TRIAS eGovernment introduction

eGOV: Introduction

Monica PalmiraniCIRSFID – University of BolognaLaw Faculty

Trias Telematica – Leonardo 2

CIRSFID – School of Law CIRSFID is an interdisciplinary center of research of the

University of Bologna – Italy It was funded in 1986 inside School of Law by prof. Enrico

Pattaro Very active in European and national research projects –

TRIAS, LEFIS Strong attitude to promote and organize undergraduate,

post-graduate courses Training for legal operators – lifelong-learning

Tribunals (judges, clerks) Public Administrations (directors, employees, politician) Legal professionals (advocates, consultants) Legislative operators (parliament, region, municipality

clerks)


CIRSFID’s courses in Legal Informatics and ICT Law 1989 - Two Doctorates: ICT Law and Bioethics 2002 - Master’s course of Legal Informatics

and ICT Law at the Bologna University School of Law, in coordination with EULISP (European Legal Informatics Study Programme)

2003 – founded the Three-year Undergraduate Programme Computer Science and Law of Bologna University School of Law

2004 - founded the Two-year Undergraduate Programme eGovernance at the Ravenna Division of the Bologna University School of Law


Outline

Part I: Content – 1,5 hour Break Part II: Methodology – 0,5 hour Part III: Card Sorting – 1,15 hour Break


Objective

Present the organisation of the eGov module

Discuss the content and identify the missing topics

Use Topics Map for navigating the content in the wiki platform

Ask your contributions for grouping the topics


Table of content

The table of content of the EGov module is organised in three sub-modules:

eGov I - From the eCommerce to the Egovernment

eGov II - From eGovernment to eGovernance

eGov III - ICT Enabling eGovernment eGov IV – National Legal Framework


Table of content

Table of content http://wiki.triastelematica.org/inde

x.php/Education:EGovernment_I http://wiki.triastelematica.org/inde

x.php/Education:EGovernment_II

http://wiki.triastelematica.org/index.php/Education:EGovernment_III

eGOV: part I



eCommerce definition We can define informally electronic commerce

when there is communication of information dealing with

business topics including in the term business all the steps of the

Porter-Miller value chain from inbound logistics to customer service and customer relationship management

The e-commerce uses online tools but also telecommunication instruments, therefore a telephone order or a fax message are eCommerce process

RawMaterialsLogistics

Transfor-mation

Marketing &Sales

Distribution

After-sales &Customer service

Porter-Miller value chain model


Economic Bubble of the e-commerce in 2001

The dot-com bubble of the end of 2001 affected the e-commerce phenomena

who did not re-engineer the back-office was affected by the financial disaster

You can see all the .com enterprise that failed the e-commerce goal in the web sitehttp://disobey.com/ghostsites/mef.shtml


From eCommerce to eGovernment … e-government: using the tools of the

information and communication technologies (ICTs) to improve the management of public administrations and the quality of the services

e-commerce has been a “preparatory” phenomenon and a “pushing” factor

the Internet accelerated the process of phasing ICTs into the public administration, a process dating back to the 1980s

In comparison with e-commerce, e-government has to deal with a much more complex, constraining, and regimented legal framework


Diversification points Rules and Law: Business processes in the

private sector can be freely redesigned. In the public sector the rule becomes a constraint, an engine, an object, a

pwerful tool for implementing the administrative innovation

Institutional role: Duties toward citizens and toward other administrations operating under the rule of law and protecting this rule: Justice, transparency, good government,

protection of citizens’ rights(Reference to Batini C. e G. Santucci (editors), Information systems for the Public Administration: methodologies and techniques, Presidency of the Cabinet, Upper School of the Public Administration, Rome, 2005)


Diversification point 3: political role

Political role of good governance openness and communicability – plain and clear language participation – enabling all social, economic, and political

forces to play a role in the process responsibility – every public administration must clearly

define its institutional role and become more accountable for its behaviour

efficiency – the policies adopted by the public administration must be responsive to the pace and practices of the socioeconomic environment in which they will be implemented

consistency – the actions of the public administration must be consistent with the assumed responsibilities and the stated policies

(From:White paper on European Governance, COM(2001) 428/final)


Similar but institutionally different in the motivations..

eGovernmentpolicyeGovernmentpolicy

Support for the enterprises

Support for the enterprises

On-line public

services

On-line public

services

Socio-culturalgrowth

Socio-culturalgrowth

Growth of democracyGrowth of

democracyProcess

SimplificationProcess

Simplification

Reduction of government

spending

Reduction of government

spending


Challenges facing Europe's public sector

§ 2.1 Responding to a changing world

“The public sector is challenged to play a key role in modernising Europe’s economy and society, so that Europe becomes more competitive and dynamic, with sustainable growth capable of creating more and better jobs while providing for greater social cohesion. These are the Lisbon targets for 2010.”

(From: COM(2003) 567 final, Brussels, 26/9/2003)


Challenges facing Europe's public sector“Government revenues add up to 45% of the EU's GDP. The public sector is the single largest purchaser in the economy. Public consumption amounted to 20.6% of GDP in 2002, up from 19.9% in 1998. Public administrations are also a major provider of services to business, influencing enterprises' ability to compete, and of services to citizens, enabling them to obtain education and training and to find jobs.”

(From: COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS, COM(2003) 567 final, Brussels, 26/9/2003)


eGovernment … for eCommerce

eGovernment is necessary to support eCommerce and the new challenges of the net-economy: to guarantee services for the enterprises, within

the time constraints required by eCommerce quick, efficient, flexible, high-quality

to avoid needless redirecting from one office or administrative body to another

to facilitate access to information and knowledge to simplify access channels to new markets to provide adequate infrastructures


eGovernment definition eGovernment

means the usage of information and communication technology tools

with the purpose to improve the management of

internal and external processes of the public administration and to favour the supply of services

and information to citizen and enterprises

Actors: Public bodies Users: citizens, enterprises, other public bodies Object: Government is a term from the political

sciences that concerns the management of the administrations

Means: all the information and telecommunication technologies and especially INTERNET


Definition of the domain of activity G2C – government to citizen G2B – government to business G2G – government to government G2E – government to employees

These definitions has been adapted to broader enlargement to new categories Not citizens Not enterprises Local public administration bodies


Definition by the EU

“eGovernment is the use of information and communication technologies in public administration, combined with organizational change and new skills in order to improve public services and democratic processes and strengthen support to public policies.”

(From: COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS, COM(2003) 567 final, Brussels, 26/9/2003)


eGovernment is innovation: A holistic approach

The concept of eGovernment is enriched by meanings that surpass the basic definition of an application of technology to the public sector including other important sectors in a holistic vision: Regulations and Best practices Organization and processes Technology and contents Knowledge and human capital Communication and accessibility Social aspects


EU-Vision dell’eGov


Whitepaper on International Collaboration on eGovernment Research

(From: Joint Meeting between the EU and US Delegations at the NSF’s Fifth National Digital Government Conference dg.o 2004, eattle, May 23, 2004)


eGovernment is ICT Technology

Infrastructures: broadband, national public administration backbone

Enabling technologies: certified email, electronic signatures, online protocol,

document management system, CRM, KMS, data-warehouse, semantic Web, workflow, Web 2.0

Functional technologies: front-office: software application to provide

users with online services - Portals (laws on accessibility)

back-office: software applications to support the procedures internal to an administrative agency

transversal: crosswise communication among different public administrations and administrative agencies


eGovernment is communication Interface methods and metaphors

Life events: planning and grouping services according to the flows of events in everyday life; the same goes for the enterprises.

Brain map: discover the goal by decision tree.

Multi-channel access the Web mobile phones call centres one-stop shops earth digital television


eGovernment knowledge and education Human capital: E-gov enhances the experience of its participants, thus increasing the value of the information systems

KMS (Knowledge Management Systems)

Encouraging and enabling the sharing of experiences: information + experience + results = knowledge

Knowing when and how to retrieve and use appropriate information for more-effective problem solving (best practices)


eGovernment is citizen-centricity Citizens and civil servants are the focus of E-gov

innovation, since the customer is of central concern to the enteprises

CRM - citizen relationship management as a tool by which to improve communication between the public administration and users (citizens, enterprises, non-citizens, non-enterprises)

Long-life-learning - education in change: Regulations, laws, and organizations change, and we must therefore learn to adapt to changing organization and law.

E-learning involves: Explaining innovation to civil servants and citizens Offering ongoing, continuing education Giving training in the use of the relevant technologies Overcoming the digital divide


eGovernment is political strategy

We too often tend to forget that eCommerce models do not simply transfer to eGovernment

Governance in the public administrations is not the same thing as corporate governance

In addition to traditional strategic, tactical, and operational elements found in business, eGovernment also includes a political process

The political layer influences the policies below it Citizen satisfaction can be a factor in political

strategy Without a strong involvement of the political

layer the eGov is unsuccessful


Il ruolo della norma nell’e-gov

Organizzazione

Administrationtactical layer

Bureaucracyexecution layer

Gruppo

Oggetto generico

Database

Best Practices

Data &Information

Processes

Organisation

Governancepolitical and strategic layer

Law& Regulatory

Politics

Policies

Actions

E-governmentapplications

Feedbacks

Knowledge Mapping

Know-how

KM MAP

LEGAL KM

Modification of thePolitics & Policies

Law Impacts on theE-GOV Content Representation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Crf. Monica Palmirani, “The role of legal knowledge from e-government to e-governance”, ICAIL2003 proceeding – vedi materiali


From eGovernment to eGovernance eGovernance consists in using ICTs

to facilitate good policy-making,while e-government is concerned with automating

procedures, mainly for the administrative area (tactical level), as a way to carry out the policies

framed in deliberation eGovernance brings together a set of ICTs solutions for better democratic processes: The

problem is “how to govern” (strategic level) so as to engage the participation of those making up the

socioeconomic fabric of the territory in which a public administration operates

toward a federated e-governanceand an integration among structures


Governance “managing a country through actively involving all of its people,

at all levels, through systems which allow them to express their needs and rights openly and freely. Governance includes the complex mechanisms, processes and institutions the citizens and the groups utilize to articulate their interests, mediate their differences and exercise their rights.”

Good Governance

participatory transparent accountable equitable promotes the rule of law

(From:United Nations Development Program, www.undppogar.org/publications/governance/aa/goodgov.pdf)


Governance

“Governance includes the State but transcends it by taking into account the private sector and civil society. All three are critical for development. ”

http://www.unpan.org/


The elements of eGovernance Actors: Public administrations, local authorities,

administrative agencies, private entities, associations, organized groups of citizens, non-citizens, enterprises, and non-enterprises

Users: All the actors who use the system and its tools Point: Governance involves the participation of governing

and opposition groups working together to frame strategic policies with which to effectively and collaboratively manage a territory

Tools: Computer and Web technologies Objective: To facilitate the democratic process, achieve

broad participation in framing policies and activities, foster social cohesion, and set up new governance models making it possible for the different actors to have a role in decision-making and compare views and solutions in that process

The digital divide: Overcome the divide and enable access for all - eInclusion


Technology enabling the eGov

Processes

Applications and Services

Framework and Data

Infrastructure

Interoperability


Technology Processes

Back-office Front-office Life-events orther interface metaphor BPR – business process reengineering Ontology Benchmarking Quality assurance


Technology Applications and services

Portals – web application GIS – geographic information system E-procurement One-stop-shop e-learning e-Tax e-Justice e-document Legal Information System DSS - Decision Support System


Technology Framework tools

Workflow Document management system Content management system KM – Knowledge management system CRM – Citizen relationship system CWSC – computer supported cooperative work-

groupware Security Identification


Technology Data level

Web services Open Source XML& C. Accessibility – standard WAI -Web Data mining NL – natural language AI – artificial intelligence IR – information retrieval Logic programming


Technology Infrastructure

Large Band Security

Cryptography Protocolls ePayment

Multi-channal Identity management eID

Biometric Smart Card Token Profiling Single sing-on Digital signature Blind signature


Citizen-Centricity model from gov3

Walk-in(including kiosk and

intermediated Internet)

Citizen-centric business management

The gov3 Citizen-Centricity Toolkit

Transformed

customer

experience

Lower

cost

Public policy

outcomes

Citizen-centric channel

management

Governance

Service-oriented IT architecture

Ke

y s

erv

ice d

eli

very

pro

cesses

En

ab

lers

Internet

DiTV

Phone(and mobile devices)

Mail

Citizen-centric customer

management

Deliv

ery

vis

ion

Port

folio

managem

ent

Serv

ice p

ropositio

n &

desig

n

Mark

eting c

om

munic

ation

Custo

mer

needs inte

lligence

Channel m

anagem

ent str

ate

gy

Skills and expertise

Principles of citizen-centricity

A compelling online offer

Continuous improvement

Customer focus

Web-centric delivery

Benefit realisation

Deliv

ery

arc

hitectu

re

Perf

orm

ance m

onitoring

http://public.gov3.net/public_pages/limited/expertise/citizen-centric_public_services/@citizen-centric_public_services.htm


Benchmarking and measurement: How to measure the eGov? eGovernment Economics Project (eGEP)


Some recent data about the expenditure in EU for eGOV


Interoperability and coordination: a common eGov agenda in any level


Which future for the eGov in EU:Main milestones

eEurope – An Information Society for All eEurope2002 - Feira 2000 eEurope2005 - Siviglia 2002 The European Commission's 2006

Annual Progress Report on Growth and Jobs - 2006

i2010 - Iniziative 2007


The current eGov Agenda

Brussels, 30.3.2007, COM(2007) 146 final, i2010 - Annual Information Society Report 2007 “In 2007 the ICT PSP will focus on the role of the public sector as a user and will address three main themes: efficient and interoperable eGovernment services; ICT for accessibility, ageing and social integration; and, ICT for sustainable and interoperable health services.”


The current eGov Agenda

Brussels, 25.04.2006, COM(2006) 173 final “i2010 eGovernment Action Plan: Accelerating eGovernment in Europe for the Benefit of All” No citizen left behind: eInclusion Making efficiency and effectiveness a reality –

user satisfaction, transparency, accountability, efficiency

Implementing high-impact key services for citizens and businesses - eProcurement

Putting key enablers in place - eID Strengthening participation and democratic

decision-making – eDemocracy and ePartecipation in the decision-making


The current eGov Agenda Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Progamme

(CIP) ICT Policy Support Programme open call 23/10/2007

THEME 1: EFFICIENT AND INTEROPERABLE EGOVERNMENT SERVICES Objective 1.1: Enabling EU-wide public eProcurement Objective 1.2: Towards pan-European recognition of

electronic IDs (eIDs) Objective 1.3: Innovative solutions for inclusive and

efficient eGovernment a) Mutual recognition and interoperability of

eDocuments b) Accessible and inclusive eGovernment services c) Combined delivery of social services

Objective 1.4: Experience sharing and consensus building (reuse)


Web 2.0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gmP4nk0EOE

Dr. Michael Wesch, assistant professor of cultural anthropology at Kansas State University

eGOV: part II



How organise all these material? Module Wiki Categories Topic map


How organise all these material? Module

Pros: hierarchy structure, the student can follow the plan easily, the roadmap is clear

Cons: fixed roadmap, no customised learning path, no possibility to have thematic clustering/grouping, relationships are not expressible


How organise all these material? Category:

Pros: wiki categories are objective element in the structure not depending to the semantic

Cons: they are fixed by the wiki structure, not talk about the content (semantic), relationships are not expressible


How organise all these material? Topic map:

Relationships between topics are modelled, customised roadmap is possible, the end-user can see all the topic in a visual way and decide

Cons: Visualization is yet difficult, the author should make each TM to share with the other authors


What is a TM?

Topic Map is a standard for developing ontology in the semantic web - ISO 13250-2003

A Topic Map ontology is “the set of privileged topics and their characteristics, including associations between them” [Grønmo, 2006]

It is an alternative to RDF/OWL but it is possible to convert a TM into RDF –> XTM = XML for TM

It is oriented to the concepts rather than to the object oriented approach

It is more fitted for human discipline modeling


Topic Map Model - ISO 13250-2003 Topic – any relevant

concept

Association – relationships between concpets

Occurence – link to the information resources

Conceptual map Topics of the lesson

Learning associations

part_of complementar_to secification_of

equivalence_to similar_to opposite_of

connection_to used_by propedeuthical_to

URL of the wiki page


Topic Map in the wiki


Card sorting

What is card sorting? It is a HCI technique for collecting the user requirements about topic’s order in a web site

How to do? The list of the topics + few top-categories are assigned to the individual users or group of users

We ask to you: to group the topics in middle-categories, to assign the name to the middle-categories, to organise all in a tree structure, to justify the choice

Reporter: inside of each group there is a reporter of the discussion


Categories

Organisation and Processes Management Communication Technology Human resources Legal issues Social issues


Thank you for your attention

Monica Palmirani – University of Bologna

[email protected]

TRIAS eGovernment introduction

Business

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