Tag31054 - Savage Worlds - Sundered Skies - Within the Skies
Treaty on Open Skies (OS)
Transcript of Treaty on Open Skies (OS)
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DECISION No. 4/07 REVISION ONE OF DECISION NUMBER FIFTEEN
TO THE TREATY ON OPEN SKIES
Methodology for calculating the minimum height above ground level at which each infra-red line-scanning device configuration installed on an
observation aircraft may be operated during an observation flight
SECTIONI.DEFINITIONOFTERMS
ThefollowingdefinitionsshallapplytotermsusedinthisDecision.
Theterm“line-scanning”meansaprocessthatgeneratesasinglecontinuousimageduetothemotionoftheaircrafteitherbymeansofasingleorlimitednumberofdetectorelementsscannedacrosstheaircrafttrackbymeansofthemechanicalmotionofopticalelementsorbymeansofalimitednumberoflinesofdetectorelementsscannedalongthetrackbytheaircraftmotion.
Aninfra-redline-scanningdevicecertifiedunderthisDeci-sionshallnotbedesignedwiththeintentionofprovidingbestgroundresolutionatalocationotherthannadir.
Theterm“flighttest”meansaflightconductedtocollectdatainordertoestablishgroundresolutionasafunctionofheightabovegroundlevelforoneormoresensorconfiguration.
Theterm“flighttestdata”meansdatacollectedduringflighttestspriortocertificationinordertoestablishgroundresolu-tionasafunctionofheightabovegroundlevelforoneormoresensorconfiguration.
Theterm“signalrecorder”meansananalogueordigitaldatarecordingdevicecapableofstoringdatacollectedbyaninfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfiguration.
Theterm“groundelement”meanstheareaonthegroundthatisprojectedonasingledetectorelement.
Theterm“imageelement”meansadigitallyprocessedsignalthatisstoredinthememoryandcorrespondstoonegroundele-ment.
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Theterm“equivalentschemeofimagegeneration”meansaschemeshowingtherelationshipbetweengroundpointsandtheloca-tionofthecorrespondingimagepoints.
Theterm“effectivefocallength”(fe)meanstheratioofthelengthofashortstraightlinesegmentdωlocatedatnadirintheimage,orientatedalongtheaxisofbestgroundresolutiontotheangu-lardimensiondθcorrespondingtothatlinesegmentasitisprojectedtotheground.
fe=dωbest/dθ |θ=0
Forinfra-redline-scanningdevicesthatrecordonphoto-graphicfilm,dωandfeareexpressedinmillimetres.Forinfra-redline-scanningdevicesthatarerecordeddigitally,dωandfeareexpressedinpixels.
Theterm“infra-redline-scanningdeviceconfiguration”meansaspecifiedcombinationof:
(a) Sensortypeandmodel;
(b) Spectralbandwidth;
(c) Instantaneousfieldofview;
(d) Effectivefocallength;
(e) Filtername,ifapplicable;
(f) Filmtype,ifapplicable;
(g) Datarecordingmediatypeandformat,ifapplicable;
(h) Typeandmodelofdatarecordingequipment,ifapplicable;
(i) Windowdesignation;
(j) Sensorinstallation;
(k) Scananglesmeasuredrelativetotheverticalaxisoftheaircraftfuselageindegreesrightandleft;
(l) Numberofimageelementsperscan(ifapplicable);
(m) Numberandarrangementofindividualsensingelements;
(n) Digitalsamplingscheme;
(o) Numberofgraylevels(ifapplicable);
thatistobecertified.
Theterm“videodisplay”meansamonitorusedfortheanalysisofdatafromsensorsrecordingonotherthanphotographicfilm,includinganyassociatedimageprocessingelectronicsthatis
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capableofdisplaying,fromdatainanalogueordigitalformat,thedatacollectedbyaninfra-redline-scanningdevice.
Theterm“greylevel”meansthenumericalvalueofthesignalrecordedforanimageelementonanintegerscalebetweenzeroandatleast255butnotmorethan65535.
Theterm“radianttemperature”meanstheequivalenttem-peratureofablackbodyradiatingthesamepowerperunitareaoverthespectralbandwidthoftheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigura-tionbeingcertifiedasthegivenbodybeingmeasured.
Theterm“phasecorrection”meansatechniquetoreducescanlinemisalignmentsintheimagecausedbycorrectabletimebaseerrorsintherecordingmedium,correctablemotioncompensationerrors,orothererrorsthatareinducedbytheinfra-redline-scanningdevice.Thephasecorrectionapproachshallbebasedonarelativemovementofscanlinesontheimagealongtheacross-trackdirectionwithoutchangingtherelativelocationofimageelementswithinthescanline.
Thesymbol“∆Ti”isusedtodescribetheradianttempera-turedifferenceofabargroupmeasuredonthegroundduringaflighttest,certificationordemonstrationflight.
Thesymbol“Hi”isusedtodescribetheheightabovegroundoftheaircraftduringaspecifiedpassoverthecalibrationtar-get.
Thesymbol“Li”denotesthewidthofeachbarinaspecificbargroup.
Theterm“spiral”meansaseriesofaircraftpassesabovethecalibrationtargetatsuccessivelyhigherorlowerheightsaboveground.
Thesymbol“La”denotestheTreatyspecifiedresolutionof0.5metres.
Theterm“Hobserver,spiral,colour,L”istheheightabovegroundleveldeterminedbyanobserver(“observer”)performingvisualanalysisforaparticularspiral(“spiral”),targetsurfacetreatment(“colour”)andbargroupofwidth“L”.
Theterm“Нspiral,colour,L”istheaverageoftheheightsНobserver,
spiral,colour,LofallobserversforwhichtheheightsНobserver,spiral,colour,Lhavebeendetermined.
Theterm“hightemperaturerange”ofaninfra-redlinescanningdeviceconfigurationmeansarangeofradianttemperaturedifferencesoverwhichthegroundresolutionoftheinfra-redlinescan-
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ningdeviceconfigurationdoesnotsignificantlydependontheradianttemperaturedifferencevalue(asshowninannex3).
Thesymbol,“∆t1”,denotesthelowestradianttemperaturedifferenceincludedinthehightemperaturerangespecifiedbytheStatePartyofferingtheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationforcertification.
Thesymbol,“∆t2”,denotesthehighestradianttemperaturedifferenceincludedinthehightemperaturerangespecifiedbytheStatePartyofferingtheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationforcertification.
Theterm“Hmin”meanstheminimumheightabovegroundlevelatwhichaninfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationinstalledonanobservationaircraftmaybeoperatedduringanobservationflight,forwhichtheresolutionisnobetterthanLa.
Theterm“Hmin-expected”meanstheHminestimateestablishedfromtheflighttestdataprovidedbeforecertification.
Theterm“Hmin-at-certification”meanstheHminestimateestab-lishedfromthedatagatheredinthein-flightexaminationatthetimeofcertification.
Theterm“Hmin-demonstration”meanstheHminestimateestab-lishedfromthedatagatheredinademonstrationflight.
Theterm“Hmin-calculated”meanstheHminestimateestablishedfromthedatagatheredinasinglespiral.
Theterm“Hmin-flight”meansthevalueoftheminimumheightabovegroundatwhichtheinfra-redline-scanningdevicecon-figurationmaybeoperatedinthecaseofanobservationflightfollow-ingademonstrationflight.
Theterm“measuredtemperature”ofabaroraregion(suchasthebackground)meanstheaverageradianttemperatureofthatbarorregionasdeterminedbytheproceduresdescribedinannex1.
SECTIONII. CALIBRATIONTARGETS
1. Calibrationtargetsforuseinmeasuringthegroundresolu-tionofaninfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationshallbecon-structedfromrectangularaluminiumpanelsofuniformthicknessofatleastfivemillimetres,paintedorsubjectedtosomeuniformsurfacetreatment.Nomorethantwopiecesofaluminiumshallbeusedtoconstructeachbar.
(A) Abargroupshallconsistofthreebarswithradianttem-peraturealternatingbetweenhotandcoldbars.
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(B) Withinabargroup,allbarsshallhavethesamelengthandwidthandthelengthtowidthratioshallbenotlessthan4:1andnotmorethan5:1.
(C) Abargroupcanbeconstructedineitheroftwoways.Itmaybeformedbyplacingtwoaluminiumbarsofthesamepaintorsurfacetreatmentonthebackground,withthebackgroundrepresent-ingthemiddlebar.Alternately,threealuminiumbarsmaybeused,withthemiddlebarhavingadifferentpaintorsurfacetreatment.Thetargetshallbeplacedonaflat,horizontal,andthermallyuniformbackground,wherethetemperaturevariationsaresmallwithinthecalibrationtargetregion.Inordertoprovideasufficientrangeofvaluesoftheradianttemperaturedifference,athinunderlaymentmaybeplacedundertheouterbars.
(D) Adesignatedsetofbargroupsshallconsistofthreebargroupswithbarwidthsof40cm,50cm,and60cmusingthesamepaintorsurfacetreatment.
(E) Eachbargroupinadesignatedsetofbargroupsshallbeseparatedfromanyotherneighboringbargroupinthatsetofbargroupsbyatleastonemetreandnomorethan1.5metres.Designatedsetsofbargroupsshallbeseparatedbyatleastonemetre.Withinthedesignatedsetofbargroups,thebarsshallberegularlyspacedandarrangedinanorderlymanner.
(F) Acalibrationtargetshallconsistoffromthreetosevendesignatedsetsofbargroupswithdifferentpaintorsurfacetreatmentsforflighttestdataandcertificationandonetosevensetswithdifferentpaintorsurfacetreatmentsforademonstration.
(G) Thearrangementofbargroupswithinadesignatedsetofbargroupsandthearrangementofdesignatedsetsofbargroupsshallnotbechangedduringanyspiral.Thephysicalarrangementofthebargroupsshallnotbechangedbetweenspiralsonthesameday;however,adesignatedsetofbargroupsmaybereplacedwithanothersetifthephysicalarrangementisnotchanged.
2. Inadditiontothecalibrationtarget,additionalelementsshallbeincludedinthevicinityofthecalibrationtargettoprovideinformationaboutpossibleimagedistortionproducedbythesensorconfiguration.
3. Additionalelementsmaybeincludedinthevicinityofthecalibrationtargettoprovideinformationfordeterminingtheaxisofbestresolutionofthesensorconfiguration.
4. Thecalibrationtargetandanyothertestobjectsshallbelaidonthegroundnotlessthantwohoursbeforethefirstpassoverthetarget.
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SECTIONIII. DATATOBESUPPLIEDBEFORECERTIFICA-TION
1. TheStatePartyofferinganinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationforcertificationshallprovideageneralsystemdescrip-tion.Thisdescriptionshallincludeadescriptionoftheequivalentschemeofimagegenerationaswellasthelayoutoftheindividualinfra-redsensingelementsandadescriptionoftheirsize.Inaddition,theStatePartyshallprovidetechnicaldataorflighttestdataontheaxisthatprovidesthebestresolution.
2. TheStatePartyofferinganinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationforcertificationshallprovideflighttestdata,describingtheperformanceoftheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationfromalowertemperaturedifference,∆t1,toahighertemperaturedif-ference,∆t2.Thisdatashouldbeapproximatelyuniformlydistributedbetween∆t1and∆t2andapproximatelyuniformlydistributedamongthe40cm,50cm,and60cmbars.
(A) Thelowertemperaturedifference,∆t1,shallbegreaterthanorequaltothreedegreesCelsius.
(B) If∆t2-∆t1<8degrees,theStatePartyshallprovideaddi-tionalflighttestdataintheregionbetween∆t2and∆t1+8degrees.However,thisdatashallnotbeusedinthedeterminationofHmin-expectedandisnotrequiredtobeuniformlydistributed.Thenumberofaddi-tionaldatapointsinthisregionshallbedeterminedbytheStatePartyconductingthecertification.
(C) Thedigitalimages,orhigh-resolutionscansofimagesofatleast2400dpiforsensorconfigurationsthatrecordonphotographicfilm,thatwereusedfortheestablishmentofHmin-expectedshallbepro-vided,alongwiththeoriginalradiometerimagesthatprovidedthetemperaturemeasurements.ThedigitalimagesshallincludethefullwidthofthesensorscanandincludeallcalibrationtargetsandthoseadditionalelementsincludedunderSectionII,paragraph2ofthisDecision.
3. TheStatePartyofferingtheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationforcertificationshallprovideflighttestdataanalysedinaccordancewiththefollowingqualifications:
(A) Theflighttestdatashallincludeatleast16completespi-rals;
(B) AcompletespiralmustincludeatleastsixvaluesofHspiral,
colour,Lforflighttestdataandcertification,andatleastthreevaluesofHspiral,colour,Lfordemonstrationflights,withatleastonevalueofHspiral,
colour,Lfromeachofthebargroupsizesof40cm,50cmand60cminthehightemperatureregionoftheinfra-redline-scanningdevicebeing
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offeredforcertification.ThereisnorequirementthateverydesignatedsetofbargroupsprovideavalueofHspiral,colour,Laslongastheaboverequirementsaremet;
(C) Theseflightsshallbeperformedunderclearatmosphericdaytimeconditions.TheStatePartyconductingtheflighttestshalldocumenttheatmosphericconditionsinaccordancewithtable2aofannex2tothisDecision.Ifpossible,flightsshallnotbeginuntilatleasttwohoursafterlocalsunriseandshallterminateatleastonehourbeforelocalsunset;
(D) Flighttestdatabeyondthatrequiredinparagraph2maybeprovidedtosupportthedefinitionofthehightemperatureregion;however,flighttestdataoutsideoftherange∆t1to∆t2shallnotusedtodeterminethevalueofHmin-expected.
4. ThevalueofHminshallbedeterminedfortheorientationofthecalibrationtargetthatprovidesthebestresolution.
SECTIONIV. CONDUCTOFAFLIGHTTEST,CERTIFICATIONORDEMONSTRATIONFLIGHT
1. TheStatePartyofferinganinfra-redlinescanningdeviceconfigurationforcertificationshalldeterminethecalibrationtargettemperaturesinaccordancewithannex1ofthisDecision.
2. Ifademonstrationflightisrequested,theStatePartyonwhoseterritorythedemonstrationflightistobeconductedisresponsi-bleforprovidingacalibrationtargetandassociatedequipmentsatisfy-ingtherequirementsofthisDecision.
3. Allsensorcontrolsandregulatingsystemsshallbesettoachievethebestgroundresolutionforeachsensorconfigurationtobecertified.Allflightparameters(asdescribedinannex2)shallbeflowntoachievethebestgroundresolutionduringallflighttests,certifica-tionanddemonstrationflights.
4. TheStatePartythatisofferingthesensorforcertification,conductingaflighttest,orprovidingthesensorforademonstrationflightshallchoosetheheightsofflightabovegroundlevel.
(A) Thespacingbetweensuccessivepassesshallbenogreaterthan12.5percentofthevalueoftheheightabovegroundofthelowerpass.
(B) Theheightsabovegroundlevelofthespiralshallbechoseninaccordancewiththetechnicaldataoftheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceorexperimentalresearchinsuchamannerthatallbargroupsareresolvedatthelowestaltitudeandnoneofthebargroupsareresolvedatthehighestaltitudeofthespiral.Thisrequirementappliestotheplanningofaspiralandnottotheanalysisofthedataresult-
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ingfromthespiral.ResolutionisdefinedinSectionV,paragraph4.Duringacertification,ifall60cmbargroupsareresolvedbyanygroupofobserversattheheightofthehighestpassandtimepermitsonthesamedayoftheflight,thenthespiralshouldberepeated,increasingtheheightofthehighestpass.
(C) Ifaflightincludesmorethanonespiral,thepassesassoci-atedwitheachspiralshallbeclearlyindicated.Ifanupwardspiralisfollowedbyadownwardspiral,thenthereshallbetwopassesatthehighestheight,thefirstassociatedwiththeupwardspiralandthesecondwiththedownwardspiral.Ifadownwardspiralisfollowedbyanupwardspiral,thenthereshallbetwopassesatthelowestheight,thefirstassociatedwiththedownwardspiralandthesecondwiththeupwardspiral.
5. Annex2describesthedatathatshallberecordedandpro-videdforeachpassoverthecalibrationtarget.Theprovisionsofannex2supersedetheprovisionsofDecisionTwelve,paragraph2,forinfra-redtargets.
SECTIONV. ANALYSISOFDATACOLLECTEDDURINGAFLIGHTTEST,CERTIFICATIONORDEMONSTRATIONFLIGHTS
1. Thegroundresolutionofaninfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationshallbedeterminedbyvisualanalysis.
2. Atleasttentrainedobserversshallexaminetheimagesofthecalibrationtargetforflighttestdata.Forcertifications,atleasttentrainedobservers,representingtheStatesPartiestakingpartinthecertification,shallexaminetheimagesofthecalibrationtarget.TheStatePartyofferingasensorconfigurationforcertificationshallhavetherighttoprovideaminimumoftwoofthetrainedobserversatcertification.Fordemonstrationflights,unlessotherwiseagreed,atleasttentrainedobservers,representingtheStatesPartiestakingpartinthedemonstrationflight,shallexaminetheimagesofthecalibrationtarget.
3. Ifanyheightabovegroundisrepeatedduringaspiral,onlyoneimage,thebestavailableimageatthatheightshallbeforwardedbytheStatePartyconductingtheflighttotheobserversforvisualanalysis.
4. Abargroupisresolvedbyanobserverif:
(A) Theobservercandistinguisheachoftheouterbarsfromtheadjacentbackground;thatis,theobserverperceivesavisualdiffer-encebetweenthegreylevelonthevideodisplayorthedensityofthephotographicfilmbetweeneachouterbarandtheadjacentback-groundovertheentirelengthofthebar;and
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(B) Theobservercandistinguishthemiddlebarfromtheouterbars,thatis,theobserverperceivesavisualdifferencebetweenthegreylevelonthevideodisplayorthedensityofthephotographicfilmbetweenthemiddlebarandtheouterbarsovertheentirelengthofthebars.
5. Calibrationtargetacceptabilityrequirementsareasfollows:
(A) Thedifferencebetweentheaveragemeasuredtemperaturesofeachofthetwoouterbarsofthebargroupbeingconsideredshallbenogreaterthan20percentofthetemperaturedifferencebetweenthehotandcoldbarsoronedegreeCelsius,whicheverisgreater;
(B) Thedifferencebetweentheaveragemeasuredtemperaturesofeachhotandeachcoldbarmustbewithinthehightemperatureregionofthesensor;
(C) Forbargroupswithanaluminiummiddlebar,theaveragemeasuredtemperatureofeachouterbarmustdifferbyatleast2∆t1/3fromtheaveragemeasuredtemperatureoftheadjacentbackground.Inaddition,oneofthefollowingconditionsmustapply:
(1) Theabsolutevalueofthemeasuredtemperaturedifferencebetweenthemiddlebarandthebackgroundislessthantheabsolutevalueofthemeasuredtemperaturedifferencebetweentheouterbarsandthebackground;or
(2) Thesignofthemeasuredtemperaturedifferencebetweenthemiddlebarandthebackgroundshallnotbethesameasthesignofthemeasuredtemperaturedifferencebetweentheouterbarsandthebackground.
6. Imageacceptabilitycriteriaareasfollows:
(A) Theimageofthecalibrationtargetshallbelocatedwithin20degreesofnadir;
(B) Theimageofthecalibrationtargetshallbeorientatedwithin20degreesoftheorientationthatprovidesthebestresolution;
(C) Theimageisnotacceptableifthesensorexhibitsamal-functionthatmakesproperdeterminationofgroundresolutionimpos-sibleoramalfunction/physicalobstructionwhichreducesgroundresolutionatthetimeoftheformationoftheimage.Anexampleofamalfunctioningsensorwouldbeasensorexhibiting“imagedoubling”;
(D) Geometricaldistortionoflessthan20percentwillbedeemedtohavenoeffectonresolution.
7. Visualanalysisshallbeperformedononeimageforeachaltitudeflownoverthecalibrationtargetforeachspiral.
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8. Anobserverbargroupresolutionaltitude,Hobserver,spiral,colour,Lcannotbeassignedtoanobserverif:
(A) Thatobserverneverresolvesthatbargroupforanyheightflowninthespiral;
(B) Thatobserverresolvesthatbargroupatthehighestheightflowninthespiral;
(C) Thereisnopasshigherthanthehighestpassatwhichthatobserverresolvesthatbargroupwhichsatisfiesthetargetacceptabilityrequirementsofparagraph5andtheimageacceptabilityrequirementsofparagraph6.
9. ThevalueHobserver,spiral,colour,L,assignedtoanobserveristheaverageof:thehighestresolvedheightasdeterminedbythevisualanalysisandthefirstunresolvedheighthigherthanthehighestresolvedheightthatsatisfiesthetargetacceptabilityrequirementsofparagraph5andtheimageacceptabilityrequirementsofparagraph6.
10. IfthenumberofobserversthathaveanassignedHobserver,spiral,
colour,Lisgreaterthanorequalto80percentofthenumberofobservers,thenHspiral,colour,L,shallbetheaverageofthevaluesHobserver,spiral,colour,L.Otherwise,Hspiral,colour,L,isnotdefinedforthatbargroup.
11. Thevalue,Hmin-calculated, associated with a spiral is determined by:
Hmin-calculated=(1/N)ΣHspiral,colour,LLa/L,whereListhecorrespondingbarwidth,andNisthenumberofvaluesHspiral,colour,Lavailableinthespiral.
12. Hmin-expectedshallbecalculatedbyaveragingthevaluesofHmin-
calculatedfromeachofthedifferentspiralsprovidedinthepre-certificationflighttestdata.
13. Hmin-at-certificationshallbecalculatedbyaveragingthevaluesofHmin-calculatedfromeachofthedifferentspiralsprovidedbythein-flightexamination.
14. Hmin-demonstrationshallbecalculatedbyaveragingthevaluesofHmin-calculatedfromeachofthedifferentspiralsprovidedinthedemonstra-tionflightdata.
15. TheproceduresinthisDecisionshallbeacceptableforinfra-redline-scanningdevicesrecordingimagesonanymedium.
16. Inthecaseofdatacollectedonphotographicfilm.
(A) Priortotheanalysisofdatacollectedduringaflighttest,certificationordemonstrationflight,thefilmprocessingequipmentshallbecalibratedaccordingtotheproceduresspecifiedinAnnexK,SectionIItotheTreatyonOpenSkies.
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(B) Theheightabovegroundforeachpassatwhicheachbargroupofthecalibrationtargetwasresolved(andnotresolved)shallbedeterminedfromavisualanalysisoftheoriginalfilm.
17. SpecificationsofproceduresforperformingvisualanalysisofdigitalimageryshallbedefinedinafutureOSCCDecision(DecisiononDigitalImageProcessing)andRevisionOnetoDecisionSixteen.
18. Foreachconfigurationtobecertified,thein-flightexami-nationshallconsistofatleastfourcompletespirals,unlesspreventedbyforce majeure,inwhichcaseitshallconsistofatleastonecompletespiralasdefinedinSectionIII,paragraph3.
19. ThereshallbeatleastonecompletespiralasdefinedinSectionIII,paragraph3,accomplishedatademonstrationflight,unlessotherwiseagreed.
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AStatePartywishingtouseaformofinfra-redcalibrationtargetotherthanthatdescribedinSectionII(suchasactivetargetsorcalibrationtargetswithdifferentdimensions)maypresenttotheOSCCforapprovalanappropriatecalibrationtargetdesign,Hminmethodol-ogy,andsupportingdataintheformofaproposedannextothisDeci-sion.
TheproceduresinthisdecisionshallbeacceptableforanyIRLSoperatingbetween7.0and15microns.Theprocedureshereinareconsideredalsoacceptableforinfra-redline-scanningdevicesoperatingaslowas3.0micronsiftheStatePartycertifyingsuchanIRLSpresentsdataintheirFlightTestDatabase(additionaltothatdataspecifiedinSectionIII)sufficienttoverifyreasonableperformanceintheshorterwavelengths(3.0to7.0microns).AStatePartywishingtocertifyaninfra-redline-scanningdevicewhichoperatesinarangeofwave-lengthsoutsidethe3.0to15.0micronregionshallpresentdatatotheOSCCdemonstratingthatthecalibrationtargetandmethodologyofthisDecisionareapplicable,orprovideanalternativecalibrationtargetdesign,correspondingmethodologyandsupportingdataintheformofaproposedannextothisDecision.
ThisDecisionshallenterintoforceimmediately.Itshallremaininforceuntil31December2010.TheStatePartiesshall,withintheOpenSkiesConsultativeCommissionandduringtheperiodthisDecisionisinforce,concludeafollow-onagreementonthedetermina-tionofminimumheightabovegroundatwhichaninfra-redline-scan-ningdeviceconfigurationmaybeoperated,whichshallenterintoforceupontheexpirationofthisDecision.
DecidedinVienna,intheOpenSkiesConsultativeCom-mission,on17September2007,ineachofthelanguagesspecifiedinArticleXIXoftheTreatyonOpenSkies,alltextsbeingequallyauthen-tic.
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Annex1
GROUNDMEASUREMENTSOFTARGETTEMPERATURESWITHANIMAGINGRADIOMETER
1. Animagingradiometerwithaminimumof160x120pix-elsshallbeusedformeasuringtargettemperatures.
2. Radiometerimagesshallbetakenatleastevery60secondsstarting15minutesbeforethefirstpassofthefirstspiralandcontinueuntilfiveminutesafterthelastpassofthelastspiral.
3. Radiometerimagesshallbeusedtomeasuretheradianttemperatureofeachbarofthetarget.
4. Radiometerimagesshallbeusedtoshowthattherearenoobviousdistortionsortemperaturegradientswithintheimagesofthebars.
5. Theareaofthebarusedforcalculatingthetemperatureshallcontainasmuchofthebaraspracticalexcludingthepixelsclos-esttotheedgeofthebarandincludeaminimumtotaloftenpixelsforeachbarofthetarget.
6. Theradiometershallbemountedabovetheinfraredtargetataheightinsuchawaythatthelineofsightangleofanygroupofbarsofthetestobjectwouldnotexceed45degreesasopposedtotheverticalwhenmeasured.
7. Thecombinationoftheradiometerandlensusedtomakeradianttemperaturemeasurementsshallhaveacurrent“certificateofcalibration”basedontheradiometermanufacturer’srecommendation.Ifmultipleradiometersareusedtomeasuretargettemperatures,acrosscalibrationshallbeaccomplishedbeforeandaftereachday’sflyingactivities.Anybiasesshallbenotedinthedatapackageprovidedwiththeradiometerdata.
8. Theradiometerusedtomeasuretargettemperaturesshallbeinfocusandoperateinapproximatelythesameregionoftheinfra-redspectrumastheIRLSbeingevaluated.
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Annex2
DATATOBEPROVIDEDFORFLIGHTTESTSCERTIFICATIONANDDEMONSTRATIONFLIGHTS
1. Thisannexcontainsexamplelogsusedtorecordvariousdatatobecollectedduringflighttests,certification,anddemonstrationflights.Theseincludethevarioustests,processingandanalysesusedtocalculateHminandtoverifyimageacceptabilityandtorecordtheatmo-sphericconditions.Theseformsmaybetailoredforspecificaircraft,sensorsand/oroperationalconfigurations.ElectronicversionsoftheselogsareavailableontheOSCEsecurewebsite.
2. Table1isanexampleofatablethatrecordstheactualaircraftflightparameterssuchasthealtitudeabovegroundlevel,air-speed,aircraftattitude,etc.Thisdatashouldberecordedonceperpass,ascloseaspossibletowhenthetesttargetisbeingimaged.Ifmoreprecisedataisobtainedelectronically,thismaybesubstitutedforthemanualformafterflight.
3. Table2aisanexampleofatablethatrecordsweatherdataatthetargetsite.Datashallberecordedatleastonceperhour.
Table2bisusedtoprovideinformationontheshadowsovereachtargetgroup.Theseshadowsmaybecausedbyclouds,thedeviceusedtomountthetemperaturemeasuringdevice,orimagingormappingradiometer(boomorbuckettruck),orsomeothercondition.
Figures2c,2d,and2eareexamplesoftargetlayoutdescrip-tiondiagrams,whichareusedtoidentifythenamesofeachbargroup,locationoftheweatherstation,directionofflight,trueheading(ori-entation)ofthetargetlayout,andotherdescriptorsofrelevance.Tofurtherdescribethetargetarea,colourphotosofthetargetarrayshallbetakenfromaboomatleastonceperdayandatleastonceforeachchangeintargetconfiguration.Thenamesusedforthebargroupsinthesefiguresshallbeappliedconsistentlythroughthedatadocumenta-tion.
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4. Table3willbetherecordoftargettemperaturedatafromtheimagingradiometer.Forautomaticrecordingimagingsystems,thetargetdatawillbecollectedatleastevery60secondsinthenativeformatoftheimagingradiometer.Imageryfromtheradiometricdeviceshallbemadeavailabletoallinspectors.Thecolumnsformeasure-mentsofthebackgroundneartheouterbarsareonlyrequiredforthosecalibrationtargetsusinganaluminiummiddlebar.
5. Table4isusedtorecorddistortionmeasurementsandtar-getlocationparametersderivedfromimagesofthetargetforeachpassofthesensoroverthecalibrationtarget.
6. Table5isusedtorecordfilmprocessingparameters,whichareprovidedforeachrollofimageryprocessed.
7. Table6isusedtorecordvisualanalysisoftheimageryandasummaryofimageacceptabilityandtargetacceptability.
8. Table7showstheparametersandresultsoftheHmincalcu-lations.
9. CertifyingStatesPartiesareencouragedtousethesestan-dardizedformsandtoprovidethefilledinformsinbothhardcopyandelectronicformat,however,additionalfieldsshouldbeaddediftheyprovideimportantdatarelevanttothesensorconfigurationbeingcertifiedortested.Asitmaybecomedesirabletoautomatetheanalysisofthisdataatsomepoint,StatePartiesarefurtherencouragedtonotdeleteunusedfieldsfromthisform,buttomerelyleavetheseblank.
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ESTABLISHINGTHEHIGHTEMPERATUREREGION
TheStatePartyshallprovideagraphshowingallofthepro-videdflighttestdata,includinganymeasurementpairsoutsideofthehightemperatureregion,asafunctionofthetemperaturedifferenceasmeasuredonthegroundaswellasanExcelspreadsheetrepresentingthedatagraphed.Thedatashallincludeseparateentriesforeachspi-ral,eachtarget,eachbargroupsize,andeachobserverincludedintheflighttestdata.SeeexamplegiveninfigureA3.1andtableA3.1.TableA3.1mayincludedatafromallvaluesoftemperatureandwhetherornotthespecificdatasatisfiesallthecriteriaofSectionV,paragraphs4and5,andfrombothsuccessfulandunsuccessfulspirals.
FigureA3.1FlightTestData
TableA3.1FlightTestData
∆T H La/L Observer bar Target Name Spiral File Name
10.95 4125 Igor 40 GEBKC File 19.60 3000 Mark 40 GEBKC File 19.60 3000 Abraham 40 GEBKC File 18.85 2250 John 40 GEDGC File 19.15 2500 James 40 GEDGC File 19.60 3000 Ivan 40 GEDGC File 19.30 2750 Paul 40 GEBKC Files 29.15 2500 Junia 40 GEBKC File 29.15 2500 Priscilla 40 GELGC Files 29.15 2500 Timothy 40 GELGC Files 211.25 3000 Rebekah 50 GEBKC Files 3
MRT a pproa ch
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R2 = 0.6109
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Temperature Difference measured on the ground
Flight Test Data
H L
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∆t1 ∆t2
MRT a pproa ch
y = 586.95x 0.2127
R2 = 0.6109
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Sp
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Temperature Difference measured on the ground
Flight Test Data
H L
a / L
MRT a pproa ch
y = 586.95x 0.2127
R2 = 0.6109
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Temperature Difference measured on the ground
Flight Test Data
H L
a / L
∆t1 ∆t2
452
Second,givenaspecificvalueof∆t2,theStatePartyshallprovideagraphshowingthevalueofHmin-expected(∆t1)asafunctionofdifferentchoicesof∆t1.SeetheexamplegiveninfigureA3.2.Ifnecessary,sev-eralgraphsfordifferingvaluesof∆t2shouldbegiven.
FigureA3.2Hminvalueasafunctionofchoiceof∆t1
TheStatePartymayincludeothergraphsandanalysistosupportthespecificationofthehightemperatureregion.Severalexamplesaredescribedbelow.
Givenaspecificvalueof∆t2,alinearfitmaybemadeforeachpossiblechoiceofδt1.Thisprovidesavalueoftheslopeoftheregressionline,m(∆t1)andanR2coefficient,R2(∆t1).TheStatePartymayprovideagraphofR2(∆t1)asafunctionofdifferentchoicesof∆t1.SeetheexamplegiveninfigureA3.3.
FigureA3.3R2valueversus∆t1
Asanotherexample,theStatePartymayprovideagraphshowingtheprojectedHmintrendratio|m(∆t1)*( ∆t2-∆t1)/Hmin-
expected(∆t1)|asafunctionofdifferentchoicesof∆t1.SeetheexamplegiveninfigureA3.4.
Hmin vs delta t 1
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FigureA3.4|m(∆t1)*( ∆t2-∆t1)/Hmin-expected(∆t1)|versus∆t1
Projected Hmin Trend vs Temperature
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Projected Hmin Trend vs Temperature
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