TREND IN HEP DETECTOR R&D

Junji Haba

KEK Detector Technology Project

These days there are so many regular Detector conferences, workshops… General topics only

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium And Medical Imaging Conference (NSS MIC 20xx)

Topical Seminar On Innovative Particle And Radiation Detectors (Siena.. IPRD XX)

International Conference On Technology And Instrumentation In Particle Physics (TIPP XX)

Vienna Conference on Instrumentation (Vienna VCI 20XX) International Conference on Advanced Technology and

Particle Physics ICATPP (Villa Olmo) International Conference On Instrumentation For Colliding

Beam Physics (INSTR XX) Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors (Elba) Symposium On Radiation Measurements And Applications

(SORMA XI)

Photon International Workshop On New Photon Detectors (PD07) 1st Workshop On Photon Detection For High Energy, Medical And Space

Applications 5th International Conference On New Developments In Photodetection (NDIP08)

Calororimeter 12th International Conference On Calorimetry In High Energy Physics (CALOR

06) Gaseous

3rd Symposium On Large TPCs For Low Energy Rare Event Detection Micro-Pattern Gas Detectors (RD51) Workshop International Conference on Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD 20XX)

Vertex/Pixel/3D VERTEX 2006: 15th International Workshop On Vertex Detectors Vertex 2007: 16th International Workshop On Vertex Detectors 6th International Symposium On The Development And Applications Of

Semiconductor Tracking Detectors (STD6 Hiroshima) 8th International Conference On Large Scale Applications And Radiation

Hardness Of Semiconductor Detectors (RD 07) 6th International Conference On Radiation Effects On Semiconductor Materials,

Detectors And Devices PIXEL 2008: International Workshop On Semiconductor Pixel Detectors For

Particles And Imaging VIPS2010

Particle ID The International Workshop On Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counters (RICH 20XX)

Electronics 20th Joint Symposium On Photonics And Electronics For Accelerators And High

Energy Physics Experiments 5th IEEE Real Time Conference 2007 (RT 07) Workshop on Electronics for LHC and future Experiments (LECC) Topical

Workshop On Electronics For Particle Physics (TWEPP 07) PSD

International Conference on Position Sensitive Detectors (PSD8) LHC/ILC

International Linear Collider Workshop (LCWS06) Imaging/Xray/Neutron

Hercules Specialized Courses: Synchrotron X-Ray Imaging th International Workshop On Radiation Imaging Detectors (IWORID 8) nternational Conference On Imaging Techniques In Subatomic Physics,

Astrophysics, Medicine, Biology And Industry (Imaging 2006) 2nd Development In X-Ray Tomography 1st European Conference On Molecular Imaging Technology (EuroMedlm 2006) 9th International Conference On Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation

(SRI2006) Others

International Workshop On Cryogenic Liquid Detectors For Future Particle Physics13-14 Mar 2006, Gran Sasso, Italy CRYODET2

Workshop On Next Generation Nucleon Decay And Neutrino Detectors 2006 (NNN06 / Seattle)

2nd Topical Workshop On Low Radioactivity Techniques (LRT 2006) 20th International Conference On Magnet Technology (MT20) 52nd Magnetism And Magnetic Materials Conference (MMM 2007) 23rd International Conference On Nuclear Tracks In Solids (ICNTS-23) 14th International Conference On Radiation Effects In Insulators (REI-14)

School 5th CERN - Latin American School Of High-Energy Physics 2nd Summer School On Particle Accelerators And Detectors

Too hard to review this active field in only 20min.

Previous talk successfully gave experimentalist a clear image of

String theory

TPC

GEM

PPD PM

TPixel

This talkFor theorist to learn how to cook the strings with modern detectors

Almost impossible

For a comprehensive view, attend new series of IUPAP conference

Technology and Instrumentation in Particle PhysicsChicago,June 2011

What to measure with detectors?

Two Lorentz four vectors, xm and pm

(theorists know well) or (t,x) and (E, p):

time, position, energy and momentum

That’s it ? Q (charge) and mass (particle species) necessaryfor Particle identification. To be skipped today.

Position

Precision is necessary for Better Vertexing Higher momentum

resolution Nuclear emulsion is still the best detector for precision

Opera First nt

1968: Georges Charpak revolutionizes detection

In the 1960s, detection in particle physics mainly involved examining millions of photographs from bubble chambers or spark chambers. This was slow, labour intensive and not suitable for studies into rare phenomena.

However, the revolution in transistor amplifiers was to trigger new ideas. While a camera can detect a spark, a detector wire connected to an amplifier can detect a much smaller effect. In 1968, Georges Charpak developed the 'multiwire proportional chamber', a gas-filled box with a large number of parallel detector wires, each connected to individual amplifiers. Linked to a computer, it could achieve a counting rate a thousand times better than existing detectors. The invention revolutionized particle detection, which passed from the manual to the electronic era.

(CERN archive)

Detectors @High luminosity More and more particles occupy the elements

Higher rate, high occupancy 1D easily saturated 2D

Wire chamber Wireless MPGD

Silicon strip pixel To distribute hits in 2D

elements

ALICE TPC Web page

X

Wireless chambers, MPGD

Talk given by J. Kaminski in this conference

3.106 Hz mm-2

MWPC

MPGD

F. Sauli TIPP09

Long Drift Short Drift

Very fine but small Larger

Spherical

J. Kaminski

Large area MicroMegas successfully applied in the T2K TPC

Silicon detectors also go 2D Strip Pixel

50mm

Photo from Stapnes, Nature 448

Tiny pixel modules, huge # of channels

ALICE ATLAS CMS LHCB

Pixel# channels 9.8M 80M 66M

# modules 240 1788 1440

Strips# channels 2.6M 3.2m 9.3M 86k

# modules 1698 4088 15148 43

Impact parameter resolution

ILD

Belle ATLAS

LHCb

Alice

LHC detectors are miracles but …

LHCMega

trackers

A bit heavy !?A bit heavy !?

More and more Materials necessary for Electronics,

bondings, cables and services

Fabiola

The thinner, the more beautiful !

Monolithic detectors Sensors and readout chip fabricated on single wafer MAPS, DEPFET, Deep N-Well, SOI, CAP…

No bumps, high pixel density, thinnest electronics

DEPFET

SOIFrom PVA TePla web

Talk given by Marc Winter in this conference

ASET

Need more and more functions Vertical Integration comes next

Moore’s law (“Livingstone plot” in microelectronics ) will be slowed down in 10 years only with “2D” technology 3D (Vertical Intgrattion)

technology driven by industry

VIPS Facilitation Group•Bridge among the collaborations, The 1st workshop, VIPS2010 held in Pavia.•Interface with industry•Provide an inventory of various processes with their requirements•Get support from Labs and communities.

HEP community has organized to explore

•3DIC collaboration by Fermilab• SOI collaboration by KEK• EU funded AIDA project

Close communication

ULSI can’t stay in 2D brane in future !

Physical limitation in finer pitch

Multi Project Wafer (MPW) to share chip area and enormous cost

3DIC collaboration

SOI collaboration

The tougher, the better

Radiation tolerance is the most serious issue in

(HL-)LHC (Super-)B-factory .

P-siliconFZ ,CZ, EPISiCDiamond…..….

Other material than n-silion?Or another type of 3D device

Momentum measurement

Belle

AliceCMS

Advanced Superconducting Magnets

New conductor development for higher current density (higher magnetic field)Nb3Sn, Nb3Al…

Dual solenoid (w/o yoke) Popular in MRI system.

Energy measurement: ILC “requirement”

q

q

F. Simon from KEK seminar

Jet energy resolution

E 16 32 48 64 80 96 112128144160176192208224240

-0.0499999999999997

2.91433543964104E-16

0.0500000000000003

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

Jet Energy (GeV)

Jet

En

erg

y R

eso

luti

on

s/E

jet (%

)

PFA simulation

ILC goal

ATLAS simulationH1 measured

ALEPH measured

CDF measured

DREAM measured

Partons are reconstructed as Jets

q

q

Ideas for better calorimetryPFA（ Particle Flow Algorithm) Dual Readout (not adopted in ILC)

F.Simon, KEK seminar

CALICE, talk given by Imad Laktineh in this conference

Time

Relevant scale in HEP experiment t ~ L(m)/c ~ o(nsec)

Traditional technique Scintillator + Photo Multiplier Tube ~o(100

psec) Breakthrough with a spark discharge in gas

Pestov counter ALICE MRPC ~50psec

Fast sparkMulriple measurement

Faster photon detections

Micro channel plate (MCP) PMT

Hybrid Photon Detector (HPD)

Channel

~400mm

f~10mm

Inami, TIPP09

Avala

nch

e

Dio

de (

AD

)

Photocathode Photons

Corrected for the jitterof light source

Fukazawa et al., IEEE TNS 55, 7582008

TOF with Cherenkov counterNpe~180

Inami, TIPP09

Best for single Particle

Further precision?

Streak camera

EO modulation (Pockels effect) Fast gating and sampling for sub pico

second wave form

HPK Catalog C6138

Applicable for beam pulse Not for single particle

Subpico second world

“Spin off” is another important key word for the HEP labs to survive…

The most successful exampleFrom PSI, Pilatus Xray pixel

Summary

A very short look of the recent Detector R&D is given for theorists.

Detector R&D is a very active field (even beyond) HEP We are about to reach the sub-micro-meter, sub-pico-

second world. 1D2D transitions is are going in several place. Next step; thin and highly integrated sensros with 3D

technology Energy measurement (calorimetry) seems the hottest now. Measurement at low energy with ultra high senstivity

/resolution has not be covered. new chapter in PDG R&D activity in HEP can not and should not be

independent of the applications in the other sectors (industrial, medical….)