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COIT29222 Structured Programming 1
COIT29222-Structured Programming
Lecture Week01 Reading: Course Profile
Textbook (4th Ed.), Chapter 1 Textbook (6th Ed.), Chapters 1, 2
Study Guide Book 1, Modules 1,2,3,4IntroductionComputer HardwareProgramming LanguagesSoftware Development ProcessProgram Design-PseudocodeC++ HistorySimple C++ Program
COIT29222 Structured Programming 2
Introduction
Lecturer/Tutor Introduction-Write down name & contact details of your local lecturer and tutor
Timetable for Lectures, Tutorials & Workshops -Write down time & venue for lectures, tutorials & workshops
Course Profile-Read the course profile very carefully
Problems/Consultancy-If you have problems/doubts/do not understand something, talk to your local lecturer/tutor
COIT29222 Structured Programming 3
Textbook & Supporting Materials
Textbook-Deitel & Deitel, C++ How to program, 6th Edition, Prentice Hall
Supporting Materials-Staugaard A., Structured and Object Oriented Problem Solving Using C++, Prentice Hall -Study Guides Books 1, 2 and 3 -Visual C++ Compiler (Comes packaged with the textbook)
Web Page-http://webfuse.cqu.edu.au/Courses/2009/T3/COIT29222/ -check at least TWICE EACH WEEK
Subscribe To The Email List-subscribe COIT29222-t3
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Assessments
Assessment-Two Assignments– 20%, due Week 6; 30%, due Week 10– Online assignment submission
-Final Exam– Open book (restricted), 3-hour examination
To Be Eligible For A Passing Grade Or Better-You must score at least 50% of the overall marks available in the Assessment items AND must score at least 50% of the marks available in the Examination AND must score at least 50% overall
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Plagiarism & Assignment Extension
Plagiarism – Plagiarism of any kind is not permitted- Do not copy your assignment from a friend– Do not complete your assignments in groups
Assignment Extension
- You will need to fill in a form and submit it at your
campus administrative office
COIT29222 Structured Programming 6
TopicsTopics
- Brief Introduction to Computers and Programming Languages, Software Design, Coding Basics, Data Types, Selection Statements, Repetition Statements, Arrays & Strings, Functions, Files, Code Reuse, etc.
You will learn how to design, write and test C++ programs
You will not learn “object-oriented programming”
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Introduction to ComputersWhat is a Computer?
- A computer is a device which can process data and make logical decisions
Computer Hardware- Keyboard, “Mouse, Scanner, Microphone”
- Disks, Memory, CD-ROM
- Screen, Processor
Computer Software - Operating Systems (Windows, UNIX, LINUX)
- MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Acrobat Reader
- Compilers (Visual C++, Visual Basic, etc.)
- Finance Prediction, Medical Diagnosis, Games, etc.
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Introduction to Computers Computer Organization
Every computer can be divided into 6 units– Input unit– Output unit– Memory unit– Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU)– Central processing unit (CPU)– Secondary storage unit (bytes, Kbytes, Mbytes)
Computer Data (Binary, ASCII)Data is stored in binary form (1s and 0s) Example 1 = 00000001, 2 = 00000010a=01100001, A=01000001 (A is 65 in ASCII)Refer to Textbook, page 1216 (ASCII) and Appendix C, page 1218 (Number Systems)
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Software DevelopmentA 5-step Software Development Process
Task Analysis and SpecificationAnalyzing the problem & precisely specifying needs & constraints
Algorithm DesignDeveloping the logic using Pseudo-code/Flow charts
CodingConverting the algorithm into a computer program
TestingVerifying and validating code
MaintenanceMaintaining the software (fixing bugs, improvements,etc.)
Refer to Study Guide Book 1, Module 2
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Task AnalysisTask analysis may include:
Interviews with usersStudying documentation for an existing systemsStudying other documents that describe requirements
for the program
Two important skills are:Analysis – dissect task to expose sub-tasks Synthesis – combine different views into a “whole”
Analysts have tools for documenting their understanding of the requirements
COIT29222 Structured Programming 11
Modelling ToolsThe analyst uses graphical tools to
describe the system a program will support
A DFD shows the data flows in a system
StudentEnrolment
Process
Enrolment Form
Enrolment Advice
Enrolments StudentID,CourseCode
Student Details
Address
COIT29222 Structured Programming 12
Modelling ToolsAn ERD describes entities and
relationships that will be recoded in a database
Students
EnrolIn
Course Offered By
Faculties
M
M
StudentID
Name
Address
CourseCode
NameM 1
FacultyCode
Name
Dean
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Written SpecificationsAnalysts also produce a written specification of
the requirementsThe specification is verified by the client to
ensure that the right program is being builtThe Study Guide describes a 6-step process to
analyse a written specification:(1) read the description fully(2) rewrite the task in your own words(3) mark action, naming and information words and
phrases(4) make sure you understand the actions required(5) put the actions in the correct sequence(6) check your work
COIT29222 Structured Programming 14
Program DesignWith a clear understanding of the task(s) to be
performed, we start to design the programThe design of a program is often written in
pseudocodepseudocode is similar to everyday English
- Easy to understand
- Useful for developing algorithms
- Is not a computer programming language
- Does not compile or execute
We will use pseudocode in this course The pseudocode used in the Study Guide is as simple
as we can possibly make it.
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Pseudocode-The Building BlocksThe 3 most important statements are:
input statements - readoutput statements - writeassignment statements - set (to store values in
memory)
Other 2 statements control flow of a program They control which input, output and assignment
statements are performed by the program
They control the number of input, output and assignment statements performed by the program
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Example Pseudocodewrite “Number of marks in exam ==> “ read M1 write “Student’s mark ==> “read M2set M3 to M2 / M1set M4 to 100 * M3write “ Student’s percentage: “write M4
More Examples - Refer to Study GuideBook 1, Module 4
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Programming Languages The programming languages can be divided
into 3 types.- Machine Languages
- Assembly Languages
- High-level Languages
(C, C++, Pascal, Java, Visual Basic, etc.) Most programs are written in a high-level
language as they are easier to write and understand
The high-level programming language require a COMPILER to convert the high-level language statements to machine code statements
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Introduction to C++
History of C++ C++ was evolved from C by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell
Lab in 1980s C was evolved from B by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Lab in
1972 C uses many features from BCPL & B
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A Simple C++ Program//A Simple Program in C++#include <iostream.h>void main (void){
cout <<“welcome to C++”;}
Lets’ take a look at this program
We’ll leave some details to later
There are 6 lines in this program
COIT29222 Structured Programming 20
A Simple C++ Program
Line 1 of the program contains a comment In C++ you can use // or /*comment*/ to insert a
comment It is a good idea to insert comments
Improves program readability Helps other people to understand your program
Line 2 of the program tells the compiler to “include” code, from the “iostream” library, before it is compiled
If this code were not included, the compiler would report an error on Line 5.
It would say: “cout is undefined”
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A Simple C++ Program
Line 3 declares the start of main function
A structured program is one that has been broken up into chunks - “functions” in C++
C++ programs contain one or more functions
This program only has one function – the “main” function
Every C++ program must have a “main“ function
Lines 4 and 6 contain left({) and right (}) braces
In C++, we use braces to mark the start and end of a block of code
COIT29222 Structured Programming 22
A Simple C++ Program
Line 5 is the only “executable” line of code herecout <<“welcome to C++”;
This line sends “welcome to C++” to the display
Notice how this line is indentedWe use indentation to make code easier to read
It’s not required by the C++ compiler
cout << “Welcome to C++”; says: write the string of characters Welcome to C++ to the display
Here we use double quotes to mark the start and end of a string of characters
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Summary
Contact your local lecturer/tutor for problems
Course profile contains important information
Plagiarism of any kind is NOT permitted
Software development process has 5 steps
You will design, write and test C++ programs
You will use pseudocode to design a program
A compiler translates C++ code into machine code
You will use Visual C++ compiler