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[See Overleaf 4531/2 2005 Copyright Jabatan Pelajaran Negeri Selangor CONFIDENTIAL

For examiner only

Section Question FullMark

MarksObtained

1 4

2 5

3 6

4 7

5 8

6 8

7 10

A

8 12

B 9 20

10 20

C 11 20

12 20

Total

Nama:.. Tingkatan:..

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI SELANGORPROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI

SAINS DAN MATEMATIK2008

PHYSICS

Paper 2

Two hours and thirty minutes

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNLESS TOLD

1.This question paper consists of three sections:Section A, Section B and Section C.

2 .Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answersfor Section A in the space provided on the question

paper.3. Answer one question from Section B and one

question from Section C. Write your answers for Section B and Section C on the lined pages at theend of this question paper. Answer questions inSection B and Section C in detail. You may useequations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitablemethods to explain your answer.

4.Show your working, it may help you to get marks.5 .If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the

answer.6.The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn

to scale unless stated.7. A list of formulae is provided on page 2.8.The marks allocated for each question or part of a

question are shown in brackets.9.The time suggested to answer Section A is 90

minutes, Section B is 30 minutes and Section C is 30minutes.

10 .You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator.

11. Hand in this question paper at the end of theexamination.

This question paper contains 29 printed pages

4531/2PhysicsPaper 2Sept

2008 2 21 hours

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CONFIDENTIAL4531/2

The following information may be useful. The symbols have their usual meaning.Maklumat berikut mungkin berfaedah. Simbol-simbol mempunyai makna yang biasa

1.t

uva

=

2. v 2 = u 2 + 2 as

3. s = ut + 221 at

4. Momentum = mv

5. F = ma

6. Kinetic energy =21

mv 2

7. Potential energy = mgh

8. Elastic potential energy = Fx21

9. =V m

10. Pressure [ Tekanan ], p = h g

11 Pressure [ Tekanan ] , p = AF

12. Heat [ Haba ], Q = mc

13. =T

PV constant

14. E= mc 2

15. v = f

16. Power , P =

[Kuasa ], P =

17.vu f 111

+=

18. =Dax

19. n =r i

sinsin

20. n =

21. Q = It

22. V = IR

23. Power [ Kuasa ], P = IV

24.

25. Efficiency = %100 p p

ss

V I

V I

26. g = 10 m s -2

p

s

p

sV V

N N

=

[Tenaga kinetik ]

[Tenaga keupayaan ]

[Tenaga keupayaan kenyal ]

[Kecekapan ]

Energy Time

Real Depth [ Dalam Nyata ]Apparent Depth [ Dalam ketara ]

[Tenaga ] [masa ]

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[Lihat sebelah4531/2 SULIT

3

Section ABahagian A

60 marks

Answer all the questions in this section.Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini .

Suggested time for this section is 90 minutes.Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab bahagian ini ialah 90 minit

1. Diagram 1 shows a boy as he jogs from P to R and back to Q.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan seorang pelajar sedang berlari dari P ke R dan balik ke Q..

(a) Name one physical quantity relating to the boys position as he jogs?Namakan satu kuantiti fizik yang berkaitan dengan kedudukan pelajar semasa dia sedang berlari?

.......................................................................................................................................[1 mark ]

(b) What is the type of the physical quantity that you state in (a)?Tick the correct answer in the box provided.

Apakah jenis kuantiti fizik yang dinyatakan di dalam (a).Tanda ( ) jawapan yang betul dalam petak yang disediakan.

Scalar quantity (kuantiti skalar)

Vector quantity ( kuantiti vektor )

[1 mark ]

(c) If he took 30 s to complete the motion, calculate his average velocity?Hitungkan halaju purata pelajar itu jika dia mengambil masa 30 s untuk melengkapkangerakan tersebut.

[ 2 marks ]

Diagram 1Rajah 1

P Q R80 m 20 m

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42. Diagram 2 shows a simple hydraulic system .

Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu sistem hidraulik ringkas.

The area for the smaller piston is 0.1 m 2 and the area for the bigger piston is 0.5 m 2. The

force acting on the small piston is 20 N.Luas permukaan bagi omboh kecil adalah 0.1 m 2 dan luas permukaan bagi omboh yang besar adalah 0.5 m 2 . Daya yang dikenakan k eatas omboh kecil adalah 20 N.

(a) Name the principle used in the system above.

Namakan prinsip yang digunakan di dalam sistem di atas .

.............[ 1 mark ]

(b) Calculate the pressure applied to the oil.Hitung tekanan bertindak ke atas minyak.

[ 1 mark ](c) Calculate the output force exerted on the bigger piston

Hitung daya output yang bertindak ke atas piston besar.

[ 2 marks ]

(d) What happens to the output force if the diameter of the output cylinder is greater? Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada daya output jika diameter selinder output yang lebihbesar digunakan?

..

..[ 1 mark ]

Diagram 2Rajah 2

Oilminyak

20 N

PistonOmboh

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5

3. Diagram 3.1 shows the car moving along a road PQRS. Diagram 3.2 shows how the

speed of the car varies with time as the car moves from P to S.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebuah kereta bergerak sepanjang jalan PQRS. Rajah 3.2 menunjukkanbagaimana laju kereta berubah dengan masa apabila kereta bergerak dari P ke S.

(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 3.2 describe the motion of the car from

Berdasarkan graf dalam Rajah 3.2 terangkan pergerakan kereta dari

(i) P to Q

...[1 mark]

(ii) Q to R

......[1 mark]

(b) Calculate the acceleration of the car from R to S.

Hitung pecutan kereta dari R ke S.

[ 2 marks ](c) Calculate the distance travelled by the car from R to S

Hitung jarak yang dilalui oleh kereta dari R ke S

[ 2 marks ]

v/ms -1

0 1 2 3 4 5

10

5

P Q

R

S

Diagram 3.2Ra ah 3.2

P Q

R S

Diagram 3.1Ra ah 3.1

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4 Diagram 4.1 shows an arrangement of apparatus to investigate the type of emissionemits from a sample of radioisotope.Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji jenis sinaran yang dipancarkan daripadasampel radioisotop.

Various absorbers are placed between the sample and the detector and thecorresponding value of ratemeter is obtained in each case as shown in Table 4.Pelbagai penyerap diletakkan antara sampel dan pengesan. Bacaan meter kadar yang sepadansetiap kes ditentukan seperti ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 4.

AbsorberPenyerap

Nonetiada

Cardboardkadbod

Aluminiumaluminium

Lead plumbum

Average reading (counts/min)Purata bacaan (bilangan/min) 560 559 25 25

Table 4Jadual 4

(a) What is meant by radioisotope? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan radioisotope?

............[1mark]

(b) Base on Table 4,Berdasarkan Jadual 4,

(i) determine the value of background emission

tentukan nilai bacaan sinar latar belakang ..

[1mark](ii) Name the type of radioactive emission emit from the sample of radioisotope?

Namakan jenis sinaran yang dipancarkan oleh sampel radioisotop itu?

.[1mark]

Absorber[Penyerap]

GM tubeTuib GM

RatemeterMeter pembilang

Radioactive sampleSampel radioaktif

Diagram 4.1

Rajah 4.1

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(c) A radioactive content for 14C is 4000 counts per minute. The half-life of 14C is6 000 years. On the graph paper on Diagram 4,2 draw a decay graph for 14C in aperiod of 24 000 years

Bahan radioaktif 14 C mengandungi 4000 bilangan per unit. Separuh hayat 44C adalah6 000 tahun. Dalam graf pada Rajah 4.2, lukis graf pereputan bagi 14 C dalam

tempoh 24 000 tahun.

[4 marks]

5. Diagram 5.1 shows a boy cycling along the road. Diagram 5.1 shows a ping-pong ballcoated with metal paint oscillating in an electric field.Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan seorang budak sedang menunggang basikal sepanjang jalan raya.Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan sebiji bola ping-pong bersalut cat logam berayun di dalam medanelektrik.

Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2Rajah 5.1 Rajah 5.2

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Time/yearsMasa/tahun

4000

3000

2000

1000

Number of 14C atoms/ Bilangan atom 14C

Diagram 4.2Rajah 4.2

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8 Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2,Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2,

(a) State the transformation of energy in

Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang belaku dalam

(i) Diagram 5.1 : ...

Rajah 5.1 [ 1 mark ]

(ii) Diagram 5.2 : ...

Rajah 5.2 [ 1 mark ]

(b) Justify your answer in 5(a)Jelaskan jawapan anda dalam 5(a)

..

..[ 1 mark ]

(c) How does energy transform from one form to another?Bagaimanakah tenaga dipindahkan dari satu bentuk ke bentuk lain?

..[ 1 mark ]

(d) Name the law of physics involved in 5(a) and 5(b)Namakan hukum fizik yang terlibat dalam 5(a) dan 5(b).

..[ 1 mark ]

(e) Diagram 5.3 shows an object of mass 100 kg pushed from rest at A by a force, F of800N, along an incline plane AB which is at a 30 o angle to the horizontal. The verticalheight of B from A is 5 m.Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan satu objek berjisim 100 kg ditolak dari keadaan rehat oleh daya, F,800N di sepanjang landasan condong AB yang membuat sudut 30 o dengan ufukan.

5 m

A

B

100 kg

F= 800 N

30 o


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(i) Calculate the distance AB.Hitung jarak AB.

[ 2 marks ](ii) Calculate the work done by force, F.

Hitung kerja yang dilakukan oleh daya, F

[ 1 mark ]

6. Diagram 6 shows the bubbles containing saturated vapour produced in boiling water.Rajah 6 menunjukkan gelembung yang mengandungi wap air tepu dihasilkan di dalam air mendidih.

HeatHaba

(a) Based on Diagram 6, compareBerdasarkan Rajah 6, bandingkan

(i) the depth the bubbles at P and Qkedalaman gelembung pada P dan Q

..[ 1 mark ]

BubbleGelembung

Water Air

P

Q

Diagram 6Rajah 6

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10(ii) the pressure of water at P and Q

kedalaman gelembung pada P dan Q

..[ 1 mark ]

(iii) the volume of the bubbles at P and Qisipadu gelembung pada P dan Q

..[ 1 mark ]

(b) Base on your answer in 6(a),Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam 6(a),

(i) relate the depth of the bubbles with the pressure exerted by waterhubungkaitkan kedalaman gelembung dengan tekanan yang dikenakan oleh air

..[1 mark]

(ii) relate the pressure exerted by water with the volume of the bubbleshubungkaitkan tekanan yang dikenakan oleh air dengan isipadu gelembung

..[ 1 mark ]

(iii) State the Physics law involved.Nyatakan hukum fizik yang terlibat.

..[ 1 mark ]

(c) By using kinetic theory of matter, explain what happens to the bubbles when it movesfrom Q to P.Dengan menggunakan teori kinetik jirim, terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada gelembung semasa bergerak dari Q ke P.

.....

.....[2 marks]

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7. Diagram 7.1 shows two identical loudspeakers, L and M connected to an audio signalgenerator which produces a note of constant frequency.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan dua pembesar suara yang serupa, L dan M disambung kepada satu penjana isyarat audio yang menghasilkan bunyi dengan frekuensi tetap.

C Compression R Rarefaction

(a) (i) Name the phenomenon shown in Diagram 7.1.Namakan fenomena ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 7.1.

...[ 1 mark ]

(ii) The loud sound is heard by the observer at P. Explain what happens at point P.Seorang pemerhati mendengar bunyi kuat didengar di P. Terangkan apa yang berlaku di P.

.................[1 mark]

L M

P

ObserverPemerhati

Mampatan Regangan

CR

C

R


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12(b) Given that the frequency of the audio signal generator is 2000 Hz and the velocity of

sound in air is 340 m s -1.Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave.Diberi frekuensi penjana isyarat audio adalah 2000 Hz dan halaju bunyi di udara adalah340 m s -1 .Hitung panjang gelombang bagi gelombang bunyi tersebut.

[2 marks]

(c) The observer then walks slowly along ST. He hears loud sound and weak soundalternately. Diagram 7.2 shows the positions of the loud and weak sounds.

Pemerhati kemudiannya berjalan secara perlahan di sepanjang ST. Dia mendengar bunyi kuat dan perlahan berselang-seli. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan kedudukan di mana bunyi kuat danbunyi perlahan tersebut.

State how to decrease the distance between two points where loud sounds are heardin terms of the distance between two loud speakers and the frequency of the audiosignal generator.

Explain your answer.Nyatakan bagaimana jarak antara dua titik di mana bunyi kuat kedengaran dapat dikurangkandari aspek jarak di antara dua pembesar suara dan frekuensi penjana isyarat audio.

Terangkan jawapan anda.

L - Loud soundBunyi kuat

W - Weak soundBunyi perlahan

S T

LL LWW

CR

CR


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(i) the distance between two loud speakers. jarak di antara dua pembesar suara

....

Explanation : .....[ 2 marks ]

(ii) the frequency of the audio signal generator.frekuensi penjana isyarat audio.

....

Explanation : .........[ 2 marks ]

(d) Diagram 7.3 shows a headphone which is used by an air traffic officer at the airport

to reduce incoming loud noise. The incoming noise is detected by the microphoneand is processed by a system of a computer and speakers inside the headphones.Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan seorang pengawal trafik udara di lapangan terbang menggunakanfon kepala untuk mengurangkan bunyi kuat. Bunyi bising dikesan olek mikrofon dan diprosesoleh suatu sistem yang terdiri daripada komputer dan pembesar suara di dalam fon kepalatersebut.

Diagram 7.3


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(i) State the phenomenon that is used to reduce the noise by the computer and themicrophone in the headphone.Nyatakan fenomena yang digunakan untuk mengurangkan bunyi bising oleh komputer

dan mikrofon dalam fon kepala.

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Draw a diagram to explain your answer in 7(d) (i).Lukis rajah untuk menerangkan jawapan anda dalam 7(d) (i).

[ 1 mark ]

8. Diagram 8.1 shows a logic gate NAND. A and B are the inputs and C is the output.Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan satu get logik TAKDAN. A dan B adalah input manakala C adalah ouput.

.

(a) Complete the truth Table 8.2 of the logic gate NAND.Lengkapkan jadual kebenaran bagi get logik TAKDAN di dalam jadual 8.2

[ 2 marks ]

Input Output

A B C

0 0

0 1

1 01 1

Table 8.1Jadual 8.1


A

B

C

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(b) Diagram 8.2 shows the combination of NAND gates in an electronic circuit.Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan kombinasi beberapa get TAKDAN di dalam satu litar elektronik.

(i) Based on the combination , complete the truth table as shown in Table 8.2.Berdasarkan kombinasi tersebut, lengkapkan jadual kebenaran di dalam Jadual 8.2.

[ 3 marks ]

(ii) State one logic gate that is equivalent to the combination of logic gates as shownin Diagram 8.2.Nyatakan satu get logik tunggal yang mewakili kombinasi get logik seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.2.

[ 1 mark ]

Input Output

P Q R S T

0 00 1

1 0

1 1

Table 8.2Jadual 8.2


P

Q

R

S

T

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16(iii) Draw the symbol of logic gate as stated in question b (ii).

Lukiskan symbol get logic seperti yang dinyatakan di dalam soalan b (ii) di atas.

[ 1 mark ]c. Diagram 8.3 shows the combination of logic gates X and Y.

Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan kombinasi get logik X dan Y.

(i) Name the logic gateNamakan get logik

X : .

Y : ..[ 2 marks ]

(ii) Based on Diagram 8.3, complete the truth table in 8.3.

Berdasarkan rajah 8.3, lengkapkan jadual kebenaran di dalam Jadual 8.3.

P Q R

0 0

0 1

1 0

1 1

[ 2 marks ]

(iii) Write the Boolean equation to explain the relationship between P, Q and R basedon the combination of the logic gates shown in diagram 8.3.Tuliskan ungkapan Boole untuk menerangkan hubungan antara P, Q dan R berdasarkankombinasi get logik seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 8.3

[ 1 mark ]

X

Y

R


P

Q

Table 8.3Jadual 8.3

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Section BBahagian B[ 20 marks ]

Answer any one question from this section

Jawab mana-mana satu soalan dalam bahagian ini.

The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes. Anda dinasihatkan memperuntukkan 30 minit untuk bahagian ini.

9 (a) Diagram 9.1 shows, an object placed in front of a concave mirror. A light ray travelsfrom the object to the mirror through the centre of curvature of the mirror, C andreflects along the same path.Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan satu objek diletakkan di hadapan sebuah cermin cekung. Satu sinar cahaya bergerak dari objek ke cermin melalui pusat lengkungan cermin,C dan dipantulkanmengikut lintasan yang sama .

(i) What is meant by the focal length of the mirror? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan panjang fokus cermin?

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) The light ray propagates toward the centre of curvature of the mirror, C is

reflected along the same path. Explain your answer.Cahaya yang merambat ke pusat lengkungan cermin,C akan dipantulkan mengikut lintasan yang sama.Jelaskan jawapan anda.

[ 4 marks ]

(b) Diagram 9.2(a) and Diagram 9.2(b) show an object in front of a convex mirror atdifferent positions. A virtual image is produced.Rajah 9.2 (a) dan Rajah 9.2 (b) menunjukkan sebuah objek di hadapan sebuah cermincembung pada kedudukan yang berlainan. Satu imej maya dihasilkan.

object

mirrorDiagram 9.1

Rajah 9.1

C F

Diagram 9.2(a)Ra ah 9.2 a

ObjectVirtualIma e

Diagram 9.2(b)Ra ah9.2 b

ObjectVirtualImage

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Based on Diagram 9.2(a) and Diagram 9.2(b),Berdasarkan Rajah 9.2(a) dan Rajah 9.2(b)

(i) compare the size of the object.

bandingkan saiz objek [ 1mark ]

(ii) compare the position of the object from the mirror.bandingkan kedudukan objek dari cermin

[ 1mark ](iii) compare the size of the image that is formed

bandingkan saiz imej yang dihasilkan[ 1mark ]

(iv) relate the position of the object from the mirror, the size of the image formed andthe linear magnification of the imej.hubungkait kedudukan objek dari cermin , saiz imej yang dihasilkan.dan pembesaran

linear image. [ 2 marks ]

c. Using knowledge on reflection of light, explain your choice of an anti-theft mirror thatis used to have a clear view of interior of a shop, based on the following aspects:Menggunakan pengetahuan tentang pantulan cahaya, terangkan cadangan untuk memilihcermin cegah kecuriansupaya keseluruhan bahagian dalam kedai dapat dilihat, berdasarkanaspek-aspek berikut:

(i) the type of the mirror

jenis cermin .

(ii) the diameter of the mirror

diameter cermin

(iii) the curvature of the mirrorlengkungan cermin

(iv) the thickness of the mirrorketebalan cermin

(v) the position of the mirror.Kedudukan cermin.

[ 10 marks ]

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10. Diagram 10.1 shows a bicycle dynamo.

Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan sebuah dinamo basikal.

The dynamo contains a rotating permanent magnet and a fixed coil. As the magnetrotates, an induced current is produced.Dinamo terdiri daripada sebuah magnet kekal yang berputar dan satu gegelung tetap. Apabila magnet berputar, arus aruhan dihasilkan.

(a) What is meant by induced current? Apakah yang dmaksudkan dengan arus aruhan?

[ 1 mark ]

DynamoDinamo

Coil on soft-iron coreGegelung pada teras besi lembut

Wire to lampWayar ke lampu

TyreTayar

Diagram 10.1

Rajah 10.1


Magnet

Coil (600 turns)Gegelung (600 lilitan

Sensitive centre-zero meterMeter pekaberpusat sifar

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(b) (i) Based on Diagrams 10.2 and 10.3, compare the relative motions between themagnet to the coil.Berdasarkan Rajah 10.2 dan 10.3, bandingkan gerakan relatif antara magnet dengangegelung.

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Based on Diagram10.3. and 10.4, compare the number of turns of the coils.Berdasarkan Rajah 10.3 dan10.4, bandingkan bilangan lilitan gegelung.

[ 1 mark ]

(iii) Based on Diagram 10.3.and 10.4, relate the number of turns of the coil with thechange in magnetic flux and the magnitude of induced current.Berdasarkan Rajah 10.3 dan 10.4, hubungkaitkan bilangan lilitan gegelung denganmagnitud perubahan fluks magnet dan magnitud arus aruhan.

[ 2 marks ]

Diagram 9.3[Rajah 9.3]

Magnet

Coil (600 turns)Gegelung (600 lilitan)





Coil (900 turns)Gegelung (900 lilitan)


Magnet

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(iv) State the law that explains the situation in (b) (iii).Nyatakan hukum yang menerangkan situasi di (b) (iii).

[ 1 mark ]

(c) Diagram10.5 shows a d.c. generator.Rajah 10.5 menunjukkan sebuah penjana a.t.

Explain how the generator works to produce a direct current. Sketch a current-timegraph to explain your answer.Terangkan bagaimana sebuah penjana berfungsi untuk menghasilkan arus terus. Lukiskangraf arus- masa untuk menerangkan jawapan anda.

[ 4 marks ]

(d) Diagram 10.6 shows a model of a step down transformer connected to a 240 V a.csupply. Modification has to be done on the transformer so that it can be used as anefficient 6 V d.c handphone charger.

Rajah 10.6 menunjukkan model sebuah transformer injak turun yang disambungkan kepadabekalan a.u 240V. Pengubahsuaian mesti dilakukan kepada transformer ini supaya ia bolehmenjadi pengecas telefon bimbit a.t 6 V yang berkesan.

`

Suggest the modifications that can be made so that the transformer:Cadangkan pengubahsuaian yang boleh dibuat supaya transformer itu:

Rotating coil Gegelung berputar


a.c. input 240 VInput 240 V a.u.

Soft iron coreTeras besi lembut

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Diagram 11.1[Rajah 11.1]

(i) can produce 6V voltage output.boleh menghasilkan voltan output 6 V.

(ii) can produce a steady direct current.boleh menghasilkan arus terus yang yang mantap.

(iii) has high efficiency.mempunyai kecekapan yang tinggi.

[ 10 marks ]

Bahagian C[20 markah ]

Answer any one question from this sectionJawab mana-mana satu soalan dalam bahagian ini.

The time suggested to answer this section is 30 minutes. Anda dinasihatkan memperuntukkan 30 minit untuk bahagian ini

11 . (a) Archimedes principle states that:[Prinsip Archimedes menyatakan bahawa:]

An object that is totally or partially submerged in fluid experiences a buoyant forceequal to the weight of fluid displaced Object yang terendam separa atau sepenuhnya mengalami daya apungan yang sama

dengan berat bendalir yang tersesar

(i) What is meant by buoyant force?[Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan daya apungan?]

[1 mark]

(ii) Diagram 11.1 shows a block is submerged in a liquid.Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan satu bongkah terendam di dalam cecair.

A

h 1h 2

Liquid surfacePermukaan cecair Keys: [Petunjuk:]

h1 : depth of upper surfacekedalaman permukaan atas

h2 : depth of bottom surfacekedalaman permukaan bawah

P 1

P 2

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Using the idea of difference in pressure P 1 and P 2 for different depth, h 1 and h 2 ,show that the buoyant force is equal to the weight of liquid displaced.Dengan menggunakan idea tekanan yang berbeza, P 1 dan P 2 , pada kedalaman yang berbeza, h 1 dan h 2 tunjukkan daya apungan sama dengan berat cecair yang disesarkan.

[ 4 marks ](c) Table 11.2 span through pages 23 to 25 show four hot air balloons, P, Q, R and

S, with different specifications.Rajah 11.2 pada halaman 23 hingga 25 menunjukkan empat belon udara panas, P, Q, R dan S, dengan spesifikasi yang berbeza

Size of the envolope and number of burners used.Saiz karung dan bilangan pemanas yang digunakan.

Material ofenvelope

Bahan untuk

karung

Material ofbasket

Bahan untuk

bakul

P

CanvasKanvas

IronBesi

Burner Pemanas

BasketBakul

Propane tanksTangki propane

EnvelopeKarung

Skirt

Table 11 .2Jadual 11.2

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Material ofenvelope

Bahan untuk karung

Material ofbasket

Bahan untuk bakul

Q NylonNilon

RattanRotan

RCanvasKanvas

IronBesi

EnvelopeKarung


Burner Pemanas

Skirt

BasketBakul

Envelope

Karung

Skirt

Burner Pemanas


BasketBakul

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Material ofenvelope

Bahan untuk karung

Material ofbasket

Bahan untuk bakul

S NylonNilon

RattanRotan

You are required to determine the most suitable balloon which can be used for saferecreation. Study the specifications of all the four balloons from the following aspects: Anda dikehendaki untuk menentukan belon yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan secaraselamat untuk rekreasi. Kaji spesifikasi keempat-empat belon berdasarkan aspek-aspek

berikut:

- the balloon envelopeKarung belon

- the size of the balloonsaiz belon

- the number of burner usedbilangan pemanas yang digunakan

- the type of basket used to carry the passenger.

jenis bakul yang digunakan untuk mengangkut penumpang.

Explain the suitability of the aspects.Terangkan kesesuian aspek-aspek itu.

Justify your choice.Beri sebab bagi pilihan anda.

[ 10 marks ]

BasketBakul

Envelope

Karung

SkirtBurner

Pemanas


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26(c) A hot air balloon is adhered to the ground. The balloon contains 1200 m 3 of hot air of

density 0.8 kg m -3. The mass of the balloon (not including the hot air) is 400 kg . Thedensity of the surrounding air is 1.3 kg m -3.Sebuah belon udara panas diikat ke tanah. Belon tersebut mengandungi 1200 m 3 udara

panas dengan ketumpatan 0.8 kg m -3. Jisim belon (tidak termasuk udara panas) ialah 400 kg.Ketumpatan udara di sekitarnya ialah 1.3 kg m -3.

CalculateHitung

(i) the total weight of the balloon and the hot air. jumlah berat belon dan udara panas.

[ 2 marks ](ii) the buoyant force exerted on the balloon.

daya apungan yang bertindak ke atas belon itu.[ 1 mark ]

(iii) the net force exerted on the ballon when it is released?

daya paduan yang bertindak ke atas belon apabila ia dilepaskan? [ 2 marks ]

12. Fuses are used to prevent damage of electrical appliances due to current surges.

Fius digunakan untuk mengelakkan kerosakan pada alat elektrik disebabkan oleh arus lampau .

a) Diagram 12.1 shows a typical circuit on a household electrical appliance that has not

been earthed.Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan suatu litar alat elektrik rumah yang tidak dibumikan .

i) What are the properties of a fuse wire.

Apakah ciri-ciri wayar fius? [ 1 mark ]

Live wire

Nuetral wire

SwitchFuse

SocketDistribution

box

240 V

chasis

insulator


coil

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ii) How does a fuse wire work to prevent damage to the electrical coil due tooverheating?

Bagaimana wayar fius berfungsi untuk mengelakkan gegelung elektrik daripada rosak kerana terbakar?

[ 3 marks ]iii) Why is it unwise to connect the fuse to the neutral wire?

Mengapakah tidak bijak menyambungkan fius ke wayar neutral? [ 1 mark ]

iv) Some electrical appliances have an outer chasis made of metal. Whatmodification has to be done to prevent electric shock when the coil is damagedand the live wire touches the metal chasis?

Beberapa rangka luar alat elektrik diperbuat daripada logam. Apakah pengubahsuaianyang perlu dibuat supaya pengguna tidak mengalami renjatan elektrik jika gegelung rosak dan wayar hidup menyentuh rangka logam.

[ 1 mark ]

b) Fuse takes some time to melt or blow. A fast-blowing fuse is required to protectsemiconductor equipments which cannot stand high current surge for too long. Whena fuse blows, sparking may occur which produces high temperature. The fuse wire isplaced in a sheath or catridge as shown in diagram 12.2 to prevent its sparks fromcausing damage.

Fius mengambil masa untuk terbakar. Fius mudah lebur diperlukan untuk melindung alat-alat semikonduktor yang tidak boleh menahan arus tinggi dalam tempoh yang lama. Apabila fiusterbakar, bunga api tercetus menghasilkan suhu yang tinggi. Wayar fius diletakkan dalam

pelindung atau katrij seperti dalam Rajah 12.2 untuk mengelakkan kerosakan disebabkanbunga api.


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Table 12.1 shows the specifications of five fuses that can be used to protect asemiconductor device.

Jadual 12.1 menunjukkan spesifikasi lima fius yang boeh digunakan untuk melindung suatu peranti semikonduktor.

Fuse

Fius

Thickness of fuse wire

Ketebalan dawai fius

Catridge Type

Jenis katrij

Rating

Kadar

Melting Point

Takat Lebur

PMedium

Sederhana

Rubber

Getah10 A

Medium

Sederhana

QThin

Halus

Glass

Kaca10 A

Low

Rendah

RThin

Halus

Ceramic

Seramik 13 A

Low

Rendah

SThin

Halus

Plastic

Plastik 10 A

High

Tinggi

TThick

Tebal

Ceramic

Seramik 13 A

Low

Rendah

Determine the most suitable fuse to protect a 240 V, 2400 W semiconductor device.Study the specifications of all five fuses based on the following aspects.

Tentukan fius yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk melindung suatu peranti semikonduktor 240 V, 2400 W.Kaji spesifikasi bagi kesemua lima fius tersebut berdasarkan aspek-aspek yang berikut.

- The thickness of wire.Ketebalan wayar .

- The catridge type.Jenis katrij.

- The rating of the fuse.

Perkadaran fius

- The melting point.Takat lebur

Explain the suitability of the aspects and justify your choice.Jelaskan kesesuaian aspek-aspek itu dan beri sebab bagi pilihan anda .

[ 10 marks ]

Table 12.1Jadual 12.1

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4531/229(c) Diagram 12.3 shows two bulbs connected in series. Diagram 12.4 shows the same

bulbs connected in parallel. Assuming the battery has no internal resistance,calculate the power output of bulb A and B in both the circuits.

Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan dua mentol disambungkan secara bersiri. Rajah 12.4 menunjukkanmentol yang sama disambungkan secara selari. Andaikan batteri tiada rintangan dalam,hitung kuasa output bagi mentol A dan B dalam kedua-dua litar.

[ 4 marks ]

A B

6 V


2 4

A

B

6 V


2

4

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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Trial Sgor p2 2008

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