TREES - Africa Check · 2017-02-08 · Table 4.4: Performance of South African outfitters and...
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Transcript of TREES - Africa Check · 2017-02-08 · Table 4.4: Performance of South African outfitters and...
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TREES (Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society) would like to thank the
following people and institutions:
1. Special thanks to the CEO, Mrs Adri Kitshoff, for her help and assistance
regarding management of the survey.
2. Staff at PHASA for their contribution to the research and for administering
the questionnaire on their official website.
3. Members of PHASA and their clients for their willingness to participate and
assist in the survey.
4. Staff at TREES (Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society) for their
assistance.
5. Mrs Cecile van Zyl for language editing.
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................................................................................................................................... 1
.................................................................................................................................. 2
...................................................................................................................... 2
............................................................................................................................................... 3
4.1 GENDER ......................................................................................................................................... 3
4.2 AGE ................................................................................................................................................ 3
4.3 MARITAL STATUS .......................................................................................................................... 4
4.3 LEVEL OF EDUCATION ................................................................................................................... 4
4.4 COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE .............................................................................................................. 5
4.5 OCCUPATION ................................................................................................................................. 5
4.6 HUNTING ORGANISATIONS ........................................................................................................... 6
4.7 HEARD ABOUT OUTFITTER ............................................................................................................ 6
4.8 PERFORMANCE OF SOUTH AFRICAN OUTFITTERS AND PROFESSIONAL HUNTERS ...................... 7
4.9 TAXIDERMY ................................................................................................................................... 8
4.10 TOTAL NUMBER OF TROPHIES COLLECTED DURING CAREER ..................................................... 8
4.11 TOTAL NUMBER OF ANIMALS HUNTED DURING HUNTING CAREER .......................................... 9
4.12 PREFERRED PROVINCE TO HUNT AT ......................................................................................... 10
4.13 SPOUSE/FRIEND ACCOMPANYING HUNTING TRIP TO SOUTH AFRICA ..................................... 11
4.14 NUMBER ACCOMPANYING HUNTERS ....................................................................................... 11
4.15 NUMBER OF PEOPLE FINANCIALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR IN THE GROUP .................................... 12
4.16 NUMBER OF OBSERVERS ACCOMPANYING THE TRIP ............................................................... 12
4.17 LENGTH OF STAY ....................................................................................................................... 13
4.18 NUMBER OF NIGHTS STAYED EXTRA ........................................................................................ 14
4.19 REASONS WHY SOUTH AFRICA WAS CHOSEN AS HUNTING DESTINATION .............................. 14
4.20 AIRLINE USED TO TRAVEL TO SOUTH AFRICA ........................................................................... 15
4.21 PERCEIVED SAFETY .................................................................................................................... 16
4.22 AFFECTED BY CRIME .................................................................................................................. 17
4.23 NUMBER OF TIMES HUNTED IN SOUTH AFRICA OVER THE PAST YEAR ................................... 17
4.24 NUMBER OF TIMES HUNTED IN COUNTRIES OTHER THAN SOUTH AFRICA ............................. 18
4.25 SPENDING DURING HUNTING TRIP (EXCLUDING GAME HUNTED AND DAILY FEES) ................ 19
4.26 SPECIES HUNTED ....................................................................................................................... 20
4.27 TOTAL SPENDING ...................................................................................................................... 22
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4.28 HUNTING METHOD ................................................................................................................... 23
4.29 WHY HUNTERS ENJOYED HUNTING IN 2012 ............................................................................ 24
4.30 ASPECTS CONTRIBUTING TO A MEMORABLE HUNTING EXPERIENCE ...................................... 24
4.31 HUNTING OF CAPTIVE BRED LIONS ........................................................................................... 29
4.32 INFORMATION REGARDING LION HUNT ................................................................................... 29
4.33 RIFLE OWNERSHIP ..................................................................................................................... 30
....................................................................................... 31
5.1 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 31
5.2 SUMMARY OF TROPHY HUNTERS ............................................................................................... 33
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS BY RESPONDENTS .................................................................................... 35
5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS BY RESEARCHERS ..................................................................................... 36
...................................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 4.1: Gender 3
Figure 4.2: Marital status 4
Figure 4.3: Level of education 4
Figure 4.4: Country of residence 5
Figure 4.5: Taxidermy 8
Figure 4.6: Accompanied by spouse/friend 11
Figure 4.7: Affected by crime 17
Figure 4.8: Total spending 23
Figure 4.9: Hunting method 24
Figure 4.10: Hunting captive bred lions 29
Figure 4.11: Information regarding lion hunt 30
Figure 4.12: Rifle ownership 30
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Table 4.1: Age 3
Table 4.2: Occupation 5
Table 4.3: Heard about outfitter 7
Table 4.4: Performance of South African outfitters and professional hunters 7
Table 4.5: Total number of trophies collected 8
Table 4.6: Total number of animals hunted 8
Table 4.7: Preferred provinces to hunt in 10
Table 4.8: Number of hunters accompanying the trip 11
Table 4.9: Number of people financially responsible for 12
Table 4.10: Number of observers accompanying the trip 13
Table 4.11: Length of stay 13
Table 4.12: Number of nights stayed extra 14
Table 4.13: Airline used to travel to South Africa 15
Table 4.14: Perceived safety 16
Table 4.15: Number of times hunted in South Africa over the past year 17
Table 4.16: Number of times in countries other than South Africa 18
Table 4.17: Other spending during hunting trip 19
Table 4.18: Game species hunted 20
Table 4.19: Top ten species 22
Table 4.20: Aspects contributing to a memorable hunting experience 26
Table 5.1: Summary of trophy hunters 31
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South Africa is a country with a very large diversity of animal species, especially game species.
Wildlife tourism products such as game farm tourism are recognised as one of the
cornerstones of South Africa’s wildlife tourism industry and have shown extraordinary growth
over the last 50 years. Wildlife tourism is defined as ‘tourism that is based on encounters
with non‐domesticated animals and the encounters can occur in either the animals’ natural
environment (for example, in a national park) or in captivity’ (for example, at a zoo). It
includes both non‐consumptive (for example, game viewing, hiking and walking safaris) and
consumptive activities (for example, hunting and fishing)’ (Higginbottom 2004). One of the
major contributors to wildlife tourism in South Africa is hunting (Bauer & Herr 2004; Saayman
et al., 2011), and is defined by Reynolds and Braithwaite (2001) as the consumptive use of
wildlife in either natural habitat, semi‐captured or farmed conditions.
In South Africa, hunting can be classified into the two main categories of trophy and biltong
(local hunter) hunting. To be able to understand this industry and to determine the size
thereof, research is needed in both the just‐mentioned categories of hunting. As numerous
research projects have been done in the past on the biltong or the local hunter in South Africa,
the opposite is true regarding trophy hunting. Trophy hunting can be defined as the selective
hunting of wild game animals where parts of the hunted animal are kept as a trophy or
memorial. This is usually the skin, antlers and/or head, while the carcass itself is sometimes
used for meat (Saayman et al., 2009). In order to obtain a holistic view regarding hunters
profile and spending, consistent research is needed in both categories. It has been argued
that trophy hunting generates millions of rands, which strongly contributes to the country’s
economy in revenue. Recent literature regarding this industry is lacking, especially regarding
the economic impact as well as the profile of these hunters. This will assist government,
hunting organisations and product owners in making informed decisions that will assist the
industry to grow, prosper and to develop better marketing strategies. .
As a result, TREES (Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society), in cooperation with
PHASA (Professional Hunters of South Africa) made a decision to conduct research on the
trophy hunting industry in South Africa, thereby filling a gap in the literature of this very large
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industry. This 2013 survey was the first of its kind and it is planned to be repeated every two
to three years.
This research will be discussed in the rest of this research‐based technical report.
This research project had the following primary aims:
To determine the profile of trophy hunters in South Africa.
To determine the spending patterns of trophy hunters.
To determine trophy hunters’ reasons for hunting.
To determine trophy hunters’ hunting patterns.
To estimate the economic impact of trophy hunting on South Africa.
To determine the most popular species hunted and species that generate the highest
income.
The study was conducted by means of quantitative research during which a questionnaire
was developed (from adapted questionnaires previously used) by TREES at the North‐West
University that measured the following aspects:
Demographic data;
Expenditure data;
Hunting behaviour; and
Hunting motivations.
The survey was web‐based and hosted on the official PHASA website. Respondents could
complete the questionnaire electronically and submit it. A total number of 147 usable
questionnaires were received back between January and October 2013. The data is based on
the 2012 hunting season.
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The following section illustrates the results obtained from the research.
4.1GENDER
According to Figure 4.1, 97% of respondents indicated that they are male and 3% are female
(Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Gender
4.2AGE
The largest group (34%) of respondents indicated that they are between the ages of 51 and
60 years, followed by 30% who are between 61 and 70. Seventeen percent (17%) of
respondents indicated that they are between 41 and 50, while 10% are between 31 and 40
years. The average age of trophy hunters is 55.93 years (Table 4.1).
Table 4: 1: Age
Male, 97%
Female, 3%
AGE < 30 31‐40 41‐50 51‐60 61‐70 71+
2013 1% 10% 17% 34% 30% 8%
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4.3MARITALSTATUS
Eighty‐nine percent (89%) of respondents indicated that they are married, 7% are not married
and 3% are divorced. Only 1% indicated that they are in a relationship (Figure 4.2).
Figure 4.2: Marital status
4.3LEVELOFEDUCATION
Figure 4.3 indicates that 86% of respondents are well educated with 40% of respondents who
have obtained a diploma or degree, 27% have obtained a professional qualification and 19%
have obtained a post‐graduate qualification.
Figure 4.3: Level of education
7%
89%
1% 3%
Not married
Married
In a relationship
Divorced
14%
40%
19%
27%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Completed school Diploma/degree Post‐graduate Professional
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4.4COUNTRYOFRESIDENCE
Figure 4.4 shows the majority of respondents (88%) indicated that they are from the United
States of America, 9% originate from South Africa and 1% respectively from Namibia,
Denmark or the United Kingdom (Figure 4.4). Other countries from which respondents
originate (less than 1%) include: Australia, Canada and Mexico.
Figure 4.4: Country of residence
4.5OCCUPATION
More than half of respondents (51%) indicated that they are in a professional occupation
(Table 4.2), followed by 25% who are self‐employed, and 10% who are in managerial
positions. Six percent (6%) are sales‐personnel, while 3% respectively indicated that they are
in an administrative occupation or they are farmers. Other occupations include pilot,
construction, homemaker and military officer.
Table 4.2: Occupation
Occupation 2013
Professional 51%
Manager 10%
9%
1% 1% 1%
88%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
South Africa Namibia Denmark United Kingdom United States ofAmerica
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Administrative 3%
Sales personnel 6%
Farming 3%
Mining 1%
Education 1%
Self‐employed 25%
4.6HUNTINGORGANISATIONS
Respondents were asked to indicate to which hunting organisations they belong. The
following organisations were mentioned:
Safari Club International (53%)
National Rifle Association, USA (25%)
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation (17%)
Cape hunt and Conservation (5%)
Dallas Safari Club (12%)
Cape Hunters Association South Africa (CHASA) (1%)
Ducks Unlimited (7%)
Foundation for North American Wild sheep (2%)
North American Hunting Club (5%)
Professional Hunters’ Association South Africa (PHASA) (1%)
4.7HEARDABOUTOUTFITTER
Respondents were asked to indicate how they heard about the hunting outfitter whom they
hunted with while in South Africa (Table 4.3). Thirty‐two percent (32%) indicated that they
heard about the outfitter from a trade show, followed by 30% who heard about the outfitter
through word‐of‐mouth and 18% who heard about the outfitter from a hunt donation, for
example Safari Club International trade show (Table 4.3).
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Table 4.3: Heard about outfitter
Media 2013
Trade Show 32%
Word of mouth 30%
Hunt donation (for example SCI trade show) 18%
Internet 8%
Hunting magazine 3%
Private functioned organised by outfitter 2%
*Please note that percentage will not add up to 100%
4.8PERFORMANCEOFSOUTHAFRICANOUTFITTERSANDPROFESSIONAL
HUNTERS
Table 4.4 illustrates the ratings of South African outfitters and professional hunters as
experienced by respondents. Most of the services and performance of outfitters and
professional hunters were rated as good to excellent:
Well equipped (94%);
Go the extra mile (94%);
Professional (94%); and
Well trained (93%).
Table 4.4: Performance of South African outfitters and professional hunters
POOR FAIR AVERAGE GOOD EXCELLENT
Well equipped 2% 2% 2% 26% 68%
Well trained 2% 1% 4% 13% 80%
Knowledge of wildlife
and hunting aspects
1% 2% 11% 85% 1%
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Well organised and well
managed
1% 3% 21% 74% 1%
Hospitable 1% 1% 13% 84% 1%
Go the extra mile 1% 2% 3% 12% 82%
Professional 2% 1% 3% 12% 82%
4.9TAXIDERMY
With regard to the taxidermy services used by respondents, 62% indicated that everything
was done by South African taxidermists, while 38% of respondents stated that they make use
of dipping and shipping, which indicates that taxidermy work is done in the respondent’s
country of residence (Figure 4.5).
Figure 4.5: Taxidermy
4.10TOTALNUMBEROFTROPHIESCOLLECTEDDURINGCAREER
Respondents were asked to indicate the number of trophies they had collected during their
hunting career. Fifty‐four percent (54%) collected between one and ten trophies, 25%
38%
62%
Dip and ship to be done incountry of origin
All done by South Africantaxidermy
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between 11 and 20 and 8% between 21 and 30 trophies. The average number of trophies
collected was 18 (Table 4.5).
Table 4.5: Total number of trophies collected
4.11TOTALNUMBEROFANIMALSHUNTEDDURINGHUNTINGCAREER
Table 4.6 indicates that 45% of respondents have hunted between one and ten animals in their
hunting career, followed by 23% who hunted between 11 and 20, and 12% who respectively hunted
between 21 and 30 or 51 and more animals. The average number of animals hunted is 36.
Table 4.6: Total number of animals hunted
NUMBER 2013
1‐10 45%
11‐20 23%
21‐30 12%
31‐40 5%
41‐50 3%
NUMBER 2013
0 1%
1‐10 54%
11‐20 25%
21‐30 8%
31‐40 4%
41‐50 2%
51 + 6%
AVERAGE 18
10
51 + 12%
AVERAGE 36
4.12PREFERREDPROVINCETOHUNTAT
Respondents were asked to indicate the provinces they prefer to hunt in on a scale of 1 to 9,
as illustrated in Table 4.7. The following provinces were rated as the most preferred provinces
(based on respondents’ top 3):
Limpopo (54%);
Eastern Cape (35%);
KwaZulu‐Natal (24%);
Northern Cape (23%); and
North West (21%).
Table 4.7: Preferred provinces to hunt in
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Limpopo 33% 16% 5% 1% 7% 5% 3% 1% 10%
Northern Cape 13% 5% 5% 5% 7% 7% 3% 6% 5%
North West 12% 5% 4% 9% 10% 3% 4% 3% 7%
Free State 4% 7% 5% 5% 12% 6% 6% 5% 3%
Western Cape 9% 7% 4% 4% 5% 7% 7% 1% 5%
Eastern Cape 20% 5% 10% 5% 9% 1% 4% 5% 6%
Gauteng 3% 1% 4% 3% 7% 3% 3% 9% 9%
Mpumalanga 3% 6% 7% 6% 7% 3% 3% 7% 4%
KwaZulu‐Natal 10% 7% 7% 7% 4% 4% 5% 3% 7%
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4.13SPOUSE/FRIENDACCOMPANYINGHUNTINGTRIPTOSOUTHAFRICA
Seventy‐four percent (74%) of respondents indicated that they were accompanied by a
spouse or a friend, while 26% indicated that they were not (Figure 4.16).
4.14NUMBERACCOMPANYINGHUNTERS
According to Table 4.8, 38% of respondents indicated that they were accompanied by two to
five hunters, followed by 30% who were accompanied by one hunter and 24% who travelled
alone. The average number of hunters accompanying the respondent on the trip is 2.57
people.
Table 4.8: Number of hunters accompanying the trip
SIZE 2013
None 24%
74%
26%
Yes
No
Figure 4.6: Accompanied by spouse/friend
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1 person 30%
2‐5 people 38%
6‐ 8 people 4%
10+ people 4%
AVERAGE 2.57
4.15NUMBEROFPEOPLEFINANCIALLYRESPONSIBLEFORINTHEGROUP
According to Table 4.9, 43% of respondents were financially responsible for one person,
followed by 41% who paid for two to four people and 10% who were not financially
responsible for anyone. The average number of people the respondents were financially
responsible for is 1.87 people.
Table 4.9: Number of people financially responsible for
NUMBER OF PEOPLE 2013
None 10%
1 person 43%
2‐4 people 41%
5‐6 people 4%
7+ people 2%
AVERAGE 1.87
4.16NUMBEROFOBSERVERSACCOMPANYINGTHETRIP
More than half (54%) of respondents indicated that they were not accompanied by observers,
while 29% were accompanied by one person and 10% by two people (Table 4.10). Those who
had three observers accompanying them accounted for 5%, while 1% indicated that they had
four or more observers accompanying them. The average number of observers is 0.86 people.
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Table 4.10: Number of observers accompanying the trip
NUMBER OF PEOPLE 2013
None 54%
1 person 29%
2 people 10%
3 people 5%
4 people 1%
4+ people 1%
AVERAGE 0.86
4.17LENGTHOFSTAY
Table 4.11 illustrates that 34% of respondents respectively indicated that they stayed
between seven and nine or between 10 and 12 nights. This was followed by 12% who stayed
between four and six nights, 7% between 13 and 15 nights and 6% who stayed between 16
and 18 nights. The average amount of nights spent at the hunting destination is 9.50 nights.
Table 4.11: Length of stay
NUMBER OF NIGHTS 2013
None 1%
1‐3 nights 4%
4‐6 nights 12%
7‐9 nights 34%
10‐12 nights 34%
13‐15 nights 7%
16‐18 nights 6%
19+ nights 2%
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AVERAGE 9.50
4.18NUMBEROFNIGHTSSTAYEDEXTRA
As indicated in Table 4.12, 42% of respondents stated that they did not stay for a longer period
than the length of the hunting trip. This is followed by 39% who stayed between one and
three nights, 8% who stayed between four and six nights and 6% who stayed between seven
and nine nights. The average number of nights spent extra is 2.52 nights.
Table 4.12: Number of nights stayed extra
NUMBER OF NIGHTS 2013
None 42%
1‐3 nights 39%
4‐6 nights 8%
7‐9 nights 6%
10‐12 nights 3%
13+ nights 2%
AVERAGE 2.52
4.19REASONSWHYSOUTHAFRICAWASCHOSENASHUNTING
DESTINATION
Respondents were asked to provide reasons for why they selected South Africa as a hunting
destination. The most mentioned reasons included:
The variety of game available;
Convenience;
Costs and pricing;
Safety;
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Recommended by friends and families;
The value of South Africa as a hunting destination; and
The good quality of game.
4.20AIRLINEUSEDTOTRAVELTOSOUTHAFRICA
Respectively, 37% of respondents made use of Delta Airlines and SA Airways to travel to South
Africa, followed by 5% who made use of British Airways (Table 4.13). Therefore, 38% (SA
Airways and SA Express) of respondents make use of South African‐based airlines. The reasons
why respondents chose these airlines include the fact that the airline offered a direct flight,
as opposed to a stop‐over, they used accumulated mileage with a specific airline, the airline
had the best route and pricing or the airline offered the best service.
Table 4.13: Airline used to travel to South Africa
AIRLLINE 2013
Air Canada 1%
Air France 1%
British Airways 5%
Delta 37%
Emirates 3%
Nam Air 1%
Qantas 1%
SA Airways 37%
SA Express 1%
SAF 1%
Swiss Airlines 1%
Turkish Airlines 1%
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United Airlines 2%
Other 8%
4.21PERCEIVEDSAFETY
Table 4.14 illustrates the perceived safety of respondents regarding tourism in South Africa.
In general, respondents felt that South Africa is a relatively safe hunting destination.
All aspects were rated as relatively safe to very safe:
Tourism attractions visited (98%);
At the airports in South Africa (96%);
Cities visited (96%);
While travelling in South Africa (96%); and
At the game ranch or hunting concessions area (92%)
None of the aspects mentioned in Table 4.14 were rated as not at all safe.
Table 4.14: Perceived safety
NOT AT ALL SAFE RELATIVELY
SAFE VERY SAFE
At the airports in South
Africa 3% 53% 43%
At the game ranch or
hunting concessions area 8% 91% 1%
While travelling in South
Africa 4% 59% 37%
Cities visited 14% 66% 20%
Tourism attractions visited 1% 57% 41%
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4.22AFFECTEDBYCRIME
The majority of respondents (89%) indicated that they were not affected by crime while
hunting in South Africa, while 11% had been a victim of crime (Figure 4.7).
Figure 4.7: Affected by crime
4.23NUMBEROFTIMESHUNTEDINSOUTHAFRICAOVERTHEPASTYEAR
More than three quarters (78%) of respondents indicated that they have hunted in South
Africa once during the past year, followed by 8% who indicated twice and 6% who had never
before hunted in South Africa (Table 4.15). On average, respondents had hunted in South
Africa an average of once in 2012.
Table 4.15: Number of times hunted in South Africa over the past year
NUMBER 2012‐2013
0 times 6%
1 time 78%
2 times 7%
11%
89%
Yes
No
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3 times 4%
4 times 2%
5 times 1%
6 times 1%
7 times ‐
8 times 1%
AVERAGE 1 time
4.24NUMBEROFTIMESHUNTEDINCOUNTRIESOTHERTHANSOUTH
AFRICA
Table 4.16 indicates that 35% of respondents stated that they have not hunted in other
countries besides South Africa, followed by 27% who did so once and 18% who did so twice.
The average number of times respondents hunted in other countries than South Africa is
three times.
Table 4.16: Number of times hunted in countries other than South Africa
NUMBER 2012‐2013
0 times 35%
1 time 27%
2 times 18%
3 times 7%
4 times 2%
5 times 3%
6 times 1%
7 times 1%
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8+ times 6%
AVERAGE 3 times
4.25SPENDINGDURINGHUNTINGTRIP(EXCLUDINGGAMEHUNTEDAND
DAILYFEES)
Average spending on transport to South Africa amounts to $3 714.93, of which respondents
indicated that 38% of airlines used were South African‐based airlines. Therefore, an additional
amount of $1 411.32 can be added to the “other expenses” ($4 640.61) of trophy hunters
(excluding game and daily fees), resulting in an amount of $6 051.93 for “other expenses”.
The items with the highest spending include shipping costs and trophy handling ($2 789.35)
and additional tours and travel ($629.06) (Table 4.17).
The average spending on daily fees was $333.69 per respondent, which translates to a total
spending of $3 336.90 on daily fees ($333.69 x 10 nights).
Table 4.17: Other spending during hunting trip
ITEMS SPENDING
Transport in South Africa (not
included in daily fees)
$390.98
Spending on SA Airlines $1 411.32
Aspects not included in daily rates/fees:
Food $63.80
Ammunition $53.07
Clothing $90.71
Hunting gear, excluding
ammunition
$150.18
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Shipping costs and trophy
handling
$2 789.35
Licenses and permits $371.91
Additional tours and travel costs $629.06
Other $101.55
TOTAL $6 051.93
All prices displayed are in US$
4.26SPECIESHUNTED
The average spending of hunters (Table 4.18) on game species amounts to $1 160 033.00.
Therefore, the average amount spent on game species per respondent per season is $7
891.40 ($1 160 033.00 / 147 (number of respondents) = $7 891.40).
Table 4.18: Game species hunted
GAME SPECIES TOTAL
ANIMALS (n)
TOTAL ANIMALS
(%)
TOTAL AMOUNT ($)
AVERAGE PRICE ($)
Springbok 214 20.17 101 436.00 474
Impala 97 9.14 39 867.00 411
Kudu 93 8.77 144 429.00 1 553
Blesbok 87 8.20 46 371.00 533
Black Wildebeest 69 6.50 53 061.00 769
Blue Wildebeest 67 6.31 57 687.00 861
Warthog 60 5.66 18 420.00 307
Zebra 57 5.37 71 421.00 1 173
Oryx 46 4.34 43 792.00 952
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Red Hartebeest 34 3.20 19 822.00 583
Eland 31 2.92 47 740.00 1 540
Bushbuck 29 2.73 22 446.00 774
Nyala 26 2.45 53 066.00 2 041
Waterbuck 25 2.36 37 725.00 1 509
Mountain Reedbuck
19 1.79 11 039.00 581
Duiker 18 1.70 6 390.00 355
Buffalo 14 1.32 123 312.00 8 808
Ostrich 11 1.04 1 221.00 111
Reedbuck 11 1.04 8 921.00 811
Bush pig 10 0.94 5 820.00 582
Steenbok 10 0.94 1 850.00 185
Lion 8 0.75 147 504.00 18 438
Klipspringer 6 0.57 6 288.00 1 048
Giraffe 4 0.38 4 552.00 1 138
Bontebuck 4 0.38 7 652.00 1 913
Elephant 3 0.28 43 500.00 14 500
Grysbok 3 0.28 1 701.00 567
Grey Rhebuck 2 0.19 2 000.00 1 000
Leopard 2 0.19 23 000.00 11 500
Hippopotamus 1 0.09 8 000.00 8 000
Oribi 0 0.00 0.00 0
TOTAL 1061 100% $1 160 033.00 ‐
Total = number of species hunted x average price
All prices displayed are in US$
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The top five game species (Table 4.19) that were hunted in 2012 include Springbok, Impala,
Kudu, Blesbok and Black Wildebeest. The top five game species that generated the most
income were Lion, Kudu, Buffalo, Springbok and Zebra. Both Kudu and Springbok were part
of the top five in both categories.
Table 4.19: Top ten species
TOP TEN SPECIES HUNTED TOP TEN INCOME GENERATORS
1. Springbok 1. Lion
2. Impala 2. Kudu
3. Kudu 3. Buffalo
4. Blesbok 4. Springbok
5. Black Wildebeest 5. Zebra
6. Blue Wildebeest 6. Blue Wildebeest
7. Warthog 7. Nyala
8. Zebra 8. Black Wildebeest
9. Oryx 9. Eland
10. Red Hartebeest 10. Blesbok
4.27TOTALSPENDING
The total spending (Figure 4.8) can therefore be divided into game hunted ($7 891.40),
daily fees ($3 336.90) and other expenses ($6 051.93). The total amount spent by trophy
hunters in the 2012 hunting season is $17 280.23 ($17280.23 x R8 p/$ = R138 241.84).
Based on the statistics received from The Department of Environmental Affairs and
Statistics South Africa it is estimated that, South Africa receives in the vicinity of 8500 ‐ 9
000 international hunters in 2012, if this is multiplied with R138 241.84 (average
spending), the economic value for trophy hunting translates to R1.24 billion (R1 244 176
23
560) or $156 million. Respondent were also asked if hunting in South Africa is seen as
value for money, and 87% replied yes.
Figure 4.8: Total spending
All prices displayed are in US$
4.28HUNTINGMETHOD
According to Figure 4.9, the most preferred hunting method was stalking (72%), followed
by 13% of respondents who indicated they prefer hunting mostly from a vehicle and 6%
prefer pertinent bow hunting. Other methods include a combination of hunting from a
vehicle and stalking as well as stalking and waiting in hides.
$7891.40
$3336.90
$6051.93
Game Hunted Daily Fees Other Expenses
24
Figure 4.9: Hunting method
4.29WHYHUNTERSENJOYEDHUNTINGIN2012
Three reasons had to be given why respondents enjoyed hunting in South Africa during
2012. The following reasons were mentioned most:
The variety of game;
The professional hunter is professional at all times and is interested in the hunter;
The great accommodation and facilities;
Safety reasons;
Sightseeing and experiencing new places; and
Good and professional service.
4.30ASPECTSCONTRIBUTINGTOAMEMORABLEHUNTINGEXPERIENCE
Respondents were asked to rate the aspects that contribute to a memorable hunting
experience according to a scale of not at all important to extremely important, as
illustrated by Table 4.20.
13%
72%
4% 3%6%
2%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Mostly from avehicle
Stalking Lie in wait Hides Pertinent bowhunting
Other
25
The following aspects were rated as important to extremely important:
The meeting of your expectations of the hunt (100%)
Good management of game on reserves and game farms (100%)
To have an adventure experience (97%)
Shot placement on the game (97%)
Game population size (97%)
There should not be too many hunters (96%)
Controlling hunter densities (96%)
Experiencing an African hunting safari (96%)
The scenery and ambience of the game farm (94%)
Well‐managed nature and game (94%)
The following aspects were rated as not at all important to less important:
The opportunity to hunt dangerous species (lion, buffalo) (42%)
Perception that game were abundant in the area (36%)
Weather conditions (32%)
Number of shots taken at game (31%)
The fact that a wounded animal got away (29%)
Shooting range to be provided (25%)
26
Table 4.20: Aspects contributing to a memorable hunting experience
Not at all important
Less important
Important Very
important Extremely important
Weather conditions 6% 26% 41% 20% 7%
The scenery and ambience of the game farm
1% 5% 23% 46% 25%
Smells and noises of animals in the area
3% 16% 28% 36% 17%
To be outdoor sand enjoy nature
1% 8% 28% 63% 1%
Well‐managed nature and game
1% 5% 36% 57% 1%
Game population size ‐ 3% 14% 43% 40%
The fact that I shot game I planned to hunt
1% 10% 24% 29% 35%
Perception that game were abundant in the area
6% 30% 33% 30% 1%
Number of shots taken at game
13% 18% 26% 23% 20%
The fact that I killed game 7% 20% 32% 18% 22%
27
Quality of trophies killed during the hunt
3% 8% 25% 38% 26%
Diversity of game killed during the hunt
3% 9% 23% 38% 27%
Shot placement on the game 1% 2% 14% 23% 60%
The fact that a wounded animal was found
9% 1% 7% 22% 60%
The fact that a wounded animal got away
24% 5% 16% 14% 41%
Experiencing an African hunting safari
2% 2% 8% 30% 57%
Comfort of accommodation on game farm
1% 10% 28% 28% 34%
Shooting range to be provided
7% 18% 28% 23% 23%
Meals and refreshments on game farm
1% 5% 30% 32% 31%
Adequate butchery facilities on game farm
5% 11% 32% 26% 26%
Controlling hunter densities 1% 3% 15% 35% 46%
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Good management of game on ranches and reserves
‐ ‐ 10% 32% 58%
There should not be too many hunters
1% 3% 12% 32% 52%
Strict regulations for permits and hunting licensing should be in place
7% 10% 27% 28% 28%
The meeting of your expectations of the hunt
‐ ‐ 14% 41% 45%
To have an adventure experience
1% 2% 13% 32% 52%
Adventures and adrenaline rush hunting experience
3% 7% 23% 28% 36%
The opportunity to hunt dangerous species (lion, buffalo)
22% 20% 17% 16% 25%
Camaraderie you experience during the hunt
1% 3% 10% 30% 55%
Being with hunting companions
7% 7% 16% 20% 50%
To spend time with family and friends
10% 5% 14% 19% 52%
29
4.31HUNTINGOFCAPTIVEBREDLIONS
More than three quarters (77%) of respondents indicated that they would not hunt
captive‐bred lions, while 23% indicated that they would (Figure 4.10).
Figure 4.10: Hunting captive bred lions
4.32INFORMATIONREGARDINGLIONHUNT
Respondents who have hunted lions before in South Africa were asked whether the
professional hunter has informed them whether the lion was bred in captivity or the wild.
Sixty‐eight percent (68%) of respondents indicated that they were not informed (Figure
4.11), while 32% stated they were informed regarding the lion’s breeding status.
23%
77%
Yes No
30
Figure 4.11: Information regarding lion hunt
4.33RIFLEOWNERSHIP
According to Figure 4.12, the majority (70%) of respondents stated that they made use
of their own rifle that they brought along with them, while 30% made use of the
professional hunter’s rifle.
Figure 4.12: Rifle ownership
32%
68%
Yes No
70%
30%
Own Rifle Ph provided the rifle
31
5.1CONCLUSIONS
Table 5.1 shows the summary of the profile of Trophy Hunters to South Africa.
Table 5.1: Summary of trophy hunters
APECTS 2013
GENDER Male (97%); Female (3%)
AGE 55.93
MARITAL STATUS Married (89%); Not married (7%)
LEVEL OF EDUCATION Diploma/ degree (40%); Professional (27%)
COUNTRY OF RSIDENCE United States of America (88%); South Africa (9%)
OCCUPATION Professional (51%); Self‐employed (25%)
HUNTING ORGANISATIONS Safari Club International
National Rifle Association, USA
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation
Cape Hunt and Conservation
Dallas Safari Club
HEARD ABOUT OUTFITTER Trade shows (32%); Word of mouth (30%)
PERFORMANCE OF SOUTH AFRICAN OUTFITTERS AND PROFESSIONAL HUNTERS
Well‐equipped
Go the extra mile
Professional
Well‐trained
TAXIDERMY All done by South African taxidermists
NUMBER OF TROPHIES COLLECTED DURING HUNTING CAREER
18
NUMBER OF ANIMALS HUNTED DURING HUNTING CAREER
36
PREFERRED PROVINCE TO HUNT AT Limpopo
32
Eastern Cape
KwaZulu‐Natal
Northern Cape
North West
SPOUSE/FRIEND ACCOMPANYING HUNTING TRIP TO SOUTH AFRICA
Yes
NUMBER ACCOMPANYING HUNTERS 2.57 hunters
NUMBER OF PEOPLE FINANCIALLY RESPONSIBLE FOR IN THE GROUP
1.87 people
NUMBER OF OBSERVERS ACCOMPANYING THE TRIP
0.86 people
LENGTH OF STAY 9.50 nights
NUMBER OF NIGHTS STAYE EXTRA 2.52 nights
REASONS WHY SOUTH AFRICA WAS CHOSEN AS HUNTING DESTINATION
The variety of game available
Convenience
Costs and pricing
Safety
Recommended by friends and families
AIRLINES USED Delta Airlines
SA Airways
British Airways
PERCEIVED SAFETY Tourism attractions visited
At the airports in South Africa
Cities visited
While travelling in South Africa
At the game ranch or hunting concession area
AFFECTED BY CRIME No
NUMBER OF TIMES HUNTED IN SOUTH AFRICA OVER THE PAST YEAR
Once
33
NUMBER OF TIMES HUNTED IN COUNTRIES OTHER THAN SOUTH AFRICA
3 times
SPENDING DURING HUNTING TRIP $6 051.93
TOTAL DAILY FEES $3 336.90
TOTAL SPENDING ON GAME HUNTED $7 891.40
AVERAGE SPENDING OF TROPHY HUNTERS TO SOUTH AFRICA
R138 241.81 ($17 280.00)
TOTAL ECONOMIC VALUE OF TROPHY HUNTING
R1.24 BILLION
HUNTING METHOD Stalking
WHY HUNTERS ENJOYED HUNTING IN 2012 The variety of game
The professional hunter is professional at all times and is interested in the hunter
The great accommodation and facilities
Safety reasons
ASPECTS CONTRIBUTING TO A MEMORABLE HUNTING EXPERIENCE
The meeting of your expectations of the hunt
Good management of game on reserves and game farms
To have an adventure experience
Shot placement on the game
Game population and size
HUNTING CAPTIVE BRED LIONS No
INFORMATION REGARDING LION HUNT No
RIFLE OWNERSHIP Own rifle
5.2SUMMARYOFTROPHYHUNTERS
Respondents were mostly male, married with a diploma or degree and in a
professional occupation.
34
They originate from the United States of America and support hunting
organisations such as Safari Club International, National Rifle Association and
Rocky Mountain Elk foundation.
They have heard about the hunting outfitter whose services they made use of via
trade shows and word‐of‐mouth.
The performance of South African hunting outfitters was rated as good to
excellent, especially the fact that they are well equipped and go the extra mile to
give the hunter a great experience.
Respondents indicated that they make use of South African taxidermists for the
preparation, shipping and all other services relating to the hunter’s trophy.
Respondents have collected on average 18 trophies during their hunting career
and have hunted on average 36 animals. They prefer to hunt in Limpopo, the
Eastern Cape, KwaZulu‐Natal, Northern Cape and North West.
More than half of respondents were accompanied on the trip by their spouse or
a friend along with three other hunters and one observer, of whom they are
financially responsible for two people.
They stayed on average ten nights in South Africa. Those who stayed for an extra
period after the hunting trip stayed for three nights.
The reasons hunters chose to hunt in South Africa are due to the variety of game
available, convenience and costs and pricing.
Respondents made use of Delta and SA Airways as transport to South Africa.
The majority of respondents were not affected by crime and indicated South
Africa to be a relatively safe hunting destination, especially tourism attractions
they visited, the airports and cities visited.
Respondents hunted once in South Africa in the past year and three times in
countries other than South Africa.
The average spending of trophy hunters to South Africa is R138 000.00.
The top five game species hunted are Springbok, Impala, Kudu, Blesbok and Black
Wildebeest, while the top five income generating species are Lion, Kudu, Buffalo,
Springbok and Zebra.
35
The total economic value of trophy hunting is R1.24 billion. Respondents felt that
hunting in South Africa is value for money.
Respondents enjoyed hunting in South Africa because of the variety of game, the
professionalism and interest of the professional hunter and the great
accommodation and facilities.
Respondents also felt that a memorable hunting experience is due to the meeting
of your expectations of the hunt, good management of game on reserves and
farms and having an adventure experience.
Respondents will not hunt captive‐bred lions, but more than half of respondents
indicated that the professional hunter has not given them information about the
hunted lion’s breeding status.
The majority of the respondents used their own rifles while hunting in South
Africa.
5.3RECOMMENDATIONSBYRESPONDENTS
The following recommendations were made by respondents regarding trophy hunting in
South Africa:
Hunting outfitters need to be honest and upfront regarding the hunt and costs
involved.
Better control needs to be administered at airports so as to prevent rifles and
hunting gear from being stolen.
Security needs to be tightened at domestic airports so as to prevent airport
workers from soliciting money.
Hunting fees are too expensive and need to decrease.
Make SAPA 540 applications available online
Bribing and aggravation from staff working in the department for hunting and
rifle permits need to be addressed.
Application for hunting permits in South Africa is too complicated and prohibitive;
the system needs to be simplified.
36
Make exportation of game meat legal, with proper safety measures, seeing as
South Africa has the best quality of game meat.
Reward professional hunters and outfitters who successfully introduce and
maintain rare species to the wild.
Costs pertaining to prepping and shipping of trophies are too expensive and need
to decrease.
5.4RECOMMENDATIONSBYRESEARCHERS
The following recommendations are made by the researchers:
That this research be repeated every two to three years as only then one would be
able to determine trends in the hunting industry.
That the South Africa government and hunting industry must continue to provide safe
and stable hunting conditions to foreign hunters.
The results of the research can be used to develop better products, better marketing
material and to develop legislation that contributes to the hunting industry.
The research can also assist hunting organisations and hunting products to be better
managed.
This research will assist hunting organisations, government and product owners
during decision‐making processes.
37
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Bauer, J. & Herr, A. 2004. Hunting and fishing tourism. In Higginbottom, K. (eds.), Wildlife
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impact study of the Limpopo province hunting industry. Potchefstroom: Institute for
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Reynolds, P. C. & Braithwaite, D. 2001. Towards a conceptual framework for wildlife
tourism. Tourism Management, 22(1): 31‐42.
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