Phytochemistry

Practical Information

Status: Compulsory

Time schedule: 4th

semester

Teaching methods: Lectures, tutorials, practicals,

Dimension of course: 7 ECTS-points.

Number of hours: 30 lectures of 45 min, 10 tutorials of 45 minutes, 45 practicals

of 45 minutes, group work 10 of 45 minutes.

Frequency: Once a year.

Evaluation: Continuing: 50 points

Final: 50 points

A student can pass the subject without a final exam if he/she

collects at least 71 points throughout the semester with the

following mark scale:

71-76 points 6

77-82 points 7

83-88 points 8

89-94 points 9

95-100 pints 10

Teaching material:

Kulevanova S., Farmakognozija, fitohemija i prirodni lekoviti i aromati~ni surovini, Kultura, Skopje, 2006

Bruneton J., Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants, 2nd Edition, Intercept Ltd., Londres, Paris, New York, 1999

Evans W. C., Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 15th edition, W. B. Saunders, Edinburgh, London, New York, Philadelphia, St. Luis, Sydney, Toronto, 2002

Purpose: The objective of the course is to give the students knowledge about the main classes of

secondary metabolites, classified according to their biosynthesis and their physico-chemical

characteristics.

Pre requests:

The teaching is organized on the assumption that the students have a knowledge

corresponding to the content of the courses: Organic Chemistry, General and cell biology and

Instrumental pharmaceutical analyses.

Content: The course deals with the chemical composition of living plants; Photosynthesis, Primary

metabolites (plant carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and proteins); Basic biosynthetic

pathways of secondary metabolites; Classification of secondary metabolites; Physico-

chemical characteristics, extraction and methods of investigations as well as pharmacological

activity and use of secondary metabolites:

Plant phenolics: simple phenols and phenol glycosides; coumarines; lignans, neolignans and related compounds; flavonoids; anthocyanidins; tannins; quinines

Terpenoides and steroids: monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes; essential oils; iridoids; diterpens; triterpenoid and steroidal saponins; cardioactive glycosides; tetraterpenes

Alkaloids: derivatives of ornithine and lysine; derivatives of phenylalanine and tyrosine; derivatives of tryptophan; derivatives of anthranilic acid; derivatives of

histidine; derivates from terpene metabolism; steroidal alkaloids; purine basis;

compounds with miscellaneous structure.

Outcome:

Knowledge of the main classes of secondary metabolites.

Ability to explain the biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite based on organic chemical principles.

Ability to explain the structure and solubility and chemical properties of secondary metabolites

Ability to discuss the extraction of herbal drugs and isolation of a secondary metabolite from plant material.

Ability to explain methods for analyses of secondary compounds in herbal drugs.

Knowledge of pharmacological properties of secondary compounds and their usage as chief substances and as constituents of herbal drugs or herbal extracts.

Student load:

Hours:

Lectures 30

Preparation for lectures 30

Tutorials (class hours) 10

Preparation for tutorials 10

Practicals 45

Preparation for practicals 15

Group work 10

Subtotal 150

Evaluation 60

Total 210 hours

Course responsible: Prof. Svetlana Kulevanova, svku@ff.ukim.edu.mk