swan River Yacht Club

sediments............................................................................................ 16 Table 5.6 Concentrations of butyltins within Swan River Yacht Club sediments

(Batch 2)............................................................................................. 18 Table 6.1 Median mussel metals concentrations (µg/g wet weight) ............................ 28 Table 6.2 Median mussel organotin concentrations (highest recorded concentration

given in brackets) (ng Sn/g wet weight) .................................................. 28

List of Figures Figure 1.1 Conceptual diagram showing potential sources and sinks of TBT in the

Swan River ............................................................................................ 4 Figure 2.1 Swan River yacht club sites, and reference sites, sampled during this

study .................................................................................................... 5 Figure 5.1 Visible boundary between oxic and anoxic sediments ................................. 10 Figure 5.2 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Swan Yacht Club............. 19 Figure 5.3 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Aquarama Marina ........... 20 Figure 5.4 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding East Fremantle Yacht Club..... 21 Figure 5.5 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Royal Freshwater Bay

Yacht Club ........................................................................................... 22 Figure 5.6 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Claremont Yacht Club...... 23 Figure 5.7 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding Perth Flying Squadron

Yacht Club ........................................................................................... 24 Figure 5.8 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Royal Perth Yacht Club .... 25 Figure 5.9 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the South of Perth Yacht

Club ................................................................................................... 26 Figure 5.10 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Maylands Boatyard ......... 27 Figure 7.1 Inteceptor trap adjacent to hull wash-down area (South of Perth yacht

club)................................................................................................... 34 Figure 7.2 Inside interceptor trap........................................................................... 34

Oceanica: SRT: Swan Yacht Club Sediment and Mussel tissue quality iii

List of Appendices Appendix A Laboratory Reports – Sediment metals & TBT (Batch 1) Appendix B Laboratory Reports – Sediment TOC (Batch 1) Appendix C Laboratory Reports – Sediment metals & TBT (Batch 2) Appendix D Laboratory Reports – Mussel metals & TBT

Oceanica: SRT: Swan Yacht Club Sediment and Mussel tissue quality v

Executive Summary

Background to study In August to October 2006, preliminary investigations by Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) staff and SRT staff (DEC/SRT 2006) found elevated levels of the boat antifoulant ingredient tributyltin (TBT) and some metals (mainly copper and zinc) in the interceptors, slipways and outfalls of yacht clubs and marinas on the Swan River. As some of the readings were very high, the SRT commissioned Oceanica Consulting Pty Ltd (Oceanica) to undertake a scientifically-rigorous and current assessment of the TBT and heavy metal contamination from yacht clubs, marinas and slipping facilities along the Swan River, together with background levels within the Swan-Canning Estuary. TBT may enter the aquatic environment via the following ways: • Leaching from the hulls of large (>25 m in length) vessels; • Discharge or surface runoff following hull cleaning and maintenance practices; and • Flaking of old paint layers from vessel hulls (if hull not regularly maintained and TBT-

based paints still present on hull). Heavy metals present in antifouling paints (the majority are now copper-based) may also enter the aquatic environment via leaching/flaking from hulls and/or from hull cleaning and maintenance areas, but can enter from other sources including: • Stormwater; • Corrosion of submerged metal structures (jetty piles, sacrificial anodes, anchors etc); and • Following the dumping of rubbish within the river (discarded batteries, bicycles etc). TBT and heavy metal contamination in sediments and biota (mussels) was assessed at nine yacht clubs within the Swan River, with three reference site1 locations also sampled. Suspected contamination sources included slipways (which drain directly into the Swan River), hardstand areas (on which hull cleaning occurs and from which discharge pipes lead into the river), and stormwater drains. Sediment sampling sites were generally located to either side (along-shore) and offshore from the anticipated main contaminant source. In a separate but complementary exercise commissioned by the yacht clubs themselves, Belleng VDM undertook sediment sampling immediately adjacent to each potential contamination source. Several sites were nominated as proposed State of Environment sites (to be monitored into the future), and at these sites five replicate composite surface sediment samples were obtained. Three replicate samples were obtained from all other sites. A search of jetty piles adjacent to each proposed State of Environment site was also undertaken, to obtain mussel samples where possible. Results were interpreted using Environmental Quality Criteria developed for the State Environmental Policy (SEP) for Cockburn Sound, which is viewed by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) as a template for the assessment of coastal waters in Western Australia.

Results for sediments

Metals While elevated concentrations of copper and zinc were recorded within the sediment at a small number of sites immediately adjacent to the identified contamination sources, the concentrations of metals at the large majority of sites were below the appropriate Environmental Quality Guideline (EQG) Value for the maintenance of ecosystem integrity, indicating a low risk of adverse ecological effects.

1 Sites located within the Swan River well removed from yacht clubs

vi Oceanica: SRT: Swan Yacht Club Sediment and Mussel tissue quality

TBT TBT concentrations were below the EQG Value for TBT at all three reference sites, but the EQG Value was exceeded at the majority of yacht club sites, with the EQG Re-sampling Trigger also exceeded at eight sites (six clubs). Data indicate that TBT concentrations at some yacht club sites are likely to be causing adverse ecological effects. TBT was also the dominant form of butyltin recorded at the majority of sites, suggesting that either much of the contamination is relatively recent, or that the contamination is historic and being stored in ways/forms that slow the degradation of TBT (eg in anaerobic sediments2, and/or in the form of paint flakes).

Results for mussels

Metals The concentration of metals found in mussel flesh in this study were generally well below Environmental Quality Criteria for the maintenance of seafood safe for human consumption, indicating that in terms of the metals investigated during this study, mussels were safe for human consumption. In relative terms, zinc was present at the highest concentrations, probably due to its use on vessel hulls to prevent corrosion, its use on galvanised steel structures and its presence in stormwater.

TBT The concentrations of TBT found in mussel flesh in this study (each sample comprising 10-15 individual mussels combined and homogenised) were found to vary markedly both within each site and between sites, with samples from the Swan, East Fremantle and Perth Flying Squadron yacht clubs exhibiting the highest levels. Based on overseas research, the TBT concentrations in mussel flesh found in this study indicate that TBT inputs may be affecting mussel growth rates at the Swan Yacht Club, East Fremantle Yacht Club and Perth Flying Squadron. With respect to human health implications, based on the highest concentration of TBT recorded from mussel flesh in this study, an individual would need to consume only 43 g of mussel flesh (~6 mussels) collected from this site every day in order to reach the tolerable daily intake (TDI). The data from this study indicate that the consumption of mussels from most yacht club sites is unlikely to cause human health issues related to TBT content. Human health issues due to the consumption of mussels from jetty pylons at East Fremantle and Perth Flying Squadron yacht clubs are also unlikely (given that most people don’t eat mussels every day, nor would there be enough mussels to do this), but the TBT levels are sufficient to warrant further detailed health risk assessment to confirm this.

2 Sediments that lack oxygen

Oceanica: SRT: Swan Yacht Club Sediment and Mussel tissue quality 1

1. Introduction

1.1. Background The tidal reaches of the Swan and Canning Rivers are particularly popular for boating, and there are a number of yacht clubs and marinas sited along the river foreshore. Such areas – particularly if they have boat maintenance facilities and/or large numbers of moored boats - can be sources of contaminants such as metals and other boat antifoulant ingredients. The Swan River Trust (SRT) is responsible for planning, protecting and managing the Swan/Canning Estuary, and contaminant inputs from yacht clubs and marinas are a potential management issue that requires investigation. In August to October 2006, preliminary investigations by Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) staff and SRT staff (DEC/SRT 2006) found elevated levels of the boat antifoulant ingredient tributyltin (TBT) and some metals (mainly copper and zinc) in the interceptors, slipways and outfalls of yacht clubs and marinas on the Swan River. As some of the readings were very high, the SRT commissioned Oceanica Consulting Pty Ltd (Oceanica) to undertake a scientifically-rigorous and current assessment of the TBT and heavy metal contamination from yacht clubs, marinas and slipping facilities along the Swan River, together with background levels within the Swan-Canning Estuary.

1.2. Objectives The study comprised three tasks: 1. Undertake a sampling program; 2. Analyse data against guidelines to determine risks to human health and ecological

health of the Swan River from TBT and heavy metals contamination; and 3. Report on findings.

1.2.1. Task 1: Undertake a sampling program The objectives of the sampling program were to: • Collect sediment samples at sites within and close to nine yacht clubs/marinas, and at

several sites within the Swan/Canning Estuary that will provide information on ‘background’ levels of contaminants, and analyse for tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT), monobutyltin (MBT), trace metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead and zinc), total organic carbon and particle size distribution.

• Sampling and analysis to be undertaken in accordance with standards described in EPA (2005) and Simpson et al (2005) to verify and improve the accuracy of the data obtained from the 2006 preliminary investigation;

• Collect data in such a way to enable comparison of results against relevant human and ecological health guidelines;

• Document sufficient details of sampling and analysis methods so that the investigation can be replicated or expanded at a later stage, if needed; and

• Ensure that analysis is undertaken by laboratory(s) that are NATA accredited for the analytes and matrices in question.

In addition to the above tasks, the sampling of mussels from jetty pylons around some yacht clubs, for analysis of metals and TBT, was subsequently added to the objectives to better characterise human health risks. The design of the sampling program, and the sampling and analysis protocols to be used, were developed in a Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) (Oceanica 2007), which was reviewed and approved by the SRT.

2 Oceanica: SRT: Swan Yacht Club Sediment and Mussel tissue quality

1.2.2. Task 2: Analyse data against guidelines to determine risks to human health and ecological health of the Swan River from TBT and heavy metals contamination

Ecological health The results from Task 1 were interpreted with respect to the national ecological guidelines provided in ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000), to assess the likely effects on ecological health. ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000) provide Interim Sediment Quality Guideline–Lows (ISQG-Lows) and ISQH-Highs. The guidelines are based on measured effects in a wide range of sediments and provide a guide to likely impacts, but cannot be viewed as definitive. This is because natural sediment properties vary widely (including their ability to bind contaminants in biologically unavailable forms), and the same contaminant level can be no problem in one type of sediment but cause adverse ecological effects in another type of sediment. Values below ISQG-Lows indicate a very low risk of adverse ecological risk, values between ISQG-Lows and ISQG-Highs are occasionally associated with adverse ecological effects, and values above ISQG-Highs are often (but not always) associated with adverse ecological effects. The National guidelines have been adopted as Environmental Quality Guideline (EGQ) ‘Values’ (= ISQG-Lows) and EQG ‘Re-sampling triggers’ (= ISQG-Highs) for the assessment of sediments in local coastal waters under the State Environmental Policy (SEP) for Cockburn Sound, which is viewed by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) as a template for the assessment of coastal waters in Western Australia.

Human health As the program focussed on sediment analysis, NHMRC (2006) human health guidelines for contaminants in water quality were not directly applicable. Assessment of human health risks did, however, follow the principles in NHMRC (2006). The (human) Health Investigation Levels (HILS) in the State’s Draft Contaminated Sites Management Series Guidelines for Soil, Sediments and Water (DoE 2003) were also referred to: as HILs are only available for soils (not marine or estuarine sediments), they were used with appropriate caveats in any assessment of the likely effects on human health. The HILs used in this exercise were HILs-E, suitable for assessing “parks, recreational open space and playing fields, includes secondary schools”. Assessment of human health risks from the consumption of mussels was based on seafood guidelines for contaminants in the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (Commonwealth of Australia 2006). These have also been adopted as EQGs for local coastal waters under the SEP for Cockburn Sound.

1.2.3. Task 3: Report on findings The reporting component of the study is the subject of this report.

1.3. Potential contamination sources

1.3.1. Heavy metals Heavy metals may enter the aquatic environment from a variety of sources including stormwater, corrosion of submerged metal structures (jetty piles, sacrificial anodes, anchors etc), release from antifouling paints (the majority are now copper-based) and following the dumping of rubbish within the river (discarded batteries, bicycles etc).

1.3.2. Tributyltin (TBT) TBT enters the aquatic environment via two main routes: • Leaching from the hulls of large (>25 m in length) vessels. This is determined by the

volume of shipping using TBT antifouling paints and the vessels involved (eg their size, how recently antifoulant has been applied, how well maintained they are); and

• Hull cleaning and maintenance practices (including the re-application of fresh antifoulant). Hull cleaning can be carried out ‘in water’ (although this is not permitted within the Swan River), or in boat maintenance facilities on land. TBT from land-


based maintenance facilities can enter the marine environment, if contaminated wastes are not contained, by air (i.e. wind-blown paint flakes, or paint spray), site drainage or groundwater.

TBT may also contaminate waters following the resuspension of contaminated sediments or the shedding of paint flakes from vessels. These potential sources of TBT contamination are shown in Figure 1.1. The shedding of paint flakes containing TBT is unlikely beyond the lower reaches of the Swan River, since only Australian vessels larger than 25 m (if coated with TBT-based paints prior to 2003), or international vessels, can be using TBT-based paints. The flaking of old paint layers from recreational (< 25 m) vessel hulls (if hull not regularly maintained and historic TBT-based paints still present on hull) could potentially also be a source of contamination at some yacht clubs. The possible sinks of TBT include the sorption of TBT onto sediment particles, followed by their sinking, burial and storage in sediments, and the degradation of TBT within oxic sediments (i.e. well-oxygenated sediments). TBT stored in sediments exhibits a half-life of 1-5 years and possibly decades within anaerobic sediments, whilst the half-life for paint flakes is unknown (see Section 7.1.2). Degradation of TBT occurs by progressive loss of its butyl groups (‘debutylation’) to form dibutyltin (DBT), then monobutyltin (MBT) and eventually inorganic tin: the degradation products DBT and MBT have a much lower toxicity that TBT (ANZECC/ARMCANZ 2000). The degradation rate depends upon a number of factors including the form in which the TBT is present, the chemical characteristics of the sediment and the degree of microbial activity within the sediment. Organisms potentially affected by TBT contamination include fish larvae, fish and marine invertebrates (both infauna3 and epifauna4) (Figure 1.1). Theoretically, TBT from vessels should only be entering the environment from large commercial vessels, as the use of TBT paints on Australian vessels < 25 m has been banned in most states for well over a decade. In addition, the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) cancelled the registration of antifouling paint products containing tributyltin. Use of these products after 31st July 2003 is therefore banned. Such bans are also in place in many other parts of the world, and while the majority of evidence suggests that these controls have been effective in reducing TBT contamination, some overseas studies provide conflicting evidence about the effectiveness of the ban (Wright 2004). For example, in some studies of the Mediterranean, the presence of TBT, rather than its metabolites DBT and MBT, suggest that the use of TBT is still prevalent. This may be through illegal usage, the impact of commercial or larger vessels, the flux of TBT from marine sediments or the input from areas where the ban is not enforced (Wright 2004). Within relatively sheltered aquatic environments (eg rivers, estuaries, harbours, marinas, coastal embayments) the existence of TBT contamination ‘hot spots’ within otherwise low contamination areas is well documented (Victoria: Rees et al. 1999, NSW: Gibson and Wilson 2003, Iceland: Jorundsdottir et al. 2005) and suggests that TBT is not being diluted and dispersed as it is in more open environments.

3 Organisms living within the sediment. 4 Organisms living on the sediment/hard surfaces.

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2. Sampling Design

2.1. Sampling locations A total of nine yacht clubs within the Swan River were sampled, with three reference site locations also sampled (Figure 2.1).

Maylands

Royal Perth YC

South of Perth YC

Perth Flying Squadron

Claremont YC

Royal Freshwater

Bay YC

East Fremantle

YC

Swan YC

Aquarama Marina

Figure 2.1 Swan River yacht club sites, and reference sites, sampled during this study

2.2. Site selection Sampling sites were generally located to either side (along-shore) and offshore from the anticipated main contaminant source. Effort was made to maintain these sites within similar water depths so that any patterns in contamination recorded are not confounded by marked changes in depth. At clubs where the data from earlier surveys (see Section 1.1) indicated

Reference 1

Reference 3

Reference 2


that greater levels of contamination might occur, or tidal/wind driven currents were likely to be stronger, additional sites were included towards the geographical extents of the marina infrastructure. The strength and direction of the prevailing water currents (tide and/or wind driven) was also taken into account in the placement of these outlying sites. The locations of sampling sites at each yacht club were given in the Sampling and Analysis Plan (Oceanica 2007) and are also provided in Section 7 of this report. Sites included those proposed as suitable State of Environment (SoE) sites for routine ongoing monitoring to assess the environmental health of the Swan River, and sites to asses the spatial extent of any contamination. In a separate but complementary exercise commissioned by the yacht clubs themselves, Belleng VDM undertook sampling immediately adjacent to each potential contamination source. Both studies used similar sampling and analysis methodology and were undertaken at the same time, enabling the maximum amount of information to be obtained on the spatial extent and severity of metal and TBT contamination in sediments.


3. Sediment Sampling and Analysis

3.1. Sediment sampling Given that most epifaunal and infaunal organisms are found in the upper 10 cm of sediments (Simpson et al. 2005), for the purpose of assessing risks to the ecological health of the Swan River it was appropriate to focus sampling on surface sediments. Therefore sediment samples were obtained by combining five, 10 cm (diameter) cores from within a 1 m x 1 m quadrat (corners and centre) (in-line with the methodology prescribed within the Manual of Standard Operating Procedures (Cockburn Sound) (EPA 2005)). Sediment was sampled to a depth of 3 cm, to ensure that the data collected in this study complemented those collected in a forthcoming study of estuarine sediments planned by the Department of Water (DoW). Five replicate composite samples were obtained from proposed State of Environment (SoE) sites, while three replicate samples (within 5 m of each other) were obtained from all other sites. At SoE sites, reference sites, and at selected sites along the anticipated main axis of contamination within each yacht club, three replicate samples were analysed initially. At other sites, only one replicate sample was analysed initially, to save on analysis costs. At SoE sites, one replicate sample was also collected to a depth of 10 cm. The top 3 cm was sampled and sent for analysis as usual while the remaining 7-10 cm fraction was stored frozen. Should high levels of a contaminant be recorded from the top 3 cm, then this deeper fraction could be analysed to determine whether the contamination extends beyond the top 3 cm. Cores (five to make each replicate) were combined and homogenised in the field, with sieving and further homogenisation completed at the laboratory. Homogenisation occurred within a white plastic bucket, using a white plastic spoon. Sediment samples were then placed in pre-cleaned glass containers supplied by the analytical laboratory (Australian Standard AS/NZS 5667.12:1999) and kept on ice while in transit to the freezer. On completion of sampling, frozen samples were sent directly to the analytical laboratories. Notes were made on the characteristics of each sample (colour, sediment type, odour, apparent depth of redox zone, presence of foreign objects etc).

3.2. Sampling by Belleng VDM Belleng VDM staff (commissioned by yacht clubs) undertook sediment sampling immediately adjacent to the most likely contamination point sources (stormwater outlets, petrol bowsers, interceptor outlets etc) at each yacht club, with the exception of Maylands. The proposed sampling methodology was demonstrated to Belleng VDM staff, as it was intended that their results be suitable for direct comparison with the results obtained from this study. As total organic carbon (TOC) analysis was not undertaken, butyltin results could not be normalised5 to 1% TOC. The effect of normalising the butyltin results from the other yacht club sites varied from causing an increase of ~500% to causing a decrease of ~25%. The average effect across all yacht club sites was an increase of ~50%. It is therefore likely that the non-normalised results would generally have increased slightly if normalisation had been carried out.

3.3. Sediment analysis The National Measurement Institute (NMI) were selected to undertake the analysis of sediment samples for TBT and for the majority of the heavy metals (Table 3.1). NMI have previously undertaken sediment TBT and heavy metals analysis during the Cockburn Sound study (Oceanica 2006), the DoW’s Swan-Canning Catchment Drainage sampling (DoW 2006a) and the DoW’s Estuary Sediments sampling (DoW 2006b). Therefore comparison of TBT and heavy metals results from this study with those from other studies within the Swan River and wider Perth Metropolitan area was not potentially confounded by inter-laboratory

5 Normalisation to 1% TOC allows correction for the binding of butyltin species to TOC, which affects the bioavailability of TBT.


differences. NMI also undertook the analysis of total organic carbon (TOC) to allow normalising of TBT results. NMI were unable to meet the Practical Quantitation Limit (PQL) for mercury in sediments (0.01 mg/kg as prescribed within Table 3 of the NODG) or the ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000) sediment quality guideline (ISQG-Low) value. Therefore sub-samples of each sample were sent to the Australian Laboratory Service (ALS) in Sydney for low level analysis (0.01 mg/kg) (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1 Analytical methods and reporting limits for the sediment samples

Parameter Laboratory Analytical Method Detection Limit Unit

Sediment Characteristics

Grain-size CSIRO

Laser diffraction and wet sieving

0.01% %

Total Organic Carbon NMI

Dohrmann 190 TOC analyser

0.4 % C

Metals

Arsenic (As) NMI ICP-MS/AES 0.5 mg/kg

Cadmium (Cd) NMI ICP-MS/AES 0.5 mg/kg

Chromium (Cr) NMI ICP-MS/AES 0.5 mg/kg

Copper (Cu) NMI ICP-MS/AES 0.5 mg/kg

Lead (Pb) NMI ICP-MS/AES 0.5 mg/kg

Nickel (Ni) NMI ICP-MS/AES 0.5 mg/kg

Zinc (Zn) NMI ICP-MS/AES 0.5 mg/kg

Mercury (Hg)* ALS FIMS 0.01 mg/kg

Organics

Tributyltin (TBT)6 NMI GC-AED >0.5

<5000 µg/kg

Since sediment data were to be mainly compared against relevant ecological health guidelines, it was most appropriate to undertake the analysis for heavy metals using a dilute acid extraction. ANZECC/ARMCANZ (2000) and The National Ocean Disposal Guidelines (Commonwealth of Australia 2002) suggest that a dilute acid extraction (1 M hydrochloric acid for one hour) will extract the more readily available metals, “Although this will not be equivalent to the bioavailable fraction, it will be a closer approximation to it than total metal sediment data” (Section 3.10.6, Commonwealth of Australia 2002). The Draft Assessment Levels for Soil, Sediment and Water (DEC 2003) similarly state that “when analysing for metals, the dilute-acid-soluble metal concentration is seen as a more meaningful measure than the total value”. Spare samples (if available) were stored frozen, to allow for the analysis of the total metal fraction if required. Samples were also analysed for particle size distribution to ensure data interpretation were not confounded by sediments of different ‘fines’ content (i.e. the silt and clay fraction, typically sediment particles with diameters less than 63 microns [µm], strongly influences the amount of naturally present metals in sediments, with finer sediments likely to contain more metals). This analysis was undertaken by CSIRO using sieving followed by laser diffraction: this method is not NATA accredited, but has appropriate QA/QC procedures in place and has been used by Oceanica in many previous studies.

6 Concentrations may be recorded as ng TBT/g (equivalent to µg TBT/kg) or ng Sn/g (µg Sn/kg). To compare concentrations given as TBT ng/g to concentrations given as Sn ng/g, multiply former by 0.4.


4. Mussel Sampling and Analysis A search of piles adjacent to each proposed State of Environment (SoE) site was undertaken, to obtain mussel samples. Where mussels could be found, three replicate samples each comprising 10-15 individual mussels were collected, from within 1 m of the water surface. Samples were retained in labelled plastic bags and stored on ice before being frozen at the end of the day. At the completion of sampling, all samples were sent directly to the laboratory for shucking, homogenisation and analysis. Mussel tissue samples were analysed for TBT and the same suite of metals as the sediment samples, with all analysis undertaken by NMI.


5. Current status of tributyltin and metal contamination in the sediments of Swan River yacht clubs

5.1. General characteristics Water depths at the sites sampled for sediments varied from 1-2 m (Maylands, Claremont) to >8 m (Aquarama, East Fremantle). Dense Halophila ovalis seagrass was recorded at a number of shallow sites, beyond the extent of the yacht club pens. Generally the sediments within the yacht clubs were composed of muds and silts, with the depth of oxygenated sediments reaching between 2 and 5 cm below the sediment surface (Figure 5.1).

Figure 5.1 Visible boundary between oxic7 and anoxic8 sediments

7 Oxygenated sediments 8 Sediments containing little or no oxygen

5 cm

Boundary between oxic (light brown) and anoxic (grey)

sediments


5.2. Sediment particle size The dominant particle size ranged from silts to gravel (Table 5.1). Sediments dominated by fine sediments (clays and silts) were generally found in deeper sheltered waters. Gravel-sized particles predominantly consisted of shell material.

Table 5.1 Particle size analysis of sediment from single replicate (a) at each site

Clay Silt Fine sand Medium sand Coarse sand Gravel

<4um <62um <250um <500um <2,000um <10,000um Site

%

S_mid_a 2.16 5.15 44.97 43.82 3.00 0.90

S_north_a 3.13 5.86 37.66 36.04 9.00 8.30

S_east_a 1.80 3.66 27.37 44.87 19.20 3.10

S_west_a 1.21 2.75 11.78 47.36 30.90 6.00

Aq_mid_a 1.12 2.21 11.47 29.70 50.00 5.50

Aq_north_a 1.77 4.25 11.29 34.69 44.00 4.00

Aq_east_a 1.73 4.39 15.02 38.96 37.40 2.50

Aq_west_a 0.53 1.55 7.43 36.79 51.00 2.70

EF_mid_a 2.13 4.45 23.94 34.09 24.80 10.60

EF_north_a 5.54 12.21 19.72 32.43 25.70 4.40

EF_east_a 6.90 13.04 27.94 25.13 23.20 3.80

EF_westnear_a 9.07 16.88 28.80 20.96 22.60 1.70

EF_westmid_a 18.69 44.58 10.77 3.16 16.50 6.30

EF_westfar_a 22.09 52.44 17.89 1.07 3.90 2.60

RF_north_a 13.57 17.32 5.95 2.16 36.80 24.20

RF_northeast_a 3.35 6.91 3.22 0.82 33.40 52.30

RF_east_a 17.16 38.98 13.02 0.64 18.60 11.60

RF_southnear_a 2.41 4.35 3.36 3.49 31.50 54.90

RF_southfar_a 4.00 8.64 14.42 14.54 38.10 20.30

C_mid_a 0.42 1.55 18.95 32.87 42.10 4.10

C_east_a 0.43 1.20 11.79 17.87 65.60 3.10

C_south_a 13.54 19.89 25.59 20.68 13.80 6.50

C_west_a 0.77 1.34 9.11 12.77 72.20 3.80

PFS_mid_a 2.78 9.50 16.40 19.31 43.00 9.00

PFS_northeast_a 1.36 1.98 18.40 21.26 53.90 3.10

PFS_southeast_a 12.10 36.10 18.59 12.90 18.90 1.40

PFS_west_a 1.70 11.66 13.82 16.61 46.40 9.80

RP_mid_a 8.79 18.66 9.47 6.39 27.60 29.10

RP_midfar_a 38.27 49.36 4.20 3.67 1.20 3.30

RP_east_a 18.51 72.13 5.81 1.25 1.10 1.20

RP_west_a 35.49 55.40 3.77 1.24 0.90 3.20

RP_northwest 33.71 60.30 1.60 0.39 0.70 3.30

SP_mid_a 9.87 65.99 18.19 5.45 0.20 0.30

SP_north_a 2.60 3.57 14.59 36.95 39.10 3.20

SP_east 11.92 66.84 10.41 2.14 1.30 7.40

SP_south 5.88 7.32 3.75 10.95 70.20 1.90

M_mid 14.86 31.91 23.02 14.11 11.30 4.80

M_north 13.79 39.67 19.89 16.85 7.20 2.60

M_east 11.95 29.84 25.30 14.81 12.90 5.20

M_south 4.94 11.80 29.05 21.20 23.50 9.50

R1 0.32 1.61 13.20 25.37 55.40 4.10

R2 22.03 46.78 10.73 10.56 5.50 4.40

R3 0.64 1.14 9.61 30.81 55.60 2.20 S = Swan Yacht Club, A = Aquarama marina, EF = East Fremantle Yacht Club, RF = Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht

Club, C = Claremont Yacht Club, PFS – Perth Flying Squadron, RP = Royal Perth Yacht Club, SP = South of Perth Yacht Club, M = Maylands, R1, R2 & R3 = Reference sites 1, 2 & 3

Dominant sediment fraction shown in blue bold font.


5.3. Metals

5.3.1. Belleng VDM sampling – adjacent to potential point sources The results from samples taken immediately adjacent to the potential point sources at each yacht club, identified during the initial site visits, are given in Table 5.2. It is understood that samples were a composite of the top 3 cm of sediment from five cores. Replicate samples (denoted by _a, _b and _c) were taken at some sites.

Table 5.2 Concentrations of metals in sediments adjacent to potential contamination sources

Arsenic

(As)

Cadmium

(Cd)

Chromium

(Cr)

Copper

(Cu)

Lead

(Pb)

Mercury

(Hg)

Nickel

(Ni)

Zinc

(Zn)

mg/kg

Reporting Limit 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.5 0.5

HIL - E 200 40 200 2000 600 30 600 14000

EQG Value 20 1.5 80 65 50 0.15 21 200 EQG Re-sampling Trigger 70 10 370 270 220 1.0 52 410

Swan Yacht Club S_1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.2 <0.5 1.3 S_2_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2.4 0.51 <0.2 <0.5 1.4 S_2_b <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.1 0.53 <0.2 <0.5 1.2 S_2_c <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.3 0.59 <0.2 <0.5 1.5 S_3 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 6.2 7.2 <0.2 <0.5 2.6 Aquarama Aq_1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.67 <0.2 <0.5 1.3 Aq_2_a <0.5 <0.5 0.81 25 4.5 <0.2 <0.5 43 Aq_2_b <0.5 <0.5 0.79 130 7.2 <0.2 <0.5 110 Aq_2_c <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 83 8.8 <0.2 <0.5 130 East Fremantle EF_1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.2 <0.5 1.3 EF_2_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.79 1.9 <0.2 <0.5 45 EF_2_b <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 61 3.2 <0.2 <0.5 70 EF_2_c <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 22 11 <0.2 <0.5 59 Royal Freshwater Bay RF_1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.2 <0.5 0.75 RF_2 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.86 1.8 <0.2 <0.5 6.4 RF_3_a <0.5 <0.5 0.64 30 7.1 <0.2 <0.5 21 RF_3_b <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 36 6.5 <0.2 <0.5 24 RF_3_c <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 68 8.7 <0.2 <0.5 29 Claremont C_1_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.1 1.8 <0.2 <0.5 2.8 C_1_b <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 8.4 2.5 <0.2 <0.5 3.5 C_1_c <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 4.4 2.8 <0.2 <0.5 3.2 Perth Flying Squadron PFS_2_a 0.86 <0.5 3.1 680 32 <0.2 1.7 230 PFS_2_b <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 37 0.8 <0.2 <0.5 19 PFS_2_c <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 69 0.86 <0.2 <0.5 35 PFS_3 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 79 1.3 <0.2 <0.5 36 Royal Perth RP_1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 21 2.4 <0.2 <0.5 15 RP_3_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 33 3.4 <0.2 <0.5 17 RP_3_b <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 41 2.6 <0.2 <0.5 20 RP_3_c <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 110 2.3 <0.2 <0.5 53 RP_4 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 23 2.5 <0.2 <0.5 8.7 South of Perth SP_1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.2 <0.5 <0.5


Arsenic

(As)

Cadmium

(Cd)

Chromium

(Cr)

Copper

(Cu)

Lead

(Pb)

Mercury

(Hg)

Nickel

(Ni)

Zinc

(Zn)

mg/kg

SP_2_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 14 2.5 <0.2 <0.5 330 SP_2_b <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 16 2.9 <0.2 <0.5 24 SP_2_c <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 11 5.5 <0.2 <0.5 30

Exceedances of EQG Value shown in blue italics, exceedances of EQG Re-sampling Trigger shown in bold red font. HIL – E = Health Investigation Level for soils in parks, recreational open space and playing fields, including secondary schools (DoE 2003).

A dilute acid extraction (1M HCL for one hour) was used in the extraction of metals for analysis. Generally metals concentrations fell below the EQG Value, apart from copper at some sites at Aquarama, Royal Freshwater Bay, Royal Flying Squadron and Royal Perth yacht clubs, and zinc at one site at Royal Flying Squadron yacht club. The concentration of copper at one site at Royal Flying Squadron yacht club exceeded the EQG re-sampling trigger. No site exceeded HIL – E levels.

5.3.2. Oceanica sampling The concentration of heavy metals in sediments at all sites fell below EQG Values and HIL – E levels (Table 5.3, Appendix A).

Table 5.3 Median concentrations of metals within Swan River Yacht Club sediments

Arsenic

(As)

Cadmium

(Cd)

Chromium

(Cr)

Copper

(Cu)

Lead

(Pb)

Mercury

(Hg)

Nickel

(Ni)

Zinc

(Zn)

mg/kg

Reporting Limit 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.01 0.5 0.5

HIL - E 200 40 200 2000 600 30 600 14000

EQG Value 20 1.5 80 65 50 0.15 21 200 EQG Re-sampling Trigger 70 10 370 270 220 1.0 52 410

Swan Yacht Club S_mid <0.5 <0.5 0.67 0.87 0.67 <0.01 <0.5 1.7 S_north <0.5 <0.5 0.61 <0.5 <0.5 <0.01 <0.5 0.68 S_east <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.89 0.59 <0.01 <0.5 1.5 S_west <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.89 0.59 <0.01 <0.5 1.5

Aquarama Aq_mid_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.64 <0.5 <0.01 <0.5 1.2 Aq_north_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.10 1.30 <0.01 <0.5 2.9 Aq_east_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.51 <0.01 <0.5 1.1 Aq_west_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.2 1.3 <0.01 <0.5 2.4 East Fremantle EF_mid_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 3.1 2.5 <0.01 <0.5 4.8 EF_north_a <0.5 <0.5 0.82 3.1 5.0 <0.01 <0.5 8.8 EF_east_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.1 1.6 <0.01 <0.5 2.7 EF_westnear_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.5 2.4 <0.01 <0.5 4.3 EF_westmid_a <0.5 <0.5 1.0 4.9 6.8 <0.01 <0.5 14.0 EF_westfar_a <0.5 <0.5 1.4 6.4 8.9 <0.01 <0.5 19.0 Royal Freshwater Bay RF_north_a <0.5 <0.5 0.51 2.8 6.0 <0.01 <0.5 12.0 RF_northeast_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 7.9 5.2 <0.01 <0.5 24.0 RF_east_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2.1 2.8 <0.01 <0.5 7.4 RF_southnear_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.7 1.2 <0.01 <0.5 3.9 RF_southfar_a <0.5 <0.5 0.65 2.2 4.9 <0.01 <0.5 12.0 Claremont C_mid_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.5 1.7 <0.01 <0.5 2.3 C_east_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.81 <0.01 <0.5 1.2 C_south_a <0.5 <0.5 0.8 5.5 17.0 <0.01 <0.5 23.0


Arsenic

(As)

Cadmium

(Cd)

Chromium

(Cr)

Copper

(Cu)

Lead

(Pb)

Mercury

(Hg)

Nickel

(Ni)

Zinc

(Zn)

mg/kg

C_west_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.85 <0.01 <0.5 1.5 Perth Flying Squadron PFS_mid_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 4.2 1.4 <0.01 <0.5 6.1 PFS_northeast_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.6 0.75 <0.01 <0.5 3.0 PFS_southeast_a <0.5 <0.5 0.66 5.6 4.3 <0.01 <0.5 16.0 PFS_west_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.3 1.2 <0.01 <0.5 3.5 Royal Perth RP_mid_a <0.5 <0.5 0.88 6.6 5.2 <0.01 <0.5 17.0 RP_midfar_a 0.6 <0.5 1.6 14.0 12.0 0.01 <0.5 35.0 RP_east_a 0.57 <0.5 1.5 13.0 11.0 <0.01 <0.5 33.0 RP_west_a 0.57 <0.5 1.4 8.2 11.0 <0.01 <0.5 31.0 RP_northwest 0.54 <0.5 1.4 6.7 10.0 <0.01 <0.5 28.0 South of Perth SP_mid_a 0.61 <0.5 1.4 14.0 12.0 <0.01 <0.5 36.0 SP_north_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2.6 2.0 <0.01 <0.5 6.4 SP_east_a <0.5 <0.5 1.2 5.9 8.8 <0.01 <0.5 26.0 SP_south_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2.4 1.9 <0.01 <0.5 5.7 Maylands M_mid_a <0.5 <0.5 0.7 15.0 8.2 <0.01 0.6 33.0 M_north_a <0.5 <0.5 0.7 7.0 5.7 <0.01 0.81 22.0 M_east_a <0.5 <0.5 0.57 3.7 3.9 <0.01 0.68 15.0 M_south_a <0.5 <0.5 0.63 11.0 8.4 <0.01 0.87 20.0 Reference sites R1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.72 <0.01 <0.5 1.9

R2 0.5 <0.5 0.77 2.4 4.8 <0.01 <0.5 16.0

R3 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.01 <0.5 1.6 M_mid_a denoted that results given are for ‘a’ replicate only. Other results given are median of those from ‘a’, ‘b’

and ‘c’ replicates. Exceedances of EQG Value shown in blue italics, exceedances of EQG Re-sampling Trigger shown in bold red font.

HIL – E = Health Investigation Level for soils in parks, recreational open space and playing fields, including secondary schools (DoE 2003).

A dilute acid extraction (1M HCL for one hour) was used in the extraction of metals for analysis. Several of the metals exhibited a strong correlation with the percentage of fines within the sediment (R-square value9 given in brackets – As (0.53), Cr (0.78), Pb (0.59) and Zn (0.75). This suggests that for these metals, the percentage of fines strongly influenced the amount of metals bound within the sediments.

5.4. Tributyltin (TBT) Sediments were analysed for TBT and its breakdown products. Biodegradation of TBT occurs by progressive loss of its butyl groups (‘debutylation’) to form dibutyltin (DBT), then monobutyltin (MBT) and eventually inorganic tin: the degradation products DBT and MBT have a much lower toxicity that TBT (ANZECC/ARMCANZ 2000). The recent convention on the reporting of TBT concentrations in water, sediment and animal tissue is that the concentration is given in terms of the weight of tin (Sn) atoms recorded within the TBT (or DBT/MBT) fraction. Therefore results recently reported as µg TBT/kg actually represent the concentration of tin (µg Sn/kg) present as TBT, with no conversion factor10 having been applied to take account of the extra weight of other atoms in each TBT molecule (Luke Baker, pers comm., National Measurement Institute, January 2006).

9 The R-square value is an indicator of how well the model fits the data (e.g., an R-square close to 1.0 indicates that we have accounted for almost all of the variability in metals concentrations with the fines content). 10 A conversion factor of 0.4 allows the conversion of older data reported as the concentration of TBT to the concentration of Sn as TBT.


5.4.1. Belleng VDM sampling – adjacent to potential point sources The results from samples taken immediately adjacent to the potential point sources, identified during the initial site visits, are given in Table 5.4. Replicate samples (denoted by _a, _b and _c) were taken at some sites.

Table 5.4 Concentrations of butyltins within sediments adjacent to potential contamination sources

TBT* DBT* MBT*

µg//kg Reporting Limit <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 EQG Value 5 na na Re-sampling Trigger 70 na Na Swan Yacht Club S_1 - - - S_2_a <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 S_2_b <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 S_2_c <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 S_3 490 90 69 Aquarama Aq_1 - - - Aq_2_a >5000 2200 120 Aq_2_b >5000 >5000 390 Aq_2_c >5000 >5000 380 East Fremantle EF_1 <0.5 1.7 <0.5 EF_2_a 4800 2700 170 EF_2_b >5000 >5000 810 EF_2_c >5000 >5000 220 Royal Freshwater Bay RF_1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 RF_2 20 39 6.7 RF_3_a 980 290 100 RF_3_b >5000 4000 160 RF_3_c 1800 1400 100 Claremont C_1_a 600 560 89 C_1_b 770 740 110 C_1_c 980 1000 120 Perth Flying Squadron PFS_2_a 1200 1300 95 PFS_2_b 1200 160 54 PFS_2_c 1100 210 78 PFS_3 >5000 4200 200 Royal Perth RP_1 2100 660 78 RP_3_a 2800 1300 77 RP_3_b 1100 260 69 RP_3_c 1200 590 62 RP_4 480 210 69 South of Perth SP_1 <0.5 3.2 <0.5 SP_2_a 700 160 41 SP_2_b 880 160 40 SP_2_c 570 130 35

* Data not normalised to 1% TOC (total organic carbon). Exceedances of EQG shown in blue italics, exceedances of re-sampling trigger value shown in bold red font.


As can be seen from Table 5.4, the EQG Re-sampling Trigger was greatly exceeded at the majority of sites, suggesting that relatively large amounts organotins have historically or still are entering the river from point sources at all yacht clubs (excluding Maylands, which was not sampled during this work). The concentrations of the breakdown products of TBT (DBT and MBT) were also generally high but below the concentrations of TBT, suggesting that either much of the contamination is relatively recent, or that the contamination is stored in anaerobic sediments or in the form of paint flakes.

5.4.2. Oceanica sampling – Batch 1 The concentrations of tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) within yacht club sediments are given in Table 5.5 and Appendix A.

Table 5.5 Median concentrations of butyltins within Swan River Yacht Club sediments

TBT DBT MBT

µg/kg

Reporting Limit 0.5 0.5 0.5

EQG Value 5 na na Re-sampling Trigger 70 na na

Swan Yacht Club S_mid 14.0 3.9 0.3 S_north_a 1.2 1.0 0.4 S_east_a 723.4 59.6 17.7 S_west 34.3 26.6 0.7 Aquarama Aq_mid_a 8.9 6.7 1.0 Aq_north_a 13.1 12.8 0.5 Aq_east_a 2.3 2.7 1.0 Aq_west_a 52.8 28.8 6.9 East Fremantle EF_mid_a 1333.3 333.3 105.0 EF_north_a 22.4 18.8 0.4 EF_east_a 325.6 72.1 25.6 EF_westnear_a 12.9 13.2 1.1 EF_westmid_a 13.2 10.7 0.1 EF_westfar_a 87.9 2.1 0.1 Royal Freshwater Bay RF_north_a 66.7 19.0 3.4 RF_northeast_a 460.7 157.3 5.7 RF_east_a 7.7 3.5 0.3 RF_southnear_a 5.1 3.8 2.0 RF_southfar_a 5.3 4.3 0.2 Claremont C_mid_a 27.0 23.0 18.9 C_east_a 1.0 1.0 1.5 C_south_a 8.8 7.5 0.6 C_west_a 2.7 1.3 5.3 Perth Flying Squadron PFS_mid_a 70.1 20.0 15.6 PFS_northeast_a 17.3 7.4 6.5 PFS_southeast_a 4.2 3.1 0.9 PFS_west_a 0.3 0.8 0.3 Royal Perth RP_mid_a 41.3 13.9 1.0 RP_midfar_a 4.2 2.1 0.1 RP_east_a 16.5 8.5 0.4


TBT DBT MBT

µg/kg

RP_west_a 4.2 1.8 0.1 RP_northwest 1.9 0.9 0.1 South of Perth SP_mid_a 5.3 2.6 0.2 SP_north_a 161.6 11.8 6.4 SP_east_a 2.5 1.2 0.1 SP_south_a 19.1 7.2 4.1 Maylands M_mid_a 353.3 106.7 7.3 M_north_a 4.5 1.5 0.1 M_east_a 5.2 1.5 0.1 M_south_a 61.4 36.4 9.3 Reference sites R1 0.9 0.9 0.9

R2 0.1 0.1 0.1

R3 1.2 1.2 1.2 Data normalised to 1% TOC (total organic carbon) (Appendix B). Exceedances of EQG shown in blue italics,

exceedances of re-sampling trigger value shown in bold red font. M_mid_a denoted that results given are for ‘a’ replicate only. Other results given are median of those from ‘a’, ‘b’

and ‘c’ replicates. The EQG Value for TBT was exceeded at the majority of sites, with the EQG Re-sampling Trigger also exceeded at eight sites (six clubs). TBT was the dominant form of butyltin recorded at all sites except EF_westnear_a, C_west_a and PFS_west_a, again suggesting that either much of the contamination is relatively recent, or that the contamination is stored in anaerobic sediments or in the form of paint flakes.

Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QAQC) QAQC undertaken during the analysis of sediment samples for organotins included the use of blanks (samples containing no organotins), the use of sample duplicates (multiple sub-samples taken from each homogenised sample) and spikes (samples containing a known concentration of an organotin species). The laboratory reports detailing the QAQC results are given in the back of Appendix A. Generally it was found that the analysis of blanks resulted in concentrations of TBT, DBT and MBT below the reporting limit. Spike recovery was good, with between 89% and 123% recovery achieved. Duplicate samples, however, showed wide variation, with the relative percentage difference (RPD) between duplicates for tributyltin analysis ranging from 13% (best) to 230% (worst). The variation between duplicates analysed for DBT and MBT was also considerable. It is known that particulate TBT can exhibit high heterogeneity. As part of the project “Tributyltin Analysis Protocol Development and Current Contamination Assessment”, funded by Environment Australia through the Coast and Clean Seas Program (Natural Heritage Trust 2004), the Centre for Advanced Analytical Chemistry, CSIRO Energy Technology undertook to coordinate an inter-laboratory trial on the analysis of tributyltin in a water, a sediment and a biota sample. Even intensive compositing of sediment samples (e.g. 25 to 50 cores per composite sample) did not consistently reduce variability in data relating to TBT concentrations in sediments. Analytical results from sub-samples of well-mixed composites each comprising 50 sediment cores sometimes had high variability in TBT concentrations, showing that in addition to high variability between composites, variance within composites was problematic. The extremely high variation between replicate samples and duplicate samples suggests that TBT at many sites may be principally present in the form of paint flakes. The presence of TBT in such a form would help to explain the high spatial variability within homogenised


sediments and would suggest that the contamination could be relatively old, as in this form breakdown rates may be much reduced (see Section 7.1.2).

5.4.3. Oceanica sampling – Batch 2 A number of additional samples were analysed following receipt of the results from Batch 1. Samples selected for analysis were either ‘b’ and ‘c’ replicates of samples exhibiting a high concentration of TBT, or deeper fractions (7-10 cm) of cores from sites exhibiting high TBT concentrations within the top 3 cm of sediment. The results are given below (Table 5.6, Appendix C).

Table 5.6 Concentrations of butyltins within Swan River Yacht Club sediments (Batch 2)

TBT DBT MBT

µg/kg

Reporting Limit 0.5 0.5 0.5

EQG Value 5 na na Re-sampling Trigger 70 na na

S_east_b 7.7 3.8 1.7

S_east_c 10.2 11.4 4.3

EF_westfar_b 255.8 125.6 17.4

EF_westfar_c 1.2 1.8 0.1

EF_mid_deep_a 1.5 2.0 0.1

M_mid_deep_a 68.6 82.4 2.4 Data normalised to 1% TOC (total organic carbon). Exceedances of EQG shown in blue italics, exceedances of re-

sampling trigger value shown in bold red font. S_east_b denoted that results given are for ‘b’ replicate only. The results for samples S_east_b and S_east_c were much lower than the result obtained from S_east_a (723.4 ug/kg), suggesting that in general this location is not severely contaminated. A paint flake within the ‘a’ replicate sample may have led to the high result. The results for samples EF_westfar_b and EF_westfar_c were very different, again illustrating the high spatial heterogeneity of TBT contamination. The high results obtained from the ‘a’ and ‘b’ replicates suggests that there is contamination at this location, again possibly present in the form of paint flakes. The results from the deeper samples (EF_mid_deep_a and M_mid_deep_a) suggest that the concentration of TBT at these sites falls relatively quickly with depth through the surface sediment. It is unknown how far the contamination extends at site M_mid.

5.5. Distribution of tributyltin (TBT) contamination The spatial patterns of TBT concentrations11 in sediments around yacht clubs are shown in Figure 5.2 to Figure 5.10. Generally very high concentrations of TBT were recorded adjacent to slipways and hull pressure-blasting/scrubbing areas, but rapidly diminished with distance from these sources.

11 Median values reported for sites at which three replicates were taken. If a result was less than the reporting limit (0.5 ug/kg), the reporting limit was halved then the value normalised to 1% TOC. If a result was more than the reporting limit (5000 ug/kg), the reporting limit value was normalised to 1% TOC. Belleng VDM data could not be normalized, values less than reporting limit halved and rounded down.


Figure 5.2 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Swan Yacht Club


Figure 5.3 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Aquarama Marina


Figure 5.4 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding East Fremantle Yacht Club


Figure 5.5 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club


Figure 5.6 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Claremont Yacht Club


Figure 5.7 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding Perth Flying Squadron Yacht Club


Figure 5.8 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Royal Perth Yacht Club


Figure 5.9 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the South of Perth Yacht Club


Figure 5.10 Distribution of TBT contamination surrounding the Maylands Boatyard


6. Current status of tributyltin and metal contamination in mussels harvested within Swan River yacht clubs

6.1. Metal concentrations in mussel flesh Mussel samples were obtained from jetty pylons at Swan Yacht Club (S), East Fremantle Yacht Club (EF), Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club (RF), Perth Flying Squadron (PFS), Royal Perth Yacht Club (RP), South of Perth Yacht Club (SP) (Table 6.1). The median concentration (from three replicate samples) of metals within the mussel tissue samples were generally well below environmental quality criteria, where applicable (Table 6.1), indicating mussels were safe for human consumption (see Appendix D for raw data). In relative terms, zinc was present at the highest concentrations, probably due to its use on vessel hulls to prevent corrosion, its use on galvanised steel structures and its presence in stormwater. Arsenic and copper were also present at concentrations greater than 1 µg/g.

Table 6.1 Median mussel metals concentrations (µg/g wet weight)

Site Arsenic Arsenic

inorganic# Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Zinc

EQG/EQS na 1.02 2.02 na 301 2.02 0.52 na 2901

Cockburn Sound3

1.32 - 0.08 0.07 0.68 <LOR <LOR 0.07 14.3

S_MID 2 <0.04 0.1 0.07 1.2 0.17 0.04 0.05 24

EF_MID* 1.9 <0.04 0.175 0.21 1.6 0.345 0.03 0.08 51.5

RF_NE 1.7 <0.04 0.16 0.025 1.5 0.18 0.02 0.06 31

PFS_MID 1.9 <0.04 0.16 0.05 2.9 0.21 0.01 0.06 30

RP_MID 1.95 <0.04 0.23 0.09 1.3 0.16 0.01 0.06 23

SP_MID 1.35 <0.04 0.12 0.025 1.8 0.17 0.005 0.06 16 < = less than limit of reporting (inorganic As). For calculation of medians, less than reporting limit values have been calculated as half the reporting limit for use in

calculation. *Median calculated from two values only. #Only one replicate from each site analysed for inorganic arsenic. Value given is value recorded. 1 Environmental Quality Guideline for the maintenance of seafood safe for human consumption (EPA 2005). 2 Environmental Quality Standard for the maintenance of seafood safe for human consumption (EPA 2005). 3 Median concentration recorded from three composite samples of ~10 mussels from Cockburn Sound mussel farm

(collected April 2006) (Data from Water Corporation of Western Australia).

6.2. Tributyltin (TBT) concentrations in mussel flesh The concentrations of TBT within mussel tissue samples (tissue from 10-15 individual mussels combined and homogenised) from each site were found to vary markedly, with samples from the Swan, East Fremantle and Perth Flying Squadron yacht clubs exhibiting the highest levels (Table 6.2).

Table 6.2 Median mussel organotin concentrations (highest recorded concentration given in brackets) (ng Sn/g wet weight)

Site TBT DBT MBT

S_MID 28 (50) 12 0.5

EF_MID 113.5 (140) 39 4.9

RF_NE 1.9 (9.1) 10 0.5

PFS_MID 50 (76) 23 2.9

RP_MID <1 (<1) 9.8 3.1

SP_MID 4.6 (7.1) 8.1 0.5

Intra-site variability was high, with replicates from each site often exhibiting markedly different concentrations (for example the concentration of TBT within replicate samples from Perth Flying Squadron ranged from 15 ng/g to 76 ng/g). This variability may be due to extremely high spatial variability in TBT contamination, or due to the collection within some


samples of a number of larger, older, and more contaminated mussels. However, replicate samples were collected within ~20 m of each other, and mussels collected were generally of the same size.


7. Discussion

7.1. Sediment contamination

7.1.1. Metals

Implications for Swan River ecology While elevated concentrations of bioavailable copper and zinc were recorded at a small number of sites immediately adjacent to the identified contamination sources, the concentrations of metals at the large majority of sites were below EQG Values, indicating a low risk of adverse ecological effects. The few instances of high concentrations of copper and zinc adjacent to the contamination sources are unlikely to have more than a highly localised effect on the river flora and fauna, and neither of these metals tend to bioaccumulate. Therefore it can be concluded that metals concentrations within yacht club sediments do not pose a significant risk to the ecological health of the Swan River. .

Implications for human health Although the Health Investigation Levels (HILS) (DoE 2003) given in Table 5.3 are for soils rather than estuarine sediments, they provide some indication of potential impacts on human health due to direct contact with the sediments (even though the risk of direct contact is likely to be lower than for people using terrestrial recreational areas). As all metals concentrations recorded within the sediments in the study were well below the HIL values, it can be concluded that the risks to human health due to metals in yacht clubs sediments in the Swan River are low.

7.1.2. Tributyltin (TBT) TBT stored in sediments exhibits a half-life of 1-5 years (Dowson et al. 1993, Astruc et al. 1989) and possibly decades within anaerobic sediments (Champ 2003, US EPA 2003, Dowson et al. 1996), whilst the half-life for paint flakes is unknown (Champ 2003). The half-lives for DBT and MBT have been reported as between 1 and 3.7 years (Dowson et al. 1993). It has been suggested that marine sediments may form a reservoir of TBT a number of years after input has ceased (Waldock et al. 1990, Dowson et al. 1996). Surveys of estuaries around Sydney have shown that the although the concentration of TBT in the surface 1-3 cm of sediment has decreased following the partial ban on the use of TBT, the maximum concentration occurs below this depth and then diminishes in deeper sediments in a pattern consistent with its degradation (Batley 1995). In this study, the concentrations of the breakdown products of TBT (DBT and MBT) were generally high but below the concentrations of TBT. This suggests that either much of the contamination is relatively recent, or that the contamination is stored in anaerobic sediments or in the form of paint flakes. For example, taking a half-life for the breakdown of TBT to DBT at the lower end of the scale, 1 year, and equal concentrations of TBT and DBT in sediments, then the contamination would appear to be 1 year old (i.e. half of original TBT has broken down). However, if paint flakes are the dominant contamination source, then the contamination could be much older. A study of sedimentation rates at each site would help to identify the likely age of surface sediments at each location, and therefore the age of the contamination.

Implications for Swan River ecology Even at extremely low concentrations of 1-2 TBT ng/L (0.4-0.8 Sn ng/L), TBT can cause chronic (long-term) and acute (short-term) poisoning of non-target species. While gastropod molluscs are amongst the most sensitive marine organisms to TBT, low levels can affect a wide range of organisms including algae, zooplankton, molluscs, fish larvae (Hoch 2001) and even marine mammals. The toxic effects of TBT are wide ranging and include imposex in shellfish (the occurrence of induced male sex characteristics superimposed on normal female gastropods), a reduction in shell growth in the mussel Mytilus edulis (Stromgren and Bongard 1987), a reduction in reproductive potential in the polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata (Moore et al. 1991),


disruption of the physiological and morphological components of the ionic regulatory functions of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) (Hartl et al. 2001) and damage to the central nervous system and reproductive mechanisms in mammals (IVM 1998). Langston & Burt (1991) investigated the bioavailability and effects of sediment-bound TBT in deposit-feeding clams (Scrobicularia Plana). They found that sediments were an important vector for TBT uptake in deposit-feeding clams. It was concluded that particulate, rather than desorbed TBT, was most significant. The good correlation between TBT concentrations in sediments and clams suggested that it may be the degree of particulate TBT contamination alone that is the principal determinant of bioavailability. TBT levels in mussels, Mytilus edulis, and clams, Macoma nasuta, stabilised after 60 days exposure, indicating a half-life of TBT of approximately 50 days within these organisms. An organism’s ability to metabolise and excrete TBT are clearly important factors which, as with mode of nutrition, are most likely to influence body burdens. Several observations suggest that TBT-contaminated sediments may cause significant impact (Langston & Burt 1991), with populations of Scrobicularia having virtually disappeared at a number of estuarine locations where sediment TBT concentrations are high (approximately 0.3 µg/g TBT as Sn). The disappearance of such organisms could represent a serious, if indirect effect of TBT on predators. It is therefore likely that the growth, reproduction and even survival of infauna and epifauna at sites exhibiting high concentrations of TBT will be affected. However, such effects will be limited to those areas within and immediately surrounding the yacht clubs exhibiting high concentrations, so effects within the river as a whole are likely to be minimal. The effects of the bioaccumulation of TBT are even more difficult to predict, but may have wider-reaching impacts.

Implications for human health No HILs for organotins are given within the State’s Draft Contaminated Sites Management Series Guidelines for Soil, Sediments and Water (DoE 2003). However, it is very unlikely that people would ingest sediments from these sites, so the risk of exposure to TBT can be considered low.

7.2. Mussel contamination

7.2.1. Metals

Implications for mussel health Tissue metals concentrations can be compared to those recorded from farmed mussels from Cockburn Sound, to enable the relative extent of contamination to be assessed. Such a comparison shows that the range of concentrations of chromium and nickel were similar between Swan River and Cockburn Sound mussels (Table 6.1). Concentrations of arsenic were slightly higher in Swan River mussels and concentrations of cadmium, copper and zinc were approximately twice as high as in Cockburn Sound mussels (Table 6.1). Although some metal levels in Swan River mussels were higher than Cockburn Sound mussels, all metals were below the lower end of the 15th to 85th percentile of U.S. Mussel Watch data (O’Connor 2001), indicating that trace-metal bioavailabilities at the sites were low, and therefore a low risk of impacts on mussel growth rates (Widdows et al 1995). No assessment of the implications to more subtle measures of mussel health (eg reduced resistance to disease or stress) can be made on the basis of metal levels found in mussels during this study, as no guidelines are available for this purpose.

Implications for human health Metal levels in the mussels harvested during this study complied with guidelines for the maintenance of seafood safe for human consumption, indicating that in terms of the metals investigated during this study, they were safe for human consumption.


7.2.2. Tributyltin (TBT)

Implications for mussel health It is likely that TBT will affect each stage of a mussel’s life cycle (Planktonic larvae (~1 month duration), juvenile (< 1 year) and adult) in a different way. Thain (1983) reported a 48 hour LC50 of 2300 ng/L for mussel larvae. Using different techniques Beaumont and Budd (1984) found a 15 day LC50 of 100 ng/L, with surviving larvae growing more slowly. Working on juveniles in San Diego Bay, Salazar and Salazar (1991) estimated that the minimum TBT concentrations which would cause significant reductions in growth rates of mussels were 100 ng/L for seawater and 1500 ng/g for tissue. Page and Widdows (1991) undertook a literature review on the effects of TBT in adult mussels and produced a three level division of effects of varying levels of TBT in mussel tissue: 1. 4-36 ng/g (wet weight) – virtually no significant effects observable in adult mussels; 2. 36-146 ng/g (wet weight) – moderate TBT inputs (no description of effects given); and 3. >146 ng/g (wet weight) – heavy TBT inputs; significant biological effects in adult mussels

that can be measured. Page et al. (1995) demonstrated that accumulation of TBT was greatest within the gill tissue, while Widdows et al. (1995) found that TBT’s primary mechanism of toxicity in the mussel is the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation at concentrations above ~15 ng/g wet weight. TBT’s secondary mechanism of toxicity is via a neurotoxic effect on the gill’s ciliary activity, which causes a rapid decline in feeding rate at concentrations above 4000 ng/g dry weight (~300 ng/g wet weight). Based on the above discussion, the data obtained in this study indicate that TBT inputs may be affecting mussel growth rates at Swan Yacht Club, East Fremantle Yacht Club and Perth Flying Squadron, but having no significant effects at Royal Freshwater Bay Yacht Club, Royal Perth Yacht Club or South of Perth Yacht Club.

Implications for human health It is known that organotins have an endocrine disrupting ability, and a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 15 µg of TBT (6000 ng of Sn) per person per day (for a 60 kg person) has been set, on the basis of reduced immune function (WWF 1999). Other studies have set a similar recommended TDI (for example 18 µg of TBT-oxide per 60 kg person per day (WHO 1999). Most attempts to determine whether the level of organotin intake by humans is at a level to cause concern have suggested that contamination falls short of reaching tolerable or accepted daily intakes. Other studies have, however, suggested that TDIs are being reached in parts of the world (WWF 1999). Based on the highest concentration recorded during this study (140 ng Sn/g wet weight), an individual would only need to consume 43 g of mussel flesh (~6 mussels) each day in order to reach the TDI. The Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare, however, has proposed a much higher acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 90 µg of TBT (36000 ng of Sn) per person per day (for a 60 kg person) (IMO 1989), which would only be reached following ingestion of >200 mussels. The mussel tissue concentrations found in this study can also be compared to those obtained from areas of ‘known’ contamination status. Mussels collected from sites surrounding the Kwinana Grain Terminal in 1998 (Enzer 1999) exhibited mean concentrations between 1 ng Sn/g and 29 ng Sn/g, with the greatest individual measurement being 54 ng Sn/g. Thus at these concentrations a relatively large number of mussels would need to be consumed to reach the TDI (> 20). This range of TBT concentrations was considered to be low (Enzer 1999), and mussel farming continued. The data obtained from this study indicate that mussels from most yacht club sites in the Swan River are unlikely to cause human health issues related to TBT content. Human health issues due to the consumption of mussels from jetty pylons at East Fremantle and Perth Flying Squadron yacht clubs are also unlikely (given that most people don’t eat mussels


every day, nor would there be enough mussels to do this), but the TBT levels are sufficient to warrant further detailed health risk assessment to confirm this.

TBT in sediment, mussels and seawater The concentrations of TBT in sediments and mussels did not exhibit a consistent relationship. For example at sites S_mid and PFS_mid, concentrations of TBT in mussels (wet weight) were generally much higher than the concentrations in the nearby sediments (dry weight). At other sites at which mussels were collected (for example RF_northeast and RP_mid), the concentrations of TBT in mussels and sediments were more similar. In December 1998 the DEP collected sediment samples and mussel tissue samples from sites in Cockburn Sound. The mussel tissue samples exhibited up to a 6-fold higher concentration of TBT than the sediment samples at the Kwinana Grain Terminal sites. At a site at Northern Garden Island TBT was undetectable in the sediment while a relatively high concentration (21 ng/g) was recorded from mussel tissue (Enzer 1999). The differences in the sediment and mussel tissue concentrations, especially at the Northern Garden Island site, are likely to be due in part to the exposure of the mussels to non-particulate TBT from commercial shipping operations. The large differences recorded from some sites may indicate that the sediment sampling locations missed a ‘hot spot’ of sediment contamination which is present elsewhere within the site and is leading to a high degree of contamination of mussels nearby. The differences may also indicate that there are active sources of non-particulate TBT close to the piles from which the mussels were collected. Belleng VDM undertook water quality sampling at sites adjacent to the main slipway/cleaning area of each club, with three replicate surface samples tested for TBT and its breakdown products DBT and MBT. TBT was detected within most of the samples taken. Concentrations of TBT in exceedance of the ANZECC (2000) trigger value for 95% species protection12 (6 ng/L) were recorded from Aquarama, Perth Flying Squadron, Claremont and South of Perth yacht clubs. Concentrations of TBT in exceedance of the ANZECC (2000) trigger value for 90% species protection13 (20 ng/L) were recorded from Aquarama (33 ng/L) and Perth Flying Squadron (28 ng/L) yacht clubs. Concentrations of DBT were generally similar, or slightly lower, than the concentrations of TBT. These data suggests that active sources of TBT are present within these clubs, and that TBT is not solely present in the form of paint flakes within the sediment.

12 95% of species expected to be protected (ANZECC/ARMCANZ 2000). Applicable to slightly-moderately disturbed ecosystems. 13 90% of species expected to be protected (ANZECC/ARMCANZ 2000). Applicable for use, under some circumstances, to highly disturbed ecosystems.


7.3. Management measures currently in place Data indicated very high concentrations of TBT adjacent to slipways and hull pressure-blasting/scrubbing areas. This suggests that significant amounts of the paint and marine growth removed from the hulls during these processes have in the past, and possibly still are, finding their way back into the river. During the initial site visits conducted at each club, only Royal Freshwater Bay yacht club and Swan yacht club reported the interceptor trap to be working properly and cleaned regularly. Several clubs had no system of interceptors etc in place to prevent the return of paint flakes etc to the river (East Fremantle, Claremont [though slipway currently closed]) while South of Perth reported that their interceptor traps had not been operating effectively until recently (November 2006). The interceptor trap at South of Perth yacht club is shown in Figure 7.1 and Figure 7.2. Aquarama and Royal Perth have had interceptor traps in place for ~10 years, but it was noted that either they are not routinely cleaned, or that hull scrapings may still enter the river via other pathways (i.e. stormwater runoff from maintenance areas). Perth Flying Squadron has recently had an interceptor fitted (Summer 2007).

Figure 7.1 Inteceptor trap adjacent to hull wash-down area (South of Perth yacht club)

Figure 7.2 Inside interceptor trap

The data presented in this report, do not, however, indicate any obvious relationship between the state of interceptor traps (presence, date installed, maintenance etc) and the maximum concentration of TBT in sediments within the yacht clubs. The Swan yacht club and Maylands boatyard recorded the lowest maximum TBT concentrations, and this is likely to be the result of efficient interceptor traps (since 2001/2002) and periodic dredging (Swan) and low activity including hull scraping and repainting (Maylands). Of particular concern are the high results recorded from sites not immediately adjacent to hull cleaning and wash down areas, and not fitting into the pattern of decreasing contamination with increasing distance from the anticipated main source. These are as follows; site S_east (723 mg/kg) and EF_westfar (87.9 mg/kg). These high results may be due to a previously unidentified source, including unknown activities in the past, an unmapped discharge from a wash-down area or an illegal user of TBT-based paints.


8. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by Spencer Shute (Oceanica) and Karen Hillman (Oceanica). Sediment sampling and collection of mussels was undertaken by Spencer Shute, Karen Crawley, Hamish Maitland and Lotte Horn (Oceanica). Figure preparation was completed by Philip Kindleysides (Oceanica) and Sherri Brown (How Now Graphics). Special thanks to the Swan River Trust for provision of their vessel ‘Wilma Vincent’ and help of the crew during the sampling programme, and to Belleng VDM and the yacht clubs for making their survey data available. Thanks also to the managers of each yacht club for their cooperation, including tours around each site and explanations of the current and historic activities undertaken within each club.


9. References ANZECC/ARMCANZ. 2000, Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water

Quality. Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council & Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand, National Water Quality Management Strategy No. 4.

Astruc, M., Lavigne, R., Pinel, R., Desauziers, V., Quevauviller, P. and Donard, O. F. X. 1989, ‘Speciation of trace tin in sediments of Arcachon Bay’, In; Metal Speciation, Separation and Recovery, Patterson, J. W. and Passino, R. (eds).,Lewis Publishers, Rome. Vol 2, pp 263-281.

Batley, G. E. 1995, In: Zann, L. P. and Sutton, D. C. (eds) State of the Marine Environment Report for Australia: Pollution – Technical Annex 2. Heavy metals and tributyltin in Australian coastal and estuarine waters. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Beaumont, A. R., and Budd, M. D. 1984, ‘High mortality of the larvae of the common mussel at low concentrations of tributyltin’, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol 15, pp 402-405.

Champ, M.A. 2003, ‘Economic and environmental impacts on ports and harbours from the convention to ban harmful marine anti-fouling systems’, Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol 46, pp 935-940.

Department of Environment. 2003, Contaminated Sites Management Series: Draft Assessment Levels for Soil, Sediment and Water. Version 3. November 2003.

Dowson, P. H., Bubb, J. M. and Lester, J. N. 1996, Persistence and degradation pathways of tributyltin in freshwater and estuarine sediments. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. Vol 42, pp 551-562.

Dowson, P. H., Bubb, J. M. and Lester, J. N. 1993, Depositional profiles and relationships between organotin compounds in freshwater and estuarine sediment cores, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol 28, pp 145-160.

Enzer Marine Environmental Consulting. 1999, TBT in sediments and mussels in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia. Report to Fisheries Western Australia.

EPA. 2005a, Environmental Quality Criteria Reference Document for Cockburn Sound (2003-2004). A supporting document to the State Environmental (Cockburn Sound) Policy 2005, EPA Report 20.

Gibson, C. P and Wilson, S. P. 2003, Imposex still evident in eastern Australia 10 years after tributyltin restrictions, Marine Environmental Research, Vol 55, pp 101-112.

IMO. 1989, Assessment of organotin compounds as marine pollutants and proposed measure for the Mediterranean. Scientific Group on Dumping. 12th meeting, 10-14 April 1989, International Maritime Organisation, LDC/SG12/INF 2.

Jorundsdottir, K., Svavarsson, J. and Leung, K. 2005, Imposex levels in the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus – continuing improvement at high latitudes, Marine Pollution Bulletin (Article in Press).

Langston, W. J. and Burt, G. R. 1991, Bioavailability and Effects of Sediment-Bound TBT in Deposit-Feeding Clams, Scrobicularia Plana. Marine Environmental Research. Vol 32, pp 61-77.

Natural Heritage Trust. 2004, Tributyltin (TBT) Analysis Protocol Development and Current Contamination Assessment. A report from the Natural Heritage Trust (Coasts and Clean Seas) Project No. 25425.

Oceanica Consulting Pty Ltd. 2007, Tributyltin and Heavy Metal Survey in the Swan River: Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP). April 2007. Prepared for the Swan River Trust. Report No. 581/1.

O’Connor T. P. 2001, National distribution of chemical concentrations in mussels and oysters in the USA. Marine Environmental Research, Vol 53, pp 117–143.

Page, D. S. and Widdows, J. 1991, Temporal and spatial variation in levels of alkytins in mussel tissues: A toxicological interpretation of field data. Marine Environmental Research 32, 113-129.


Page, D. S., Dassanayake, T. M. and Gilfillan, E. S. 1995, Tissue distribution and depuration of tributyltin for field-exposed Mytilus edulis. Marine Environmental Research, Vol 40, 409-421.

Rees, C., Brady, B. and Fabris, G. 1999, Assessment of Imposex in whelks (Thais orbita) from Port Philip Bay. Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute, Report No. 14.

Salazar, M. H., and Salazar, S. M. 1991, Assessing site-specific effects of TBT contamination with mussel growth rates, Marine Environmental Research, Vol 32, pp 131-150.

Thain, J. E. 1983, The acute toxicity of bis (tributyltin) oxide to the adults and larvae of some marine organisms. ICES Paper CM 1983/E:13. International Council for Exploration of the Sea, Copenhagen.

US Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Tributyltin (TBT) – Final. EPA 822-R-03-031.

Waldock, M. J., Thain, J. E., Smith, D. and Milton, S. 1990, The degradation of TBT in estuarine sediments. In; 3rd International Organotin Symposium Proceedings, Monaco, 17-20th April 1990. IAEA, pp 176-177.

World Health Organization. 1999, Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 14: Tributyltin Oxide.

Widdows, J., Donkin, P., Brinsley, M. D., Evans, S. V., Salkeld, P. N., Franklin, A., Law, R. J. and Waldock, M. J. 1995, Scope for growth and contaminant levels in North Sea mussels Mytilus edulis, Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol 127, pp 131-148.

World Health Organisation. 1990, Environmental Health Criteria 116: tributyltin compounds.

World Wildlife Fund (UK). 1999, The accumulation and impact of organotins on marine mammals, seabirds and fish for human consumption. Project 98054. pp 26.

Wright, P. N. 2004, Organotins in the Marine Environment-A review of work since 2000. WWF-UK.

Appendix A

Laboratory Reports – Sediment metals & TBT (Batch 1)

Australian Government____________________________________________National Measurement Institute

REPORT OF ANALYSISPage: 1 of 48

Report No. RN625197Client : OCEANICA CONSULTING Job No. : OCEA26/070529

PO BOX 3172 Quote No. : QT-00782 LPO BROADWAY Order No. : 581 NEDLANDS WA 6009 Date Sampled : Date Received : 25-MAY-2007

Attention : SPENCER SHUTE Sampled By : CLIENTProject Name : Your Client Services Manager : BRIAN WOODWARD Phone : (02) 94490151

Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013963 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_MID_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013964 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_MID_B 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013965 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_MID_C 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013966 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_NORTH_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581

Lab Reg No. W07/013963 W07/013964 W07/013965 W07/013966Sample Reference . . . .

Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 0.91 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 2.4 3.4 1.9 0.62 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 8.7 8.8 11 0.74 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007

Danny Slee, Section ManagerOrganics - NSWAccreditation No. 198

9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 0.71 0.67 0.53 0.61 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 0.87 1.1 0.6 <0.5 NT2_49

This report is issued in accordance with NATA’s accreditation requirements1 Suakin Street, Pymble NSW 2073 Tel: +61 2 9449 0111 Fax: +61 2 9449 1653 www.measurement.gov.au_______________________________________________________________________________________

N a t i o n a l M e a s u r e m e n t I n s t i t u t e


Report No. RN625197Lab Reg No. W07/013963 W07/013964 W07/013965 W07/013966Sample Reference . . . .

Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 0.67 0.84 0.52 <0.5 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 1.7 1.9 1.1 0.68 NT2_49

W07/013963-14055.Method used: 1g of sample+50ml 1M HCL shaken at room temperature for 1 hour. Please disregard the above method.

Jim Huang, AnalystInorganics - NSWAccreditation No. 198

9-JUL-2007

1 Suakin Street, Pymble NSW 2073 Tel: +61 2 9449 0111 Fax: +61 2 9449 1653 www.measurement.gov.au_______________________________________________________________________________________






Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013967 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_EAST_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013968 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_WEST_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013969 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_WEST_B 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013970 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_WEST_C 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 8.3 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 28 9.3 15 11 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 340 12 13 13 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 0.57 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 0.95 0.89 1.7 0.75 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 1 0.59 1 0.53 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 1.9 1.5 2.5 1 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013971 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_MID_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013972 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_MID_B 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013973 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_MID_C 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013974 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_NORTH_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 2.0 0.8 1.4 6.9 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 15 1.1 1.7 7.1 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 0.64 0.58 0.69 1.1 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.3 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 1.7 0.85 1.2 2.9 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013975 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_EAST_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013976 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_EAST_B 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013977 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_EAST_C 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013978 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_WEST_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 4.0 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 0.57 0.80 0.77 14 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 0.78 0.66 19 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg <0.5 0.56 <0.5 1.2 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg <0.5 0.51 3.2 1.4 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 1 1.3 1.1 2.2 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013979 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_WEST_B 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013980 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_WEST_C 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013981 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_MID_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013982 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_MID_B 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 3.5 3.3 66 63 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 17 8.7 200 200 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 58 14 760 880 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 2 1.2 3.7 3.1 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 1.3 0.83 2.3 2.9 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 2.9 2.4 4.8 6.2 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013983 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_MID_C 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013984 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_NORTH_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013985 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_EAST_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013986 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_EAST_B 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 45 0.61 5.8 13 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 150 32 33 42 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 500 38 65 200 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg <0.5 0.82 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 2.6 3.1 1.1 1.1 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 2.5 5 1.9 1.5 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 4.3 8.8 2.8 2.3 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013987 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_EAST_C 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013988 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTNEAR_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013989 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTNEAR_B 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013990 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTNEAR_C 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 11 1.2 1.1 0.72 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 31 12 14 12 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 140 21 13 14 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.53 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 0.95 1.4 1.5 1.7 NT2_49







9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013991 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTMID_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013992 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTFAR_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013993 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTH_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013994 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTH_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 3.2 2.3 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 30 7.0 7.7 15 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 37 290 62 18 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 1 1.4 0.54 0.51 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 4.9 6.4 3 2.8 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 6.8 8.9 5.9 7.2 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 14 19 14 16 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013995 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTH_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013996 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTHEAST_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013997 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTHEAST_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013998 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTHEAST_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 3.2 12 3.9 7.4 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 37 140 83 210 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 45 410 210 870 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007







Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 6 5.1 5.2 8.9 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 15 12 24 26 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013999 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_EAST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014000 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_SOUTHNEAR_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014001 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_SOUTHNEAR_B 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014002 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_SOUTHNEAR_C 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 1.3 1.3 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 3.0 1.2 2.5 1.7 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 6.6 2.7 8.1 2.1 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007







Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 2.8 1.2 1.6 1 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 7.4 3.9 5.3 3.4 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014003 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_SOUTHFAR_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014004 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_MID_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014005 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_MID_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014006 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_MID_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 15 14 4.1 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 5.2 16 17 17 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 6.4 27 20 29 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 0.65 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 2.2 1.3 1.5 3.7 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 4.9 1.1 1.7 2.4 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 12 1.6 2.3 3.9 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014007 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_EAST_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014008 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_SOUTH_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014009 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_WEST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014010 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_MID_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 0.38 1.5 1.0 11 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 18 <0.5 14 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 21 0.52 120 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg <0.5 0.8 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg <0.5 5.5 <0.5 3.1 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 0.81 17 0.85 1.2 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 1.2 23 1.5 5 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014011 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_MID_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014012 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_MID_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014013 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_NORTHEAST_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014014 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_NORTHEAST_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 12 13 3.2 3.8 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 17 16 2.8 6.0 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 54 42 3.8 14 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007









9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014015 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_NORTHEAST_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014016 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_SOUTHEAST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014017 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_WEST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014018 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_MID_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 2.8 1.5 <0.5 10 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 2.9 5.0 0.60 21 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 8.3 6.7 <0.5 38 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg <0.5 0.66 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 1.6 5.6 1.3 5.7 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 0.75 4.3 1.2 2.5 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 3 16 3.5 9.4 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014019 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_MID_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014020 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_MID_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014021 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_MIDFAR_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014022 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_EAST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 1.8 2.2 <0.5 1.6 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 19 32 7.0 29 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 27 110 14 51 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 0.6 0.57 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 1.1 0.88 1.6 1.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 7.4 6.6 14 13 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 6.8 5.2 12 11 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 22 17 35 33 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014023 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_EAST_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014024 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_EAST_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014025 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_WEST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014026 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_WEST_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 1.2 <0.5 <0.5 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 26 29 4.7 6.4 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 56 57 8.8 16 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg 0.51 0.61 0.57 0.68 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 12 13 7.6 8.2 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 11 11 10 11 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 32 34 30 31 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014027 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_WEST_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014028 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_NORTHWEST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014029 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_MID_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014030 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_MID_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 0.58 0.82 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 8.6 3.0 10 6.7 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 14 6.0 20 18 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg 0.55 0.54 0.61 0.66 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 8.6 6.7 14 14 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 12 10 12 12 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 0.52 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 34 28 36 36 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014031 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_MID_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014032 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_NORTH_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014033 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_NORTH_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014034 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_NORTH_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 1.7 5.9 4.2 4.9 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 13 14 9.0 9.1 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 33 190 160 18 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg 0.61 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 1.4 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 15 2 3.2 2.6 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 12 1.6 2 2.2 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 36 6.1 6.4 7 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014035 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_EAST_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014036 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_SOUTH_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014037 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_SOUTH_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014038 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_SOUTH_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 2.8 2.4 4.3 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 4.6 4.9 3.2 6.4 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 9.4 13 11 17 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 1.2 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 5.9 2.4 1.8 2.9 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 8.8 1.9 1.5 2.3 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 26 5.7 4.5 6.7 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014039 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_MID_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014040 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_MID_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014041 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_MID_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014042 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_NORTH_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 11 3.9 23 <0.5 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 160 40 170 8.2 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 1500 170 530 21 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 0.99 0.6 0.7 0.74 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 15 15 26 7.3 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 12 7.3 8.2 5.7 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg 0.65 0.6 0.58 0.81 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 34 25 33 22 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014043 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_NORTH_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014044 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_NORTH_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014045 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_EAST_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014046 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_SOUTH_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 13 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 3.9 6.4 3.8 51 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 15 19 13 86 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 0.7 0.7 0.57 0.63 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 7 5.8 3.7 11 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 5.7 5.1 3.9 8.4 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg 0.81 0.57 0.68 0.87 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 22 20 15 20 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014047 . MARINE SEDIMENT R1_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014048 . MARINE SEDIMENT R1_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014049 . MARINE SEDIMENT R1_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014050 . MARINE SEDIMENT R2_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.77 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2.4 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 0.87 0.72 0.71 4.8 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 2.3 1.9 1.9 16 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014051 . MARINE SEDIMENT R2_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014052 . MARINE SEDIMENT R2_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014053 . MARINE SEDIMENT R3_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014054 . MARINE SEDIMENT R3_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 0.65 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg 0.64 0.92 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg 2 3.2 0.53 <0.5 NT2_49





Units MethodTrace Elements Lead mg/kg 4 6 0.51 <0.5 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 0.53 <0.5 <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 13 19 1.8 1.1 NT2_49


9-JUL-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014055 . MARINE SEDIMENT R3_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581

Lab Reg No. W07/014055Sample Reference .

Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 4-JUN-2007 Date analysed 25-JUN-2007


9-JUL-2007

Lab Reg No. W07/014055Sample Reference .

Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg <0.5 NT2_49 Cadmium mg/kg <0.5 NT2_49 Chromium mg/kg <0.5 NT2_49 Copper mg/kg <0.5 NT2_49 Lead mg/kg <0.5 NT2_49 Nickel mg/kg <0.5 NT2_49 Zinc mg/kg 1.6 NT2_49




Report No. RN625197Lab Reg No. W07/014055Sample Reference .

Units Method


9-JUL-2007

Samples sieved and dried prior to analysis.

This report is issued in accordance with NATA’saccreditation requirements.Accreditated for compliance with ISO/IEC 17025.This report shall not be reproduced except in full.Results relate only to the sample(s) tested.

This Report supersedes reports: RN620357 RN625156



of 1

QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORT

Client: OCEANICA CONSULTING

NMI QA Report No: OCEA26/070529 Sample Matrix: Sediment

Analyte Method LOR Blank Sample Duplicates RecoveriesSample Duplicate RPD LCS Matrix Spike

ng/g ng/g ng/g ng/g % % %Organics Section

Organotin W07/014013 Blank SoilMonobutyltin NR_35 0.5 <0.5 3.2 3.6 12 89 120Dibutyltin NR_35 0.5 <0.5 2.8 3.1 10 118 116Tributyltin* NR_35 0.5 <0.5 3.8 8.4 75 123 119

Results expressed in percentage (%) or ng/g wherever appropriate.Acceptable Spike recovery is 20-150% (monobutyltin); 40-150% (dibutyltin and tributyltin)Acceptable RPDs on spikes and duplicates is 40%. 'NA' = Not Applicable. RPD= Relative Percentage Difference.This report shall not be reproduced except in full.*High RPD: sample heterogeneity suspected.

Signed:Danny SleeOrganics Manager, NMI-Pymble

Date: 5/07/2007

Australian Government

National Measurement Institute

1 Suakin Street, Pymble NSW 2073 Tel: +61 2 9449 0111 Fax: +61 2 9449 1653 www.measurement.gov.au


of 1






Organotin W07/014000 Blank SoilMonobutyltin NR_35 0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 - 64 120Dibutyltin NR_35 0.5 <0.5 1.2 1.6 29 64 116Tributyltin NR_35 0.5 <0.5 2.7 4.0 39 80 119

Results expressed in percentage (%) or ng/g wherever appropriate.Acceptable Spike recovery is 20-150% (monobutyltin); 40-150% (dibutyltin and tributyltin)Acceptable RPDs on spikes and duplicates is 40%. 'NA' = Not Applicable. RPD= Relative Percentage Difference.This report shall not be reproduced except in full.


Date: 5/07/2007





of 1






Organotin W07/013989 Blank SoilMonobutyltin NR_35 0.5 <0.5 1.1 1.2 9 124 69Dibutyltin* NR_35 0.5 <0.5 14 22 44 124 112Tributyltin* NR_35 0.5 <0.5 13 21 47 100 89



Date: 5/07/2007





of 1






Organotin W07/013980 Blank SoilMonobutyltin NR_35 0.5 <0.5 3.3 2.4 32 124 69Dibutyltin* NR_35 0.5 <0.5 8.7 3.1 95 124 112Tributyltin NR_35 0.5 <0.5 14 16 13 100 89



Date: 5/07/2007





of 1






Organotin W07/014041 Blank SoilMonobutyltin NR_35 0.5 <0.5 23 18 24 89 120Dibutyltin* NR_35 0.5 <0.5 170 70 83 118 116Tributyltin* NR_35 0.5 <0.5 530 230 79 123 119



Date: 5/07/2007





Appendix B

Laboratory Reports – Sediment TOC (Batch 1)






Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013963/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_MID_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013964/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_MID_B 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013965/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_MID_C 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013966/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_NORTH_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581

Lab Reg No. W07/013963/1 W07/013964/1 W07/013965/1 W07/013966/1Sample Reference . . . .

Units MethodMiscellaneous Total Organic Carbon mg/kg 6200 8800 7200 6100 NW_S15

Wei Huang, AnalystInorganics - NSWAccreditation No. 198

6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013967/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_EAST_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013968/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_WEST_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013969/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_WEST_B 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013970/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_WEST_C 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013971/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_MID_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013972/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_MID_B 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013973/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_MID_C 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013974/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_NORTH_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013975/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_EAST_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013976/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_EAST_B 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013977/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_EAST_C 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013978/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_WEST_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013979/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT AQ_WEST_B 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013981/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_MID_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013982/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_MID_B 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013983/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_MID_C 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013984/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_NORTH_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013985/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_EAST_A 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013986/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_EAST_B 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013987/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_EAST_C 11/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013988/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTNEAR_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013990/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTNEAR_C 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013991/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTMID_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013992/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTFAR_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013993/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTH_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013994/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTH_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013995/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTH_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013996/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTHEAST_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/013997/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTHEAST_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013998/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_NORTHEAST_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/013999/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_EAST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014000/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_SOUTHNEAR_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014001/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_SOUTHNEAR_B 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014002/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_SOUTHNEAR_C 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014003/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RF_SOUTHFAR_A 15/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014004/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_MID_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014005/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_MID_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014006/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_MID_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014007/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_EAST_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014008/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_SOUTH_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014009/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT C_WEST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014010/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_MID_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014011/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_MID_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014012/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_MID_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014013/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_NORTHEAST_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014014/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_NORTHEAST_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014015/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_NORTHEAST_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014016/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_SOUTHEAST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014017/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT PFS_WEST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014018/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_MID_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014019/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_MID_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014020/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_MID_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014021/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_MIDFAR_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014022/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_EAST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014023/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_EAST_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014024/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_EAST_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014025/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_WEST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014026/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_WEST_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014027/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_WEST_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014028/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT RP_NORTHWEST_A 22/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014029/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_MID_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014030/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_MID_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014032/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_NORTH_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014033/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_NORTH_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014034/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_NORTH_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014035/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_EAST_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014036/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_SOUTH_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014037/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_SOUTH_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014038/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT SP_SOUTH_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014039/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_MID_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014040/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_MID_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014041/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_MID_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014042/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_NORTH_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014043/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_NORTH_B 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014044/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_NORTH_C 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014045/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_EAST_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014046/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_SOUTH_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014047/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT R1_A 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014048/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT R1_B 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014049/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT R1_C 14/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014050/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT R2_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014051/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT R2_B 24/05/07


SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014053/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT R3_A 24/05/07

SWAN RIVER JOB 581




6-AUG-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014054/1 . MARINE SEDIMENT R3_B 24/05/07


SWAN RIVER JOB 581

Lab Reg No. W07/014054/1 W07/014055/1Sample Reference . .

Units MethodMiscellaneous Total Organic Carbon mg/kg 1900 2100 NW_S15


6-AUG-2007

All results are expressed on a dry weight basis.





Appendix C

Laboratory Reports – Sediment metals & TBT (Batch 2)




PO BOX 3172 Quote No. : QT-00782 LPO BROADWAY Order No. : 581 NEDLANDS WA 6009 Date Sampled : Date Received : 1-AUG-2007


Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/020801 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_EAST_B SWAN RIVER

11/05/07W07/020802 . MARINE SEDIMENT S_EAST_C SWAN RIVER

11/05/07W07/020803 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_MID_DEEP_A SWAN

RIVER 15/05/07W07/020804 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTFAR_B SWAN

RIVER 15/05/07


Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 0.88 1.9 7.5 <0.5 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 2.0 5.0 54 6.9 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 4.0 4.5 110 4.4 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 6-AUG-2007 6-AUG-2007 6-AUG-2007 6-AUG-2007 Date analysed 7-AUG-2007 7-AUG-2007 7-AUG-2007 7-AUG-2007


24-AUG-2007


Units MethodTrace Elements Total Solids % 73 74.3 77 43.2 NT2_49





Units Method

Nasir Shikdar, AnalystInorganics - NSWAccreditation No. 198

24-AUG-2007




24-AUG-2007





PO BOX 3172 Quote No. : QT-00782 LPO BROADWAY Order No. : 581 NEDLANDS WA 6009 Date Sampled : Date Received : 1-AUG-2007


Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/020805 . MARINE SEDIMENT EF_WESTFAR_C SWAN

RIVER 15/05/07W07/020806 . MARINE SEDIMENT M_MID_DEEP_A SWAN

RIVER 24/05/07

Lab Reg No. W07/020805 W07/020806Sample Reference . .

Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <0.5 12 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 7.5 420 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 5.4 350 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 6-AUG-2007 6-AUG-2007 Date analysed 7-AUG-2007 7-AUG-2007


24-AUG-2007

Lab Reg No. W07/020805 W07/020806Sample Reference . .

Units MethodTrace Elements Total Solids % 46 27.8 NT2_49

Nasir Shikdar, AnalystInorganics - NSWAccreditation No. 198

24-AUG-2007




Report No. RN633711Lab Reg No. W07/020805 W07/020806Sample Reference . .

Units MethodMiscellaneous Total Organic Carbon mg/kg 37000 51000 NW_S15


24-AUG-2007

All results are expressed on a dry weight basis.


This Report supersedes reports: RN631315 RN633627 RN633688



Appendix D

Laboratory Reports – Mussel metals & TBT






Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014147 S_MID_A MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014150 EF_MID_A MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014152 . MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581 RF_NORTHEAST_AW07/014155 PFS_MID_A MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581

Lab Reg No. W07/014147 W07/014150 W07/014152 W07/014155Sample Reference S_MID_A EF_MID_A . PFS_MID_A

Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <1 2.6 <1 2.9 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 9.7 38 10 23 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 12 140 1.2 76 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


28-JUN-2007

Lab Reg No. W07/014147 W07/014150 W07/014152 W07/014155Sample Reference S_MID_A EF_MID_A . PFS_MID_A

Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic inorganic mg/kg <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 <0.04 NT2_56 Cadmium mg/kg 0.1 0.16 0.16 0.16 NT2_46 Chromium mg/kg 0.07 0.09 <0.05 <0.05 NT2_46 Copper mg/kg 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.8 NT2_46 Lead mg/kg 0.17 0.28 0.22 0.21 NT2_46 Mercury mg/kg 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 NT2_46 Nickel mg/kg 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.06 NT2_46 Zinc mg/kg 24 45 35 31 NT2_46

This report is issued in accordance with NATA’s accreditation requirments1 Suakin Street, Pymble NSW 2073 Tel: +61 2 9449 0111 Fax: +61 2 9449 1653 www.measurement.gov.au_______________________________________________________________________________________



Report No. RN623704Lab Reg No. W07/014147 W07/014150 W07/014152 W07/014155Sample Reference S_MID_A EF_MID_A . PFS_MID_A

Units Method

Ling Shuang Lu, AnalystInorganics - NSWAccreditation No. 198

28-JUN-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014158 RP_MID_A MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014161 SP_MID_A MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581

Lab Reg No. W07/014158 W07/014161Sample Reference RP_MID_A SP_MID_A

Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 4.0 <1 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 9.8 8.1 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g <1 4.6 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


28-JUN-2007

Lab Reg No. W07/014158 W07/014161Sample Reference RP_MID_A SP_MID_A

Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic inorganic mg/kg <0.04 <0.04 NT2_56 Cadmium mg/kg 0.25 0.11 NT2_46 Chromium mg/kg 0.08 0.06 NT2_46 Copper mg/kg 1.2 1.8 NT2_46 Lead mg/kg 0.13 0.15 NT2_46 Mercury mg/kg 0.01 <0.01 NT2_46 Nickel mg/kg 0.09 0.06 NT2_46 Zinc mg/kg 23 16 NT2_46




Report No. RN623704Lab Reg No. W07/014158 W07/014161Sample Reference RP_MID_A SP_MID_A

Units Method


28-JUN-2007

All results are reported on ’as received’ basis.










Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014148 S_MID_B MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014149 S_MID_C MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014151 EF_MID_B MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014153 . MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581 RF_NORTHEAST_B

Lab Reg No. W07/014148 W07/014149 W07/014151 W07/014153Sample Reference S_MID_B S_MID_C EF_MID_B .

Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <1 <1 7.2 <1 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 12 14 40 10 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 28 50 87 1.9 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


28-JUN-2007

Lab Reg No. W07/014148 W07/014149 W07/014151 W07/014153Sample Reference S_MID_B S_MID_C EF_MID_B .

Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.9 NT2_46 Cadmium mg/kg 0.1 0.09 0.19 0.16 NT2_46 Chromium mg/kg 0.06 0.07 0.33 <0.05 NT2_46 Copper mg/kg 1 1.8 1.8 1.5 NT2_46 Lead mg/kg 0.15 0.2 0.41 0.17 NT2_46 Mercury mg/kg 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 NT2_46 Nickel mg/kg 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.06 NT2_46 Zinc mg/kg 23 25 58 25 NT2_46

This report is issued in accordance with NATA’s accreditation requirments1 Suakin Street, Pymble NSW 2073 Tel: +61 2 9449 0111 Fax: +61 2 9449 1653 www.measurement.gov.au_______________________________________________________________________________________



Report No. RN623707Lab Reg No. W07/014148 W07/014149 W07/014151 W07/014153Sample Reference S_MID_B S_MID_C EF_MID_B .

Units Method


28-JUN-2007







Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014154 . MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581 RF_NORTHEAST_CW07/014156 PFS_MID_B MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014157 PFS_MID_C MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014159 RP_MID_B MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581

Lab Reg No. W07/014154 W07/014156 W07/014157 W07/014159Sample Reference . PFS_MID_B PFS_MID_C RP_MID_B

Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g <1 <1 4.9 <1 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 9.8 23 22 5.2 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g 9.1 50 15 <1 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


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Lab Reg No. W07/014154 W07/014156 W07/014157 W07/014159Sample Reference . PFS_MID_B PFS_MID_C RP_MID_B

Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.9 NT2_46 Cadmium mg/kg 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.17 NT2_46 Chromium mg/kg <0.05 0.05 0.06 0.12 NT2_46 Copper mg/kg 1.4 2.9 2.9 1.4 NT2_46 Lead mg/kg 0.18 0.23 0.2 0.18 NT2_46 Mercury mg/kg 0.02 0.01 0.01 <0.01 NT2_46 Nickel mg/kg 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.06 NT2_46 Zinc mg/kg 31 30 26 19 NT2_46




Report No. RN623707Lab Reg No. W07/014154 W07/014156 W07/014157 W07/014159Sample Reference . PFS_MID_B PFS_MID_C RP_MID_B

Units Method


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Lab Reg No. Sample Ref Sample DescriptionW07/014160 RP_MID_C MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014162 SP_MID_B MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581W07/014163 SP_MID_C MUSSELS SWAN RIVER JOB 581

Lab Reg No. W07/014160 W07/014162 W07/014163Sample Reference RP_MID_C SP_MID_B SP_MID_C

Units MethodOrganotins Monobutyltin as Sn ng/g 3.1 <1 1.1 NR_35 Dibutyltin as Sn ng/g 12 8.4 7.7 NR_35 Tributyltin as Sn ng/g <1 7.1 <1 NR_35 Dates Date extracted 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 12-JUN-2007 Date analysed 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007 15-JUN-2007


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Lab Reg No. W07/014160 W07/014162 W07/014163Sample Reference RP_MID_C SP_MID_B SP_MID_C

Units MethodTrace Elements Arsenic mg/kg 2 1.3 1.4 NT2_46 Cadmium mg/kg 0.23 0.12 0.12 NT2_46 Chromium mg/kg 0.09 <0.05 <0.05 NT2_46 Copper mg/kg 1.3 1.7 2 NT2_46 Lead mg/kg 0.16 0.17 0.2 NT2_46 Mercury mg/kg 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 NT2_46 Nickel mg/kg 0.06 0.06 0.07 NT2_46 Zinc mg/kg 29 17 16 NT2_46




Report No. RN623707Lab Reg No. W07/014160 W07/014162 W07/014163Sample Reference RP_MID_C SP_MID_B SP_MID_C

Units Method


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All results are reported on ’as received’ basis.





Tributyltin and Heavy Metal Survey in the Swan River Swan ... · Heavy metals present in...

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