Trend of parasitic infection rates of Thammasat University Hospital’s patients among 2009-2012 years.

Kridsada Sirisabhabhorn Supaporn Pumpa Krim Kamyod and Palakorn Puttaruk

Microscopy Unit, Department of Medical Technology Laboratory, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathumthani, Thailand

Abstract

Parasitic infection is still a problem of public health of Thailand. The infectious trend is importance for monitor an epidemiology situation. This research propose for illustrated the infectious parasite trend during June, 2009 to February, 2012 of Thammasat University hospital’s patients. The study investigated parasite by simple direct smear stool examination and formaline-ethylacetate stool concentration technique for parasite. All the retrospective study of all 7,947 patients illustrated 1.57% (125) parasitic infection rate. Several of parasite as Blastocystis hominis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Giardia lamblia and Taenia spp. presented infectious rates as 0.68 (54), 0.45(36), 0.11(9) and 0.08(6) % respectively which higher than a pervious study in 2009. Moreover other parasites such as hookworm egg, Opisthorchis viverrini, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Ecchinostoma spp. were reported infectious rate in this study as 0.05(4), 0.04 (3), 0.01(1), 0.01(1) and 0.01(1) % respectively. B. hominis and S. stercoralis are remaining predominately parasite infectious rates, and demonstrated 43.2 and 28.8 % of infectious cases respectively. Notice, G. lamblia and S. stercoralis was increasing rate by 5 and 2 folds compared with previous infection rates in 2009. Conclusion, the trend of parasitic infection rate of Thammasat University hospital’s patients among 2009-2012 years is slightly increased rate when compared with the preriod of 2007-2009. Many human pathogenic parasites as B. hominis, S. stercoralis and G. lamblia are still increase parasitic infection trend. Therefore the prevalence study of parasitic infections is necessary for epidemiology study in closely area including prevent planning and treatment of parasite diseases further.

Introduction

The parasitic infection diseases are major problem of public health in Thailand. The observation of parasite infectious cases in these area are importance for monitor a prevalence. Recently, the middle part rejoin of Thailand had been faced to a big flood situation which risk to spread of parasite concern with waterborne transmission. Therefore the monitoring of % parasite infectious cases are significant for prevent parasite out break and prevalence study. This study propose for reported % parasite infectious rate of patients in Thammasat University Hospital among 2009 to 2012 years and demonstrated infectious trend compare with our previous study (2007 to 2009). This result provide data base for manage way of protective parasite infection disease and benefit is guide line to study prevalence of parasite epidemiology.

Materials and Methods

All of 7,947 cases were collected data from patients who suspected parasite infectious during June, 2009 to February, 2012. Feces specimens were investigated genus and species of parasite by simple direct smear examination (conventional method), 0.85% normal saline (NSS) and 1% iodine. Furthermore confirm negative results from conventional method by formaline-ethylacetate stool concentration technique.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45 43.2

28.8

7.2

0.8 2.4

4.8

0.8 3.2

5.6

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Blastocystis hominis

Strongyloides stercoralis

Giardia lamblia

Ascaris lumbricoides

Opisthorchis viverrini

Taenia spp.

Trichuris trichiura

Hookworm egg.

Trichomonas spp.

Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba coli

Ecchinostoma spp.

Endolimax nana

0.68

0.45

0.11 0.08 0.09

0.01 0.01

0.65

0.22 0.2

0.05 0.08

0.03 0.05

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

Blastocystis

hominis

Strongyloides

stercoralis

Giardia

lamblia

Taenia spp. Trichomonas

spp.

Entamoeba

histolytica

Entamoeba

coli

2012

2009

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00 43.20

28.80

7.20 4.80 5.60

0.80 0.80

42.31

14.32 13.02

3.25 5.21

1.95 3.25

2012

2009

Results

Conclusion and discussion

Conclusion during June, 2009 to February, 2012 illustrated parasite infectious rate as 1.57% that slightly higher than the preriod of 2007 to 2009 (1.24%) in our previous study B. hominis and S. stercoralis are still highly infection rate as 0.68 and 0.45%. Moreover G. lamblia and S. stercoralis demonstrated increase infectious rate as 5 and 2 folds which higher than our previous study. This study indicated parasite waterborne transmission disease need to intensive monitoring for searching way to break down parasite spread and planning in the future.

References

Blastocystis hominis Strongyloides stercoralis Hookworm

Ecchinostoma spp. Giardia lamblia

Stool amount 1 g.

filtrated

Mixed with 10 ml. of NSS

Centrifuged at 2,000 rpm 2 min

Fixed feces sediment with 8 ml. of 10% formalin

Filled 2 ml of ethylacetate

Shacked 30 sec

Centrifuged at 2000 rpm 2 min

กฤษฎา ศิริสภาภรณ์ และ พลากร พุทธรักษ์. สถานการณ์การพบเชื้อปรสิตหนอนพยาธิและโปรโตซัวที่ก่อโรคในผู้ป่วยที่เข้ารับการรักษา ณ โรงพยาบาลธรรมศาสตร์เฉลิมพระเกียรติ จ.ปทุมธานี ช่วงปี พ.ศ. 2550 ถึง พ.ศ. 2552. วารสารเทคนิคการแพทย์ ปีที่ 33 ฉบับที่1 2552, 144 Rhongbutsri P. Seasonal Prevalence of Blastocystis hominis among Patients Attending Thammasat Chalermprakiat Hospital, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. J Trop Med Parasitol 2005;28:39-42.

1% iodine + 0.85% NSS

Formaline-ethylacetate stool cencentration

Technique

Simple direct smear (conventional method)

Figure 1. Illustrated commonly pathogenic parasites were found in this study.

Graph 1. Illustrated comparative trend of parasites infection rate in 2012 with 2009 years.

Graph 2. Illustrated comparative species of parasites infection rate in 2012 with 2009 years.

Pe

rce

nt

pa

rasit

e i

nfe

cti

on

ra

te (

%)

Pe

rce

nt

pa

rasit

e i

nfe

cti

on

(%

)

Graph 3. Illustrated percent of parasite species infected patients

in 2012 years.

Pe

rce

nt

pa

rasit

e i

nfe

cti

on

(%

)

Observed under microscope

Observed under microscope

Key words : trend, epidemiology, infection rate, parasite, stool examination