Treatment is Effective Behavioral Health is Essential to Health Prevention Works People Recover...
-
Upload
muriel-stone -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
2
Transcript of Treatment is Effective Behavioral Health is Essential to Health Prevention Works People Recover...
Treatment is Effective
Behavioral Health is Essential to Health
Prevention Works
People Recover
Improving the quality of life for West Virginians with behavioral health needs
West Virginia Department of Health and Human ResourcesBureau for Behavioral Health and Health Facilities
WV Drug Trends
Elizabeth M. Shahan, MSW, LGSW&
Jo Anne McNemar, MS, PSIIFunded by:
This training is funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse
Prevention, and the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,
Bureau for Behavioral Health and Health Facilities.
Learning Objectives
Recognize drugs of abuse currently trending in WV
Learn ways to prevent drug abuse
Determine how to recognize signs and symptoms of drug use
WV Drug Threat Outlook
Alcohol and tobacco will remain principal drug threats to WV because of existing high levels of abuse, availability and accessibility
Pharmaceutical abuse (opiates) has registered as a significant problem, reaching into every county in WV
Marijuana will continue to be the most widely available and commonly abused illicit drug in WV.
WV Drug Threat Outlook
Methamphetamine production has increased since 2006 and has spread throughout the state.
The threat posed by Synthetic Drugs such as Bath Salts and Synthetic Marijuana (K2) has been on the radar since 2010 and has risen significantly in 2011.
Cocaine has been found in WV but has not shown a significant increase in use during the recent past.
Alcohol
Alcohol is alcohol is alcohol…
Source: National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Alcohol
Alcohol affects your self-controlAlcohol depresses your central
nervous system, lowers your inhibitions, and impairs your judgment
Drinking can lead to risky behaviors, such as driving when you shouldn’t, or having unprotected sex
Missing work-calling in sick when you have a hangover
Signs of Drinking Problems
Getting drunk on a regular basis Lying about how much alcohol he or
she is using Believing that alcohol is necessary to
have fun Having frequent hangovers Feeling run-down, depressed, or
even suicidal Having "blackouts"--forgetting what
he or she did while drinking
Tobacco
Tobacco is addictive. Cigarettes contain nicotine-a powerfully addictive substance. Three-quarters – 75% - of young people who use tobacco daily continue to do so because they find it hard to quit.
Tobacco can kill you. Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in this country. More than 440,000 Americans die from tobacco-related causes each year, and most of them began using tobacco before the age of 18.
Marijuana (Cannabis)
Cannabis and Hashish: Weed, Pot, 420, Grass, Hash, Joints, Mary Jane, Chronic, Herb, Dope
Marijuana
It increases heart rate It causes anxiety, paranoia, panic
attacks It causes impaired memory and
learningContributes to accidents to self and
others Automobile Household Occupational
Differences in Marijuana Today
The average potency of marijuana has
more than doubled since 1998
There are also synthetic forms of marijuana
which are chemically based and more potent
Source: National Center for National Products Research Mehmedic, Z. et al. (2010) Potency trends of THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated cannabis preparations from 1993 to 2008. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 55(5), 1209-1217.
Marijuana Paraphernalia
Specific odor Rolling papers, baggies, empty canisters Pipes, bongs, other smoking devices Abundance of incense
Source: Google Images
Other Illicit Drugs
Narcotics/Opioids Street: heroin Prescription pain
killers
Stimulants Cocaine and crack Methamphetamine
Inhalants
Synthetic Drugs Bath Salts K2/Spice
Narcotics
Drugs used medicinally to relieve pain Have a high potential for abuse and
dependence tolerance builds quickly; user needs more and
more to get same effect Cause relaxation with an immediate
“rush” Initial unpleasant effects – restlessness,
nausea Street vs. Prescription Narcotics
Street Narcotic: Heroin (Smack, Horse, Junk) Prescription Narcotics (Vicodin, Percodan,
Demerol, Oxycontin, Methadone, Codeine)
Street Narcotics: Heroin
Usually smoked, injected, sniffed, or taken orally
Use causes confusion, itching, constipation, blocks pain messages to brain
Increases risk of Hepatitis and HIV if injected
Prescription Opioids
Oxycodone (OxyContin, Percodan, Percocet)
Propoxyphene (Darvon)Hydrocodone (Vicodin, Lortab,
Lorcet)Hydrmorphone (Dilaudid)Meperidine (Demerol)Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)Morphine (Kadian, Avinza, MS Contin)CodeineFentanyl (Duragesic)Methadone
OxyContin
Minimum $1 per milligram on the
street, but this is on the rise due to tightening of
prescription drug laws.
Hydrocodone
Street Value:Approximately
$10 per pill
Average Number of Retail Prescription Drugs Filled at Pharmacies (annual per capita)
2008 2009 2010 20110
5
10
15
20
25
14.9
18.8 18.5 19.3
9.5
12.0 12.0 12.1 WVUS
Source: Kaiser State Health Facts
Prescription Drug Overdose Deaths in WVRate per 100,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
9.212.0
13.8
18.321.5
26.6 26.7 26.624.8
30.7
36.5WV
Perc
ent R
epor
ting
Use
Source: WV Health Statistics Center
Narcotics
Possible effects: “euphoria,” drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted (pin-point) pupils
Withdrawal Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning,
cramps Loss of appetite, irritability, nausea Tremors, panic, chills, sweating
Stimulants
Cocaine, Amphetamines, Methamphetamines
High potential for abuse/dependence
These are used to: relieve fatigue and increase alertness feel stronger and more decisive to counteract tranquilizers and alcohol
Prescribed Stimulants
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine and Adderall)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin and Concerta)
Source: www.justice.gov/dea
Cocaine and Crack CocaineStreet Names: Coke, Dust, Snow,
Blow, Powder, Lines, Rock (Crack Cocaine)
Cocaine and Crack Cocaine It is illegal – in any form Even first-time users can have seizures
or fatal heart attacks It is expensive – regular users can
spend hundreds or thousands of dollars on cocaine each week
Cocaine impairs judgment and increases risk for poor decision-making (financial,
breaking the law) HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis being the victim of rape and/or
unplanned pregnancy
Methamphetamines
“Meth” is an extremely powerful and addictive stimulant that affects the nervous system
Street Names: Speed, Meth, Crank, Chalk, Ice, Glass
Methamphetamine Labs Reported to Public Health
2009 2010 2011 20120
50
100
150
200
250
300
109
140
171
271
Source: WV Bureau for Public Health, Office of Environmental Health Services
As of April 16, 2013, there have
been 124 reported labs for 2013.
2012Methamphetamine Lab
Notifications
BERKELEY
GRANT
HAMPSHIRE
HARDY
MINERAL
MORGAN
PENDLETON
JEFFERSON
FAYETTEGREENBRIER
MERCER
MONROE
NICHOLASPOCAHONTAS
SUMMERS
WEBSTER
LOGAN
MCDOWELL
MIN
GO RALEIGH
WYOMING
BOONE
CABELL
LINCOLNWAYNE
CLAY
KANAWHA
JACKSON
MASON
PUTNAM
BRAXTON
GILMER LEWIS
DO
DDRID
GE
BARBOUR
RANDOLPH
TUCKER
UPSHUR
HARRISON
MARION
MONONGALIA
PRESTON
TAYLOR
TYLER
BROOKE
HANCOCK
MARSHALL
OHIO
WETZEL
ROANE
CA
LH
OU
N
RITCHIE
WIRT
WOOD
PLEA
SANTS
MARIONMARION
BARBOUR TUCKER
Total Lab Notifications:
2012: 271
2011: 1712010: 1402009: 109
8520
20
09
07 0909
22
01
02
0805
0105
01
05
01
03
04
03
0202
01
02
15
05
03
07
04
01
02
07
Source: WV Bureau for Public Health, Office of Environmental Health
Services
Stimulants
Indications of possible misuse: Excessive activity, talkativeness,
irritability, argumentativeness or nervousness
Increased blood pressure or pulse rate, dilated pupils
Long periods without sleeping or eating
Euphoria
Inhalants
1 in 5 teens have used inhalants to get high – starting in elementary school
Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome (SSDS)
Erowid.org
Inhalants
Glues/adhesives Nail polish
remover Markers Air duster Spray paint Butane lighter
fluid Typewriter
correction fluid
Gasoline Propane gas Household
cleaners Cooking sprays Whipping cream
cans A/C coolants
Common Household Items
Inhalants
Signs of inhalant abuse: Sitting with a pen/marker near nose Constantly smelling clothing sleeves Showing paint or stain marks on
fingers, face or clothing Hiding rags, clothes, or empty
containers of potentially abused products in closets or other places
Inhalants
Prolonged use can lead to: Red or runny eyes or nose, without a
cold Nausea and/or loss of appetite Chronic use symptoms of anxiety,
excitability, irritability or restlessness Major organ and tissue damage Link between car painting in 1960s to
Parkinson’s Disease
Other Synthetics
Bath SaltsK2/Spice (synthetic marijuana)
Bath Salts
Bath Salts are synthetic stimulant drugs
VERY DANGEROUS: addictive and potentially lethal
More potent than cocaineNot organic-made with chemicalsThey do not contain fragrant soaps
or oils, yet they are packaged to seem so
Bath Salts
Crystalized powder that can be white to brown, with shades in between and even speckled.
Typically an attractive package about the size of a tea bag.
The label says “Not for Human Consumption”
Manufactured mainly in China or India. There are labs in the US…
Bath Salt Use in WV
Bath Salts abuse and problems associated with abuse are increasing at an alarming rate.
2009-no calls to Poison center for bath salts2010-304 calls (WV reported 4)2011-6,138 calls (WV reported 253)2012-2,656 calls (WV reported 45)
K2/Spice (synthetic marijuana)
Synthetic drugsSynthesized to mimic effects of
marijuanaMore potent than THCNot organic-made with chemicals
(sprayed on plant material)When burned this substance usually
has a pleasant odor…
K2 Nationally
America’s poison centers first received calls about “synthetic marijuana” in late 2009 2,960 calls in 2010--36 calls in WV 6,955 calls in 2011--77 calls in WV
80% of these calls placed from ER, compared to 20% regularly
What is the appeal? It produces a high similar to that of
marijuana It doesn't contain tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC), the psychoactive chemical in marijuana
K2 contains synthetic chemicals, known as JWH-018 and JWH-073, that mimic THC by acting on the cannabinoid receptors in the brain It binds with the CB1 receptor and produces a
euphoric effect or high in humans. JWH-018 binds with CB1 receptors at a rate four times greater than THC (natural or synthetic)
The common marijuana drug tests are calibrated to detect THC and THC metabolites, not the synthetics used in Spice or K2
What does it look like?
How is it used?
Smoked in jointsSmoked in pipesMixed in tea
Street Names
Spice K2 Genie Yucatan Fire Sense Smoke Black Mamba Fake Weed Designer drugs
Skunk Bliss Bombay Blue Zohai
Effects
Dizziness Nausea Vomiting Anxiety Paranoia Rapid Heart Beat Increased Blood Pressure Loss of Consciousness Paranoid Behavior Intense Hallucinations Agitation Seizures
Resources
Alcoholics Anonymous 1-800-333-5051
Narcotics Anonymous 1-800-766-4442
Suicide Prevention Lifeline 1-800-273-8255
WV Prescription Drug Abuse Quit-line
1-866-987-8488
WV Poison Control 1-800-222-1222
References
Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP): www.samhsa.gov
National Drug Intelligence Center: www.usdoj.gov/ndic/index.htm
National Institute on Drug Abuse: www.nida.nih.gov/drugpages
Street Drugs: www.streetdrugs.org National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism:
www.niaaa.nih.gov Kaiser State Health Facts: kff.org/statedata Drug Enforcement Agency: www.dea.gov www.TheAntiDrug.com www.freevibe.com www.putingkidsfirst.org
References
www.lifematters.com k2spicediamond.com/ (this is an internet
store) stopthedrugwar.org k3spice.blogspot.com/ (this is an internet
store) CADCA Webinar – Designer Drugs: The New
Frontier Northern New England Poison Center
www.nnepc.org Bangor Police Department, Bangor, ME
www.bangormaine.gov/cs_ps_police.php Maine Drug Enforcement Agency
www.maine.gov/dps/mdea Web MD www.webmd.com American Association of Poison Control Centers
www.aapcc.org Office of National Drug Control Policy
www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov
Special Thanks:
Some slides/pictures were adapted from presentation materials by:
Rebecca Miller, MPH, BSN, RN, CSPI, CHES
Northern New England Poison [email protected]
207-662-7224
Michael Ang-Rabanes, MDChestnut Ridge Hospital, Morgantown,
WV
Contact Information
Cathy Coontz, MA, MS, PSII, NPN Prevention Lead for WV and
National Prevention Network for WV
Division on Alcoholism and Drug AbuseBureau for Behavioral Health and Health
Facilities350 Capitol Street, Room 350
Charleston, WV 25301