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Trends in
Machine Design
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
(TMD)Jan - April 2014
www.stmjournals.com
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Trends in Machine Design
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?Kinematics of Machines
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Puneet Pandeya
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Assistant Editors
Aditya Sanyal
Himani Garg
Himani Pandey
Publication Management Team
Internal Members
External Members
Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu
Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.
Dr. Rajiv Prakash
School of Materials Science and Technology,
Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India.
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of
Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,
Patna, India.
Associate Editors
Gargi Asha Jha
Nupur Anand
Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
(ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, India.
Prof.D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,
AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community
Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,
Pune, India.
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University, Baru Sahib, India.
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National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
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Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
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Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.
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Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.
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Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
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Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,
Aurangabad, India.
Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,
Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.
Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical
Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board
Srinivasu GangisettiAssistant Professor, Mechanical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, India.
Subrata MandalSenior Scientist, Central Mechanical
Engineering Institute, Durgapur, India.
Editorial Board
Arindam Majumder Assistant Professor,National Institute of
Technology, Agartala.
Dinesh KumarAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya
National Institute of Technology, Jaipur.
Hemanta KumarAssistant Professor, National Institute of
Technology, Suratkhal India.
K Priya Ajit, Assistant ProfessorDepartment Of Mechanical Engineering & Mining Machinery Engineering Indian
School Of Mines, Dhanbad, India.
Rakesh Kumar MauryaAssistant Professor, School of Mechanical,
Materials & Energy Engineering Indian Institute of Technology ,Ropar, India.
Dilip DattaHead,Mechanical Engineering Tezpur
University, Assam.
LA KumaraswamidhasAssociate Professor, Department of
Mechanical Engineering and Mining Machinery Engineering, Indian School
of Mines Dhanbad, India.
Manju SinghPrincipal Scientist Central Mechanical
Engineering Research Institute Durgapur, India.
Rajeev Jain, HeadMechanical Engineering Department,
Kalaniketan Polytechnic College Jabalpur India.
S K KakotyProfessor Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology, Guahati.
Sanjivi ArulAssociate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of
Engineering, Coimbatore.
Shubhankar BhowmickAssistant Professor, Mechanical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
I take the privilege to present the print version for the [Volume 1 Issue (1)] of Trends in Machine
Design. The intension of TMD is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and
growth in the area of Machine Design.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. TMD provides an outlet for Research findings and
reviews in areas of Machine Design found to be relevant for National and International recent
developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Machine Design.
Finally, and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the
form of authoring I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board write
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. The Effect of using Grease on the Surface Roughness of Aluminum 1100 Sheet during the Single Point Incremental Forming Process
Sami Ali Nama, Nasri S. M. Namer, Sherwan M. Najm 1
2. Characterization of Materials used In Laser Engineered Net Shaping through Microstructure Analysis: A Review Mantrala K Mallik, Srinivasa Rao Ch., Kesava Rao V.V.S. 5
3. Evaluating the Mechanical Behaviors of Acacia Nilotica Reinforced Polymer Composite with and without Coupling AgentGanesh M., Retna Siga E, Livingston T 9
ContentsTrends in Machine Design
STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved © TMD (2014)
Trends in Machine Design
Volume 1, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
The Effect of using Grease on the Surface Roughness
of Aluminum 1100 Sheet during the Single Point
Incremental Forming Process
Sami Ali Nama, Nasri S. M. Namer*, Sherwan M. Najm Dies & Tools Technology Engineering Department, Technical College, Baghdad, Iraq
Abstract Incremental forming is a sheet metal forming technique in which a uniform sheet is
plastically deformed through the progressive action of a rounded tool. The movement of the tool is governed by a CNC machine. By this way the tool locally deforms the sheet
through pure stretching deformation. In this research incremental forming experiments were carried out on Aluminum 1100 sheets to form a cone shape. Roughness was studied
by varying the input parameters (tool speed, feed rate and lubricant). From the study, it
was found that the surface roughness was improved as tool speed and feed rate increases. Also it was found that using grease improve the surface roughness compared
with using the coolant oil.
Keywords: Incremental forming, tool path, tool speed, federate, lubricant
TMD (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Trends in Machine Design
Volume 1, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Characterization of Materials used In Laser Engineered
Net Shaping through Microstructure Analysis: A Review
Mantrala K Mallik1*, Srinivasa Rao Ch.
2, Kesava Rao V.V.S.
2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, India
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering,
Visakhapatnam, India
Abstract Laser Engineered Net Shaping is a well developing layered manufacturing method in
which the metal powders are used to deposit on a substrate with the help of laser. Due to
continuous and repeated melting and solidification, the properties of the metals may change by the end of preparation of the components. Microstructure analysis is one of
the characterization techniques to evaluate the behavior of the metals after deposition. Many useful materials like Ti-6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo, Stainless Steels etc. were characterized
by microstructure analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy and the results were
published. The current paper deals with the study of such works produced by the researchers in characterizing the aforementioned materials. The study revealed that the
LENS process is capable of producing components that are compatible with base material and sometimes superior, if the process parameters are optimized and proper
heat treatment is applied when required.
Keywords: Layered Manufacturing, laser engineered net shaping, microstructure, Ti-
6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo.
TMD (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Trends in Machine Design
Volume 1, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Evaluating the Mechanical Behaviors of Acacia Nilotica
Reinforced Polymer Composite with and without
Coupling Agent
Ganesh M.1*, Retna Siga E
1, Livingston T
2
1Mechanical Department, Lord Jegannath College of Engineering and Technology, India
2Mechanical Department, PSN Engineering College, India
Abstract Over the last thirty years composite materials, plastics and ceramics have been the
dominant emerging materials. The volume and number of applications of composite
materials have grown steadily, penetrating and conquering new markets relentlessly. Modern composite materials constitute a significant proportion of the engineered
materials market ranging from everyday products to sophisticated applications. While composites have already proven their worth as weight-saving materials. Attractive
composite components have resulted in several innovative manufacturing techniques
currently being used in the composites industry. In this work, Acacia Nilotica has been characterized for their mechanical properties with the various volume ratio of fiber-
matrix compositions. The volume ratios that taken into count for the fabrication are
20–80%, 30–70%, 40–60% fiber-matrix. The hand layup method is opted for the fabrication of the composite. The coupling agent can improve the mechanical properties
without any compromisation in the composition of the fiber content. The experimental work shows that the tensile strength was increased by 25–30% and flexural strength
was increased by 15–20%. Thus by adding the coupling agent to a natural fiber the
strength can improve with the same composition. And also the SEM Analysis indicates that the materials are uniformly distributed.
Keywords: Acacia nilotica, particulate composites, tensile test, flexural test, impact
test, wca-with coupling agent, woca-without coupling agent