Trends in Recovered Paper - NC State: WWW4 Serverrichardv/documents/tissueday2016recovered...Trends...
18
Trends in Recovered Paper Dr. Richard A. Venditti Professor Paper Science and Engineering [email protected] Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Transcript of Trends in Recovered Paper - NC State: WWW4 Serverrichardv/documents/tissueday2016recovered...Trends...
Trends in Recovered Paper
Dr. Richard A. Venditti
Professor
Paper Science and Engineering
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
US Paper Recovery (AFPA) Statistics(as RR increases: $ up and quality down)
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
US Paper
Recovery (AFPA)
Statistics
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
OCC
P & WONP
Trends in recovered paper demand
• Trend of paper prices steady/increasing.
• For 2014-2017 domestic OCC demand increased by
1 million tons
– Due to new or converted containerboard capacity
• 35% of OCC in US is exported, 70% is destined for
China
• Asia has grown their domestic collections but will
always need to import fiber from US due to the virgin
content
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Trends in recovered paper supply:
sources
• On-line shopping
– Less sold at Walmart,
grocery stores, retail
stores and more sold
through internet
– More at home deliveries
– Boxes collected at the
curb or thrown away
• Store recycling rate: 100%
• Home recycling rate: 50%
• Mixed paper from curbside
waste….more contaminants
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Trends in recovered paper supply:
sources• Single stream continues to
grow.
• Dual stream (two bins: paper
and others) recycling almost
non-existent.
• Single stream decreases
quality of the recovered
paper
– Increased non-fiber
contamination
– Increased fiber based
contamination• Mechanical pulps from
board into OCC
• OCC and mechanical into
mixed papers
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Profitability Challenges in a MRF
• Material Recovery Facilities (MRF)
• MRF in US have grown from 465 in 2006 to 627 in 2014
• Almost always accepting single stream recycling
materials
• Trend of decreasing quality recovered materials
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Revenue drivers in a MRF
• Weighted
average price
(WAP) of input
material
• Paper is about
50% of input
mass
• Paper is about
75% of the WAP
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
MATERIALS CURBSIDE % Value
Fraction
GLASS 0.2462 -9
ALUMINUM CANS 0.0109 19
NEWSPAPER (PS 8) 0.1237 16
STEEL 0.0153 2
HDPE Color 0.0109 7
HDPE NATURAL 0.0093 8
PET 0.0338 8
Mixed Paper (PS 1) 0.1869 23
Plastics 3-7 0.0032 0
OCC (PS 11) 0.2208 37
Trash 0.1390 -11
Weighted Average Price $66/ton input
Revenue drivers in a MRF• WAP is about $70 / ton
• Garbage and glass can have tipping fees associated with them
• Currently MRF total costs are circa $70/ ton
• The value of recyclables has decreased over the years…
• CEO of Waste Management went on CNN and stated that
recycling is not going to be profitable
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Fiber quality trends
• OCC quality degradation from
short fibers from
– Containerboard, recycled
board and boxboard
content
– More overseas content
– Single source recycling:
ONP and mixed
• ONP and High grades quality
deterioration from
– Boxboard like cereal
boxes, unbleached kraft,
poly coated, envelopes
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Bale quality: Moisture• Moisture content of 7% is normal
• Moisture above 12% is penalized
• Probe -- highly unreliable due to
subjective nature of the probe ---
can expect 3% noise in
measurement and 10% in
sampling
• Paddle – recommended, can
expect 1-2 % noise and low
sampling error
• China is using paddle type
meters to read bales from flatbed
trucks
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Bale quality: Lignin
• Mechanical pulp detection for
P & W or deinked market pulp
• Phloroglucinol turns red to
deep purple in presence of
mechanical pulp
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Fiber quality trends:Price of fiber on a per ton of produced product basis
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
2016 Jan Mar Jun Nov
Soft mixed paper (2) 40 45 40 45 60 65 75 80
News (6) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Boxboard cuttings (4) 55 60 60 65 65 70 85 90
Corrugated containers (11) 75 80 75 80 90 95 100 110
New double-lined kraft corrugated cuttings (13) 85 90 85 90 95 105 110 120
Special news, deink quality (8) 50 55 55 60 65 70 80 85
Magazines (10) 90 95 95 100 90 95 95 100
Coated groundwood sections (44) 90 95 95 100 90 95 95 100
White blank news (24) 225 235 225 235 215 225 215 225
Unprinted bleached board (47) 280 290 280 290 280 290 270 280
Hard White Shavings (30) 300 310 300 310 300 310 300 310
Hard white envelope cutt. (31) 315 325 310 320 310 320 310 320
Sorted office paper (37) 105 115 110 120 130 140 150 160
Manifold (preconsumer) Colored ledger (39) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Coated book stock (43) 105 115 110 120 130 140 150 160
Bleached board cuttings (45) Heavily printed 130 140 135 145 140 150 160 170
Sorted (postconsumer) White ledger (40) 195 205 190 200 180 190 200 210
Manifold white ledger (41) 195 205 190 200 185 195 205 215
Bleached board cuttings (45) Lightly printed 190 200 185 195 180 190 190 200
Fiber quality trends:Price of fiber per ton of finished product
• Fiber cost per ton of finished product:
– Moisture in bale
– Deinking/recycling yield
– Operating costs, eg. Bleaching agents, Sludge tipping
fees
– others
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Fiber quality trends:Price of fiber on a per ton of produced product basis
• Compare the following two fiber costs
per ton product:
– Mixed paper, $80, 65% fiber
yield, +20% operating costs
– $150/ ton finished product
– Hard white shavings, $200, 95%
fiber yield, -20% operating costs
– $170/ ton finished product
• However, this data can not be
determined for bales on a practical
basis
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Fiber quality trends:Price of fiber on a per ton of produced product basis
• Compare the following two fiber costs on measurables:
– Mixed paper, $80, 12% Moisture, 8% gross
contaminants, 15% ash, 10% short fiber, process has
a 95% yield on long fiber, +20% operating costs
– $163/ton finished product
– Bleached board cuttings, $200, 7 % Moisture, 2%
ash, 2% short fiber, 95% long fiber yield, -20%
operating costs
– $200/ton finished product
Tissue Day 2016 | Tissue Pack Innovation Lab | go.ncsu.edu/tissue
Recommendations to buyers:
• Investing in someone on the dock, may pay for itself….. … moisture
content/contaminants….need some balance….
– Suppliers might not supply
– Suppliers send good bales to you
• Utilization of a fiber price per finished ton of product audit on a
regular scheduled basis
• Deinking mills should look out for groundwood
• Drum pulpers…
– Allow the use of lower grades
Other Resources on Paper Recycling• Richard A. Venditti,
[email protected], 919 515 6185 (office), 919 649 4017 (cell phone), go.ncsu.edu/venditti
• Website with over 800 powerpoint slides on paper recycling: go.ncsu.edu/Venditti (downloads)
• Video taped lectures on paper recycling. 23 videotaped lectures with approximately 25 hours of lectures available at go.ncsu.edu/Venditti (youtube.com, search for Venditti paper recycling)
