Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report Part 3/3

Part 2 Country/Economy Profilesand Data Presentation

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM 13

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 114

2.1Country/Economy Profiles

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 115

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 116

ArgentinaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................38.7Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................2,780.4

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................181.5Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................14,109Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................9.2

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators Online Database (December 2006); IMF, World Economic Outlook OnlineDatabase (April and September 2006 editions); national sources

Travel & Tourism indicators

T&T Industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................5,899...................2.9...................3.0Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................630...................4.0...................1.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................16,325...................8.0...................3.3Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,488...................9.5...................1.6

Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, TSA Research 2006

International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,895International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........2,753

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index

2007 Index......................................................................................................64 4.2T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................85 3.9

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................78 4.3Environmental regulation ...................................................................................94 3.4Safety and security .............................................................................................91 3.9Health and hygiene .............................................................................................90 4.0Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................64 3.8

T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................58 3.6Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................43 3.5Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................69 3.4Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................51 3.5ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................55 3.0Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................62 4.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................45 5.0Human resources ................................................................................................66 5.1

Education and training.................................................................................53 4.9Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................95 3.8Workforce wellness .....................................................................................53 6.5

National tourism perception..............................................................................52 5.1Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................35 4.9

Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to the Read Country/Economy Profiles.”

2007–2016Percent annual growth of total (%, forecast)

Rank Score(out of 124) (1–7 scale)

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

International tourist arrivals (thousands)

International tourism receipts (US$ millions)

117

How

to R

ead

the

Coun

try/E

cono

my

Prof

iles

This section presents two-page profiles for all the 124economies included in the Travel & TourismCompetitiveness Report 2007.

Left-hand page

Key indicatorsThe first section presents several key indicators that givea sense of the size of the country and its economy.Population and surface area figures are from the WorldBank’s World Development Indicators Online Database.GDP numbers are from the IMF’s World EconomicOutlook Online Database.

Travel & Tourism indicatorsThe second section presents Travel & Tourism (T&T)indicators that aim to provide a measure of the past,current, and projected future activity of Travel &Tourism in each an economy.This section is split intotwo parts:

The first part presents data from the TourismSatellite Accounting Research carried out annuallyby the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC).Developed by the United Nations World TourismOrganization (UNWTO), the Organisation forEconomic Co-operation and Development (OECD),and Eurostat, the Tourism Satellite (TSA) frameworkis a statistical tool—including concepts, definitions,aggregates, classifications, and tables—that is compatible with international national accountingguidelines and allows for valid international comparisons.The TSA also makes these estimatescomparable with other internationally recognizedmacroeconomic aggregates and compilations. Usingthe TSA approach,WTTC estimates the current andprojected future economic contribution of Travel & Tourism in terms of an economy’s GDP andemployment.WTTC defines the T&T industry asa narrow perspective of T&T activity that capturesthe production-side industry contribution (that is,direct impact only).The T&T economy is a broaderperspective of Travel & Tourism that takes into consideration the direct as well as the indirect contributions by traditional travel service providersand industry suppliers within the resident economy.This latter perspective is used when one wants tounderstand the total impact of Travel & Tourism onthe resident economy. More information regardingWTTC’s TSA Research, along with details on themethodology and data, are available atwww.wttc.org/tsa1.htm.

The second part of the T&T indicators presentsdata on international tourist arrivals and interna-tional tourism receipts over the period 1995 to2005. In some cases data are missing for particularyears.The graph shows all available data during thisperiod for each economy.The data were providedby the UNWTO.

The number of international tourist arrivals,expressed in thousands, is the most common unit of

How to Read the Country/Economy ProfilesTHIERRY GEIGER, Economist, World Economic Forum

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 117

118

How

to R

ead

the

Coun

try/E

cono

my

Prof

iles

measure used to quantify the volume of interna-tional tourism for statistical purposes. It includesexclusively overnight visitors—that is, tourists whostay at least one night in a collective or privateaccommodation in the country visited. Same-dayvisitors are not included.The number of arrivalsdoes not necessarily correspond to the number ofpersons.The same person who makes several tripsto a given country during a given period will becounted as a new arrival each time.

International tourism receipts, expressed inmillions of current US$, are the receipts earned bya destination country from inbound tourism andcover all tourism receipts resulting from expendi-tures made by visitors from abroad, on, for instance,lodging, food and drinks, fuel, transport in thecountry, entertainment, shopping, and so on.Thismeasure includes receipts generated by overnight aswell as by same-day trips. Receipts from same-daytrips can be substantial, as in the case of countrieswhere a lot of shopping for goods and servicestakes place by visitors from neighboring countries.

Travel & Tourism Competitiveness IndexThe third section of the page presents the economy’sperformance on the Travel & Tourism CompetitivenessIndex (TTCI) and its various components. For furtheranalysis, the Data Tables at the end of the Report providedetailed rankings and scores for each of the 58 variablesincluded in the TTCI.

Right-hand page

Travel & Tourism competitiveness balance sheetThe right-hand page of each profile forms an economy’scompetitiveness balance sheet. It allows the reader toquickly identify the variables that constitute the relativestrengths (competitive advantages) and the relativeweaknesses (competitive disadvantages) of an economyin terms of T&T competitiveness.Variables are organizedby pillar, with advantages listed on the left-hand sideand disadvantages listed on the right-hand side.

To identify variables as advantage or disadvantages,the following rules are applied:

• For the top 10 economies in the overall Travel &Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), any variableson which the economy is ranked 10th or higher areconsidered to be advantages.Any variables rankedbelow 10 are considered to be disadvantages. Forexample, the United States, ranked 5th overall, hasthe indicator “airport density” (8th) listed as anadvantage, while the indicator “stringency of environmental regulations” (21st) is considered as a disadvantage.

• For those economies ranked from 11th to 50th onthe overall TTCI, any variables with a higher rankthan the economy’s overall rank are considered tobe advantages.Any variables ranked equal to, orlower than, the economy’s overall rank are disad-vantages. For example, Slovak Republic ranks 37thoverall.Thus, the quality of railroad infrastructureon which the country ranks 27th is an advantage,while the number of World Heritage sites (40th)and carbon dioxide damage (81st) both constitutedisadvantages.

• For the economies with an overall rank on theTTCI lower than 50, any variables for which theeconomy has a rank of 50 or higher are consideredto be advantages.Any variables ranked below 50 areconsidered to be disadvantages. For example, ranked69th overall, Guatemala has the variable “nationallyprotected areas” (16th) listed as an advantage, whilethe variable “Ticket taxes and airport charges”(112th) is a disadvantage.

ArgentinaNational competitiveness balance sheet

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................1

Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................12

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................29

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................23

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................126.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................286.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................42

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................3410.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................46

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................2511.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................3911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................4011.04 Local availability of research and training services.............43

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................812.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................35

Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................2413.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................49

COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES Rank/124

Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1211.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1111.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................751.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................63

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1102.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................912.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................87

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1083.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................105

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......114

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................775.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................755.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................69

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................846.06 International air transport network .....................................556.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................52

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................667.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................657.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................637.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................58

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................568.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................53

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................579.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................559.02 Internet users .....................................................................52

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................11810.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................81

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9911.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................8211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................7211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................54

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................95

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................7913.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................7113.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................65

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 118

119

List

of

Coun

trie

s/Ec

onom

ies

List of Countries/Economies

Country/Economy Page

Albania 120Algeria 122Angola 124Argentina 126Armenia 128Australia 130Austria 132Azerbaijan 134Bahrain 136Bangladesh 138Barbados 140Belgium 142Benin 144Bolivia 146Bosnia and Herzegovina 148Botswana 150Brazil 152Bulgaria 154Burkina Faso 156Burundi 158Cambodia 160Cameroon 162Canada 164Chad 166Chile 168China 170Colombia 172Costa Rica 174Croatia 176Cyprus 178Czech Republic 180Denmark 182Dominican Republic 184Ecuador 186Egypt 188El Salvador 190Estonia 192Ethiopia 194Finland 196France 198Gambia 200Georgia 202Germany 204Greece 206Guatemala 208Guyana 210Honduras 212Hong Kong SAR 214Hungary 216


Iceland 218India 220Indonesia 222Ireland 224Israel 226Italy 228Jamaica 230Japan 232Jordan 234Kazakhstan 236Kenya 238Korea, Rep. 240Kuwait 242Kyrgyz Republic 244Latvia 246Lesotho 248Lithuania 250Luxembourg 252Macedonia, FYR 254Madagascar 256Malawi 258Malaysia 260Mali 262Malta 264Mauritania 266Mauritius 268Mexico 270Moldova 272Mongolia 274Morocco 276Mozambique 278Namibia 280Nepal 282Netherlands 284New Zealand 286Nicaragua 288Nigeria 290Norway 292Pakistan 294Panama 296Paraguay 298Peru 300Philippines 302Poland 304Portugal 306Qatar 308Romania 310Russian Federation 312Serbia and Montenegro 314


Singapore 316Slovak Republic 318Slovenia 320South Africa 322Spain 324Sri Lanka 326Suriname 328Sweden 330Switzerland 332Taiwan, China 334Tajikistan 336Tanzania 338Thailand 340Trinidad and Tobago 342Tunisia 344Turkey 346Uganda 348Ukraine 350United Arab Emirates 352United Kingdom 354United States 356Uruguay 358Venezuela 360Vietnam 362Zambia 364Zimbabwe 366

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 119

120

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AlbaniaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................28.8

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................8.4Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................5,405Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.5



T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ................................................................346...................3.8...................7.5Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................44...................3.1...................3.9

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,072.................11.9...................7.4Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................138...................9.6...................3.8


International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ...............................46International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............861




Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................84 4.1Environmental regulation .................................................................................124 2.5Safety and security .............................................................................................80 4.1Health and hygiene .............................................................................................58 4.8Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................107 2.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................114 2.5Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................113 2.0Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................122 1.9Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................86 2.4ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................106 1.8Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................81 4.3




Note: For descriptions of variables and detailed sources, please refer to “How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.”



1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 120

121

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AlbaniaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................424.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................49

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................44

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................811.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................1811.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................38

National tourism perception12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................4

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................27


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1161.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1131.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1101.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................66

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1242.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1232.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................116

Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................913.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................773.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................68

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1044.02 Physician density................................................................69

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1205.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................905.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................86

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1116.06 International air transport network ...................................1046.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1036.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................916.04 Airport density ....................................................................906.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................71

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1217.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1157.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1147.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................106

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................768.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................738.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................1199.02 Internet users ...................................................................1009.03 Telephone lines...................................................................84

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................9810.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................9010.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................6110.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................53

Human resources11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........11811.05 Extent of staff training......................................................11111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................8011.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................7611.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................53

< < < (Cont’d. on bottom of left column)

(Disadvantages cont’d. from bottom of right column)


National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................8712.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................68

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................12213.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................8713.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 121

122

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AlgeriaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................32.9Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................2,381.7

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .............................................102.0Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,189Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................5.3



T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,581...................1.5...................7.0Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................121...................1.4...................5.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................7,095...................6.8...................4.9Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................496...................5.9...................3.2


International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,443International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2004 ..............178




Policy rules and regulations............................................................................113 3.4Environmental regulation ...................................................................................82 3.7Safety and security .............................................................................................74 4.2Health and hygiene .............................................................................................53 4.9Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................109 2.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................93 2.8Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................101 2.3Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................78 3.0Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................114 1.7ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................118 1.6Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................9 5.5


Education and training.................................................................................83 4.3Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................107 3.7Workforce wellness .....................................................................................57 6.5

National tourism perception............................................................................114 4.0Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................65 4.3




1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 122

123

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AlgeriaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................33

Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................454.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........48

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................310.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................3210.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................41

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25

Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................981.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................911.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................841.02 Property rights....................................................................66

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................892.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............792.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................72

Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1143.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................80

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................754.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................65

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................1055.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................945.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................825.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................916.06 International air transport network .....................................886.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................856.04 Airport density ....................................................................806.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................726.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................66

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................817.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................797.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................787.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................72

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................1158.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1028.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................77

ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................1239.02 Internet users .....................................................................969.03 Telephone lines...................................................................88

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................51

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................11711.04 Local availability of research and training services...........10011.05 Extent of staff training........................................................9811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9211.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................8111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................7311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................6611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................56




National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................10712.01 Tourism openness ............................................................10212.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................91

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................8913.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................8713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................7813.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................78

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 123

124

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AngolaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................15.9Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,246.7

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................32.8Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,813Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................20.6




T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,793.................40.5...................2.2Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,179.................33.3...................3.7


International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................210International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2004 ................66



2007 Index....................................................................................................122 2.9T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................122 2.9

Policy rules and regulations............................................................................121 2.9Environmental regulation .................................................................................115 2.9Safety and security .............................................................................................92 3.8Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................119 2.6Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................121 2.3

T&T business environment and infrastructure .........................................113 2.5Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................98 2.3Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................120 2.0Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................115 1.6ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................121 1.6Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................30 5.0

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................124 3.3Human resources ..............................................................................................118 3.1

Education and training...............................................................................122 2.4Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................77 4.2Workforce wellness ...................................................................................115 2.7

National tourism perception............................................................................121 3.6Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................119 3.0




1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM 4

125

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AngolaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................30

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................1410.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................35



Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1211.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1191.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.02 Property rights..................................................................1081.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................63


Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1153.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................91

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1124.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................1084.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................1044.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........94

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1155.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1105.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................1055.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................105

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network ...................................1136.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1076.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................996.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................976.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................83

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1237.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1227.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................987.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................96

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................1158.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1028.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................101

ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................1189.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1139.02 Internet users ...................................................................107

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................8110.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................65

Human resources11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........12211.11 Life expectancy ................................................................12111.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................12011.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................11411.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10711.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................10711.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................9911.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................8011.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................71




National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................11912.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................11812.01 Tourism openness ............................................................101

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................11413.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................65

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 125

126

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ArgentinaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................38.7Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................2,780.4












T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................58 3.6Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................43 3.5Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................69 3.4Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................51 3.5ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................55 3.0Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................62 4.6







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 126

127

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ArgentinaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet






Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................126.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................286.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................42



Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................2511.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................3911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................4011.04 Local availability of research and training services.............43


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................2413.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................49


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1211.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1111.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................751.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................63

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1102.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................912.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................87

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1083.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................105


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................775.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................755.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................69

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................846.06 International air transport network .....................................556.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................52





Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9911.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................8211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................7211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................54



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 127

128

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ArmeniaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................29.8

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................3.8Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,270Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................13.9



T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/aEmployment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .................................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/aEmployment (1,000 jobs)........................................................n/a ...................n/a ...................n/a


International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................319International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............141




Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................92 3.8Environmental regulation .................................................................................102 3.3Safety and security .............................................................................................49 4.8Health and hygiene .............................................................................................40 5.5Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................67 3.7

T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................96 2.8Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................95 2.3Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................98 2.6Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................110 1.9ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................84 2.2Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................28 5.1







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 128

129

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ArmeniaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................373.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................39


Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................47

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................3310.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................3510.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................40

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................511.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................48

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................912.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................2512.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................47


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1001.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................841.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................751.02 Property rights....................................................................711.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................56

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1132.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................952.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................90


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........904.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................534.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................53

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................925.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................705.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................52

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network ...................................1076.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................866.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................856.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................766.04 Airport density ....................................................................72

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1247.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................867.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................767.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................68

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1028.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................888.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................66

ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................919.02 Internet users .....................................................................889.03 Telephone lines...................................................................67

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................67

Human resources11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........10411.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10311.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................8811.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................7911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................7211.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................53

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................11713.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................9413.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................6013.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................57

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 129

130

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AustraliaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................20.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................7,741.2




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................39,972...................5.3...................3.2Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................569...................5.6...................0.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................91,480.................12.2...................3.1Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,287.................12.8...................0.5


International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................5,020International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........16,866





T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................10 5.0Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................5 5.4Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................20 5.2Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................14 5.4ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................8 5.6Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................111 3.6


Education and training.................................................................................18 5.9Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................82 4.1Workforce wellness .......................................................................................2 7.0





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 130

131

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AustraliaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................10


Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................7

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................8

ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .......................................................................59.03 Telephone lines...................................................................10

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................311.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................1111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................12



Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................921.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................721.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................511.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................22

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................162.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............142.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................13

Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................783.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................19

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................394.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........22

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................445.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................285.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................235.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................13

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................236.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................216.06 International air transport network .....................................186.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................166.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................15

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................287.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................247.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................227.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................21

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................24

ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................16

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................10810.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................10110.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................8010.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................75

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................8211.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................7111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................2011.04 Local availability of research and training services.............16

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................8012.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................7012.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................20

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................6213.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................3113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................13

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 131

132

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AustriaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................8.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................83.9





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................52,768.................16.6...................1.9Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................786.................19.1...................1.3


International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................19,952International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 .........15,467



2007 Index........................................................................................................2 5.5T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................3 5.8

Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................22 5.3Environmental regulation .....................................................................................2 6.1Safety and security ...............................................................................................4 6.2Health and hygiene .............................................................................................14 6.2Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................14 5.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................12 5.0Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................23 4.1Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................17 5.5Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................1 6.9ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................22 4.8Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................113 3.6

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................1 5.9Human resources ................................................................................................23 5.5


National tourism perception..............................................................................33 5.5Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................2 6.5




1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20055,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 132

133

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AustriaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights......................................................................7

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................32.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T......................42.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................8

Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................63.02 Reliability of police services .................................................83.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................10


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..............................................................45.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................7

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................97.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................10

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................38.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................3

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.05 Extent of staff training..........................................................5

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................413.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................513.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................10


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................531.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................211.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................19

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........284.02 Physician density................................................................18

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................335.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................23

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................616.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................326.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................276.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................216.06 International air transport network .....................................216.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................17

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................387.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................16

ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .....................................................................239.03 Telephone lines...................................................................239.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................17

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................10910.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................10710.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................9210.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................34

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................11211.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................8411.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................6211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................2311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................1511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............1411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................13

National tourism perception12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................2512.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................1412.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................11


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 133

134

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AzerbaijanKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................8.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................86.6

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................12.6Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,601Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................24.3






International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,177International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................78





T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................70 3.3Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................77 2.8Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................49 3.9Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................101 2.1ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................73 2.4Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................17 5.3


Education and training.................................................................................78 4.5Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................9 5.4Workforce wellness .....................................................................................75 6.2

National tourism perception..............................................................................65 4.8Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................116 3.2




1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 134

135

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

AzerbaijanT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................481.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................50

Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................263.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................50


Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................436.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................47

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................347.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................45

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................510.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................2910.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................41

Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................511.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................36

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................412.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................33


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1001.02 Property rights....................................................................981.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................84

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1112.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1032.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................99


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........894.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................894.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................80

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................915.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................855.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................786.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................746.06 International air transport network .....................................736.04 Airport density ....................................................................66

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................637.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................58

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................928.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................828.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................65


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................86

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................10011.05 Extent of staff training........................................................9411.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................8911.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................8611.04 Local availability of research and training services.............6811.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................6811.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................67

National tourism perception12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................94

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................11813.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................9413.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................68

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 135

136

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BahrainKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.7Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................0.7

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................13.5Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................21,565Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.9



T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,137...................8.3...................5.8Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................38.................11.0...................3.8

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,851.................20.9...................4.9Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................84.................24.4...................3.2







T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................34 4.2Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................27 4.0Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................39 4.2Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................31 4.2ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................52 3.0Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................3 5.8







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

5001000150020002500300035004000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 136

137

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BahrainT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................32

Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........40


Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................96.06 International air transport network .....................................286.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................37

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................267.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................297.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................38

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................188.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................35

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................46

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................110.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................510.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................7

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................2611.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................45


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................851.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................681.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................561.02 Property rights....................................................................47


Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................993.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................543.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................47



Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................706.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................596.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................55

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................92

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................53

ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................829.02 Internet users .....................................................................47


Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................10711.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................10411.04 Local availability of research and training services.............9611.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................7911.05 Extent of staff training........................................................5911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................5111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................10412.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................89

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................10613.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................83

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 137

138

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BangladeshKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..........................................................................141.8Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................144.0

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................60.8Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................2,011Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.2



T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ................................................................945...................1.5...................5.7Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................851...................1.2...................3.2

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................2,350...................3.7...................5.3Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,181...................3.0...................2.9






Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................99 3.7Environmental regulation .................................................................................112 3.0Safety and security ...........................................................................................119 3.1Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................105 3.3Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................118 2.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................108 2.6Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................114 2.0Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................87 2.8Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................120 1.3ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................112 1.7Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................19 5.3

T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .............................................116 4.0Human resources ................................................................................................99 4.3

Education and training...............................................................................108 3.7Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................73 4.2Workforce wellness .....................................................................................99 5.0





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 138

139

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BangladeshT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................231.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................42

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................910.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................1610.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................48

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................25


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1061.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1021.02 Property rights....................................................................87

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1162.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1102.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................105

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1183.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1133.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................98

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1164.02 Physician density..............................................................1024.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................944.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................86

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1175.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1125.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1055.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................85

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1246.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1206.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1136.06 International air transport network .....................................946.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................696.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................58

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1077.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................987.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................727.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................68

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................1168.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1138.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................111

ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users ...................................................................1219.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1159.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................97


Human resources11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........12011.05 Extent of staff training......................................................11511.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................11511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................10511.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................10211.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................9711.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................9611.09 Malaria incidence................................................................8211.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................62




National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................11212.01 Tourism openness ............................................................10412.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................83

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................11913.03 Nationally protected areas................................................10213.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................6013.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................60

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 139

140

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BarbadosKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................0.4

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................3.1Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................17,610Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.9



T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ................................................................446.................13.1...................5.2Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................22.................16.5...................3.2



International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ............................548International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..............776





T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................36 4.1Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................53 3.2Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................41 4.1Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................42 3.8ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................25 4.6Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................33 4.9



National tourism perception................................................................................2 6.6Natural and cultural resources.........................................................................68 4.3




1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005400

500

600

700

800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 140

141

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BarbadosT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................22

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T......................9


Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................25.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................45.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................5

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................12

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................22

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................6

ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .....................................................................139.03 Telephone lines...................................................................18


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................1611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................26

National tourism perception12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................112.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................1912.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................26


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................411.02 Property rights....................................................................361.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................34

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............562.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................55


Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................724.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................364.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........31

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................105

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................886.04 Airport density ....................................................................856.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................696.06 International air transport network .....................................36

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................967.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................397.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................35

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1138.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................40


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................7910.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................5310.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................43

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................9911.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9611.04 Local availability of research and training services.............7711.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................6011.05 Extent of staff training........................................................4911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................39

Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................5413.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................37

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 141

142

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BelgiumKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................10.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................32.5





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................37,088...................9.4...................2.8Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................457.................10.6...................1.3






Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................20 5.3Environmental regulation ...................................................................................18 5.4Safety and security .............................................................................................36 5.1Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................2 6.6Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................86 3.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................29 4.4Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................26 4.0Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................9 6.0Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................33 4.2ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................29 4.4Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................114 3.5


Education and training...................................................................................5 6.1Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................114 3.5Workforce wellness .....................................................................................23 6.8





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20054,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 142

143

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BelgiumT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................131.02 Property rights....................................................................191.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................20

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................11

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..................................................................14.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................176.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................18

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................57.02 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................77.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................107.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................15

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................1

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .......................................811.04 Local availability of research and training services...............911.05 Extent of staff training........................................................13

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................1613.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................19



Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................322.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............21


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........21

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................875.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................705.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................695.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................59

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................816.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................426.06 International air transport network .....................................316.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................25

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................418.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................35


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................12310.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................10910.04 Fuel price level .................................................................10010.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................42

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11711.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................8011.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4811.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................2411.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................22

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................8812.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................3712.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................32


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 143

144

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BeninKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................8.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................112.6



Travel & Tourism indicators\


T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ................................................................304...................6.3...................5.3Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................90...................5.1...................4.0


nternational tourist arrivals (1,000), 2004 ..............................174International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2003 ..............106




Policy rules and regulations............................................................................119 3.2Environmental regulation ...................................................................................76 3.8Safety and security .............................................................................................82 4.1Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................113 3.1Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................110 2.8








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200550

100

150

200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 144

145

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BeninT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................3711.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................39


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................3813.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................40


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1151.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1061.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1061.02 Property rights....................................................................971.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................71

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............822.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................782.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................61

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................893.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................88

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1174.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................1034.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................964.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........65

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1175.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................895.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................815.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................64

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network ...................................1206.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1166.04 Airport density ..................................................................1166.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1106.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1086.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................91

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1117.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1017.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................957.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................90

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................1098.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................1088.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1079.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................1059.02 Internet users ...................................................................105

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................11910.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................7410.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................6710.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................63




Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................11711.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................11211.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10811.11 Life expectancy ................................................................10611.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................10211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............9811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9311.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................8911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................81


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................12013.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................77

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 145

146

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BoliviaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................9.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,098.6





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ................................................................750...................7.6...................4.2Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................219...................6.2...................2.9






Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................85 4.1Environmental regulation .................................................................................114 3.0Safety and security ...........................................................................................103 3.6Health and hygiene .............................................................................................98 3.7Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................108 2.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................101 2.7Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................68 2.9Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................121 2.0Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................98 2.2ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................98 1.9Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................49 4.7







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

500

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 146

147

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BoliviaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ......................................................................3

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................2210.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................40

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................4311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................47

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................3113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................40


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1191.02 Property rights..................................................................1151.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1101.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................64

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1232.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1022.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................89

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1203.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................963.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................62

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1174.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................914.02 Physician density................................................................714.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................70

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1225.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1215.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................62

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network ...................................1196.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1086.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................976.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................756.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................61

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1237.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1177.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1127.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................94

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................928.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................788.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................67


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................10710.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................55

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................12211.05 Extent of staff training......................................................11611.04 Local availability of research and training services...........10211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................9811.09 Malaria incidence................................................................9311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................8911.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................54




National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................11712.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................10312.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................82

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................11913.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................10313.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................83

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 147

148

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Bosnia and HerzegovinaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.9Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................51.2












T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................94 2.8Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................117 1.9Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................114 2.1Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................56 3.3ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................61 2.7Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................92 4.1







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

500

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 148

149

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Bosnia and HerzegovinaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................6

Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................384.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................42



Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................49



Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1201.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1141.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................981.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................70

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1212.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1172.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............105

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1173.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................81

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1114.02 Physician density................................................................66

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1185.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1175.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1175.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................105

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1216.06 International air transport network ...................................1186.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1176.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................976.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................736.04 Airport density ....................................................................69

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1207.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1167.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1047.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................90


ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .....................................................................819.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................629.03 Telephone lines...................................................................52

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................11410.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................9210.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................88

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................11411.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................10611.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................10211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................9511.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................7311.04 Local availability of research and training services.............7111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................6311.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................55




National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................11712.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................9012.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................60

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................10913.03 Nationally protected areas................................................10413.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................10413.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 149

150

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BotswanaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.8Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................581.7













T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................85 4.5Human resources ..............................................................................................113 3.5

Education and training.................................................................................77 4.5Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................109 3.6Workforce wellness ...................................................................................117 2.4





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 150

151

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BotswanaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................38


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........334.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................45

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................255.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................49

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ......................................................................76.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................47


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................1610.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................1610.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................49

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................1

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................1913.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................47


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................961.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................681.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................571.02 Property rights....................................................................52

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................762.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............54


Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................964.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................96

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1055.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................78

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1226.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1206.06 International air transport network .....................................926.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................87

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................867.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................717.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................55

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................718.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................668.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................54



Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................12411.11 Life expectancy ................................................................12111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................11611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................11311.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................10411.04 Local availability of research and training services...........10111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................8611.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................7811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................6811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................57

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................9612.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................86

Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................8013.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................56

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 151

152

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BrazilKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..........................................................................186.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................8,514.9




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................25,278...................2.8...................3.0Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,337...................2.7...................1.6















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 152

153

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BrazilT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................36




Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................136.04 Airport density ....................................................................246.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................376.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................50

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................40



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................34

Human resources11.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............3211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................38


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................1113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................42


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................891.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................891.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................811.02 Property rights....................................................................62


Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1113.02 Reliability of police services .............................................107

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........954.02 Physician density................................................................744.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................644.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................60

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................945.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................855.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................68

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................576.06 International air transport network .....................................51

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................967.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................887.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................81



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................12410.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................8510.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................62

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................11411.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11111.09 Malaria incidence................................................................9811.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................8211.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................7511.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................7411.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................64


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................9413.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................6413.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................52

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 153

154

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BulgariaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................7.7Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................111.0




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,320...................4.6...................4.0Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................117...................4.0..................-0.7

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,576.................16.0...................3.9Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................400.................13.6..................-0.7






Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................82 4.2Environmental regulation .................................................................................103 3.2Safety and security ...........................................................................................107 3.5Health and hygiene .............................................................................................27 5.8Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................45 4.1








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 154

155

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BulgariaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................14.02 Physician density................................................................13






Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................1710.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................39

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................44

National tourism perception12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................1312.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................41

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................21


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1131.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1011.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................931.02 Property rights....................................................................91

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1072.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1042.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................90



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................835.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................595.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................58

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .....................................996.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................926.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................786.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................766.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................54

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................977.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................717.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................66


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................9810.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................81

Human resources11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................11311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................9111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................8311.04 Local availability of research and training services.............8011.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................7611.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................53


Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................10513.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................10313.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................81

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 155

156

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Burkina FasoKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................13.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................274.0




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................69...................1.2...................4.4Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................24...................0.9...................2.7








T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................115 2.5Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................119 1.8Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................103 2.4Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................109 1.9ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................110 1.7Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................67 4.5







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 156

157

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Burkina FasoT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................40


Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................35

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................1



Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1201.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1061.02 Property rights....................................................................68


Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................663.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................653.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................55

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1154.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................1104.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................107

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1175.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................915.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................72

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network ...................................1176.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1156.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1116.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1096.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1056.04 Airport density ..................................................................100

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1117.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1057.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................977.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................77

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................1038.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................8610.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................8010.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................57

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................12211.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................11911.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................11511.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................11511.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11111.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................10911.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................10411.04 Local availability of research and training services.............9111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................63




National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................66

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................12013.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................58

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 157

158

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BurundiKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................7.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................27.8

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................0.8Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ...................................739Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................0.9




T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................43...................4.3...................4.6Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................55...................3.4...................2.0


International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................148International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..................2




Policy rules and regulations............................................................................122 2.9Environmental regulation .................................................................................118 2.8Safety and security ...........................................................................................108 3.5Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................111 3.2Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................124 1.8








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

30

60

90

120

150

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 158

159

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

BurundiT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................3

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................34



Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1191.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1071.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1061.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................95

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1182.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1142.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................112

Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1113.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................963.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................90

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1194.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1094.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................1014.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................86

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1235.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1235.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1175.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................109

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network ...................................1236.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1226.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1216.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1166.04 Airport density ..................................................................1146.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................104

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1177.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1167.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1077.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................106

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................113


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................10210.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................9710.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................56




Human resources11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........12311.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................12311.05 Extent of staff training......................................................12211.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................11811.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................11811.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11711.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................11411.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................11311.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................10511.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................60

National tourism perception12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................8012.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................7712.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................72

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................11513.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................73

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 159

160

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

CambodiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................14.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................181.0











Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................93 3.8Environmental regulation ...................................................................................73 3.8Safety and security .............................................................................................98 3.7Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................122 2.2Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................7 5.3

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................103 2.7Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................89 2.5Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................82 2.9Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................122 1.1ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................111 1.7Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................18 5.3







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 160

161

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

CambodiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................75.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................115.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................305.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................35

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................510.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................2810.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................49


National tourism perception12.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................1712.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................32

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................413.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................19


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................961.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................941.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................831.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................761.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................62



Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................1124.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................1094.02 Physician density..............................................................1054.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........76

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1096.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................896.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................806.06 International air transport network .....................................806.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................69

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................977.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................847.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................777.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................69

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1218.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................1048.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................91

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1239.02 Internet users ...................................................................1209.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................94


Human resources11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................12311.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................10811.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................10511.11 Life expectancy ................................................................10411.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................10211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............9511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8911.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................8111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................6811.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................62


Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................10613.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 161

162

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

CameroonKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................16.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................475.4












T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................122 2.4Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................120 1.8Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................113 2.2Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................89 2.3ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................122 1.5Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................100 4.0







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 162

163

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

CameroonT&T national competitiveness balance sheet







Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.02 Property rights..................................................................1051.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................921.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................601.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................58



Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1044.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................984.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........884.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................86

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1155.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1145.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1055.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................94

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1226.06 International air transport network ...................................1166.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1026.04 Airport density ....................................................................956.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................916.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................81

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1217.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1147.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1037.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................87

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................1078.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................92


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................11310.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................10810.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................75

Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................11511.05 Extent of staff training......................................................11211.11 Life expectancy ................................................................10811.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................10711.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................10311.04 Local availability of research and training services.............9711.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................9311.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................8811.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................55





Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................12013.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................11013.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................81

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 163

164

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

CanadaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................32.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................9,984.7

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ..........................................1,132.4Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................34,273Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................2.9




T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .........................................................131,829.................11.1...................3.3Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,942.................11.9...................1.0





2007 Index........................................................................................................7 5.3T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................15 5.3


T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................4 5.2Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................2 5.7Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................13 5.7Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................16 5.3ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................4 5.8Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................110 3.7







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20055,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 164

165

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

CanadaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..............................................................4

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines................................................86.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................96.04 Airport density ......................................................................9


ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................79.01 Extent of business Internet use...........................................99.02 Internet users .......................................................................9

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................511.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................8




Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................501.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................281.02 Property rights....................................................................20





Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................316.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................176.06 International air transport network .....................................13

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................167.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................167.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................147.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................13


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................11710.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................10010.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................6610.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................63

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................9811.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................6211.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................4411.05 Extent of staff training........................................................2411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................1411.04 Local availability of research and training services.............13


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................4913.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................4113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................1513.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................15

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 165

166

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ChadKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................9.7Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,284.0




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................33...................0.6...................8.3Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................8...................0.5...................4.1



International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ...............................29International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2002 ................25




Policy rules and regulations............................................................................123 2.8Environmental regulation .................................................................................123 2.6Safety and security ...........................................................................................120 3.0Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................123 1.8Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................117 2.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................124 1.8Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................124 1.5Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................124 1.6Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................117 1.4ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................124 1.3Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................123 3.1


Education and training...............................................................................123 2.3Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................105 3.7Workforce wellness ...................................................................................111 3.0





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 166

167

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ChadT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................113.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................48


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1231.02 Property rights..................................................................1221.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1001.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................67

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1242.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1212.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................108

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1193.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1183.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................100

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1174.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1154.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................1124.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................111

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1195.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1175.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................116

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1246.06 International air transport network ...................................1246.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1216.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1186.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1106.04 Airport density ....................................................................73

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1247.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1227.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1197.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................106

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1138.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................112


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................12310.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................11110.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................97




Human resources11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................12311.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................12111.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................12011.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................11711.04 Local availability of research and training services...........11611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................11511.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11411.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................11311.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................11111.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................11011.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................83

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................11612.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................93

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................12113.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................12013.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................107

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 167

168

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ChileKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................16.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................756.6











Policy rules and regulations................................................................................7 5.7Environmental regulation ...................................................................................36 4.6Safety and security .............................................................................................30 5.2Health and hygiene .............................................................................................51 5.0Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................73 3.6








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 168

169

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ChileT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................81.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................111.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................121.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.02 Property rights....................................................................30


Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................203.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................31


Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .....................................166.04 Airport density ....................................................................216.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................296.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................386.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................42

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................237.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................267.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................31



Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................2511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................2911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................2911.04 Local availability of research and training services.............3111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................34

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................1713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................23



Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................55

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................774.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........534.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................454.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................45

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................935.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................775.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................48





Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................10210.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................7310.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................56

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................7611.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................6211.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................6211.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................53


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................6613.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................48

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 169

170

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ChinaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005.......................................................................1,304.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................9,598.1

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ..........................................2,234.1Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................7,198Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................10.2



T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................63,424...................2.9...................8.7Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................17,383...................2.3...................1.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .........................................................301,154.................13.7...................8.5Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................77,600.................10.2...................1.5














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 170

171

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ChinaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..............................................................45.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................445.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................49

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................26.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................12

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................337.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................45

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................1510.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................2110.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................2710.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................46

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............4611.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................50

Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................3


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1051.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................941.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................871.02 Property rights....................................................................82

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................972.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................812.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............76

Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1043.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................703.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................64

Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................944.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................894.02 Physician density................................................................79


Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1216.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................896.06 International air transport network .....................................896.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................84

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................647.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................55

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1028.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................878.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................85


Human resources11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................9211.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................8711.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................8311.05 Extent of staff training........................................................7611.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................7311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................53

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................12212.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................11212.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................78

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................10413.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................9113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................8513.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................56

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 171

172

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ColombiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................45.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,138.9







International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................933International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........1,218




Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................41 5.0Environmental regulation ...................................................................................58 4.1Safety and security ...........................................................................................105 3.5Health and hygiene .............................................................................................55 4.9Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................98 3.1








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 172

173

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ColombiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................11.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................40


Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................216.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................436.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................456.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................506.06 International air transport network .....................................50


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................4911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................49

Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................4013.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................44


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................671.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................651.02 Property rights....................................................................58

Environmental regulationF2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................742.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............59

Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1223.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1013.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................53

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........664.02 Physician density................................................................644.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................534.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................52

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................905.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................905.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................785.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................67


Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1077.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................877.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................827.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................62



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................11310.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................109

Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence................................................................9911.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................8211.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................7911.04 Local availability of research and training services.............7011.05 Extent of staff training........................................................6711.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................6211.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................5811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................56


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................9713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................6613.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................64

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 173

174

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Costa RicaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................51.1





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,227.................16.7...................4.8Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................268.................16.4...................3.4














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005500

1,000

1,500

2,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 174

175

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Costa RicaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................91.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................27



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................225.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................355.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................38

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................116.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................38

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................32



Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................2811.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................2911.05 Extent of staff training........................................................3111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................4011.04 Local availability of research and training services.............40

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................1712.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................30

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................1213.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................2813.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................35


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................591.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................45




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................52

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................746.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................686.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................656.06 International air transport network .....................................46

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1087.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1057.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1027.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................61



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................8410.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................5210.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................47

Human resources11.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................8011.09 Malaria incidence................................................................8011.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................7811.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................4411.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................42



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 175

176

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

CroatiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................56.5




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,613...................9.2...................8.2Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................121.................10.6...................4.5















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 176

177

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

CroatiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................355.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................375.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................37

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................37

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................98.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................22


Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............34




Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................941.02 Property rights....................................................................811.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................741.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................45





Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................886.06 International air transport network .....................................866.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................726.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................706.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................496.04 Airport density ....................................................................39

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................727.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................517.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................43


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................10810.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................8510.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................8410.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................40

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................10911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................8911.05 Extent of staff training........................................................6111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................5711.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................5711.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................5411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................5311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................39

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................6513.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................5813.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................5113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................40

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 177

178

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

CyprusKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.8Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................9.3




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,844.................10.7...................4.6Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................57.................15.0...................0.9







Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................49 4.9Environmental regulation ...................................................................................53 4.3Safety and security .............................................................................................34 5.2Health and hygiene .............................................................................................36 5.7Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................4 5.5

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................23 4.5Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................34 3.8Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................51 3.8Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................5 6.1ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................31 4.3Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................72 4.5







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 178

179

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

CyprusT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................35.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................105.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................18

Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................19

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................18.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................18



Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................611.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................15

National tourism perception12.01 Tourism openness ................................................................212.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................16



Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1111.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................801.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................571.02 Property rights....................................................................29





Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................626.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................526.06 International air transport network .....................................486.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................386.04 Airport density ....................................................................26

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1247.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................757.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................327.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................22


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................9810.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................8810.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................22

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................9611.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................9411.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................9311.05 Extent of staff training........................................................7011.04 Local availability of research and training services.............6511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................3211.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................26


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................6013.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................4713.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................40

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 179

180

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Czech RepublicKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................10.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................78.9












T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................37 4.1Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................48 3.4Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................38 4.3Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................23 4.5ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................26 4.5Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................101 4.0







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20052,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 180

181

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Czech RepublicT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................61.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................101.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................31





Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................306.06 International air transport network .....................................33

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................227.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................27



Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............2011.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................2511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................2911.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................3011.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................30

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................1913.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................2413.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................25


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................641.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43





Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................536.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................486.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................456.04 Airport density ....................................................................45

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................677.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................50



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................10010.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................8910.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................8010.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................67

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................10211.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................3911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................36

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................10812.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................5012.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................48


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 181

182

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

DenmarkKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................43.1




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................8,151...................3.0...................1.5Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................83...................3.0 .................–0.9

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................21,476...................8.0...................1.4Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................223...................8.1 .................–1.1





2007 Index......................................................................................................11 5.3T&T regulatory framework ................................................................................8 5.5



T&T human, cultural, and natural resources .................................................9 5.6Human resources ..................................................................................................4 6.1

Education and training...................................................................................3 6.2Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................15 5.2Workforce wellness .....................................................................................22 6.8





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 182

183

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

DenmarkT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................12.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................2

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services .................................................33.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................5

Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................14.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........10

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .......................................86.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................9

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................57.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................67.04 Domestic transport network ................................................77.02 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................8

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................69.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................10

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.05 Extent of staff training..........................................................211.03 Quality of the educational system .......................................511.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................8

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................313.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................8


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................181.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................171.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................15




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................905.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................735.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................665.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................41

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................336.04 Airport density ....................................................................336.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................196.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................14


ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .....................................................................17

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................11910.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................11710.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................11610.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................68

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................5211.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4811.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................2411.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................1211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............11

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................11412.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................5212.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................31

Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................5513.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................12

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 183

184

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Dominican RepublicKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................8.9Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................48.7



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 184

185

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Dominican RepublicT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................41.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................291.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................291.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43


Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................49

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................15.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................325.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................455.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .....................................296.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................346.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................446.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................48



Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................1011.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................10

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................812.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................1212.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................42

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................2



Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............742.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................702.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................66


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1234.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................784.02 Physician density................................................................57

Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1146.04 Airport density ....................................................................86




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................12210.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................9210.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................55

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................11711.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................9011.04 Local availability of research and training services.............8911.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................8711.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................8311.09 Malaria incidence................................................................7811.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................76

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................9013.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................8813.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 185

186

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

EcuadorKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................13.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................283.6














Education and training...............................................................................101 4.0Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................113 3.5Workforce wellness .....................................................................................78 6.0





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005200

400

600

800

1,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 186

187

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

EcuadorT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................11.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................33

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................485.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................49




Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................21


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1161.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1121.02 Property rights..................................................................110

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1112.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1092.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................93

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1103.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1103.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................58

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1244.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................674.02 Physician density................................................................624.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................62

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1135.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................103

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .....................................846.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................716.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................716.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................696.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................60




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................9110.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................8110.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................72

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................11911.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................10511.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................10511.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10411.09 Malaria incidence................................................................9611.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................9311.04 Local availability of research and training services.............9011.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................8711.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................6211.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................53




National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................9212.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................6412.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................60

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................9813.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................9613.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................7413.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................55

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 187

188

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

EgyptKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................74.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,001.5




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................8,374...................7.9...................5.0Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,313...................6.7...................1.8















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20052,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 188

189

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

EgyptT&T national competitiveness balance sheet






Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..............................................................45.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................195.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................305.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................36

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................266.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................35


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................210.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................2810.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................3010.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................36

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................2711.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................43




Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................961.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................851.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................641.02 Property rights....................................................................57


Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................102

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................914.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................664.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........59

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1116.06 International air transport network .....................................686.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................56


Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................878.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................708.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66


Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................10411.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................9711.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8311.04 Local availability of research and training services.............7911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................7911.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................60


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................10013.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................78

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 189

190

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

El SalvadorKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................6.9Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................21.0











Policy rules and regulations................................................................................9 5.6Environmental regulation ...................................................................................63 4.0Safety and security ...........................................................................................118 3.1Health and hygiene .............................................................................................73 4.3Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................100 3.1








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 190

191

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

El SalvadorT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................11.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................271.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................256.06 International air transport network .....................................306.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................376.04 Airport density ....................................................................46


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................110.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................2610.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................45

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................911.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................21



Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................671.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................52


Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1223.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1093.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................80

Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................784.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................724.02 Physician density................................................................704.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........69

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1055.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................765.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................735.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................69

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1066.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................74

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1147.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................707.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................57


ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................719.02 Internet users .....................................................................689.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................53

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................119

Human resources11.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................9411.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................8211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............7411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................6611.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................6611.05 Extent of staff training........................................................6311.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................61


Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas................................................10513.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................8313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................64

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 191

192

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

EstoniaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................45.2



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 192

193

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

EstoniaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................91.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................261.02 Property rights....................................................................27

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..................................................................2





ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use...........................................39.02 Internet users .....................................................................16


Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............2611.05 Extent of staff training........................................................27


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................27


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1171.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................452.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................362.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............28

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................383.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................333.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................33


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................565.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................485.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................42

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1036.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................886.06 International air transport network .....................................536.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................446.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................41

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................567.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................367.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................33



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................8610.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................7410.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................32

Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9011.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................7911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................7711.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................5311.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................5011.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................4811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................3111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................29


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................10113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................7313.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................37

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 193

194

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

EthiopiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................71.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,104.3

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................11.2Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ...................................823Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................8.7




T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,029.................10.7...................4.8Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,570...................8.3...................2.4







T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................110 2.6Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................94 2.4Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................118 2.1Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................118 1.4ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................119 1.6Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................13 5.4







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 194

195

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

EthiopiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................610.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................2610.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................29




Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1151.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1061.02 Property rights....................................................................991.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................871.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................55

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1182.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1162.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................105

Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................613.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................603.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................57


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1065.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................995.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................78

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1116.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................956.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................946.06 International air transport network .....................................756.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................716.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................64

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1207.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1117.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1107.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................99

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................1158.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................113

ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users ...................................................................1229.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1149.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................112


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................11911.05 Extent of staff training......................................................11911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................11111.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................11011.04 Local availability of research and training services...........11011.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................11011.11 Life expectancy ................................................................10811.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................10311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................9711.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9511.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................74




National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................10112.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................87

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................11813.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................71

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 195

196

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

FinlandKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................338.2




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,385...................3.2...................2.5Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................78...................3.2...................0.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................18,307...................9.1...................2.8Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................234...................9.7...................0.9






Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................15 5.5Environmental regulation .....................................................................................5 6.0Safety and security ...............................................................................................1 6.5Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................6 6.3Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................65 3.8


T&T human, cultural, and natural resources ...............................................33 5.2Human resources ..................................................................................................8 5.9






1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 196

197

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

FinlandT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights......................................................................81.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................111.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................14

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................52.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................62.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................11

Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................13.02 Reliability of police services .................................................13.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................2

Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................14.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........2

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .......................................96.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................106.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................13

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................77.04 Domestic transport network ................................................97.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................10

ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .......................................................................79.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................15

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .......................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.04 Local availability of research and training services...............611.05 Extent of staff training..........................................................811.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................1511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................1511.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................15

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................113.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................1




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1005.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................685.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................625.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................23

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................546.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................456.04 Airport density ....................................................................19




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................11210.04 Fuel price level .................................................................11110.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................10010.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................47

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................9111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25


Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................4713.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................4013.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................24

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 197

198

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

FranceKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................60.7Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................551.5












T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................5 5.1Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................4 5.5Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................4 6.4Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................15 5.4ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................21 4.8Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................118 3.3







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 198

199

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

FranceT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines................................................36.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................56.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................66.06 International air transport network .......................................7

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................27.02 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................37.04 Domestic transport network ................................................47.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................10


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................8

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................513.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................6


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................691.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................561.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................551.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.02 Property rights....................................................................18




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................595.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................365.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................28




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................11510.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................11010.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................8710.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................76

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................12211.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................7011.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................6911.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................2711.05 Extent of staff training........................................................2211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................2111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............12



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 199

200

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GambiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................11.3





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................75.................14.6...................3.8Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................77.................11.7...................2.6














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

30

60

90

120

150

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 200

201

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GambiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................95.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................95.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................21

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................410.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................44

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................2911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................45



Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................921.02 Property rights....................................................................791.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................72



Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1104.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................824.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................784.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........57


Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1236.04 Airport density ..................................................................1186.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1176.06 International air transport network .....................................986.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................78

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1137.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1027.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................757.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................51

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1028.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................101

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1029.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................1009.02 Internet users .....................................................................93

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................12010.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................68

Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................11811.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................11711.04 Local availability of research and training services...........11211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................10211.11 Life expectancy ................................................................10211.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................10111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9311.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................55

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................107

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................9513.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................7313.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................6913.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................60

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 201

202

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GeorgiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................69.7












T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................98 2.8Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................106 2.2Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................76 3.1Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................106 1.9ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................87 2.1Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................58 4.6







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

500

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 202

203

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GeorgiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................435.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................48


Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................311.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................1611.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................45



Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1101.02 Property rights..................................................................1021.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................991.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................94



Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................914.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........834.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................54


Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1066.06 International air transport network .....................................966.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................956.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................936.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................776.04 Airport density ....................................................................64

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1127.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................807.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................707.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................52



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................9410.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................6110.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................51

Human resources11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........10711.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................10411.05 Extent of staff training........................................................9511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9411.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................7011.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................67

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................11213.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................9513.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................8013.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 203

204

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GermanyKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................82.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................357.0





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .........................................................267,739...................9.3...................2.8Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,960.................10.1...................1.5






Policy rules and regulations................................................................................6 5.7Environmental regulation .....................................................................................3 6.1Safety and security ...............................................................................................2 6.3Health and hygiene .............................................................................................11 6.2Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................56 3.9

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................3 5.2Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................6 5.4Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................1 6.6Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................18 5.3ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................13 5.3Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................112 3.6







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200510,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 204

205

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GermanyT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights......................................................................11.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................7

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................12.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................3




Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .......................................16.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................26.05 Number of operating airlines................................................46.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................5

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ................................................17.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................47.02 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................47.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................4


ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................49.01 Extent of business Internet use...........................................6

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.04 Local availability of research and training services...............111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.05 Extent of staff training..........................................................7

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................413.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................413.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................5


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................191.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................15




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1115.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................825.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................64





Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................5811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................3311.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................1511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................14



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 205

206

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GreeceKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................11.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................132.0



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20053,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 206

207

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GreeceT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................14.02 Physician density..................................................................3

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..............................................................45.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................18

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................48.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................20


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................9

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................15




Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................891.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................611.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................501.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.02 Property rights....................................................................37


Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................343.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................24


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................495.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................32

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................596.06 International air transport network .....................................406.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................366.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................316.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................276.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................24



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................11310.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................9410.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................76

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................10811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................6011.04 Local availability of research and training services.............5911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................5711.05 Extent of staff training........................................................5211.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4811.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................3811.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................31

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................9013.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................4813.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................43

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 207

208

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GuatemalaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................12.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................108.9



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 208

209

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GuatemalaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................31.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43










Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................731.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................701.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................62


Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1213.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1143.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................86

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........984.02 Physician density................................................................814.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................74

Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................886.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................776.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................776.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................666.06 International air transport network .....................................58



ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................839.02 Internet users .....................................................................80

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................11210.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................6810.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................55

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................11111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................9811.09 Malaria incidence................................................................9711.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9011.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................7911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................7511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................7311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................6411.04 Local availability of research and training services.............55

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................9612.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................58

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................8313.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................6013.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................59

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 209

210

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GuyanaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.8Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................215.0

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 .................................................0.8Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ................................4,612Real GDP growth (percent), 2005..................................................................-3.0









2007 Index....................................................................................................100 3.6T&T regulatory framework ..............................................................................96 3.7









1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

30

60

90

120

150

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 210

211

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

GuyanaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................235.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................48







Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1121.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1011.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................981.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................92



Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................944.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........844.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................744.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................65

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................745.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................51

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1176.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1146.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1056.06 International air transport network ...................................1036.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................94


Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................1158.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................858.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55

ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................929.03 Telephone lines...................................................................72

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................12110.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................107

Human resources11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........11311.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................10911.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................10411.05 Extent of staff training........................................................9711.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................9311.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................8511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................77





Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................10713.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................100

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 211

212

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

HondurasKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................7.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................112.1



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 212

213

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

HondurasT&T national competitiveness balance sheet










Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1041.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................861.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................80



Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1054.02 Physician density................................................................894.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................664.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................62

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................905.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................62

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1026.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................996.06 International air transport network .....................................856.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................77

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1217.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................897.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................74

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................908.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................668.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................63


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................9910.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................6810.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................60

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................11811.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................10111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................9311.09 Malaria incidence................................................................9111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................8911.04 Local availability of research and training services.............8411.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................8311.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................7011.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................5511.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................53





Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................8613.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................8313.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................7313.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................7213.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................68

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 213

214

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Hong Kong SARKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................6.9Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................1.1











Policy rules and regulations................................................................................2 5.8Environmental regulation ...................................................................................24 5.1Safety and security ...............................................................................................6 6.1Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................1 6.6Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................13 5.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................14 4.8Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................12 4.8Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................2 6.5Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................70 2.8ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................16 5.0Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................31 5.0







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20053,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 214

215

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Hong Kong SART&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................31.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................4


Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................83.02 Reliability of police services .................................................9


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................45.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................5

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................36.06 International air transport network .......................................5

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................37.04 Domestic transport network ................................................37.02 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................57.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................6

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................2

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .......................................7



Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................241.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.02 Property rights....................................................................14




Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1186.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................226.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................11

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1028.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................398.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................33


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................9610.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................8710.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................23

Human resources11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................6511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................6411.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................2411.05 Extent of staff training........................................................2111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............1811.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................13


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................3913.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................13

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 215

216

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

HungaryKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................10.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................93.0







International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ........................10,048International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........4,271












1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 216

217

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

HungaryT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................181.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................281.02 Property rights....................................................................32


Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .................................................43.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................34

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........74.02 Physician density................................................................214.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................37



Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................39



Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............3611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................3611.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................37


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................2413.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................38





Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................40


Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................786.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................636.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................596.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................516.06 International air transport network .....................................45

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................807.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................597.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................467.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................42



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................11210.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................7910.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................77

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................9511.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................6911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................6611.05 Extent of staff training........................................................5311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................4911.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................42

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................11812.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................100


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 217

218

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

IcelandKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................103.0




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,043...................6.3...................2.0Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................10...................6.3 .................–0.3







Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................36 5.1Environmental regulation ...................................................................................12 5.6Safety and security ...............................................................................................3 6.2Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................4 6.4Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................16 5.1

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................8 5.0Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................13 4.8Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................29 4.6Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................10 5.8ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................2 6.2Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................108 3.8


Education and training...................................................................................7 6.1Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................6 5.5Workforce wellness .......................................................................................3 7.0





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 218

219

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

IcelandT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............10

Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..................................13.02 Reliability of police services .................................................6

Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................14.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........54.02 Physician density................................................................10

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................55.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................8

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ......................................................................16.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................56.06 International air transport network .....................................10

Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................5

ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .......................................................................19.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................59.01 Extent of business Internet use...........................................8


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .......................................311.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................311.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................6


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................213.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................7


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1061.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................591.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................16

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................172.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................15


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................705.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................38

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1146.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................736.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................13

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................987.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................297.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................147.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................11

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................358.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................16

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................11810.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................10510.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................78

Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4811.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................2111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............1911.05 Extent of staff training........................................................11



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 219

220

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

IndiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005.......................................................................1,094.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................3,287.3




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................16,315...................2.1...................5.1Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................10,680...................2.4 .................–0.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................41,771...................5.3...................6.6Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................24,349...................5.4...................1.0






Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................86 4.1Environmental regulation ...................................................................................41 4.5Safety and security .............................................................................................39 5.0Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................100 3.6Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................48 4.1








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 220

221

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

IndiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................251.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................341.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................39




Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................146.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................156.06 International air transport network .....................................346.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................46



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................710.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................1110.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................21

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................2511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............2811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................2811.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................28


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................7


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1061.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................88


Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................1044.02 Physician density................................................................874.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........724.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................67

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................1085.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................595.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................59

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1216.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................103


Tourism infrastructure8.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................1138.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................918.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66



Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................10011.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................10011.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................9611.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................9611.09 Malaria incidence................................................................9411.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................88


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................10213.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................9913.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................7713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................53

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 221

222

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

IndonesiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..........................................................................220.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,904.6











Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................43 5.0Environmental regulation ...................................................................................81 3.7Safety and security .............................................................................................50 4.8Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................103 3.5Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................6 5.4








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20053,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 222

223

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

IndonesiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................81.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................121.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................301.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................125.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................155.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................235.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................34

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................246.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................33


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................510.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................1010.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................1110.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................24

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................1411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................2311.04 Local availability of research and training services.............2411.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................40

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................5




Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1012.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............702.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................65


Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1084.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1004.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................874.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................84

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................956.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................836.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................736.06 International air transport network .....................................64

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1107.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................977.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................747.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................64



Human resources11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................9611.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................9111.09 Malaria incidence................................................................8911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................8311.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................77


Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................10913.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10113.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................85

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 223

224

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

IrelandKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................70.3



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 224

225

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

IrelandT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................11.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................21.02 Property rights......................................................................91.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................26



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................95.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................135.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................15

Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................4

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................128.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................19

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................199.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................25

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................1010.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................15

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................211.03 Quality of the educational system .......................................611.05 Extent of staff training........................................................1511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................1911.04 Local availability of research and training services.............2311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................2411.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25








Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................496.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................376.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................326.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................306.06 International air transport network .....................................27

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................557.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................547.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................537.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................48


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................11610.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................113




TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 225

226

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

IsraelKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................6.9Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................22.1



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 226

227

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

IsraelT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................231.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................251.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................30

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............272.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................27

Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................14.02 Physician density..................................................................84.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........29

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .....................................126.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................26

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................197.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................267.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................307.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................31


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................811.04 Local availability of research and training services.............1011.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................1611.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................2211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................2311.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................25





Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................855.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................545.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................355.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................35

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................536.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................406.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................366.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................32


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................8910.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................7310.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................6010.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................58

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................9511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................4611.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................35


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................5813.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................4813.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................32

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 227

228

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ItalyKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................57.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................301.3



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 228

229

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ItalyT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................14.02 Physician density..................................................................54.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........32


Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines................................................56.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................12

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................108.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................11



Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................311.10 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................911.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................2411.04 Local availability of research and training services.............27


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................113.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................15


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1031.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1011.02 Property rights....................................................................431.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1062.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............40


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................935.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................925.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................54

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1016.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................676.06 International air transport network .....................................636.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................36

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................777.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................527.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................497.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................44


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................12010.04 Fuel price level .................................................................11810.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................103

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11411.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................7411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................7211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................6211.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................56



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 229

230

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

JamaicaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.7Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................11.0




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,098.................10.5...................4.7Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................113...................9.5...................4.2







Policy rules and regulations................................................................................3 5.7Environmental regulation ...................................................................................67 3.9Safety and security ...........................................................................................111 3.3Health and hygiene .............................................................................................67 4.6Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................10 5.2








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 230

231

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

JamaicaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ................................................................11.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................61.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................211.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................43


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................25.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................105.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................15

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .....................................256.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................306.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................336.04 Airport density ....................................................................44





Human resources11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................1711.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................33









Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1097.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................537.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................52

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................748.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................66

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines...................................................................689.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................52

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................9510.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................9510.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................91

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................10311.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9311.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................6811.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................5611.04 Local availability of research and training services.............5611.05 Extent of staff training........................................................5411.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................5311.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................51


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................8913.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................52

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 231

232

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

JapanKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..........................................................................128.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................377.9




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .........................................................168,501...................3.5...................2.2Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,684...................4.2...................1.3

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .........................................................446,530...................9.4...................2.4Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................6,940.................10.9...................1.5














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 232

233

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

JapanT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................151.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................19

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................92.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................12




Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................46.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................86.06 International air transport network .....................................116.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................15

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................27.04 Domestic transport network ................................................67.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................87.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................8



Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.04 Local availability of research and training services...............111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................111.05 Extent of staff training..........................................................311.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................19

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................1413.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................1413.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................15


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................821.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................771.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43





Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1106.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................43


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................11110.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................8810.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................6110.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................49

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................7611.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................7011.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................45

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................10612.01 Tourism openness ............................................................10312.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................82


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 233

234

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

JordanKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................88.8



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 234

235

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

JordanT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................201.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................261.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................36



Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........304.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................42

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................75.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................22

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .....................................32

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................337.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................42


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................710.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................24

Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................44






Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................584.02 Physician density................................................................50

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................485.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................916.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................646.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................636.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................556.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................48

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................757.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................49



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................5710.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................50

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................9211.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................9011.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................8311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................6611.04 Local availability of research and training services.............6211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................6011.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................59


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................9613.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................9213.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................7313.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 235

236

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

KazakhstanKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................15.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................2,724.9











Policy rules and regulations............................................................................106 3.5Environmental regulation ...................................................................................80 3.7Safety and security .............................................................................................76 4.1Health and hygiene .............................................................................................45 5.3Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................97 3.2








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 236

237

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

KazakhstanT&T national competitiveness balance sheet






Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................711.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................3011.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................50



Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1001.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................941.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................881.02 Property rights....................................................................851.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................85





Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................876.06 International air transport network .....................................836.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................726.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................676.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................66

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................987.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................907.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................59



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................7710.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................53

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................11111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................9911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................8311.05 Extent of staff training........................................................7911.04 Local availability of research and training services.............67


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................11713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................9413.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................7613.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 237

238

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

KenyaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................34.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................580.4











Policy rules and regulations............................................................................116 3.3Environmental regulation ...................................................................................60 4.1Safety and security ...........................................................................................116 3.1Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................106 3.3Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................19 5.0



Education and training.................................................................................74 4.5Availability of qualified labor ......................................................................56 4.4Workforce wellness ...................................................................................106 3.6





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 238

239

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

KenyaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................185.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................235.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................265.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................35



Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................3011.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................3711.04 Local availability of research and training services.............49



Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1081.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................901.02 Property rights....................................................................831.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................60


Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1173.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1143.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................90

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1074.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................994.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................864.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........71

Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................816.04 Airport density ....................................................................636.06 International air transport network .....................................596.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................536.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................51

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1017.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................787.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................747.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................73


ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1089.02 Internet users .....................................................................879.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................69

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................10610.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................10010.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................69

Human resources11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................12411.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................11411.11 Life expectancy ................................................................10711.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................10111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................9911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................8811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................56


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................7213.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................6013.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................5713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................53

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 239

240

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Korea, Rep.Key indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................48.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................99.3












T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................24 4.5Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................24 4.1Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................19 5.3Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................68 2.9ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................3 5.8Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................84 4.2







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20053,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 240

241

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Korea, Rep.T&T national competitiveness balance sheet







Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................196.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................326.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................336.06 International air transport network .....................................37



ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use...........................................19.02 Internet users .......................................................................49.03 Telephone lines...................................................................14


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................1811.04 Local availability of research and training services.............2911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................2911.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................38



Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................951.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................93




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................885.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................735.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................73



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................9010.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................8810.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................72

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................11811.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................7711.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................6611.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................49

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................12012.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................11112.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................81


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 241

242

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

KuwaitKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................17.8





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................4,999...................7.3...................3.7Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................87...................7.3...................5.2














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200550

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 242

243

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

KuwaitT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................356.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................436.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................47

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................277.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................417.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................47



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................110.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................410.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................10

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................2911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................3711.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................4111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................46




Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1241.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1221.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1191.02 Property rights....................................................................54

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1112.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................812.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............73



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1195.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1165.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................1035.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................90

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................916.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................546.06 International air transport network .....................................54




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................122

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................10111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................6211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............5311.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................51

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................12412.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................121

Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.03 Nationally protected areas................................................10013.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................8213.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................67

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 243

244

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Kyrgyz RepublicKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................199.9











Policy rules and regulations............................................................................120 3.1Environmental regulation .................................................................................106 3.2Safety and security ...........................................................................................115 3.1Health and hygiene .............................................................................................74 4.3Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................89 3.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................104 2.7Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................107 2.2Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................104 2.4Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................95 2.2ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................99 1.9Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................40 4.8







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 244

245

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Kyrgyz RepublicT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................911.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25




Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1181.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1181.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1121.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1111.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................94

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1142.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1002.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............94

Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1213.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1063.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................103

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1134.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................914.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................76


Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network ...................................1056.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1046.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................926.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................846.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................75

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1177.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1157.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................747.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................72


ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................1169.03 Telephone lines...................................................................859.02 Internet users .....................................................................84


Human resources11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................12011.04 Local availability of research and training services...........10311.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................9311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................9311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................9011.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................8011.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................7811.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................58





Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................11113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................107

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 245

246

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

LatviaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................64.6

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................15.8Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................12,666Real GDP growth (percent), 2005.................................................................10.2




T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,021...................5.8...................7.4Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................51...................5.0...................0.6














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 246

247

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

LatviaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................48




Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................266.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................416.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................446.06 International air transport network .....................................47

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................297.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................367.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................39



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................3610.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................38

Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................3511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................3611.05 Extent of staff training........................................................4211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............5011.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................50

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................3113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................45


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1061.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................751.02 Property rights....................................................................51




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................965.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................845.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................705.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................64





Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................11311.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................7811.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................6611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................5911.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................52

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................10912.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................7812.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................74


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 247

248

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

LesothoKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.8Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................30.4




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ..................................................................32...................2.1...................2.9Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................7...................1.7..................-0.5

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ................................................................103...................6.7...................2.9Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................24...................5.5..................-0.6






Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................87 4.0Environmental regulation .................................................................................105 3.2Safety and security .............................................................................................94 3.8Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................109 3.2Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................115 2.5








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 248

249

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

LesothoT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................610.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................22

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1221.02 Property rights..................................................................1111.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................791.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................52

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1182.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................962.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............95

Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1023.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................943.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................59

Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1164.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................1004.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........924.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................91

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1055.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1045.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................1035.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................102

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1246.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1246.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1236.06 International air transport network ...................................1216.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................107

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1197.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1087.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1037.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................102

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1028.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................92

ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................1159.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1049.02 Internet users .....................................................................99


Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................12311.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11911.04 Local availability of research and training services...........11711.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................11411.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................11211.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................10511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................9211.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................8511.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................78




National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................11312.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................9212.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................56

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas................................................10813.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................79

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 249

250

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

LithuaniaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................65.3



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 250

251

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

LithuaniaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.02 Property rights....................................................................49









Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................2811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................4311.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................4511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............48

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................4313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................50


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................971.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................841.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................79





Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................936.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................816.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................626.06 International air transport network .....................................606.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................53



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................9810.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................6610.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................6210.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................58

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................9911.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................9611.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................7811.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................5811.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................53



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 251

252

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

LuxembourgKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................2.6




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................1,001...................2.9...................5.6Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................7...................3.9...................3.0

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................3,315...................9.4...................5.0Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................24.................13.4...................2.5


International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 .............................913International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ...........3,616





T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................9 5.0Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................38 3.7Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................21 5.1Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................6 6.1ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................6 5.7Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................56 4.7







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 252

253

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

LuxembourgT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................41.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................10




Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................5

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................1

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................210.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................9

Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................9


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................141.02 Property rights....................................................................12


Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................223.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................193.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................15


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................975.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................735.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................665.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1016.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................976.04 Airport density ....................................................................796.06 International air transport network .....................................396.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................38

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................407.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................347.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................197.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................17

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................358.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................11


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................10510.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................94

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................8211.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................7211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............5111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4811.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................4011.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................3611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................2011.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................1511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................1411.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................11


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................25

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 253

254

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Macedonia, FYRKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................25.7










2007 Index......................................................................................................83 3.8T&T regulatory framework ............................................................................114 3.3


T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................82 3.0Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................108 2.1Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................83 2.9Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................63 3.1ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................76 2.4Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................64 4.6







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 254

255

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Macedonia, FYRT&T national competitiveness balance sheet







Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................4111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................43




Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1151.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1091.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1081.02 Property rights..................................................................107

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1192.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1062.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............96



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1185.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1125.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1055.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................101

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1166.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1096.06 International air transport network ...................................1026.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................946.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................596.04 Airport density ....................................................................52

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1127.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................697.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................697.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................63


ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................1179.02 Internet users .....................................................................73


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................9811.04 Local availability of research and training services.............8711.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................7211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................6911.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................6511.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................5711.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................53


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................10513.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................9113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................59

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 255

256

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MadagascarKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................18.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................587.0











Policy rules and regulations............................................................................117 3.2Environmental regulation ...................................................................................62 4.0Safety and security .............................................................................................93 3.8Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................118 2.7Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................50 4.0








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

250

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 256

257

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MadagascarT&T national competitiveness balance sheet








Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1031.02 Property rights..................................................................1001.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................901.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................73


Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1073.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................833.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................67

Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................1104.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................1024.02 Physician density..............................................................1004.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........86


Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1116.06 International air transport network ...................................1096.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1006.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................876.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................706.04 Airport density ....................................................................64

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1087.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1027.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1017.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................95

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................1128.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................1028.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................55

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1209.02 Internet users ...................................................................1129.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................101


Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................11611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................10311.11 Life expectancy ................................................................10211.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............9911.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9811.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9011.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................79





Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................8413.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................8313.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................7313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................62

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 257

258

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MalawiKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................12.9Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................118.5











Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................73 4.4Environmental regulation ...................................................................................86 3.6Safety and security .............................................................................................81 4.1Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................104 3.3Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................114 2.5








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 258

259

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MalawiT&T national competitiveness balance sheet








Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................891.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................861.02 Property rights....................................................................741.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................59



Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1224.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................974.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................894.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........73

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1175.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................1015.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1015.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................83

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1196.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1136.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1116.06 International air transport network ...................................1086.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................986.04 Airport density ....................................................................87

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1137.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1137.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................847.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................83

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................1068.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1028.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................73

ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users ...................................................................1189.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1119.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................104

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................8610.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................7810.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................52




Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................12111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................11911.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11911.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................11811.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................10911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................10811.04 Local availability of research and training services...........10511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9711.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8611.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................75


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................9213.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 259

260

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MalaysiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................25.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................329.7



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 260

261

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MalaysiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................121.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.02 Property rights....................................................................24

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T......................82.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............232.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................25


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........8

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..............................................................25.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................65.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................8

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................166.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................216.06 International air transport network .....................................246.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................27



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................810.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................910.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................12

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................1011.05 Extent of staff training........................................................1711.04 Local availability of research and training services.............22


Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................22


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................511.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................49








Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................11211.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................8611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................7811.09 Malaria incidence................................................................7711.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................6911.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................5911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................5311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................38


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................9313.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................7313.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................73

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 261

262

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MaliKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................13.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,240.2















National tourism perception................................................................................8 6.2Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................104 3.4




1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

30

60

90

120

150

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 262

263

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MaliT&T national competitiveness balance sheet







Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................3911.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................40


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................3


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................981.02 Property rights....................................................................771.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................701.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................64



Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1124.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................1094.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................91


Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1146.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1126.06 International air transport network ...................................1056.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................986.04 Airport density ....................................................................986.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................75

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1217.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................897.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................897.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................79



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................11610.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................8410.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................82

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................12111.05 Extent of staff training......................................................11711.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................11611.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................11411.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11411.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................11211.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................10911.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................10211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............93




Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................12013.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................8813.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................5713.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................55

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 263

264

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MaltaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................0.3



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 264

265

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MaltaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................14.02 Physician density................................................................24

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................65.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................215.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................23


Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................2

ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .......................................................................39.03 Telephone lines...................................................................17

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................711.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................15



Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................851.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................701.02 Property rights....................................................................411.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................351.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................33


Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism ...............................................323.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................30



Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................986.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................976.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................806.06 International air transport network .....................................526.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................40

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................767.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................717.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................517.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................35



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................11810.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................9210.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................8510.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................60

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................9211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............8811.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................8711.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................4411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................28


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................6013.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................5513.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................55

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 265

266

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MauritaniaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,025.5







International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2000 ...............................30International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 1999 ................28





T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................97 2.8Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................111 2.0Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................99 2.5Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................72 2.7ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................96 1.9Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................38 4.9


Education and training...............................................................................117 3.2Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................3 5.6Workforce wellness ...................................................................................105 3.8

National tourism perception................................................................................1 6.6Natural and cultural resources.......................................................................110 3.2




1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200510

15

20

25

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 266

267

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MauritaniaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................22



Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................961.02 Property rights....................................................................931.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................811.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................53

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1042.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................942.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............89


Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1104.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................1044.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................954.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........70


Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1186.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1176.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1136.06 International air transport network .....................................876.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................826.04 Airport density ....................................................................56

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1197.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................997.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................917.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................80

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................102



Human resources11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........12111.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................11511.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................11111.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................11011.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................10911.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................10811.11 Life expectancy ................................................................10111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................7811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................77

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................10813.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................9713.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................9013.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................7313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................63

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 267

268

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MauritiusKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................2.0



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005400

600

800

1,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 268

269

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MauritiusT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................14.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................36

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................15.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................35.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................22





Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................33


Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................36


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................971.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................781.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................691.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43





Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................866.04 Airport density ....................................................................756.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................566.06 International air transport network .....................................42

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................887.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................607.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................43



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................7110.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................4210.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................40

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11511.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................10711.04 Local availability of research and training services.............8511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................7911.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................6511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................6211.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................53



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 269

270

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MexicoKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..........................................................................103.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,958.2



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 270

271

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MexicoT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................211.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................311.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................38



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................235.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................255.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................335.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................39

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................186.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................286.04 Airport density ....................................................................346.06 International air transport network .....................................38




Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................4511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............4711.05 Extent of staff training........................................................4711.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................47


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................44





Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................594.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................584.02 Physician density................................................................53


Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................657.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................647.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................49



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................11410.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................8610.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................74

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................8211.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................7411.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................6711.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................6211.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................54


Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................7413.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................59

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 271

272

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MoldovaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................33.8












T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................100 2.7Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................103 2.2Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................110 2.4Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................88 2.3ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................81 2.3Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................60 4.6







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

30

60

90

120

150

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 272

273

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MoldovaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................3611.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48




Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1181.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1131.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1081.02 Property rights..................................................................1031.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................94



Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........964.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................664.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................53

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1095.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1095.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................105

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1176.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1106.06 International air transport network .....................................956.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................796.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................746.04 Airport density ....................................................................73

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1237.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1187.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................967.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................59




Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................10711.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............9411.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................9011.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................8311.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................6911.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................6811.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................59





Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................11313.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................10213.03 Nationally protected areas................................................10113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 273

274

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MongoliaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,566.5












T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................109 2.6Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................96 2.3Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................109 2.4Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................116 1.5ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................91 2.0Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................52 4.7







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 274

275

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MongoliaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet







Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................12




Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1041.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................941.02 Property rights....................................................................801.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................711.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................66




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1105.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................67

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network ...................................1156.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1126.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1116.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................107

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1187.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1147.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1067.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................63

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1138.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................97

ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................989.03 Telephone lines...................................................................919.02 Internet users .....................................................................74

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................11510.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................61

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................8911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................8911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................8511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8411.04 Local availability of research and training services.............7811.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................52


Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................12313.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................11913.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 275

276

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MoroccoKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................30.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................446.6




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................5,601.................10.1...................4.6Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,036...................8.8...................3.3















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:49 AM Page 276

277

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MoroccoT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................47









Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................4111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................49




Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................601.02 Property rights....................................................................561.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................54



Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................934.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................834.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................74

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1036.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................676.06 International air transport network .....................................666.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................65



ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................1099.03 Telephone lines...................................................................969.02 Internet users .....................................................................59

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................6510.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................6310.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................62

Human resources11.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................10011.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................7311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................6611.04 Local availability of research and training services.............58

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas................................................10313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................9713.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................75

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 277

278

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MozambiqueKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................19.8Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................801.6



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

500

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 278

279

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

MozambiqueT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................40





Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.02 Property rights....................................................................861.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................751.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................741.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................64





Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1046.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................966.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................946.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................936.06 International air transport network .....................................936.04 Airport density ....................................................................53

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1177.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1097.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................917.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................84







Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................12211.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................12011.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................12011.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................11811.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................11711.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11711.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................11311.04 Local availability of research and training services...........11111.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................10711.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................10511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................78


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................10113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................52

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 279

280

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NamibiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................824.3





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ................................................................631.................10.7...................5.3Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................63.................10.7...................3.4














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 280

281

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NamibiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet







Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................297.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................357.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................35







Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................582.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................52


Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................1044.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........994.02 Physician density................................................................994.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................83


Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1146.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................906.06 International air transport network .....................................706.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................586.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................51




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................9010.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................58

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................12411.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................12011.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................12011.04 Local availability of research and training services...........11911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................11711.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................10811.11 Life expectancy ................................................................10411.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................9511.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................9311.05 Extent of staff training........................................................64


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................81

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 281

282

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NepalKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................27.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................147.2











Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................91 3.8Environmental regulation ...................................................................................97 3.3Safety and security ...........................................................................................123 2.7Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................116 3.0Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................49 4.0








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 282

283

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NepalT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................305.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................475.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................48

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.......................................................710.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................3410.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................4310.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................45





Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1221.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1171.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1051.02 Property rights....................................................................78


Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1243.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1013.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................89

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1194.03 Access to improved sanitation .........................................1074.02 Physician density..............................................................1034.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................73


Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1046.06 International air transport network ...................................1016.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................986.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................906.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................876.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................84

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1227.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1197.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1007.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................99



Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................12211.05 Extent of staff training......................................................11811.04 Local availability of research and training services...........11411.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................10411.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................10111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................9911.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................9511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................9511.09 Malaria incidence................................................................8111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................74


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................9513.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................9313.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................5513.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................53

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 283

284

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NetherlandsKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................16.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................41.5



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20056,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 284

285

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NetherlandsT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights......................................................................51.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................17

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................82.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............12



Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .......................................36.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................46.05 Number of operating airlines................................................96.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................17

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................27.02 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................67.04 Domestic transport network ................................................87.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................11

ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use...........................................59.02 Internet users .....................................................................10

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.05 Extent of staff training..........................................................611.04 Local availability of research and training services...............711.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................1311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................1511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................18



Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................241.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................19








Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................11510.04 Fuel price level .................................................................11310.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................9310.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................39

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................10611.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................8111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 285

286

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

New ZealandKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................270.5











Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................19 5.4Environmental regulation .....................................................................................8 5.8Safety and security .............................................................................................12 5.7Health and hygiene .............................................................................................23 5.9Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................36 4.4








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 286

287

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

New ZealandT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T......................22.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................9


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................25.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................12




Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................713.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................9


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................401.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................251.02 Property rights....................................................................171.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................14





Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................596.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................286.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................256.06 International air transport network .....................................196.04 Airport density ....................................................................16

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................417.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................377.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................247.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................18



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................10410.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................6310.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................6110.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................23

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................7911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................6811.04 Local availability of research and training services.............2511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................2511.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................2411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................21



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 287

288

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NicaraguaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................130.0












T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................99 2.8Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................73 2.8Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................112 2.2Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................77 2.6ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................103 1.8Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................76 4.4







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100200300400500600700800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 288

289

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NicaraguaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................711.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................3811.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................48




Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1091.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................831.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................76



Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1114.02 Physician density................................................................974.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................814.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................71


Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1096.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1076.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1026.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................816.06 International air transport network .....................................79

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1227.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1157.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1007.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................92


ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users ...................................................................1019.03 Telephone lines...................................................................999.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................96

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................11010.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................11010.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................56

Human resources11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10511.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................10311.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................9211.09 Malaria incidence................................................................9011.04 Local availability of research and training services.............8111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................7811.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................66





Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................10813.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................8313.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................78

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 289

290

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NigeriaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..........................................................................131.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................923.8











Policy rules and regulations............................................................................109 3.5Environmental regulation ...................................................................................78 3.7Safety and security ...........................................................................................117 3.1Health and hygiene ...........................................................................................108 3.2Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................101 3.1








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 290

291

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NigeriaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................1911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................34


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................911.02 Property rights....................................................................881.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................651.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................54


Safety and security3.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1153.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1153.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................106


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................1125.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................755.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................705.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................63

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1206.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1116.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................946.06 International air transport network .....................................916.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................646.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................57

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................947.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................837.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................827.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................78



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................9610.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................71




Human resources11.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11411.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................11211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................11011.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................10711.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................10611.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................8311.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................7111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................6511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............60


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................9313.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................7713.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................7313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................65

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 291

292

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NorwayKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................323.8





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................22,545...................7.9...................3.0Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................230.................10.1...................0.5














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 292

293

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

NorwayT&T national competitiveness balance sheet






Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................26.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................196.06 International air transport network .....................................22

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................177.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................20



Human resources11.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................411.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................1011.04 Local availability of research and training services.............1511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................17


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................813.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................9


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................681.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................491.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................32




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................705.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................655.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................385.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................24

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................396.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................366.04 Airport density ....................................................................25

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................387.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................24




Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11211.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................8711.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................3211.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................25

National tourism perception12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................12112.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................66


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 293

294

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PakistanKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..........................................................................155.8Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................796.1











Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................98 3.7Environmental regulation ...................................................................................85 3.6Safety and security ...........................................................................................106 3.5Health and hygiene .............................................................................................91 4.0Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................111 2.7








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 294

295

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PakistanT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................40



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................2310.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................2510.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................33

Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................26



Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1001.02 Property rights....................................................................951.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................721.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................661.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................62



Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........854.02 Physician density................................................................854.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................814.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................62

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1065.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1055.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................915.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................90

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1156.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1016.06 International air transport network .....................................716.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................596.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................51

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................657.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................617.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................52


ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users ...................................................................1069.03 Telephone lines.................................................................101


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................11611.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................11111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................10111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................9611.05 Extent of staff training........................................................9111.09 Malaria incidence................................................................8711.04 Local availability of research and training services.............8311.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................7411.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................65




National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................12012.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................11312.01 Tourism openness ............................................................105

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................9513.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................8813.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................79

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 295

296

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PanamaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................75.5



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 296

297

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PanamaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................111.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................371.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.02 Property rights....................................................................44


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................335.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................43

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................136.06 International air transport network .....................................266.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................336.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................42

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................147.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................47




Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................3611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................48







Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........814.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................624.02 Physician density................................................................604.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................58

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................905.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................55






Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................11011.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................10511.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................9911.09 Malaria incidence................................................................9211.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................8811.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................8511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............7311.05 Extent of staff training........................................................58



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 297

298

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ParaguayKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................6.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................406.8












T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................92 2.8Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................66 2.9Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................119 2.0Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................90 2.3ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................109 1.8Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................21 5.2







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 298

299

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ParaguayT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................1910.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................2910.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................37

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................16


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1171.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1161.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1071.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................89



Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1224.02 Physician density................................................................764.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................744.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................58

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1225.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1215.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1206.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1096.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1076.06 International air transport network .....................................976.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................68

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1237.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1207.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1167.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................94




Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................12411.05 Extent of staff training......................................................11411.04 Local availability of research and training services...........10811.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................10211.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................9011.09 Malaria incidence................................................................7511.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................7411.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................7411.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................53





Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................12013.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................9113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................8313.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................51

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 299

300

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PeruKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................28.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,285.2



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 300

301

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PeruT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................71.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................441.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................48


Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................46


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................1911.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................47



Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................106


Safety and security3.03 Business costs of crime and violence..............................1133.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1013.02 Reliability of police services ...............................................95

Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1104.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................814.02 Physician density................................................................734.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................73

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................765.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................69

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................976.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................726.06 International air transport network .....................................656.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................616.04 Airport density ....................................................................51

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1057.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................937.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................857.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................83

Tourism infrastructure8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ................................................808.02 Presence of major car rental companies............................558.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................52


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................11110.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................8210.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................6910.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................58

Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................12311.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................10011.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................9211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................9111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................7411.05 Extent of staff training........................................................6611.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................6611.04 Local availability of research and training services.............63

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................9012.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................8412.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................81




Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10013.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................7013.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................61

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 301

302

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PhilippinesKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................83.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................300.0





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................9,985...................9.1...................5.1Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,336.................10.8...................2.4














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 302

303

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PhilippinesT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................1410.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................1410.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................1610.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................40

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................35







Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................884.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........824.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................704.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................61



Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................927.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................877.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................867.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................86



Human resources11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................10611.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................10411.09 Malaria incidence................................................................8411.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................8211.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................7911.04 Local availability of research and training services.............7511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................6111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................61


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................7613.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................7513.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................73

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 303

304

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PolandKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................38.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................312.7



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 304

305

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PolandT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................121.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15









Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................3411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................3411.04 Local availability of research and training services.............3911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................3911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................3911.05 Extent of staff training........................................................48

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................1513.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................3513.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................40


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1021.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................991.02 Property rights....................................................................92

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T....................972.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................51




Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................896.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................866.06 International air transport network .....................................786.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................63



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................10410.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................7510.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................64

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................10311.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................8811.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................64

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................12412.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................11512.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................89


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 305

306

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PortugalKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................10.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................92.0



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20053,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 306

307

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

PortugalT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................131.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................18







Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................18



Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................461.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.02 Property rights....................................................................33





Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................686.06 International air transport network .....................................356.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................306.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................296.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................24

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................367.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................267.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................25



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................10210.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................9610.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................5610.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................54

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11011.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................6911.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................5811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................5511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................4211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............3811.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................3511.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................24



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 307

308

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

QatarKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.8Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................11.0




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ................................................................524...................1.4...................5.2Employment (1,000 jobs)...........................................................7...................2.0...................2.8















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 308

309

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

QatarT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................245.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................26

Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................86.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................35


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................410.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................410.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................5

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................2011.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................2311.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................3111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................33



Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................911.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................851.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................521.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................511.02 Property rights....................................................................38





Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................776.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................576.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................446.06 International air transport network .....................................43

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................607.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................497.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................487.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................42




Human resources11.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................6311.04 Local availability of research and training services.............5711.05 Extent of staff training........................................................5711.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................36


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................41

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 309

310

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

RomaniaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................21.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................238.4



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

300

600

900

1,200

1,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 310

311

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

RomaniaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet






Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............44



Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................881.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................811.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................791.02 Property rights....................................................................76

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1152.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............832.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................74


Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................1034.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........974.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................854.02 Physician density................................................................56

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1115.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1075.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................58

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................976.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................906.06 International air transport network .....................................826.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................776.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................686.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................54

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1117.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................837.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................757.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................54



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................10810.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................8410.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................7310.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................64

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................9611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................8611.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................8511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................6311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................5311.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................51






TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 311

312

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Russian FederationKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..........................................................................143.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) .................................................17,098.2











Policy rules and regulations............................................................................124 2.7Environmental regulation .................................................................................113 3.0Safety and security .............................................................................................99 3.7Health and hygiene .............................................................................................31 5.7Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................99 3.1








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 312

313

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Russian FederationT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..................................................................44.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................444.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................50


Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines................................................66.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................166.04 Airport density ....................................................................32





Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................1711.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................44

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ..........................................9


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1231.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1211.02 Property rights..................................................................1141.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1141.04 Visa requirements ............................................................106


Safety and security3.02 Reliability of police services .............................................1053.01 Business costs of terrorism .............................................1033.03 Business costs of crime and violence................................82



Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .....................................746.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................696.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................60

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1037.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................657.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................54



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................9410.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................6010.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................51

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................10911.05 Extent of staff training........................................................9911.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9011.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................8911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................8411.04 Local availability of research and training services.............6911.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................54


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................11513.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................11313.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................53

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 313

314

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Serbia and MontenegroKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................8.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................102.2












T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................80 3.1Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................99 2.3Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................107 2.4Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................54 3.3ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................46 3.3Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................88 4.2







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 314

315

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Serbia and MontenegroT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................494.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................494.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................50




Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................4611.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................4811.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4811.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................49


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................4013.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................42


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1091.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1041.02 Property rights....................................................................891.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................82

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1212.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1172.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................115



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1015.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................985.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network ...................................1126.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1026.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................816.04 Airport density ....................................................................816.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................64

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1137.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1047.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................957.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................91



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................9910.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................9110.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................82

Human resources11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................12111.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................8111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................6111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................5511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............5211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................52


Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................111

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 315

316

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SingaporeKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................0.7





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................13,126.................10.3...................5.5Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................191...................8.3...................3.4






Policy rules and regulations................................................................................1 5.8Environmental regulation .....................................................................................6 5.9Safety and security ...............................................................................................7 6.0Health and hygiene .............................................................................................29 5.8Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................2 5.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................11 5.0Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................10 4.9Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................3 6.5Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................44 3.7ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................18 4.9Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................26 5.1







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20053,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 316

317

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SingaporeT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................11.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................3

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T......................12.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................7


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........14.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................14.04 Access to improved drinking water .....................................1

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................35.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................65.02 T&T government expenditure ..............................................8

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................16.06 International air transport network .......................................26.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................10

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................17.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................17.04 Domestic transport network ................................................57.02 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................9


Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .......................................211.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................211.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................611.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................8


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................281.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................151.02 Property rights....................................................................11





Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1016.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................226.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................18




Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................10911.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4811.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................4611.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................3111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............1711.05 Extent of staff training........................................................12


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................8113.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................6113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................26

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 317

318

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Slovak RepublicKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................5.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................49.0











Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................24 5.3Environmental regulation ...................................................................................38 4.6Safety and security .............................................................................................24 5.4Health and hygiene .............................................................................................18 6.0Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................104 3.1








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 318

319

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Slovak RepublicT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................21.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................51.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................15






ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .....................................................................279.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................35


Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..................................................411.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................1511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................33




Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................751.02 Property rights....................................................................45




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1085.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................995.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................855.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................48

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1046.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1006.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................976.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................836.06 International air transport network .....................................776.04 Airport density ....................................................................66

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................737.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................577.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................57



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................10910.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................7710.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................67

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................8511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................4911.04 Local availability of research and training services.............4511.05 Extent of staff training........................................................4511.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................4511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................42

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................10412.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................54


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 319

320

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SloveniaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................2.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................20.3



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005500

1,000

1,500

2,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 320

321

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SloveniaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet








Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................407.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................41

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................78.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................35


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................2311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................2911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................3011.05 Extent of staff training........................................................3211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............37




Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1151.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1091.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1051.02 Property rights....................................................................50





Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1086.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1036.06 International air transport network .....................................616.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................606.04 Airport density ....................................................................60

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................477.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................44

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................10610.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................10210.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................8810.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................55

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................10911.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................8611.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................52


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................7113.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................44

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 321

322

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

South AfricaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................45.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................1,219.1



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 322

323

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

South AfricaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................221.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................411.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43




Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .....................................176.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................226.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................226.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................286.04 Airport density ....................................................................36

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................347.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................437.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................43




Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................2611.04 Local availability of research and training services.............3011.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................50


Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................2113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................721.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................59


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1014.02 Physician density................................................................844.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................704.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................65

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................111






Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................12111.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................12111.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................12011.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................12011.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................9811.09 Malaria incidence................................................................79


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................9913.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................8213.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................76

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 323

324

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SpainKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................43.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................505.4












T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................7 5.0Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................7 5.2Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................18 5.4Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................2 6.8ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................32 3.9Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................105 3.9







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200520,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 324

325

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SpainT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..............................................................25.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................12

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines................................................76.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................8

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................28.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................8




Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................801.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................461.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................331.02 Property rights....................................................................26









Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11311.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................8211.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................6711.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................4211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................4111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............3511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................32


Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................5113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................3113.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................20

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 325

326

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Sri LankaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................19.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................65.6



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005100

200

300

400

500

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 326

327

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Sri LankaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................46


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................275.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................355.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................37


Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................1




Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................781.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................691.02 Property rights....................................................................63



Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................904.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................874.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........55


Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1166.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................866.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................756.06 International air transport network .....................................676.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................616.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................52

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1057.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................817.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................617.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................56


ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users ...................................................................1039.03 Telephone lines...................................................................939.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................77

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................11510.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................73

Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................10211.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................9811.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................9711.09 Malaria incidence................................................................8511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............8211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................7511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................7011.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................6911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................6911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................66






TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 327

328

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SurinameKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................0.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................163.3











Policy rules and regulations............................................................................107 3.5Environmental regulation .................................................................................122 2.7Safety and security .............................................................................................84 4.1Health and hygiene .............................................................................................71 4.5Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................116 2.4

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................87 2.9Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................81 2.7Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................102 2.5Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................59 3.1ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................82 2.3Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................93 4.1







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

50

100

150

200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 328

329

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SurinameT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ......................................................................46.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................46


Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................46


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1121.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1001.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................971.02 Property rights....................................................................94



Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1074.02 Physician density................................................................954.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................53

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1175.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1035.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................975.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................94

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines............................................1226.06 International air transport network ...................................1226.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1196.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................104

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1107.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1007.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................937.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................88




Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................12111.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................11611.04 Local availability of research and training services...........11511.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10911.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................10511.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9811.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................8311.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................8211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................71





Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................11613.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................11213.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................9613.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................73

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 329

330

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SwedenKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................9.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................450.3











Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................23 5.3Environmental regulation .....................................................................................7 5.9Safety and security .............................................................................................15 5.6Health and hygiene .............................................................................................13 6.2Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................93 3.2

T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................13 4.9Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................11 4.9Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................12 5.7Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................27 4.4ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................1 6.3Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................122 3.1


Education and training...................................................................................8 6.1Availability of qualified labor ....................................................................118 3.3Workforce wellness .......................................................................................1 7.0





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20052,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 330

331

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SwedenT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................91.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................151.02 Property rights....................................................................16

Environmental regulation2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...............................42.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ................6



Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................117.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................127.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................12

ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .......................................................................29.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................29.01 Extent of business Internet use...........................................4

Human resources11.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................211.05 Extent of staff training..........................................................311.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................311.04 Local availability of research and training services...............8

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................313.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................513.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................14


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................721.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................43





Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................346.06 International air transport network .....................................236.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................216.04 Airport density ....................................................................206.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................18



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................12010.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................11710.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................11610.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................33

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................12311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................8711.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................8411.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................2511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................24



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 331

332

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SwitzerlandKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................7.4Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................41.3











Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................21 5.3Environmental regulation .....................................................................................4 6.0Safety and security ...............................................................................................5 6.1Health and hygiene ...............................................................................................8 6.3Prioritization of T&T strategies ...........................................................................8 5.3

T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................2 5.4Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................9 5.0Ground transport infrastructure .........................................................................5 6.4Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................4 6.5ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................9 5.5Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................115 3.5


Education and training...................................................................................1 6.3Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................7 5.5Workforce wellness .......................................................................................6 6.9





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20056,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 332

333

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

SwitzerlandT&T national competitiveness balance sheet






Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population..........................................66.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................10

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ..........................................................17.04 Domestic transport network ................................................27.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................3

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..............................18.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..................................................68.01 Hotel rooms..........................................................................7

ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................39.01 Extent of business Internet use...........................................7

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.05 Extent of staff training..........................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.11 Life expectancy ....................................................................311.03 Quality of the educational system .......................................411.04 Local availability of research and training services...............411.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................411.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................10

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.02 Carbon dioxide damage........................................................213.04 Business concern for ecosystems .......................................613.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................8


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................611.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................231.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................16




Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................315.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................245.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................155.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................15

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................506.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................266.06 International air transport network .....................................156.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................14



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................12110.04 Fuel price level .................................................................12010.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................5910.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................15

Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................6911.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................4311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................26



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 333

334

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Taiwan, ChinaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................22.9Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................36.2



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 334

335

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Taiwan, ChinaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................206.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................23



ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................99.02 Internet users .....................................................................149.01 Extent of business Internet use.........................................18

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................1310.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................20

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .......................................911.05 Extent of staff training........................................................1911.04 Local availability of research and training services.............2111.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................2711.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................27



Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights....................................................................391.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................361.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................35





Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1046.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................996.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................516.06 International air transport network .....................................43

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1138.01 Hotel rooms........................................................................86


Human resources11.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................7511.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................6011.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................35


Natural and cultural resources13.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................37

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 335

336

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

TajikistanKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................6.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................142.6







International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2001 .................................4International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ..................2












1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

1

2

3

4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 336

337

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

TajikistanT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................2010.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................3110.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................46

Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................22



Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1171.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1001.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1001.02 Property rights....................................................................72



Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................1024.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................824.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........55

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..........................................................1175.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................885.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................68

Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1126.06 International air transport network ...................................1116.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1106.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................856.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................726.04 Airport density ....................................................................58

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1157.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1097.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................947.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................55

Tourism infrastructure8.02 Presence of major car rental companies..........................1218.01 Hotel rooms......................................................................1148.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ..............................................100



Human resources11.05 Extent of staff training......................................................11011.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................10711.04 Local availability of research and training services...........10611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................9711.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................9311.09 Malaria incidence................................................................8811.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................8011.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................7111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................69




National tourism perception12.01 Tourism openness ............................................................10612.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................64

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................11413.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................8513.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................7713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................69

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 337

338

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

TanzaniaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................38.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................945.1

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ...............................................12.6Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ...................................723Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................6.8











T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................89 2.9Air transport infrastructure .............................................................................100 2.3Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................68 3.4Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................84 2.4ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................108 1.8Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................63 4.6







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

200

400

600

800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 338

339

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

TanzaniaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet








Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................713.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................2613.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................30


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1061.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ................1021.02 Property rights....................................................................84



Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..............................................................1224.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................954.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................89

Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1066.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................886.04 Airport density ....................................................................876.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................826.06 International air transport network .....................................816.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................77

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................737.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................687.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................687.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................56



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................7710.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................6910.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................5410.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................53

Human resources11.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................12111.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................11611.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11111.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................10811.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................10711.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8711.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................8411.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................5611.04 Local availability of research and training services.............5411.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................51


Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................80

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 339

340

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ThailandKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................64.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................513.1



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20056,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 340

341

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ThailandT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........344.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................36

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..............................................................45.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................115.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................14

Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................116.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................146.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................316.06 International air transport network .....................................41

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................287.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................317.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................377.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................40



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................1110.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................1910.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................2210.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................27

Human resources11.05 Extent of staff training........................................................3011.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................41

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................612.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................2612.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................28



Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1041.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................581.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................58








Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9611.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................9111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................8811.09 Malaria incidence................................................................8611.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................8411.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................7711.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................7511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............6611.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................65

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10213.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................9713.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................4813.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................46

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 341

342

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Trinidad and TobagoKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................1.3Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ..........................................................5.1



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 342

343

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

Trinidad and TobagoT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................381.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................391.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................42

Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation .............................................1




Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................2711.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................4711.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................48



Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1072.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............872.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................86


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1064.02 Physician density................................................................834.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................58


Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................796.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................756.04 Airport density ....................................................................716.06 International air transport network .....................................696.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................61




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................10410.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................93

Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................10611.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................9311.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................7511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............7211.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................6611.05 Extent of staff training........................................................51

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .....................................................9912.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................9912.01 Tourism openness ..............................................................68

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................11613.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................8113.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................71

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 343

344

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

TunisiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................10.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................163.6



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 344

345

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

TunisiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet



Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T......................32.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............172.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................26


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ..........3

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.04 T&T fair attendance..............................................................45.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................105.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................145.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................17



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................1810.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................2110.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................32

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................1111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................3211.04 Local availability of research and training services.............33


Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................2013.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................24


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................571.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................511.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.02 Property rights....................................................................35

Health and hygiene4.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................784.02 Physician density................................................................664.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................56

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................916.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................706.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................626.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................576.06 International air transport network .....................................576.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................49




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................103

Human resources11.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................7211.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................6111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................5311.05 Extent of staff training........................................................3611.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................34


Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas................................................10613.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................73

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 345

346

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

TurkeyKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................72.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................783.6





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................54,220.................13.5...................3.8Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,710...................7.8...................0.3














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 346

347

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

TurkeyT&T national competitiveness balance sheet






Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................166.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................276.06 International air transport network .....................................49





Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence .....................................................................111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................3911.04 Local availability of research and training services.............4111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................49







Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................644.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ........624.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................54

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ..........................................1105.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................735.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................65

Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1046.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................656.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................54

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................767.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................677.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................53



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................10710.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................8310.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................76

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................11111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................8811.09 Malaria incidence................................................................7611.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................7511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................7311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................6711.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................66



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 347

348

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

UgandaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................28.8Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................241.0



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

500

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 348

349

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

UgandaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................171.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................22


Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................415.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ..........................44






Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ............................................................1131.02 Property rights..................................................................1011.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................95





Air transport infrastructure6.03 Departures per 1,000 population......................................1156.04 Airport density ..................................................................1116.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1006.06 International air transport network ...................................1006.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................966.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................88

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1097.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1017.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................887.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................85




Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................12411.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................11911.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................11611.11 Life expectancy ................................................................11011.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................10811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................7411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................6411.04 Local availability of research and training services.............61





Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................10313.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................8213.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 349

350

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

UkraineKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................47.1Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................603.7





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................7,888...................8.3...................4.5Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................1,395...................6.8..................-0.2














1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 350

351

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

UkraineT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density................................................................314.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................364.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................38


Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................316.04 Airport density ....................................................................41





Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................2011.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................4511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................47




Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1201.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1171.02 Property rights..................................................................1131.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................98

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1142.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................1072.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............98



Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.................1145.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1055.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network ...................................1106.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1066.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................806.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................61

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1047.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................767.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................66




Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................10611.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................10111.05 Extent of staff training......................................................10011.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................9511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............8611.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................8311.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................82


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................12013.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................9813.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................8613.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 351

352

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

United Arab EmiratesKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................4.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ........................................................83.6












T&T business environment and infrastructure ............................................19 4.7Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................8 5.0Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................26 4.8Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................24 4.5ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................42 3.5Price competitiveness in T&T industry .............................................................8 5.5







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 352

353

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

United Arab EmiratesT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ............................15.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry.....................45.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................15

Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .......................................66.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................76.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................136.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................15

Ground transport infrastructure7.03 Port infrastructure ................................................................97.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................12


Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges...........................................310.03 Extent and effect of taxation................................................310.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................13

Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................1

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................512.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .........................7



Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................931.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................441.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.02 Property rights....................................................................421.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................37





Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................436.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................20





Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................11511.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................8811.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4711.04 Local availability of research and training services.............4211.05 Extent of staff training........................................................3711.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................3511.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................3211.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................2911.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................2311.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................20

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas................................................10913.01 Number of World Heritage sites ......................................10713.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................8413.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................34

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 353

354

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

United KingdomKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................60.2Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................243.6




T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ...........................................................79,874...................3.5...................1.8Employment (1,000 jobs).......................................................986...................3.2 .................–0.6

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .........................................................212,793...................9.4...................2.4Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................2,661...................8.6 .................–0.1







T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................6 5.1Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................3 5.6Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................16 5.5Tourism infrastructure ........................................................................................19 5.2ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................5 5.7Price competitiveness in T&T industry .........................................................120 3.3







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 200515,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 354

355

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

United KingdomT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.............................................51.02 Property rights......................................................................61.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................7


Air transport infrastructure6.05 Number of operating airlines................................................26.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................36.06 International air transport network .......................................46.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...................................6


ICT infrastructure9.01 Extent of business Internet use...........................................29.02 Internet users .......................................................................8

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.04 Local availability of research and training services...............3









Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................207.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................197.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................167.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................14



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .................................................................12310.02 Purchasing power parity...................................................11410.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................7910.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................25

Human resources11.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................4811.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................3211.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................2911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................1811.05 Extent of staff training........................................................1611.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................1511.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................13



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 355

356

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

United StatesKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..........................................................................296.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ...................................................9,629.1

Gross domestic product (US$ billions), 2005 ........................................12,455.8Gross domestic product (PPP, US$) per capita, 2005 ..............................41,399Real GDP growth (percent), 2005...................................................................3.2



T&T industry, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .........................................................518,336...................3.9...................2.5Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................5,834...................4.1...................0.1

T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ......................................................1,390,791.................10.5...................2.9Employment (1,000 jobs)..................................................15,604.................10.9...................0.5







T&T business environment and infrastructure ..............................................1 5.7Air transport infrastructure .................................................................................1 6.8Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................11 5.8Tourism infrastructure ..........................................................................................3 6.5ICT infrastructure ..................................................................................................7 5.6Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................99 4.1



National tourism perception............................................................................112 4.1Natural and cultural resources...........................................................................3 6.4




1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 356

357

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

United StatesT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ....................8


Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers......................................................16.05 Number of operating airlines................................................16.04 Airport density ......................................................................86.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................10

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure...............................................................7


ICT infrastructure9.02 Internet users .......................................................................69.03 Telephone lines.....................................................................8

Human resources11.09 Malaria incidence..................................................................111.10 Tuberculosis incidence .........................................................311.04 Local availability of research and training services...............511.05 Extent of staff training..........................................................9

Natural and cultural resources13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ..........................................113.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................1013.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................10


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................441.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................431.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................431.02 Property rights....................................................................21





Air transport infrastructure6.06 International air transport network .....................................146.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................11

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................157.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................157.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................11



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................10910.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................9910.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................4310.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................31

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................8611.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................7811.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................4311.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................4111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................2411.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................1511.06 Hiring and firing practices...................................................11


Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................4613.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................17

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 357

358

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

UruguayKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005..............................................................................3.5Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................176.2



















1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 358

359

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

UruguayT&T national competitiveness balance sheet





Health and hygiene4.02 Physician density..................................................................94.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................384.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................41

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................305.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................455.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................48





Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.02 Secondary education enrollment..........................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................2911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................3911.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................40




Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................771.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................551.02 Property rights....................................................................55





Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1016.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................976.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................966.06 International air transport network .....................................906.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................54




Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................9510.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.........................................6610.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................6610.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................59

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................10111.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8011.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................7511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............6411.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................62


Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas................................................10613.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................87

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 359

360

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

VenezuelaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................26.6Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................912.1











Policy rules and regulations..............................................................................90 3.8Environmental regulation .................................................................................108 3.1Safety and security ...........................................................................................122 2.8Health and hygiene .............................................................................................78 4.2Prioritization of T&T strategies .......................................................................112 2.7








1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005200

400

600

800

1,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 360

361

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

VenezuelaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet




Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ....................................................................406.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................456.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................47

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.04 Fuel price level .....................................................................1

Human resources11.01 Primary education enrollment ..............................................111.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................39

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................1


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1231.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1201.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1021.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................84

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1222.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1042.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................73


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1214.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................744.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................664.02 Physician density................................................................55


Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................796.06 International air transport network .....................................72

Ground transport infrastructure7.02 Railroad infrastructure ......................................................1087.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................937.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................907.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................85



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges.......................................10610.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................9210.03 Extent and effect of taxation..............................................71

Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................12411.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................11211.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................10011.09 Malaria incidence................................................................9511.04 Local availability of research and training services.............9211.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................8411.05 Extent of staff training........................................................8211.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................8211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................53




National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists ...................................................12312.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .....................11612.01 Tourism openness ............................................................100

Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................9113.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................8413.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................60

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 361

362

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

VietnamKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................83.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................331.7





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) .............................................................6,254.................10.9...................7.1Employment (1,000 jobs)....................................................3,364...................8.7...................2.5


International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................3,468International tourism receipts (US$ millions).........................N/A




Policy rules and regulations............................................................................104 3.7Environmental regulation ...................................................................................84 3.6Safety and security .............................................................................................51 4.8Health and hygiene .............................................................................................94 4.0Prioritization of T&T strategies .........................................................................76 3.6

T&T business environment and infrastructure ...........................................95 2.8Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................90 2.5Ground transport infrastructure .......................................................................85 2.9Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................121 1.1ICT infrastructure ................................................................................................88 2.1Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................10 5.5







1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20051,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7


TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 362

363

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

VietnamT&T national competitiveness balance sheet










Policy rules and regulations1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1211.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................941.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................841.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ........................731.02 Property rights....................................................................69



Health and hygiene4.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................964.02 Physician density................................................................924.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................83


Air transport infrastructure6.04 Airport density ..................................................................1236.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................926.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................826.06 International air transport network .....................................76

Ground transport infrastructure7.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................917.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................897.04 Domestic transport network ..............................................777.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................70




Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system ...................................10011.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................9411.10 Tuberculosis incidence .......................................................9411.09 Malaria incidence................................................................8311.02 Secondary education enrollment........................................8111.04 Local availability of research and training services.............7611.05 Extent of staff training........................................................7111.08 HIV prevalence ...................................................................6911.11 Life expectancy ..................................................................6611.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................63





Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................9913.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................9813.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................8813.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................79

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 363

364

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ZambiaKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................11.7Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................752.6












T&T business environment and infrastructure ..........................................120 2.4Air transport infrastructure ...............................................................................85 2.6Ground transport infrastructure .....................................................................123 1.9Tourism infrastructure ......................................................................................104 1.9ICT infrastructure ..............................................................................................114 1.7Price competitiveness in T&T industry ...........................................................94 4.1


Education and training...............................................................................116 3.3Availability of qualified labor ........................................................................2 5.8Workforce wellness ...................................................................................123 1.1





1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

100

200

300

400

500

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 364

365

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ZambiaT&T national competitiveness balance sheet


Policy rules and regulations1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ..........................61.01 Foreign ownership restrictions...........................................16






Human resources11.06 Hiring and firing practices.....................................................111.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ................................................12

National tourism perception12.02 Attitude toward tourists .......................................................312.03 Recommendation to extend business trips .......................25

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas....................................................613.02 Carbon dioxide damage......................................................36


Policy rules and regulations1.04 Visa requirements ..............................................................891.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................621.02 Property rights....................................................................61

Environmental regulation2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ............1222.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ...........................119


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1204.02 Physician density..............................................................1094.04 Access to improved drinking water .................................1064.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................91


Air transport infrastructure6.02 Available seat kilometers..................................................1056.03 Departures per 1,000 population........................................916.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................916.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure .................................586.06 International air transport network .....................................56

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1247.03 Port infrastructure ............................................................1107.01 Road infrastructure...........................................................1077.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................93



Price competitiveness in the T&T industry10.03 Extent and effect of taxation............................................12110.04 Fuel price level ...................................................................9410.02 Purchasing power parity.....................................................83

Human resources11.04 Local availability of research and training services...........12411.05 Extent of staff training......................................................12411.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................12211.11 Life expectancy ................................................................12111.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................11911.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................11911.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................11311.01 Primary education enrollment ............................................9011.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................59

Natural and cultural resources13.04 Business concern for ecosystems ...................................12413.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................8713.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ........................................83

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 365

366

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ZimbabweKey indicatorsPopulation (millions), 2005............................................................................13.0Surface area (1,000 square kilometers) ......................................................390.8





T&T economy, 2006 estimatesGDP (US$ millions) ................................................................218...................5.3...................1.9Employment (1,000 jobs).........................................................48...................4.7..................-0.1


International tourist arrivals (1,000), 2005 ..........................1,559International tourism receipts (US$ millions), 2005 ................99












1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7



TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 366

367

2.1:

Cou

ntry

/Eco

nom

y Pr

ofile

s

ZimbabweT&T national competitiveness balance sheet






Human resources11.03 Quality of the educational system .....................................3911.05 Extent of staff training........................................................50

Natural and cultural resources13.03 Nationally protected areas..................................................3613.04 Business concern for ecosystems .....................................4313.01 Number of World Heritage sites ........................................48


Policy rules and regulations1.02 Property rights..................................................................1241.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ......................1241.01 Foreign ownership restrictions.........................................1141.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements ..................91

Environmental regulation2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable T&T..................1032.01 Stringency of environmental regulation .............................792.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations ..............66


Health and hygiene4.01 Gov’t efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics ......1184.02 Physician density..............................................................1054.03 Access to improved sanitation ...........................................784.04 Access to improved drinking water ...................................74

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding ........................1025.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry...................915.02 T&T government expenditure ............................................785.04 T&T fair attendance............................................................70

Air transport infrastructure6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ...............................1156.06 International air transport network ...................................1146.02 Available seat kilometers....................................................956.05 Number of operating airlines..............................................94

Ground transport infrastructure7.04 Domestic transport network ............................................1187.03 Port infrastructure ..............................................................817.01 Road infrastructure.............................................................707.02 Railroad infrastructure ........................................................57


ICT infrastructure9.03 Telephone lines.................................................................1039.01 Extent of business Internet use.......................................1029.02 Internet users .....................................................................77


Human resources11.11 Life expectancy ................................................................12411.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ..............................................12311.08 HIV prevalence .................................................................12211.10 Tuberculosis incidence .....................................................12111.06 Hiring and firing practices.................................................11511.09 Malaria incidence..............................................................11311.04 Local availability of research and training services...........10811.02 Secondary education enrollment......................................10611.01 Primary education enrollment ..........................................102





Natural and cultural resources13.02 Carbon dioxide damage....................................................11013.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ......................................103

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 367

TT.part2a.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 368

2.2Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 369

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 370

371

How

to R

ead

the

Data

Tab

les

The following pages present the data for of all the vari-ables included in the Travel & Tourism CompetitivenessIndex 2007 (TTCI) for all 124 economies covered bythe study.

The tables are organized in 13 sections, which correspond to the 13 pillars of the TTCI.The numberpreceding the title of each variable serves to identify thepillar to which the variable belongs.

Two types of data are used in the TTCI: Surveydata and hard data.

• Survey data: average responses in each economy toquestions included in the World Economic Forum’sExecutive Opinion Survey, conducted in the earlymonths of 2006.

• Hard data: indicators obtained from a variety ofsources.

Survey data

Data yielded from the World Economic Forum’sExecutive Opinion Survey are presented in blue-coloredbar graphs. Questions from the Survey asked forresponses on a scale of 1 to 7, where an answer of 1corresponds to the lowest possible score and an answerof 7 corresponds to the highest possible score. For eachSurvey variable, the original question and the twoextreme answers are shown.

We report the average score for each economy—that is, the arithmetic mean of responses from eacheconomy.Variable 5.01, for example, asks about the government’s prioritization of the T&T industry in the respondent’s economy. On this particular variable,Mauritius with a score of 6.5 ranks first, and thereforeappears at the top, followed by Barbados, second with a score of 6.3.We report responses rounded to one decimal point, but use the exact figures to determinerankings. For example, in the case of variable 1.01 onforeign ownership restrictions, Belgium’s average score is 5.986 and New Zealand’s average score is 5.978.These economies are therefore ranked 13th and 14threspectively, although they are both listed with the same rounded score of 6.0.

A dotted line on the graph indicates the meanscore across the sample of 124 economies.

Standard deviations are shown next to the bars representing each economy’s mean score.The standarddeviation indicates how closely or widely the individualresponses are spread around the mean economy score. Inother words, this provides information on the extent ofagreement or disagreement on the question within thegiven economy.The smaller the standard deviation, thegreater the consensus is among the respondents from aparticular economy. In the case of variable 3.03 on theimpact on business of crime and violence, the standarddeviation of the sample of respondents from Iceland is0.4, reflecting a high degree of consensus.

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY SCORE 1 MEAN: 5.0 7 SD

1 Ireland...........................6.4 0.9

2 Slovak Republic ............6.3 0.8

3 Singapore......................6.3 0.8

4 Hong Kong SAR............6.3 1.2

5 United Kingdom............6.3 0.9

6 Czech Republic .............6.2 0.8

7 Germany .......................6.1 0.7

8 Chile..............................6.1 0.9

9 Sweden ........................6.1 0.7

10 Luxembourg .................6.0 1.0

11 Finland ..........................6.0 1.0

12 Indonesia ......................6.0 1.0

13 Belgium ........................6.0 0.8

14 New Zealand.................6.0 0.9

15 Denmark .......................5.9 0.9

16 Zambia ..........................5.8 0.7

17 Uganda .........................5.8 1.5

18 Hungary ........................5.8 0.9

19 Austria ..........................5.8 0.9

20 Jordan...........................5.8 1.2

21 Jamaica.........................5.8 1.0

22 Australia ........................5.8 1.0

23 Switzerland ...................5.7 1.0

24 Netherlands ..................5.7 1.1

25 Israel .............................5.7 0.9

26 Estonia ..........................5.7 0.9

27 Costa Rica.....................5.7 1.0

28 Canada..........................5.7 0.9

29 Dominican Republic......5.7 1.1

30 Gambia .........................5.6 1.4

31 Mexico..........................5.6 1.2

32 Norway .........................5.5 0.9

33 Spain.............................5.5 0.9

34 Barbados.......................5.5 1.0

35 Malta.............................5.5 1.3

36 Taiwan, China................5.4 1.0

37 Panama.........................5.4 1.4

38 Trinidad and Tobago ......5.4 1.3

39 India ..............................5.4 1.4

40 Tanzania ........................5.4 1.1

41 South Africa ..................5.4 1.3

42 Bangladesh ...................5.4 1.5

43 United States................5.3 1.2

44 Peru ..............................5.3 1.1

45 Burkina Faso .................5.3 1.3

46 Portugal ........................5.3 1.1

47 Morocco .......................5.3 1.5

48 Latvia ............................5.3 1.2

49 Malaysia........................5.3 1.2

50 Azerbaijan .....................5.3 1.4

51 Tunisia...........................5.3 1.5

52 El Salvador ....................5.2 1.3

52 Lesotho.........................5.2 1.6

54 Namibia.........................5.2 1.3

55 Uruguay ........................5.2 1.2

56 France...........................5.2 1.2

57 Botswana......................5.2 1.3

58 Cameroon .....................5.2 1.4

59 Malawi ..........................5.2 1.4

60 Kenya............................5.2 1.5

61 Greece ..........................5.1 1.3

62 Guatemala ....................5.1 1.3


63 Argentina ......................5.1 1.0

64 Mozambique.................5.1 1.1

65 Nigeria ..........................5.1 1.7

66 Mongolia .......................5.1 1.4

67 Colombia.......................5.1 1.3

68 Bahrain..........................5.1 1.8

69 Sri Lanka .......................5.0 1.5

70 Mali ...............................5.0 1.5

71 Benin ............................5.0 1.4

72 Pakistan ........................4.9 1.8

73 Madagascar ..................4.9 1.5

74 Croatia ..........................4.9 1.2

75 Armenia ........................4.9 1.5

76 Cambodia......................4.9 1.7

77 Japan ............................4.8 1.3

78 Mauritius.......................4.8 1.5

79 Lithuania .......................4.8 1.1

80 Cyprus ..........................4.8 1.3

81 Romania........................4.8 1.2

82 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.2

83 Nicaragua......................4.7 1.5

84 Algeria...........................4.7 1.7

85 Egypt ............................4.7 1.7

86 Honduras ......................4.7 1.6

87 China.............................4.7 1.5

88 Kazakhstan....................4.6 1.3

89 Brazil .............................4.6 1.3

90 Philippines ....................4.6 1.6

91 Qatar .............................4.6 1.6

92 Guyana..........................4.6 1.6

93 United Arab Emirates ...4.5 2.0

94 Georgia .........................4.5 1.1

95 Korea, Rep. ...................4.5 1.3

96 Mauritania .....................4.4 1.6

97 Suriname ......................4.4 1.2

98 Bosnia and Herzegovina...4.4 1.6

99 Poland...........................4.4 1.2

100 Chad .............................4.4 1.7

101 Bulgaria .........................4.3 1.4

102 Venezuela .....................4.3 1.3

103 Italy ...............................4.3 1.2

104 Thailand ........................4.3 1.4

105 Slovenia ........................4.3 1.3

106 Iceland ..........................4.2 1.6

107 Burundi .........................4.2 2.0

108 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.2 1.6

109 Serbia and Montenegro ...4.2 1.5

110 Bolivia ...........................4.1 1.2

111 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.1 1.5

112 Ecuador.........................4.1 1.2

113 Albania ..........................4.0 1.6

114 Zimbabwe.....................4.0 1.3

115 Ethiopia .........................3.9 2.0

116 Paraguay .......................3.9 1.5

117 Tajikistan .......................3.9 1.7

118 Moldova........................3.9 1.4

119 Angola...........................3.8 1.6

120 Ukraine .........................3.7 1.2

121 Vietnam.........................3.7 1.5

122 Nepal ............................3.5 1.7

123 Russian Federation .......3.4 1.4

124 Kuwait...........................2.9 1.7

1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions

Foreign ownership of companies in your country is (1 = rare, limited to minority stakes and often prohibited in key sectors , 7 = prevalent

and encouraged)

SOURCE: World Economic Forum, Executive Opinion Survey 2006

6

2.2

: D

ata

Ta

ble

s |

P

oli

cy r

ule

s a

nd

re

gu

lati

on

s

How to Read the Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 371

372

How

to R

ead

the

Data

Tab

les

Hard data

While Survey data provide qualitative information,hard data provide objective quantitative measures (forexample, surface of protected areas, number of airports,life expectancy, and so on). Several hard data indicatorswere computed or provided by partners to the project(Booz Allen Hamilton, the United Nations WorldTourism Organization, the World Travel & TourismCouncil, and the International Air Transport Association).Other hard data indicators entering the TTCI wereobtained from international organizations (for example,the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, theInternational Telecommunication Union, UnitedNations’ agencies, the World Trade Organization, and so on), and, in some cases, from national sources. In thefollowing pages, hard data variables are presented inblack bar graphs.A detailed description and full sourcefor each variable can be found in the Technical Notesand Sources section at the end of this Report.

When data are not available or are out of date,“n/a” is used in lieu of the rank and the value.

In the case of hard data, true ties between two or more countries are possible. In such cases, sharedrankings are indicated accordingly. For example, in both Singapore and Switzerland T&T governmentexpenditure represents 7.5 percent of the total budget.Therefore, these two countries share the 15th rank onvariable 5.02.

RANK COUNTRY/ECONOMY HARD DATA

1 Albania...............................100.0

1 Argentina ...........................100.0

1 Bolivia ................................100.0

1 Bosnia and Herzegovina....100.0

1 Bulgaria..............................100.0

1 Colombia ...........................100.0

1 Cyprus ...............................100.0

1 Ecuador .............................100.0

1 Georgia ..............................100.0

1 Guyana ..............................100.0

1 Jamaica .............................100.0

1 Romania ............................100.0

1 Serbia and Montenegro.....100.0

1 Ukraine ..............................100.0

15 Barbados .............................90.0

15 Botswana ............................90.0

15 Chile ....................................90.0

15 Costa Rica ...........................90.0

15 Croatia .................................90.0

15 Egypt ...................................90.0

15 Hong Kong SAR ..................90.0

15 Hungary ...............................90.0

15 Jordan..................................90.0

15 Korea, Rep...........................90.0

15 Lithuania ..............................90.0

15 Macedonia, FYR ..................90.0

15 Malaysia ..............................90.0

15 Mexico.................................90.0

15 Morocco ..............................90.0

15 Namibia ...............................90.0

15 Nicaragua.............................90.0

15 Peru .....................................90.0

15 Philippines ...........................90.0

15 Poland..................................90.0

15 Singapore ............................90.0

15 Slovak Republic ...................90.0

15 Slovenia ...............................90.0

15 Taiwan, China ......................90.0

15 Thailand ...............................90.0

15 Turkey..................................90.0

15 Uruguay ...............................90.0

15 Venezuela ............................90.0

43 Austria .................................80.0

43 Belgium ...............................80.0

43 Canada.................................80.0

43 Czech Republic....................80.0

43 Denmark..............................80.0

43 Dominican Republic ............80.0

43 El Salvador...........................80.0

43 Estonia.................................80.0

43 Finland.................................80.0

43 France..................................80.0

43 Germany..............................80.0

43 Greece.................................80.0

43 Guatemala ...........................80.0

43 Honduras .............................80.0

43 Iceland.................................80.0

43 Indonesia .............................80.0

43 Ireland..................................80.0

43 Israel....................................80.0

43 Italy......................................80.0

43 Japan...................................80.0


43 Kuwait .................................80.0

43 Latvia ...................................80.0

43 Lesotho ...............................80.0

43 Luxembourg ........................80.0

43 Malawi.................................80.0

43 Mauritius .............................80.0

43 Nepal ...................................80.0

43 Netherlands .........................80.0

43 New Zealand .......................80.0

43 Norway................................80.0

43 Panama................................80.0

43 Portugal ...............................80.0

43 South Africa.........................80.0

43 Spain....................................80.0

43 Sri Lanka..............................80.0

43 Sweden ...............................80.0

43 Switzerland..........................80.0

43 Tunisia .................................80.0

43 United Arab Emirates ..........80.0

43 United Kingdom ..................80.0

43 United States ......................80.0

43 Zimbabwe............................80.0

85 Bahrain ................................70.0

85 Malta ...................................70.0

85 Qatar....................................70.0

85 Trinidad and Tobago.............70.0

89 Brazil....................................60.0

89 Paraguay..............................60.0

89 Zambia.................................60.0

92 Australia...............................50.0

92 Gambia ................................50.0

94 Cambodia ............................30.0

94 China ...................................30.0

94 Kyrgyz Republic...................30.0

94 Moldova...............................30.0

94 Mongolia..............................30.0

94 Vietnam ...............................30.0

100 Armenia ...............................20.0

100 Azerbaijan ............................20.0

100 Kazakhstan ..........................20.0

100 Pakistan ...............................20.0

100 Suriname .............................20.0

100 Tajikistan..............................20.0

106 Bangladesh..........................10.0

106 Benin ...................................10.0

106 Burkina Faso........................10.0

106 Ethiopia................................10.0

106 India.....................................10.0

106 Russian Federation..............10.0

106 Tanzania...............................10.0

113 Algeria ...................................0.0

113 Angola ...................................0.0

113 Burundi ..................................0.0

113 Cameroon..............................0.0

113 Chad ......................................0.0

113 Kenya.....................................0.0

113 Madagascar ...........................0.0

113 Mali........................................0.0

113 Mauritania..............................0.0

113 Mozambique..........................0.0

113 Nigeria ...................................0.0

113 Uganda ..................................0.0

1.04 Visa requirements

Visitor Visa Requirements Index, 2006

SOURCE: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

9

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

olic

y ru

les

and

regu

latio

ns

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 372

373

List

of D

ata

Tabl

es

Subindex A T&T regulatory framework

Policy rules and regulations............................................................3751.01 Foreign ownership restrictions......................................3761.02 Property rights...............................................................3771.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment ...................3781.04 Visa requirements .........................................................3791.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements.............380

Environmental regulation..................................................................3812.01 Stringency of environmental regulation ........................3822.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations .........3832.03 Government prioritization of sustainable

Travel & Tourism ...........................................................384

Safety and security.............................................................................3853.01 Business costs of terrorism ..........................................3863.02 Reliability of police services ..........................................3873.03 Business costs of crime and violence ..........................388

Health and hygiene ............................................................................3894.01 Government efforts to reduce health risks

from pandemics ...............................................................3904.02 Physician density...........................................................3914.03 Access to improved sanitation......................................3924.04 Access to improved drinking water ..............................393

Prioritization of Travel & Tourism ...................................................3955.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry..............3965.02 T&T government expenditure .......................................3975.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding to attract

tourists ..........................................................................3985.04 T&T fair attendance.......................................................399

Subindex B T&T business environment and infrastructure

Air transport infrastructure ..............................................................4016.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure ............................4026.02 Available seat kilometers...............................................4036.03 Departures per 1,000 population ..................................4046.04 Airport density ...............................................................4056.05 Number of operating airlines.........................................4066.06 International air transport network................................407

Ground transport infrastructure ......................................................4097.01 Road infrastructure........................................................4107.02 Railroad infrastructure ...................................................4117.03 Port infrastructure .........................................................4127.04 Domestic transport network .........................................413

Tourism infrastructure .......................................................................4158.01 Hotel rooms ..................................................................4168.02 Presence of major car rental companies ......................4178.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards ...........................................418

ICT infrastructure ................................................................................4199.01 Extent of business Internet use....................................4209.02 Internet users................................................................4219.03 Telephone lines .............................................................422

Price competitiveness in the T&T industry..................................42310.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges ...................................42410.02 Purchasing power parity................................................42510.03 Extent and effect of taxation.........................................42610.04 Fuel price levels ............................................................427

Subindex C T&T human, cultural, and natural resources

Human resources................................................................................42911.01 Primary education enrollment .......................................43011.02 Secondary education enrollment...................................43111.03 Quality of the educational system ................................43211.04 Local availability of specialized research and

training services ............................................................43311.05 Extent of staff training ..................................................43411.06 Hiring and firing practices .............................................43511.07 Ease of hiring foreign labor ...........................................43611.08 HIV prevalence ..............................................................43711.09 Malaria incidence ..........................................................43811.10 Tuberculosis incidence ..................................................43911.11 Life expectancy .............................................................440

National tourism perception............................................................44112.01 Tourism openness .........................................................44212.02 Attitude toward tourists ................................................44312.03 Recommendation to extend business trips ..................444

Natural and cultural resources.......................................................44513.01 Number of World Heritage sites ...................................44613.02 Carbon dioxide damage.................................................44713.03 Nationally protected areas.............................................44813.04 Business concern for ecosystems................................44913.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever ...................................450

List of Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 373

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 374

375

Pillar 1Policy rules and regulations

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 375


1 Ireland...........................6.4 0.92 Slovak Republic ............6.3 0.83 Singapore......................6.3 0.84 Hong Kong SAR............6.3 1.25 United Kingdom............6.3 0.96 Czech Republic .............6.2 0.87 Germany .......................6.1 0.78 Chile..............................6.1 0.99 Sweden ........................6.1 0.7

10 Luxembourg .................6.0 1.011 Finland ..........................6.0 1.012 Indonesia ......................6.0 1.013 Belgium ........................6.0 0.814 New Zealand.................6.0 0.915 Denmark .......................5.9 0.916 Zambia ..........................5.8 0.717 Uganda .........................5.8 1.518 Hungary ........................5.8 0.919 Austria ..........................5.8 0.920 Jordan...........................5.8 1.221 Jamaica.........................5.8 1.022 Australia ........................5.8 1.023 Switzerland ...................5.7 1.024 Netherlands ..................5.7 1.125 Israel .............................5.7 0.926 Estonia ..........................5.7 0.927 Costa Rica.....................5.7 1.028 Canada..........................5.7 0.929 Dominican Republic......5.7 1.130 Gambia .........................5.6 1.431 Mexico..........................5.6 1.232 Norway .........................5.5 0.933 Spain.............................5.5 0.934 Barbados.......................5.5 1.035 Malta.............................5.5 1.336 Taiwan, China................5.4 1.037 Panama.........................5.4 1.438 Trinidad and Tobago ......5.4 1.339 India ..............................5.4 1.440 Tanzania ........................5.4 1.141 South Africa ..................5.4 1.342 Bangladesh ...................5.4 1.543 United States................5.3 1.244 Peru ..............................5.3 1.145 Burkina Faso .................5.3 1.346 Portugal ........................5.3 1.147 Morocco .......................5.3 1.548 Latvia ............................5.3 1.249 Malaysia........................5.3 1.250 Azerbaijan .....................5.3 1.451 Tunisia...........................5.3 1.552 El Salvador ....................5.2 1.352 Lesotho.........................5.2 1.654 Namibia.........................5.2 1.355 Uruguay ........................5.2 1.256 France...........................5.2 1.257 Botswana......................5.2 1.358 Cameroon .....................5.2 1.459 Malawi ..........................5.2 1.460 Kenya............................5.2 1.561 Greece ..........................5.1 1.362 Guatemala ....................5.1 1.3


63 Argentina ......................5.1 1.064 Mozambique.................5.1 1.165 Nigeria ..........................5.1 1.766 Mongolia .......................5.1 1.467 Colombia.......................5.1 1.368 Bahrain..........................5.1 1.869 Sri Lanka .......................5.0 1.570 Mali ...............................5.0 1.571 Benin ............................5.0 1.472 Pakistan ........................4.9 1.873 Madagascar ..................4.9 1.574 Croatia ..........................4.9 1.275 Armenia ........................4.9 1.576 Cambodia......................4.9 1.777 Japan ............................4.8 1.378 Mauritius.......................4.8 1.579 Lithuania .......................4.8 1.180 Cyprus ..........................4.8 1.381 Romania........................4.8 1.282 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.283 Nicaragua......................4.7 1.584 Algeria...........................4.7 1.785 Egypt ............................4.7 1.786 Honduras ......................4.7 1.687 China.............................4.7 1.588 Kazakhstan....................4.6 1.389 Brazil .............................4.6 1.390 Philippines ....................4.6 1.691 Qatar .............................4.6 1.692 Guyana..........................4.6 1.693 United Arab Emirates ...4.5 2.094 Georgia .........................4.5 1.195 Korea, Rep. ...................4.5 1.396 Mauritania .....................4.4 1.697 Suriname ......................4.4 1.298 Bosnia and Herzegovina...4.4 1.699 Poland...........................4.4 1.2

100 Chad .............................4.4 1.7101 Bulgaria .........................4.3 1.4102 Venezuela .....................4.3 1.3103 Italy ...............................4.3 1.2104 Thailand ........................4.3 1.4105 Slovenia ........................4.3 1.3106 Iceland ..........................4.2 1.6107 Burundi .........................4.2 2.0108 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.2 1.6109 Serbia and Montenegro ...4.2 1.5110 Bolivia ...........................4.1 1.2111 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.1 1.5112 Ecuador.........................4.1 1.2113 Albania ..........................4.0 1.6114 Zimbabwe.....................4.0 1.3115 Ethiopia .........................3.9 2.0116 Paraguay .......................3.9 1.5117 Tajikistan .......................3.9 1.7118 Moldova........................3.9 1.4119 Angola...........................3.8 1.6120 Ukraine .........................3.7 1.2121 Vietnam.........................3.7 1.5122 Nepal ............................3.5 1.7123 Russian Federation .......3.4 1.4124 Kuwait...........................2.9 1.7

1.01 Foreign ownership restrictions

Foreign ownership of companies in your country is (1 = rare, limited to minority stakes and often prohibited in key sectors , 7 = prevalentand encouraged)


376

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

olic

y ru

les

and

regu

latio

ns

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 376


1 Germany .......................6.8 0.52 Iceland ..........................6.7 0.53 Denmark .......................6.6 0.64 Switzerland ...................6.6 0.75 Netherlands ..................6.5 0.76 United Kingdom............6.5 0.97 Austria ..........................6.4 0.98 Finland ..........................6.4 0.99 Ireland...........................6.4 0.8

10 Australia ........................6.4 0.811 Singapore......................6.3 0.812 Luxembourg .................6.3 1.013 Norway .........................6.3 0.714 Hong Kong SAR............6.2 1.115 Japan ............................6.2 1.016 Sweden ........................6.2 1.117 New Zealand.................6.2 1.118 France...........................6.1 1.119 Belgium ........................5.9 1.320 Canada..........................5.9 1.421 United States................5.8 1.322 South Africa ..................5.8 1.023 Israel .............................5.8 1.024 Malaysia........................5.8 0.925 India ..............................5.7 1.326 Spain.............................5.6 1.327 Estonia ..........................5.6 1.228 Mauritius.......................5.6 1.329 Cyprus ..........................5.5 1.430 Chile..............................5.5 1.331 Namibia.........................5.5 1.332 Hungary ........................5.5 1.233 Portugal ........................5.5 1.434 Korea, Rep. ...................5.4 1.335 Tunisia...........................5.4 1.336 Barbados.......................5.4 1.137 Greece ..........................5.3 1.338 Qatar .............................5.3 1.539 Taiwan, China................5.3 1.240 Thailand ........................5.3 1.041 Malta.............................5.2 1.542 United Arab Emirates ...5.1 1.743 Italy ...............................5.1 1.544 Panama.........................5.0 1.445 Slovak Republic ............5.0 1.246 Jordan...........................5.0 1.547 Bahrain..........................5.0 1.748 Jamaica.........................5.0 1.449 Lithuania .......................4.9 1.450 Slovenia ........................4.9 1.651 Latvia ............................4.9 1.752 Botswana......................4.9 1.453 Turkey ...........................4.8 1.554 Kuwait...........................4.8 1.855 Uruguay ........................4.8 1.456 Morocco .......................4.8 1.957 Egypt ............................4.7 1.858 Colombia.......................4.7 1.559 Costa Rica.....................4.7 1.460 Mexico..........................4.6 1.561 Zambia ..........................4.6 1.562 Brazil .............................4.6 1.5


63 Sri Lanka .......................4.6 1.664 Czech Republic .............4.6 1.465 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.6 1.666 Algeria...........................4.5 2.067 El Salvador ....................4.5 1.768 Burkina Faso .................4.4 1.469 Vietnam.........................4.4 1.570 Philippines ....................4.4 1.571 Armenia ........................4.3 1.772 Tajikistan .......................4.2 1.873 Guatemala ....................4.2 1.274 Malawi ..........................4.2 1.675 Dominican Republic......4.2 1.376 Romania........................4.1 1.577 Mali ...............................4.1 1.778 Nepal ............................4.1 1.879 Gambia .........................4.0 1.880 Mongolia .......................4.0 1.681 Croatia ..........................4.0 1.582 China.............................4.0 1.583 Kenya............................3.9 1.684 Tanzania ........................3.9 1.585 Kazakhstan....................3.9 1.586 Mozambique.................3.9 1.687 Bangladesh ...................3.8 1.788 Nigeria ..........................3.8 1.889 Serbia and Montenegro ...3.8 1.790 Indonesia ......................3.8 0.991 Bulgaria .........................3.8 1.592 Poland...........................3.7 1.093 Mauritania .....................3.7 1.594 Suriname ......................3.7 1.895 Pakistan ........................3.7 1.496 Cambodia......................3.6 1.897 Benin ............................3.6 1.698 Azerbaijan .....................3.6 1.599 Ethiopia .........................3.6 1.6

100 Madagascar ..................3.6 1.4101 Uganda .........................3.6 1.8102 Georgia .........................3.5 1.4103 Moldova........................3.5 1.5104 Honduras ......................3.5 1.3105 Cameroon .....................3.5 1.9106 Peru ..............................3.5 1.3107 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.5 1.7108 Angola...........................3.5 1.5109 Nicaragua......................3.4 1.6110 Ecuador.........................3.4 1.3111 Lesotho.........................3.4 1.8112 Guyana..........................3.4 1.7113 Ukraine .........................3.4 1.4114 Russian Federation .......3.2 1.5115 Bolivia ...........................3.1 1.5116 Albania ..........................3.0 1.4117 Paraguay .......................3.0 1.3118 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.0 1.4119 Burundi .........................3.0 1.8120 Bosnia and Herzegovina...3.0 1.2121 Argentina ......................2.9 1.4122 Chad .............................2.6 1.7123 Venezuela .....................2.4 1.3124 Zimbabwe.....................1.9 1.3

1.02 Property rights

Property rights, including over financial assets (1 = are poorly defined and not protected by law, 7 = are clearly defined and well protected by law)


377

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

olic

y ru

les

and

regu

latio

ns

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 377


1 Singapore......................6.5 0.72 Ireland...........................6.5 0.93 Hong Kong SAR............6.5 0.84 Luxembourg .................6.3 0.85 Slovak Republic ............6.2 0.86 Zambia ..........................6.1 1.17 United Kingdom............6.0 1.08 Indonesia ......................6.0 1.19 Estonia ..........................6.0 0.9

10 Czech Republic .............5.9 1.011 Chile..............................5.9 0.912 Malaysia........................5.9 0.913 Portugal ........................5.9 0.814 Finland ..........................5.9 0.915 Sweden ........................5.8 1.016 Switzerland ...................5.8 1.017 Netherlands ..................5.8 1.018 Denmark .......................5.8 0.819 Germany .......................5.7 1.020 Belgium ........................5.7 1.121 Austria ..........................5.7 0.922 Uganda .........................5.7 1.423 Bangladesh ...................5.7 1.424 Gambia .........................5.7 1.225 Tunisia...........................5.7 1.126 Jordan...........................5.6 1.127 El Salvador ....................5.6 1.028 Hungary ........................5.6 1.029 Dominican Republic......5.6 1.130 Israel .............................5.6 0.931 Burkina Faso .................5.5 1.332 Bahrain..........................5.5 1.333 Malta.............................5.5 1.134 India ..............................5.5 1.235 Taiwan, China................5.5 1.036 Tanzania ........................5.5 1.237 United Arab Emirates ...5.5 1.338 Mexico..........................5.5 1.339 Trinidad and Tobago ......5.5 1.140 New Zealand.................5.4 1.041 Barbados.......................5.4 1.142 China.............................5.4 1.243 Jamaica.........................5.4 1.244 United States................5.4 1.245 Costa Rica.....................5.4 1.146 Spain.............................5.4 1.246 Sri Lanka .......................5.4 1.448 Peru ..............................5.4 1.149 Norway .........................5.4 1.050 Canada..........................5.3 1.051 Australia ........................5.3 1.252 Qatar .............................5.3 1.553 Mauritania .....................5.3 1.654 Nigeria ..........................5.3 1.555 France...........................5.2 1.356 Armenia ........................5.2 1.257 Cyprus ..........................5.2 1.158 Thailand ........................5.2 1.159 Iceland ..........................5.2 1.260 Morocco .......................5.2 1.761 Panama.........................5.2 1.362 Cambodia......................5.2 1.5


63 Angola...........................5.1 1.664 Mali ...............................5.1 1.665 Colombia.......................5.1 1.166 Pakistan ........................5.1 1.567 Turkey ...........................5.1 1.168 Botswana......................5.1 1.469 Mauritius.......................5.1 1.070 Guatemala ....................5.1 1.371 Mongolia .......................5.0 1.572 South Africa ..................5.0 1.173 Vietnam.........................5.0 1.674 Mozambique.................5.0 1.675 Latvia ............................4.9 1.276 Nicaragua......................4.9 1.377 Uruguay ........................4.9 1.578 Philippines ....................4.9 1.379 Lesotho.........................4.8 1.680 Honduras ......................4.8 1.481 Brazil .............................4.8 1.382 Japan ............................4.7 1.283 Namibia.........................4.7 1.384 Azerbaijan .....................4.7 1.785 Kazakhstan....................4.7 1.286 Malawi ..........................4.7 1.487 Ethiopia .........................4.7 1.688 Romania........................4.7 1.289 Greece ..........................4.6 1.590 Kenya............................4.6 1.591 Algeria...........................4.6 1.992 Cameroon .....................4.5 1.593 Korea, Rep. ...................4.5 1.194 Croatia ..........................4.5 1.395 Burundi .........................4.5 1.896 Egypt ............................4.4 1.897 Lithuania .......................4.4 1.298 Guyana..........................4.4 1.599 Georgia .........................4.4 1.0

100 Tajikistan .......................4.4 1.6101 Italy ...............................4.4 1.0102 Poland...........................4.4 1.0103 Madagascar ..................4.3 1.5104 Serbia and Montenegro..4.3 1.6105 Nepal ............................4.2 1.6106 Benin ............................4.2 1.6107 Paraguay .......................4.2 1.6108 Moldova........................4.2 1.5109 Slovenia ........................4.1 1.1110 Albania ..........................4.0 1.4111 Argentina ......................4.0 1.3112 Suriname ......................3.9 1.5113 Bulgaria .........................3.9 1.5114 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.9 1.8115 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.9 1.5116 Ecuador.........................3.9 1.2117 Ukraine .........................3.8 1.2118 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.8 1.4119 Bolivia ...........................3.8 1.4120 Venezuela .....................3.7 1.3121 Russian Federation .......3.7 1.4122 Kuwait...........................3.5 1.7123 Chad .............................3.3 1.8124 Zimbabwe.....................2.8 1.5

1.03 Rules governing foreign direct investment

In your country, rules governing foreign direct investment are (1 = damaging and discourage foreign direct investment , 7 = beneficial andencourage foreign direct investment)


378

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

olic

y ru

les

and

regu

latio

ns

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 378


1 Albania...............................100.01 Argentina ...........................100.01 Bolivia ................................100.01 Bosnia and Herzegovina....100.01 Bulgaria..............................100.01 Colombia ...........................100.01 Cyprus ...............................100.01 Ecuador .............................100.01 Georgia ..............................100.01 Guyana ..............................100.01 Jamaica .............................100.01 Romania ............................100.01 Serbia and Montenegro.....100.01 Ukraine ..............................100.0

15 Barbados .............................90.015 Botswana ............................90.015 Chile ....................................90.015 Costa Rica ...........................90.015 Croatia .................................90.015 Egypt ...................................90.015 Hong Kong SAR ..................90.015 Hungary ...............................90.015 Jordan..................................90.015 Korea, Rep...........................90.015 Lithuania ..............................90.015 Macedonia, FYR ..................90.015 Malaysia ..............................90.015 Mexico.................................90.015 Morocco ..............................90.015 Namibia ...............................90.015 Nicaragua.............................90.015 Peru .....................................90.015 Philippines ...........................90.015 Poland..................................90.015 Singapore ............................90.015 Slovak Republic ...................90.015 Slovenia ...............................90.015 Taiwan, China ......................90.015 Thailand ...............................90.015 Turkey..................................90.015 Uruguay ...............................90.015 Venezuela ............................90.043 Austria .................................80.043 Belgium ...............................80.043 Canada.................................80.043 Czech Republic....................80.043 Denmark..............................80.043 Dominican Republic ............80.043 El Salvador...........................80.043 Estonia.................................80.043 Finland.................................80.043 France..................................80.043 Germany..............................80.043 Greece.................................80.043 Guatemala ...........................80.043 Honduras .............................80.043 Iceland.................................80.043 Indonesia .............................80.043 Ireland..................................80.043 Israel....................................80.043 Italy......................................80.043 Japan...................................80.0


43 Kuwait .................................80.043 Latvia ...................................80.043 Lesotho ...............................80.043 Luxembourg ........................80.043 Malawi.................................80.043 Mauritius .............................80.043 Nepal ...................................80.043 Netherlands .........................80.043 New Zealand .......................80.043 Norway................................80.043 Panama................................80.043 Portugal ...............................80.043 South Africa.........................80.043 Spain....................................80.043 Sri Lanka..............................80.043 Sweden ...............................80.043 Switzerland..........................80.043 Tunisia .................................80.043 United Arab Emirates ..........80.043 United Kingdom ..................80.043 United States ......................80.043 Zimbabwe............................80.085 Bahrain ................................70.085 Malta ...................................70.085 Qatar....................................70.085 Trinidad and Tobago.............70.089 Brazil....................................60.089 Paraguay..............................60.089 Zambia.................................60.092 Australia...............................50.092 Gambia ................................50.094 Cambodia ............................30.094 China ...................................30.094 Kyrgyz Republic...................30.094 Moldova...............................30.094 Mongolia..............................30.094 Vietnam ...............................30.0

100 Armenia ...............................20.0100 Azerbaijan ............................20.0100 Kazakhstan ..........................20.0100 Pakistan ...............................20.0100 Suriname .............................20.0100 Tajikistan..............................20.0106 Bangladesh..........................10.0106 Benin ...................................10.0106 Burkina Faso........................10.0106 Ethiopia................................10.0106 India.....................................10.0106 Russian Federation..............10.0106 Tanzania...............................10.0113 Algeria ...................................0.0113 Angola ...................................0.0113 Burundi ..................................0.0113 Cameroon..............................0.0113 Chad ......................................0.0113 Kenya.....................................0.0113 Madagascar ...........................0.0113 Mali........................................0.0113 Mauritania..............................0.0113 Mozambique..........................0.0113 Nigeria ...................................0.0113 Uganda ..................................0.0


Visitor Visa Requirements Index, 2006


379

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

olic

y ru

les

and

regu

latio

ns

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 379


1 El Salvador...........................33.72 Honduras .............................32.73 Guatemala ...........................31.94 Dominican Republic ............28.95 Nicaragua.............................26.56 Jamaica ...............................24.77 Peru .....................................22.78 United States ......................22.69 Costa Rica ...........................22.0

10 Canada.................................20.211 Panama................................19.212 Chile ....................................18.912 Poland..................................18.914 Luxembourg ........................16.515 Germany..............................16.416 Iceland.................................15.617 Denmark..............................15.318 Portugal ...............................15.119 Japan...................................14.819 Netherlands .........................14.821 Mexico.................................14.622 Barbados .............................14.123 Suriname .............................13.624 Hong Kong SAR ..................13.525 New Zealand .......................13.426 Ireland..................................13.327 Philippines ...........................13.128 Italy......................................13.028 Singapore ............................13.030 Indonesia .............................12.931 Czech Republic....................12.832 Belgium ...............................12.633 Ecuador ...............................12.534 Finland.................................12.435 Paraguay..............................12.236 Brazil....................................12.136 Jordan..................................12.138 United Kingdom ..................12.039 Israel....................................11.940 Colombia .............................11.841 Korea, Rep...........................11.742 Trinidad and Tobago.............11.542 Turkey..................................11.544 United Arab Emirates ..........11.345 Croatia .................................11.245 Hungary ...............................11.245 Uruguay ...............................11.248 Azerbaijan ............................11.149 Namibia ...............................10.950 Greece.................................10.851 Malaysia ..............................10.751 Qatar....................................10.753 Austria .................................10.654 Morocco ..............................10.555 Ethiopia................................10.456 Bahrain ................................10.257 Tunisia ...................................9.958 Thailand .................................9.959 South Africa...........................9.960 Cameroon..............................9.861 Switzerland............................9.862 Pakistan .................................9.6


62 Zambia...................................9.664 Bolivia ....................................9.564 Egypt .....................................9.566 Albania...................................9.567 Chad ......................................9.468 Norway..................................9.469 France....................................9.470 Bosnia and Herzegovina........9.370 Malta .....................................9.372 Australia.................................9.072 Gambia ..................................9.072 Sweden .................................9.075 Argentina ...............................8.875 Mozambique..........................8.875 Slovak Republic .....................8.878 Sri Lanka................................8.679 Romania ................................8.580 Spain......................................8.381 Mauritania..............................8.282 Serbia and Montenegro.........8.283 Cambodia ..............................8.184 Armenia .................................8.084 Lithuania ................................8.084 Venezuela ..............................8.084 Vietnam .................................8.088 India.......................................7.989 Malawi...................................7.890 Madagascar ...........................7.791 Nigeria ...................................7.591 Zimbabwe..............................7.593 Bulgaria..................................7.094 Kazakhstan ............................6.995 Uganda ..................................6.796 Botswana ..............................6.597 Mauritius ...............................6.298 Algeria ...................................6.198 Mali........................................6.198 Ukraine ..................................6.1

101 Guyana ..................................6.0102 Bangladesh............................5.8102 Tanzania.................................5.8104 Mongolia................................5.7105 China .....................................5.5106 Burundi ..................................5.4106 Latvia .....................................5.4108 Kenya.....................................5.2109 Macedonia, FYR ....................5.1110 Georgia ..................................4.9111 Cyprus ...................................4.6112 Kyrgyz Republic.....................4.5113 Moldova.................................4.4114 Russian Federation................4.2115 Benin .....................................3.9115 Slovenia .................................3.9117 Estonia...................................3.0117 Nepal .....................................3.0119 Kuwait ...................................2.3120 Burkina Faso..........................1.9121 Angola ...................................1.0122 Lesotho .................................0.1n/a Taiwan, China ........................n/an/a Tajikistan ................................n/a

1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements

Index of openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements, 2005

SOURCE: World Trade Organization

380

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

olic

y ru

les

and

regu

latio

ns

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 380

381

Pillar 2Environmental regulation

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 381


1 Germany .......................6.7 0.62 Denmark .......................6.6 0.73 Austria ..........................6.6 0.74 Sweden ........................6.5 0.85 Switzerland ...................6.5 0.76 Finland ..........................6.4 0.87 Norway .........................6.3 0.68 Netherlands ..................6.2 0.99 New Zealand.................6.2 0.7

10 Luxembourg .................6.2 0.911 Belgium ........................6.1 1.012 Japan ............................6.0 1.013 United Kingdom............5.9 1.014 France...........................5.8 1.115 Canada..........................5.8 1.116 Australia ........................5.8 0.917 Iceland ..........................5.7 1.018 Singapore......................5.7 1.019 Czech Republic .............5.5 1.220 Taiwan, China................5.4 1.221 United States................5.4 1.422 Portugal ........................5.3 0.923 Slovenia ........................5.3 1.024 Ireland...........................5.3 1.225 Malaysia........................5.3 1.126 Tunisia...........................5.2 1.127 Chile..............................5.1 1.128 Brazil .............................5.1 1.729 Hungary ........................5.1 1.230 Slovak Republic ............5.1 1.331 Costa Rica.....................5.0 1.232 Italy ...............................5.0 1.533 South Africa ..................4.8 1.334 Hong Kong SAR............4.8 1.335 United Arab Emirates ...4.8 1.636 Estonia ..........................4.7 1.437 Lithuania .......................4.7 1.338 Israel .............................4.7 1.139 Spain.............................4.6 1.340 Korea, Rep. ...................4.6 1.241 India ..............................4.5 1.542 Qatar .............................4.4 1.543 Latvia ............................4.4 1.444 Thailand ........................4.4 1.145 Colombia.......................4.3 1.446 Uruguay ........................4.2 1.247 Mauritius.......................4.2 0.948 Croatia ..........................4.2 1.449 Mexico..........................4.2 1.450 Greece ..........................4.1 1.451 Poland...........................4.1 1.152 Namibia.........................4.0 1.453 El Salvador ....................4.0 1.454 Malta.............................4.0 1.255 Barbados.......................3.9 1.456 Turkey ...........................3.9 1.357 Peru ..............................3.8 1.358 Jordan...........................3.7 1.459 Cyprus ..........................3.7 1.460 Madagascar ..................3.7 1.361 Benin ............................3.7 1.462 Gambia .........................3.7 1.3


63 Kenya............................3.7 1.464 Georgia .........................3.6 1.765 Philippines ....................3.6 1.466 Panama.........................3.6 1.467 Burkina Faso .................3.6 1.568 Tanzania ........................3.6 1.469 Bahrain..........................3.6 1.970 Dominican Republic......3.6 1.471 Jamaica.........................3.5 1.372 Algeria...........................3.5 1.673 Venezuela .....................3.5 1.674 Romania........................3.5 1.675 Uganda .........................3.4 1.876 Botswana......................3.4 1.477 Pakistan ........................3.4 1.478 Guatemala ....................3.4 1.479 Zimbabwe.....................3.4 1.380 Sri Lanka .......................3.4 1.381 Kuwait...........................3.4 1.682 Morocco .......................3.3 1.683 Mali ...............................3.3 1.484 Honduras ......................3.3 1.485 Kazakhstan....................3.3 1.586 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.2 1.787 Argentina ......................3.2 1.588 Malawi ..........................3.2 1.589 Bolivia ...........................3.2 1.590 Bulgaria .........................3.1 1.591 Moldova........................3.1 1.492 Egypt ............................3.1 1.793 Ecuador.........................3.1 1.294 Nigeria ..........................3.0 1.695 Armenia ........................3.0 1.496 Cambodia......................3.0 1.597 China.............................3.0 1.398 Guyana..........................3.0 1.399 Tajikistan .......................2.9 1.4

100 Paraguay .......................2.9 1.7101 Indonesia ......................2.9 0.7102 Mozambique.................2.9 1.3103 Russian Federation .......2.9 1.5104 Mauritania .....................2.9 1.6105 Bangladesh ...................2.9 1.5106 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.9 1.6107 Ukraine .........................2.9 1.5108 Nepal ............................2.9 1.3108 Vietnam.........................2.9 1.3110 Nicaragua......................2.8 1.3111 Azerbaijan .....................2.8 1.5112 Burundi .........................2.7 1.5113 Cameroon .....................2.7 1.2114 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.7 1.3115 Serbia and Montenegro..2.6 1.4116 Ethiopia .........................2.6 1.3117 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.6 1.3118 Lesotho.........................2.6 1.3119 Zambia ..........................2.5 1.3120 Angola...........................2.4 0.9121 Chad .............................2.4 1.4122 Mongolia .......................2.3 1.3123 Suriname ......................2.2 1.2124 Albania ..........................2.2 1.1

2.01 Stringency of environmental regulation

How stringent is your country’s environmental regulation? (1 = lax compared to most countries, 7 = among the world’s most stringent)


382

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| E

nviro

nmen

tal r

egul

atio

n

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 382


1 Denmark .......................6.4 0.82 Switzerland ...................6.1 0.83 Germany .......................6.0 1.04 Norway .........................6.0 0.75 Finland ..........................6.0 1.26 Sweden ........................5.9 1.17 Singapore......................5.8 0.98 Austria ..........................5.8 0.99 Japan ............................5.7 1.1

10 Iceland ..........................5.7 0.911 United Kingdom............5.7 1.112 Netherlands ..................5.6 1.113 Luxembourg .................5.5 1.114 Australia ........................5.4 1.315 New Zealand.................5.3 1.316 France...........................5.3 1.317 Tunisia...........................5.2 1.218 Canada..........................5.2 1.419 United States................5.1 1.420 Taiwan, China................5.1 1.221 Belgium ........................5.0 1.622 Slovenia ........................5.0 1.023 Malaysia........................4.9 1.324 Ireland...........................4.9 1.525 Hong Kong SAR............4.8 1.426 Qatar .............................4.6 1.427 Israel .............................4.6 1.028 Estonia ..........................4.6 1.329 Korea, Rep. ...................4.6 1.330 United Arab Emirates ...4.6 1.731 South Africa ..................4.5 1.432 Portugal ........................4.5 0.933 Slovak Republic ............4.5 1.334 Hungary ........................4.5 1.235 Czech Republic .............4.4 1.436 Latvia ............................4.3 1.437 Chile..............................4.3 1.438 Thailand ........................4.2 1.139 Spain.............................4.2 1.340 Italy ...............................4.2 1.441 Costa Rica.....................4.2 1.342 Namibia.........................4.2 1.243 Tanzania ........................4.2 1.444 Gambia .........................4.1 1.345 Lithuania .......................4.1 1.446 Uruguay ........................4.1 1.347 Mauritius.......................4.0 1.248 Poland...........................4.0 1.149 India ..............................4.0 1.450 Brazil .............................3.9 1.651 Mexico..........................3.8 1.452 Croatia ..........................3.8 1.553 Malta.............................3.8 1.254 Botswana......................3.8 1.355 Greece ..........................3.7 1.456 Barbados.......................3.7 1.357 Cyprus ..........................3.7 1.358 Jordan...........................3.7 1.559 Colombia.......................3.7 1.260 Kazakhstan....................3.7 1.361 Burkina Faso .................3.6 1.662 Georgia .........................3.6 1.6


63 Kenya............................3.6 1.664 Turkey ...........................3.6 1.165 Pakistan ........................3.5 1.466 Zimbabwe.....................3.5 1.367 Peru ..............................3.5 1.368 Madagascar ..................3.4 1.369 El Salvador ....................3.4 1.470 Indonesia ......................3.4 0.971 Bahrain..........................3.4 1.972 Moldova........................3.4 1.573 Kuwait...........................3.4 1.574 Dominican Republic......3.4 1.375 Cambodia......................3.3 1.576 China.............................3.3 1.377 Uganda .........................3.3 1.878 Tajikistan .......................3.3 1.679 Algeria...........................3.3 1.680 Malawi ..........................3.3 1.681 Sri Lanka .......................3.3 1.482 Benin ............................3.3 1.583 Romania........................3.3 1.584 Nigeria ..........................3.2 1.785 Panama.........................3.2 1.386 Jamaica.........................3.2 1.387 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.2 1.688 Guatemala ....................3.1 1.189 Mali ...............................3.1 1.589 Mauritania .....................3.1 1.891 Morocco .......................3.1 1.592 Mozambique.................3.1 1.493 Egypt ............................3.1 1.694 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.1 1.495 Lesotho.........................3.1 1.596 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.1 1.597 Philippines ....................3.1 1.298 Ukraine .........................3.1 1.499 Nepal ............................3.0 1.5

100 Guyana..........................3.0 1.3101 Vietnam.........................3.0 1.2102 Bolivia ...........................3.0 1.2103 Azerbaijan .....................3.0 1.5104 Venezuela .....................3.0 1.4105 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.0 1.4106 Honduras ......................2.9 1.2107 Bulgaria .........................2.9 1.4108 Nicaragua......................2.9 1.3109 Russian Federation .......2.9 1.4110 Argentina ......................2.9 1.4111 Ecuador.........................2.8 1.1112 Cameroon .....................2.7 1.3113 Armenia ........................2.7 1.4114 Angola...........................2.7 1.2114 Burundi .........................2.7 1.5116 Bangladesh ...................2.7 1.3117 Mongolia .......................2.7 1.2118 Ethiopia .........................2.6 1.4119 Suriname ......................2.5 1.2120 Paraguay .......................2.4 1.3121 Serbia and Montenegro..2.4 1.3122 Zambia ..........................2.2 1.3123 Albania ..........................2.2 1.1124 Chad .............................2.1 1.2

2.02 Clarity and stability of environmental regulations

Environmental regulations in your country are (1 = confusing and enforced erratically, 7 = stable and enforced consistently and fairly)


383

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| E

nviro

nmen

tal r

egul

atio

n

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 383


1 Singapore......................6.2 0.72 New Zealand.................6.0 0.73 Tunisia...........................6.0 1.14 Austria ..........................5.9 1.05 United Arab Emirates ...5.9 1.36 Hong Kong SAR............5.8 1.47 Mauritius.......................5.8 0.88 Malaysia........................5.7 1.09 Barbados.......................5.7 1.3

10 Qatar .............................5.6 1.211 Finland ..........................5.6 1.112 Switzerland ...................5.6 1.113 Australia ........................5.6 0.914 South Africa ..................5.5 1.015 Iceland ..........................5.5 1.116 Germany .......................5.5 1.217 Zambia ..........................5.4 1.418 Morocco .......................5.4 1.319 Gambia .........................5.4 1.620 Tanzania ........................5.4 1.221 Ireland...........................5.4 1.622 Denmark .......................5.4 1.023 France...........................5.4 1.224 Greece ..........................5.4 1.225 Cyprus ..........................5.3 1.226 Canada..........................5.3 1.027 Israel .............................5.3 1.028 Portugal ........................5.3 1.029 Luxembourg .................5.3 1.430 Netherlands ..................5.2 1.331 Burkina Faso .................5.2 1.532 Belgium ........................5.2 1.133 Norway .........................5.2 1.034 Jordan...........................5.2 1.335 Sweden ........................5.2 0.936 Egypt ............................5.2 1.437 Thailand ........................5.1 1.438 Botswana......................5.1 1.539 Mali ...............................5.1 1.440 Cambodia......................5.1 1.641 Uganda .........................5.1 1.742 Taiwan, China................5.1 1.043 Mexico..........................5.1 1.244 United Kingdom............5.0 1.445 Estonia ..........................5.0 1.346 Jamaica.........................5.0 1.447 Kenya............................5.0 1.748 India ..............................4.9 1.149 United States................4.9 1.550 Malta.............................4.9 1.251 Vietnam.........................4.9 1.452 Croatia ..........................4.8 1.453 Nigeria ..........................4.8 1.654 Sri Lanka .......................4.8 1.655 Japan ............................4.8 1.156 Madagascar ..................4.8 1.457 Slovenia ........................4.8 1.358 Namibia.........................4.8 1.559 Hungary ........................4.7 1.260 Costa Rica.....................4.7 1.561 Turkey ...........................4.7 1.262 Panama.........................4.7 1.4


63 Spain.............................4.7 1.664 Korea, Rep. ...................4.6 0.965 Indonesia ......................4.6 1.466 Dominican Republic......4.6 1.567 Uruguay ........................4.6 1.368 Czech Republic .............4.5 1.269 El Salvador ....................4.5 1.669 Guatemala ....................4.5 1.471 Georgia .........................4.4 1.572 Mozambique.................4.4 1.673 Chile..............................4.4 1.374 Colombia.......................4.4 1.275 Honduras ......................4.3 1.676 Tajikistan .......................4.3 1.877 Guyana..........................4.3 1.578 Benin ............................4.3 1.579 Peru ..............................4.3 1.280 Philippines ....................4.2 1.581 China.............................4.2 1.482 Slovak Republic ............4.2 1.283 Malawi ..........................4.2 1.584 Latvia ............................4.2 1.485 Nicaragua......................4.2 1.586 Bahrain..........................4.2 2.087 Brazil .............................4.2 1.488 Nepal ............................4.1 1.689 Algeria...........................4.1 1.690 Armenia ........................4.1 1.791 Argentina ......................4.1 1.492 Lithuania .......................4.1 1.293 Kazakhstan....................4.0 1.594 Mauritania .....................4.0 2.095 Moldova........................3.9 1.696 Lesotho.........................3.9 1.597 Poland...........................3.9 0.998 Pakistan ........................3.8 1.599 Azerbaijan .....................3.8 1.6

100 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.7 1.7101 Mongolia .......................3.7 1.7102 Angola...........................3.7 1.4103 Zimbabwe.....................3.7 1.5104 Bulgaria .........................3.7 1.5105 Ethiopia .........................3.7 1.6106 Italy ...............................3.6 1.4107 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.6 1.7108 Chad .............................3.4 1.8109 Ecuador.........................3.4 1.3110 Bangladesh ...................3.3 1.6111 Kuwait...........................3.3 1.5112 Cameroon .....................3.3 1.6113 Suriname ......................3.3 1.4114 Ukraine .........................3.2 1.3115 Romania........................3.2 1.4116 Albania ..........................3.2 1.6117 Serbia and Montenegro..3.1 1.4118 Burundi .........................3.1 1.7119 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.1 1.2120 Russian Federation .......3.0 1.4121 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.8 1.3122 Venezuela .....................2.7 1.5123 Bolivia ...........................2.7 1.1124 Paraguay .......................2.7 1.4

2.03 Government prioritization of sustainable Travel & Tourism

Is your country’s government taking the necessary steps to ensure that the T&T sector is being developed in a sustainable way?(1 = no, development of the sector does not take into account issues related to environmental protection and sustainable development,7 = yes, sustainable development issues are at the core of the government’s strategy with regard to the industry’s development)


384

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| E

nviro

nmen

tal r

egul

atio

n

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 384

385

Pillar 3Safety and security

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 385


1 Finland ..........................6.3 1.32 Uruguay ........................6.2 1.53 Brazil .............................6.2 1.54 Hungary ........................6.2 1.45 Zimbabwe.....................6.1 1.46 Bosnia and Herzegovina .6.1 1.57 Slovak Republic ............6.1 1.58 Zambia ..........................6.1 1.49 Portugal ........................6.0 1.5

10 Austria ..........................6.0 1.410 Dominican Republic......6.0 1.212 Argentina ......................5.9 1.713 Costa Rica.....................5.9 1.414 Mauritius.......................5.9 1.315 Tunisia...........................5.9 1.416 New Zealand.................5.8 1.517 Gambia .........................5.8 1.518 Angola...........................5.8 1.719 Luxembourg .................5.8 1.620 Chile..............................5.8 1.721 Indonesia ......................5.8 1.322 Botswana......................5.7 1.822 Slovenia ........................5.7 1.924 Greece ..........................5.7 1.525 Hong Kong SAR............5.7 1.826 Sweden ........................5.7 2.027 Croatia ..........................5.7 1.928 Czech Republic .............5.6 1.529 Cameroon .....................5.6 1.930 Germany .......................5.6 1.231 Mongolia .......................5.6 2.032 Malta.............................5.6 1.733 Estonia ..........................5.6 1.934 Lithuania .......................5.6 1.835 Iceland ..........................5.6 2.336 Benin ............................5.5 1.837 Mauritania .....................5.4 2.138 Namibia.........................5.4 1.839 Armenia ........................5.4 1.940 Switzerland ...................5.4 1.641 Serbia and Montenegro..5.4 1.842 United Arab Emirates ...5.4 1.643 South Africa ..................5.4 1.643 Ukraine .........................5.4 1.845 Georgia .........................5.3 1.746 Norway .........................5.3 1.846 Qatar .............................5.3 1.548 Mali ...............................5.3 2.049 Ireland...........................5.3 2.050 Latvia ............................5.3 2.051 Mexico..........................5.3 1.752 Taiwan, China................5.3 2.153 Tanzania ........................5.3 1.754 Mozambique.................5.2 1.755 Burkina Faso .................5.2 1.856 Malawi ..........................5.2 2.157 Ethiopia .........................5.2 1.758 Ecuador.........................5.2 1.759 Lesotho.........................5.2 1.960 Romania........................5.2 2.061 Vietnam.........................5.2 2.062 Bolivia ...........................5.2 1.9


63 Korea, Rep. ...................5.2 1.664 Paraguay .......................5.1 1.965 Malaysia........................5.1 1.866 Panama.........................5.1 1.967 Madagascar ..................5.1 2.068 France...........................5.1 1.569 Barbados.......................5.1 1.869 Cyprus ..........................5.1 2.171 Kuwait...........................5.1 1.772 Nicaragua......................5.1 1.973 Jamaica.........................5.0 1.874 Canada..........................5.0 1.575 Denmark .......................5.0 1.676 Azerbaijan .....................5.0 2.277 Singapore......................5.0 1.578 Australia ........................5.0 1.579 Moldova........................4.9 1.980 Thailand ........................4.9 1.781 Italy ...............................4.9 1.782 Suriname ......................4.9 1.983 Netherlands ..................4.8 1.584 India ..............................4.8 1.685 Belgium ........................4.8 1.886 Guatemala ....................4.8 1.887 Cambodia......................4.7 1.888 Morocco .......................4.7 1.889 Kazakhstan....................4.6 1.990 Turkey ...........................4.6 1.791 Albania ..........................4.5 2.292 Honduras ......................4.5 2.193 Poland...........................4.5 1.494 Venezuela .....................4.5 2.095 Bulgaria .........................4.5 2.096 Jordan...........................4.4 1.897 Japan ............................4.4 1.798 Spain.............................4.4 1.999 Bahrain..........................4.3 1.9

100 Chad .............................4.3 2.2101 Peru ..............................4.3 1.8102 Egypt ............................4.3 2.2103 Russian Federation .......4.3 1.9104 China.............................4.2 1.7105 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.2 2.0106 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.2 2.0107 Tajikistan .......................4.2 2.2108 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.1 1.9109 El Salvador ....................3.8 1.6110 United States................3.8 1.7111 Burundi .........................3.8 2.4112 United Kingdom............3.8 1.7113 Bangladesh ...................3.8 1.9114 Algeria...........................3.7 2.2115 Nigeria ..........................3.7 2.0116 Guyana..........................3.6 1.9117 Kenya............................3.6 2.0118 Philippines ....................3.5 1.6119 Uganda .........................3.4 2.1120 Israel .............................3.2 1.4121 Pakistan ........................3.1 1.4122 Colombia.......................3.0 1.5123 Sri Lanka .......................2.6 1.7124 Nepal ............................1.7 1.0

3.01 Business costs of terrorism

The threat of terrorism in your country (1 = imposes significant costs on business, 7 = does not impose significant costs on business)


386

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| S

afet

y an

d se

curit

y

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 386


1 Finland ..........................6.6 0.72 Germany .......................6.5 0.63 Denmark .......................6.5 1.03 Singapore......................6.5 0.65 Switzerland ...................6.4 0.96 Iceland ..........................6.3 1.27 Norway .........................6.2 0.98 Austria ..........................6.2 0.99 Hong Kong SAR............6.2 1.1

10 Jordan...........................6.0 1.211 United Arab Emirates ...5.9 1.312 Australia ........................5.8 1.013 Netherlands ..................5.8 1.214 Canada..........................5.8 1.315 Luxembourg .................5.7 1.216 United States................5.7 1.417 Japan ............................5.7 1.218 France...........................5.6 1.419 Malaysia........................5.5 1.119 United Kingdom............5.5 1.521 Qatar .............................5.5 1.622 Spain.............................5.5 1.423 New Zealand.................5.5 1.424 Tunisia...........................5.5 1.325 Portugal ........................5.5 1.026 Kuwait...........................5.4 1.427 Sweden ........................5.4 1.528 Barbados.......................5.3 1.129 Ireland...........................5.3 1.430 Malta.............................5.3 1.331 Chile..............................5.2 1.432 Belgium ........................5.2 1.433 Algeria...........................5.1 1.534 Greece ..........................5.0 1.335 Morocco .......................5.0 1.736 Taiwan, China................5.0 1.437 Cyprus ..........................4.9 1.438 Estonia ..........................4.9 1.539 Korea, Rep. ...................4.9 1.440 Italy ...............................4.9 1.541 Thailand ........................4.8 1.342 Israel .............................4.6 1.543 Hungary ........................4.6 1.644 Panama.........................4.6 1.545 Egypt ............................4.5 1.846 Vietnam.........................4.5 1.547 Turkey ...........................4.5 1.448 India ..............................4.5 1.549 Slovak Republic ............4.5 1.350 Azerbaijan .....................4.4 1.951 Slovenia ........................4.4 1.752 Georgia .........................4.4 1.553 Colombia.......................4.4 1.454 Bahrain..........................4.4 2.055 Latvia ............................4.3 1.556 Mauritius.......................4.3 1.357 Mali ...............................4.3 1.958 Nicaragua......................4.3 1.859 Tajikistan .......................4.2 2.260 Ethiopia .........................4.2 1.661 Mauritania .....................4.2 1.762 Botswana......................4.1 1.6


63 Suriname ......................4.1 1.764 China.............................4.0 1.565 Costa Rica.....................4.0 1.566 Burkina Faso .................4.0 1.767 Zambia ..........................4.0 1.768 Albania ..........................3.9 1.669 Poland...........................3.9 1.070 Uruguay ........................3.9 1.571 Gambia .........................3.8 1.872 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.8 1.773 Czech Republic .............3.8 1.474 Armenia ........................3.8 1.975 Kazakhstan....................3.7 1.776 Lithuania .......................3.7 1.577 Croatia ..........................3.7 1.578 Serbia and Montenegro..3.7 1.779 Romania........................3.7 1.880 El Salvador ....................3.6 1.381 Malawi ..........................3.6 1.682 Tanzania ........................3.5 1.983 Madagascar ..................3.5 1.584 Philippines ....................3.5 1.485 Pakistan ........................3.5 1.686 Uganda .........................3.4 1.987 Ukraine .........................3.4 1.688 South Africa ..................3.3 1.589 Benin ............................3.3 1.890 Kenya............................3.3 1.891 Angola...........................3.3 1.592 Cameroon .....................3.3 1.893 Sri Lanka .......................3.3 1.694 Lesotho.........................3.2 1.695 Peru ..............................3.2 1.496 Burundi .........................3.2 1.897 Namibia.........................3.2 1.798 Moldova........................3.2 1.699 Indonesia ......................3.1 0.8

100 Cambodia......................3.1 1.6101 Nepal ............................3.1 1.7102 Honduras ......................3.1 1.5103 Dominican Republic......3.1 1.3104 Mexico..........................3.0 1.4105 Russian Federation .......3.0 1.6106 Mongolia .......................2.9 1.6107 Brazil .............................2.9 1.5108 Argentina ......................2.9 1.2109 Mozambique.................2.8 1.5110 Ecuador.........................2.8 1.5111 Paraguay .......................2.8 1.5112 Zimbabwe.....................2.8 1.5113 Jamaica.........................2.8 1.3114 Guatemala ....................2.8 1.3115 Nigeria ..........................2.7 1.7116 Bulgaria .........................2.7 1.4117 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.7 1.7118 Bangladesh ...................2.4 1.3119 Chad .............................2.3 1.5120 Bolivia ...........................2.3 1.1121 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.3 1.4122 Trinidad and Tobago ......2.2 1.5123 Venezuela .....................2.1 1.2124 Guyana..........................1.9 1.0

3.02 Reliability of police services

Police services (1 = cannot be relied upon to protect businesses from criminals, 7 = can be relied upon to protect businesses from criminals)


387

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| S

afet

y an

d se

curit

y

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 387


1 Iceland ..........................6.8 0.42 Finland ..........................6.7 0.73 Germany .......................6.6 0.74 Singapore......................6.6 0.75 Denmark .......................6.5 0.86 Austria ..........................6.4 0.97 Switzerland ...................6.4 1.08 Hong Kong SAR............6.4 1.09 Norway .........................6.4 0.8

10 Jordan...........................6.2 0.811 United Arab Emirates ...6.2 1.512 Japan ............................6.1 1.213 Qatar .............................6.0 1.414 Malta.............................6.0 1.015 Portugal ........................6.0 1.016 Greece ..........................5.9 1.017 New Zealand.................5.8 1.418 Sweden ........................5.8 1.119 Australia ........................5.7 1.320 Kuwait...........................5.6 1.621 Tunisia...........................5.6 1.422 Luxembourg .................5.6 1.523 Slovak Republic ............5.6 1.224 India ..............................5.6 1.525 Cyprus ..........................5.5 1.526 Azerbaijan .....................5.5 1.627 Slovenia ........................5.5 1.428 Indonesia ......................5.4 1.129 Canada..........................5.4 1.630 Taiwan, China................5.4 1.431 United Kingdom............5.3 1.432 Malaysia........................5.3 1.633 Estonia ..........................5.3 1.634 Hungary ........................5.2 1.435 Netherlands ..................5.2 1.436 Israel .............................5.2 1.537 Armenia ........................5.2 1.738 Belgium ........................5.1 1.539 Latvia ............................5.1 1.540 Thailand ........................5.0 1.441 Ireland...........................5.0 1.542 United States................5.0 1.643 Barbados.......................5.0 1.544 Morocco .......................5.0 1.845 France...........................5.0 1.646 Korea, Rep. ...................4.9 1.547 Bahrain..........................4.9 1.748 Egypt ............................4.8 1.849 Czech Republic .............4.8 1.650 Gambia .........................4.8 1.751 Turkey ...........................4.7 1.652 Mauritius.......................4.7 1.552 Spain.............................4.7 1.754 Georgia .........................4.6 1.455 Chile..............................4.6 1.756 Vietnam.........................4.6 1.757 Serbia and Montenegro..4.6 2.058 Mauritania .....................4.5 1.659 Lithuania .......................4.5 1.660 Italy ...............................4.4 1.861 Ethiopia .........................4.4 1.962 Poland...........................4.3 1.1


63 Croatia ..........................4.3 1.764 Philippines ....................4.2 1.665 Burkina Faso .................4.2 1.566 Botswana......................4.1 1.767 Kazakhstan....................4.1 1.768 Panama.........................4.1 1.869 Ukraine .........................4.0 1.770 China.............................4.0 1.771 Moldova........................3.9 1.872 Romania........................3.9 1.773 Tajikistan .......................3.9 2.074 Sri Lanka .......................3.9 1.775 Mongolia .......................3.8 1.876 Pakistan ........................3.8 1.477 Albania ..........................3.8 2.078 Nicaragua......................3.8 1.779 Mali ...............................3.8 2.280 Algeria...........................3.8 2.081 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.7 1.982 Russian Federation .......3.7 1.783 Uruguay ........................3.6 1.584 Namibia.........................3.6 1.885 Uganda .........................3.6 1.986 Tanzania ........................3.5 2.087 Malawi ..........................3.5 1.788 Benin ............................3.4 1.889 Nepal ............................3.4 1.790 Burundi .........................3.4 1.891 Cambodia......................3.3 1.692 Zimbabwe.....................3.3 1.793 Costa Rica.....................3.2 1.594 Suriname ......................3.2 1.895 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.2 1.696 Bolivia ...........................3.2 1.697 Bulgaria .........................3.2 1.798 Bangladesh ...................3.1 1.599 Dominican Republic......3.1 1.5

100 Cameroon .....................3.1 1.7101 Colombia.......................3.0 1.3102 Lesotho.........................3.0 1.6103 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.0 1.5104 Zambia ..........................3.0 1.4105 Argentina ......................2.9 1.2106 Nigeria ..........................2.9 1.8107 Madagascar ..................2.8 1.3108 Paraguay .......................2.8 1.5109 Mozambique.................2.7 1.4110 Ecuador.........................2.7 1.3111 Brazil .............................2.7 1.6112 South Africa ..................2.6 1.5113 Peru ..............................2.6 1.3114 Kenya............................2.5 1.5115 Angola...........................2.4 1.1116 Mexico..........................2.4 1.2117 Trinidad and Tobago ......2.3 1.7118 Chad .............................2.3 1.6119 Honduras ......................2.1 1.2120 Jamaica.........................2.1 1.2121 Guatemala ....................2.0 1.0122 El Salvador ....................1.9 0.9123 Venezuela .....................1.8 1.1124 Guyana..........................1.7 0.9

3.03 Business costs of crime and violence

The incidence of common crime and violence (e.g., street muggings, firms being looted) (1 = imposes significant costs on businesses, 7 = does not impose significant costs on businesses)


388

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| S

afet

y an

d se

curit

y

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 388

389

Pillar 4Health and hygiene

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:50 AM Page 389


1 Singapore......................6.2 0.72 Finland ..........................6.1 1.03 Tunisia...........................6.0 0.94 Hong Kong SAR............5.9 0.95 Iceland ..........................5.9 1.06 Norway .........................5.8 0.87 Hungary ........................5.7 1.08 Malaysia........................5.7 1.19 United Arab Emirates ...5.7 1.2

10 Denmark .......................5.7 1.111 Kuwait...........................5.7 1.412 France...........................5.6 1.313 Qatar .............................5.6 1.214 Japan ............................5.5 1.315 Vietnam.........................5.5 1.316 New Zealand.................5.4 1.017 Netherlands ..................5.4 1.218 Germany .......................5.4 1.219 Sweden ........................5.4 1.420 Switzerland ...................5.4 1.321 Belgium ........................5.3 1.222 Australia ........................5.3 1.023 Luxembourg .................5.3 1.424 China.............................5.3 1.225 Greece ..........................5.3 1.426 Malta.............................5.2 1.427 Taiwan, China................5.2 1.428 Austria ..........................5.2 1.429 Israel .............................5.1 1.330 Jordan...........................5.1 1.331 Barbados.......................5.1 1.332 Italy ...............................5.0 1.433 Botswana......................5.0 1.634 Thailand ........................5.0 1.335 Czech Republic .............5.0 1.336 Portugal ........................4.9 1.437 Croatia ..........................4.9 1.538 Mali ...............................4.9 1.839 Korea, Rep. ...................4.9 1.340 Bahrain..........................4.9 1.641 Canada..........................4.8 1.342 Morocco .......................4.8 1.643 Slovenia ........................4.8 1.344 Tanzania ........................4.7 1.445 Mexico..........................4.7 1.346 United Kingdom............4.7 1.547 Slovak Republic ............4.7 1.348 Algeria...........................4.7 1.749 Burkina Faso .................4.7 1.550 Mauritius.......................4.7 1.351 Cyprus ..........................4.6 1.652 Uganda .........................4.6 1.853 Chile..............................4.6 1.454 Nigeria ..........................4.5 1.855 Sri Lanka .......................4.5 1.655 Tajikistan .......................4.5 1.757 Gambia .........................4.5 1.658 Estonia ..........................4.5 1.359 Egypt ............................4.5 1.760 United States................4.5 1.561 Uruguay ........................4.5 1.562 Turkey ...........................4.4 1.5


63 Kazakhstan....................4.3 1.464 Spain.............................4.3 1.665 Benin ............................4.3 1.766 Colombia.......................4.3 1.467 Costa Rica.....................4.2 1.368 Lithuania .......................4.2 1.369 El Salvador ....................4.2 1.470 Mauritania .....................4.2 1.671 Kenya............................4.1 1.872 India ..............................4.1 1.573 Malawi ..........................4.1 1.774 Mozambique.................4.1 1.575 Latvia ............................4.1 1.576 Cambodia......................4.1 1.677 Mongolia .......................4.1 1.878 Serbia and Montenegro..4.1 1.579 Jamaica.........................4.1 1.580 Ireland...........................4.0 1.581 Panama.........................4.0 1.582 Philippines ....................4.0 1.783 Georgia .........................4.0 1.584 Guyana..........................3.9 1.585 Pakistan ........................3.9 1.486 Madagascar ..................3.9 1.687 Poland...........................3.9 1.188 Cameroon .....................3.7 1.689 Azerbaijan .....................3.7 1.690 Armenia ........................3.7 1.791 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.7 1.592 Ethiopia .........................3.7 1.692 Lesotho.........................3.7 1.894 Angola...........................3.7 1.595 Brazil .............................3.6 1.796 Moldova........................3.6 1.597 Romania........................3.6 1.598 Guatemala ....................3.6 1.499 Namibia.........................3.6 1.4

100 Indonesia ......................3.5 1.0101 South Africa ..................3.5 1.4102 Bulgaria .........................3.5 1.6103 Ukraine .........................3.5 1.5104 Albania ..........................3.5 1.7105 Honduras ......................3.4 1.4106 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.4 1.8107 Suriname ......................3.4 1.5108 Russian Federation .......3.4 1.7109 Burundi .........................3.3 1.9110 Peru ..............................3.2 1.0111 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.2 1.5111 Nicaragua......................3.2 1.4113 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.1 1.5114 Argentina ......................3.1 1.5115 Chad .............................3.1 1.8116 Bangladesh ...................3.0 1.5117 Bolivia ...........................3.0 1.4118 Zimbabwe.....................2.8 1.5119 Nepal ............................2.7 1.6120 Zambia ..........................2.6 1.4121 Venezuela .....................2.6 1.4122 Paraguay .......................2.6 1.3123 Dominican Republic......2.5 1.3124 Ecuador.........................2.4 1.2

4.01 Government efforts to reduce health risks from pandemics

Do you believe that your government is taking the right steps to minimize the health risks and disruptions to business/travel potentiallycaused by pandemics? (1 = no, the government is taking no steps, 7 = yes, the government is undertaking all possible measures)


390

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

ealth

and

hyg

iene

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 390


1 Belgium .................................4.52 Estonia...................................4.53 Greece...................................4.44 Russian Federation................4.35 Italy........................................4.26 Georgia ..................................4.17 Lithuania ................................4.08 Israel......................................3.89 Uruguay .................................3.7

10 Iceland...................................3.611 Switzerland............................3.612 Armenia .................................3.613 Bulgaria..................................3.614 Azerbaijan ..............................3.615 Kazakhstan ............................3.516 Czech Republic......................3.517 Portugal .................................3.418 Austria ...................................3.419 France....................................3.419 Germany................................3.421 Hungary .................................3.322 Spain......................................3.323 Sweden .................................3.324 Malta .....................................3.224 Slovak Republic .....................3.226 Finland...................................3.227 Netherlands ...........................3.228 Norway..................................3.129 Argentina ...............................3.029 Latvia .....................................3.031 Ukraine ..................................3.032 Denmark................................2.933 Ireland....................................2.834 Luxembourg ..........................2.735 Moldova.................................2.636 Mongolia................................2.637 United States ........................2.638 Kyrgyz Republic.....................2.539 Australia.................................2.539 Poland....................................2.541 Croatia ...................................2.442 New Zealand .........................2.443 Cyprus ...................................2.344 United Kingdom ....................2.345 Slovenia .................................2.346 Qatar......................................2.247 Macedonia, FYR ....................2.248 Canada...................................2.149 Serbia and Montenegro.........2.150 Jordan....................................2.050 Tajikistan................................2.052 United Arab Emirates ............2.053 Japan.....................................2.053 Mexico...................................2.055 Venezuela ..............................1.956 Romania ................................1.957 Dominican Republic ..............1.958 Korea, Rep.............................1.659 Kuwait ...................................1.560 Panama..................................1.561 Taiwan, China ........................1.562 Ecuador .................................1.5


63 Singapore ..............................1.464 Colombia ...............................1.464 Turkey....................................1.466 Bosnia and Herzegovina........1.366 Tunisia ...................................1.368 Costa Rica .............................1.369 Albania...................................1.370 El Salvador.............................1.271 Bolivia ....................................1.272 Barbados ...............................1.273 Peru .......................................1.274 Brazil......................................1.275 Algeria ...................................1.176 Paraguay................................1.177 Bahrain ..................................1.177 Chile ......................................1.179 China .....................................1.179 Mauritius ...............................1.181 Guatemala .............................0.982 Jamaica .................................0.983 Trinidad and Tobago...............0.884 South Africa...........................0.885 Pakistan .................................0.786 Malaysia ................................0.787 India.......................................0.688 Philippines .............................0.689 Honduras ...............................0.690 Sri Lanka................................0.691 Egypt .....................................0.592 Vietnam .................................0.593 Morocco ................................0.594 Guyana ..................................0.595 Suriname ...............................0.596 Botswana ..............................0.497 Nicaragua...............................0.497 Thailand .................................0.499 Namibia .................................0.3

100 Madagascar ...........................0.3101 Nigeria ...................................0.3102 Bangladesh............................0.3103 Nepal .....................................0.2104 Cameroon..............................0.2105 Cambodia ..............................0.2105 Zimbabwe..............................0.2107 Kenya.....................................0.1108 Indonesia ...............................0.1109 Zambia...................................0.1110 Gambia ..................................0.1110 Mauritania..............................0.1112 Angola ...................................0.1112 Mali........................................0.1112 Uganda ..................................0.1115 Burkina Faso..........................0.1116 Lesotho .................................0.1117 Benin .....................................0.0117 Chad ......................................0.0119 Burundi ..................................0.0119 Ethiopia..................................0.0119 Mozambique..........................0.0122 Malawi...................................0.0122 Tanzania.................................0.0n/a Hong Kong SAR.....................n/a

4.02 Physician density

Physician density per 1,000 population, 2004 or most recent year available

SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006 and The World Health Report 2006

391

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

ealth

and

hyg

iene

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 391


1 Australia.............................100.01 Austria ...............................100.01 Bahrain ..............................100.01 Belgium .............................100.01 Bulgaria..............................100.01 Canada...............................100.01 Cyprus ...............................100.01 Denmark............................100.01 Finland...............................100.01 France................................100.01 Germany............................100.01 Greece...............................100.01 Hong Kong SAR ................100.01 Iceland...............................100.01 Ireland................................100.01 Israel..................................100.01 Italy....................................100.01 Japan.................................100.01 Kuwait ...............................100.01 Luxembourg ......................100.01 Netherlands .......................100.01 New Zealand .....................100.01 Norway..............................100.01 Portugal .............................100.01 Qatar..................................100.01 Singapore ..........................100.01 Slovak Republic .................100.01 Slovenia .............................100.01 Spain..................................100.01 Sweden .............................100.01 Switzerland........................100.01 Trinidad and Tobago...........100.01 United Arab Emirates ........100.01 United Kingdom ................100.01 United States ....................100.0

36 Barbados .............................99.036 Mauritius .............................99.036 Thailand ...............................99.036 Ukraine ................................99.040 Hungary ...............................95.041 Uruguay ...............................94.042 Bosnia and Herzegovina......93.042 Jordan..................................93.042 Suriname .............................93.045 Algeria .................................92.045 Chile ....................................92.045 Costa Rica ...........................92.048 Sri Lanka..............................91.049 Albania.................................89.050 Russian Federation..............87.050 Serbia and Montenegro.......87.052 Colombia .............................86.053 Armenia ...............................84.054 Georgia ................................83.054 Turkey..................................83.056 Jamaica ...............................80.056 Tunisia .................................80.058 Paraguay..............................78.059 Mexico.................................77.060 Brazil....................................75.061 Philippines ...........................73.062 Ecuador ...............................72.0


62 Kazakhstan ..........................72.062 Panama................................72.065 Guyana ................................70.066 Egypt ...................................68.066 Honduras .............................68.066 Moldova...............................68.066 Venezuela ............................68.070 South Africa.........................67.071 Nicaragua.............................66.072 El Salvador...........................63.073 Peru .....................................62.074 Guatemala ...........................61.074 Morocco ..............................61.076 Kyrgyz Republic...................60.077 Mongolia..............................59.078 Dominican Republic ............57.078 Zimbabwe............................57.080 Azerbaijan ............................55.081 Pakistan ...............................54.082 Gambia ................................53.082 Tajikistan..............................53.084 Indonesia .............................52.085 Romania ..............................51.086 Bangladesh..........................48.086 Cameroon............................48.086 Kenya...................................48.089 Malawi.................................46.089 Tanzania...............................46.091 Bolivia ..................................45.091 Mali......................................45.091 Zambia.................................45.094 China ...................................44.095 Mauritania............................42.096 Botswana ............................41.096 Uganda ................................41.096 Vietnam ...............................41.099 Nigeria .................................38.0

100 Lesotho ...............................37.0101 Burundi ................................36.0102 Madagascar .........................33.0103 Benin ...................................32.0104 Angola .................................30.0104 India.....................................30.0104 Namibia ...............................30.0107 Mozambique........................27.0107 Nepal ...................................27.0109 Cambodia ............................16.0110 Burkina Faso........................12.0111 Chad ......................................8.0112 Ethiopia..................................6.0n/a Argentina ...............................n/an/a Croatia ...................................n/an/a Czech Republic......................n/an/a Estonia...................................n/an/a Korea, Rep.............................n/an/a Latvia .....................................n/an/a Lithuania ................................n/an/a Macedonia, FYR ....................n/an/a Malaysia.................................n/an/a Malta......................................n/an/a Poland....................................n/an/a Taiwan, China ........................n/a

4.03 Access to improved sanitation

Access to adequate sanitation facilities as a percentage of total population

SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 (published version)

392

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

ealth

and

hyg

iene

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 392


1 Australia.............................100.01 Austria ...............................100.01 Barbados ...........................100.01 Belgium .............................100.01 Bulgaria..............................100.01 Canada...............................100.01 Cyprus ...............................100.01 Denmark............................100.01 Finland...............................100.01 France................................100.01 Germany............................100.01 Greece...............................100.01 Hong Kong SAR ................100.01 Iceland...............................100.01 Ireland................................100.01 Israel..................................100.01 Italy....................................100.01 Japan.................................100.01 Kuwait ...............................100.01 Luxembourg ......................100.01 Malta .................................100.01 Mauritius ...........................100.01 Netherlands .......................100.01 New Zealand .....................100.01 Norway..............................100.01 Portugal .............................100.01 Qatar..................................100.01 Singapore ..........................100.01 Slovak Republic .................100.01 Slovenia .............................100.01 Spain..................................100.01 Sweden .............................100.01 Switzerland........................100.01 United Arab Emirates ........100.01 United Kingdom ................100.01 United States ....................100.0

37 Hungary ...............................99.038 Bosnia and Herzegovina......98.038 Egypt ...................................98.038 Ukraine ................................98.038 Uruguay ...............................98.042 Albania.................................97.042 Costa Rica ...........................97.044 Russian Federation..............96.045 Botswana ............................95.045 Chile ....................................95.045 Guatemala ...........................95.045 Malaysia ..............................95.049 Dominican Republic ............93.049 Jamaica ...............................93.049 Serbia and Montenegro.......93.049 Turkey..................................93.053 Armenia ...............................92.053 Colombia .............................92.053 Korea, Rep...........................92.053 Moldova...............................92.053 Suriname .............................92.058 Jordan..................................91.058 Mexico.................................91.058 Panama................................91.058 Trinidad and Tobago.............91.062 Honduras .............................90.0


62 Pakistan ...............................90.064 Brazil....................................89.065 Algeria .................................87.065 South Africa.........................87.067 Ecuador ...............................86.067 India.....................................86.067 Kazakhstan ..........................86.070 Bolivia ..................................85.070 Philippines ...........................85.070 Thailand ...............................85.073 Nepal ...................................84.074 Guyana ................................83.074 Paraguay..............................83.074 Venezuela ............................83.074 Zimbabwe............................83.078 El Salvador...........................82.078 Gambia ................................82.078 Tunisia .................................82.081 Nicaragua.............................81.081 Peru .....................................81.083 Morocco ..............................80.083 Namibia ...............................80.083 Vietnam ...............................80.086 Burundi ................................79.087 Indonesia .............................78.087 Sri Lanka..............................78.089 Azerbaijan ............................77.089 China ...................................77.091 Georgia ................................76.091 Kyrgyz Republic...................76.091 Lesotho ...............................76.094 Bangladesh..........................75.095 Tanzania...............................73.096 Benin ...................................68.097 Malawi.................................67.098 Cameroon............................63.099 Kenya...................................62.099 Mongolia..............................62.0

101 Nigeria .................................60.0102 Tajikistan..............................58.0103 Romania ..............................57.0104 Mauritania............................56.0104 Uganda ................................56.0106 Zambia.................................55.0107 Burkina Faso........................51.0108 Angola .................................50.0109 Mali......................................48.0110 Madagascar .........................45.0111 Mozambique........................42.0112 Cambodia ............................34.0112 Chad ....................................34.0114 Ethiopia................................22.0n/a Argentina ...............................n/an/a Bahrain...................................n/an/a Croatia ...................................n/an/a Czech Republic......................n/an/a Estonia...................................n/an/a Latvia .....................................n/an/a Lithuania ................................n/an/a Macedonia, FYR ....................n/an/a Poland....................................n/an/a Taiwan, China ........................n/a

4.04 Access to improved drinking water

Access to safe drinking water as a percentage of total population

SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2005 (published version)

393

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

ealth

and

hyg

iene

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 393

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 394

395

Pillar 5Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 395


1 Mauritius.......................6.5 0.82 Barbados.......................6.3 0.93 Cyprus ..........................6.1 1.14 United Arab Emirates ...6.1 1.15 Hong Kong SAR............6.0 0.96 Singapore......................6.0 0.97 Cambodia......................5.9 1.08 Malaysia........................5.9 0.89 Gambia .........................5.9 1.3

10 Tunisia...........................5.9 0.911 Zambia ..........................5.8 1.012 New Zealand.................5.8 0.813 Ireland...........................5.6 1.414 Thailand ........................5.6 1.015 Jamaica.........................5.6 1.316 Morocco .......................5.5 1.717 Spain.............................5.5 1.218 Greece ..........................5.5 1.219 Portugal ........................5.5 0.920 South Africa ..................5.4 1.321 Malta.............................5.4 1.322 Jordan...........................5.4 1.323 Austria ..........................5.4 1.124 Qatar .............................5.3 1.125 Botswana......................5.3 1.226 Tanzania ........................5.3 1.327 Sri Lanka .......................5.3 1.428 Australia ........................5.3 1.029 Madagascar ..................5.3 1.430 Egypt ............................5.2 1.531 Switzerland ...................5.2 1.332 Dominican Republic......5.1 1.333 Mauritania .....................5.1 1.634 Indonesia ......................5.1 0.935 Kenya............................5.1 1.636 France...........................5.0 1.537 Croatia ..........................5.0 1.538 Iceland ..........................5.0 1.239 Mexico..........................5.0 1.240 Mozambique.................4.9 1.241 Uganda .........................4.9 1.742 Mali ...............................4.9 1.743 Georgia .........................4.8 1.544 Honduras ......................4.8 1.645 Uruguay ........................4.8 1.546 Namibia.........................4.8 1.647 Nepal ............................4.8 1.748 Guatemala ....................4.8 1.449 China.............................4.8 1.550 Hungary ........................4.8 1.251 Guyana..........................4.8 1.452 Armenia ........................4.8 1.652 Costa Rica.....................4.8 1.654 Israel .............................4.7 1.355 Panama.........................4.7 1.556 Estonia ..........................4.7 1.357 Nicaragua......................4.7 1.658 Bulgaria .........................4.7 1.659 India ..............................4.7 1.460 Bahrain..........................4.7 1.661 Canada..........................4.7 1.261 Vietnam.........................4.7 1.2


63 United Kingdom............4.6 1.464 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.6 1.865 Norway .........................4.6 1.366 Denmark .......................4.6 1.367 Mongolia .......................4.5 1.568 Tajikistan .......................4.5 2.069 Argentina ......................4.5 1.369 El Salvador ....................4.5 1.471 Philippines ....................4.5 1.472 Burkina Faso .................4.4 2.073 Turkey ...........................4.4 1.374 Taiwan, China................4.4 1.375 Nigeria ..........................4.3 1.976 Peru ..............................4.3 1.477 Slovenia ........................4.2 1.578 Colombia.......................4.1 1.479 Netherlands ..................4.1 1.480 Sweden ........................4.0 1.381 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.0 1.782 Algeria...........................4.0 1.983 Malawi ..........................4.0 1.484 United States................4.0 1.485 Azerbaijan .....................3.9 1.686 Albania ..........................3.9 2.087 Belgium ........................3.9 1.388 Korea, Rep. ...................3.9 1.289 Benin ............................3.9 1.790 Kazakhstan....................3.9 1.791 Zimbabwe.....................3.8 1.392 Italy ...............................3.8 1.793 Chile..............................3.8 1.394 Brazil .............................3.8 1.595 Czech Republic .............3.7 1.396 Latvia ............................3.7 1.597 Luxembourg .................3.7 1.798 Japan ............................3.6 1.499 Slovak Republic ............3.6 1.3

100 Finland ..........................3.6 1.2101 Serbia and Montenegro..3.5 1.9102 Lesotho.........................3.5 1.7103 Suriname ......................3.5 1.4104 Poland...........................3.5 1.1105 Pakistan ........................3.5 1.6106 Ethiopia .........................3.4 1.6107 Romania........................3.4 1.5108 Lithuania .......................3.4 1.3109 Moldova........................3.4 1.6110 Angola...........................3.4 1.6111 Germany .......................3.4 1.6112 Bangladesh ...................3.2 1.7113 Ecuador.........................3.1 1.3114 Ukraine .........................3.1 1.6115 Cameroon .....................3.1 1.9116 Chad .............................2.8 1.9117 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.8 1.4118 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.8 1.4119 Kuwait...........................2.7 1.6120 Russian Federation .......2.6 1.5121 Paraguay .......................2.6 1.3122 Bolivia ...........................2.6 1.2123 Burundi .........................2.5 1.6124 Venezuela .....................2.4 1.5

5.01 Government prioritization of the T&T industry

Is the T&T industry given due consideration/priority compared with other sectors when your government sets policy on investment and development? (1 = no, the T&T industry is not a priority for the government, 7 = yes, nurturing and developing T&T industry is a toppriority for the government)


396

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

riorit

izatio

n of

Tra

vel &

Tou

rism

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 396


1 Dominican Republic ............20.92 Jamaica ...............................16.73 Mauritius .............................15.84 Barbados .............................15.65 Iceland.................................13.06 Malta ...................................11.37 Jordan..................................10.38 Singapore ............................10.19 Gambia ..................................9.3

10 Cyprus ...................................9.211 Cambodia ..............................9.112 Indonesia ...............................8.913 Estonia...................................8.114 Paraguay................................7.915 Hong Kong SAR ....................7.515 Switzerland............................7.517 Tunisia ...................................7.218 Kenya.....................................6.919 Egypt .....................................6.620 Portugal .................................6.521 Spain......................................6.422 Costa Rica .............................6.123 Guyana ..................................5.924 Norway..................................5.524 Tanzania.................................5.526 Madagascar ...........................5.426 Qatar......................................5.428 Hungary .................................5.229 United States ........................5.130 Nepal .....................................5.030 Ukraine ..................................5.030 Uruguay .................................5.033 Austria ...................................4.833 Mexico...................................4.833 Panama..................................4.836 Guatemala .............................4.637 Sri Lanka................................4.438 Slovenia .................................4.239 Chile ......................................4.139 Japan.....................................4.139 Trinidad and Tobago...............4.142 Canada...................................4.042 Honduras ...............................4.044 Albania...................................3.844 Australia.................................3.844 Bahrain ..................................3.844 Chad ......................................3.844 China .....................................3.849 Czech Republic......................3.749 Ecuador .................................3.749 Greece...................................3.749 Namibia .................................3.753 Ireland....................................3.654 Italy........................................3.554 New Zealand .........................3.554 Philippines .............................3.554 Venezuela ..............................3.558 Romania ................................3.459 Belgium .................................3.259 Bulgaria..................................3.259 France....................................3.262 Bolivia ....................................3.1


62 Finland...................................3.164 Benin .....................................3.064 Latvia .....................................3.064 Lithuania ................................3.067 United Kingdom ....................2.968 Brazil......................................2.869 Peru .......................................2.769 Poland....................................2.769 Russian Federation................2.769 Thailand .................................2.773 Denmark................................2.573 El Salvador.............................2.573 Korea, Rep.............................2.573 Luxembourg ..........................2.577 Argentina ...............................2.478 Botswana ..............................2.378 Ethiopia..................................2.378 Uganda ..................................2.378 Zimbabwe..............................2.382 Germany................................2.282 Netherlands ...........................2.282 Sweden .................................2.285 Bangladesh............................2.185 Israel......................................2.185 Nicaragua...............................2.185 Slovak Republic .....................2.185 Zambia...................................2.190 Colombia ...............................2.091 Burkina Faso..........................1.991 Pakistan .................................1.991 United Arab Emirates ............1.994 Cameroon..............................1.794 Malaysia ................................1.794 Mali........................................1.794 Suriname ...............................1.794 Taiwan, China ........................1.799 Croatia ...................................1.499 Vietnam .................................1.4

101 Macedonia, FYR ....................1.3101 Malawi...................................1.3103 Kuwait ...................................1.2103 Lesotho .................................1.2105 Algeria ...................................1.1105 Angola ...................................1.1105 Bosnia and Herzegovina........1.1108 India.......................................0.9109 Burundi ..................................0.7110 Turkey....................................0.6111 South Africa...........................0.5112 Nigeria ...................................0.3n/a Armenia .................................n/an/a Azerbaijan ..............................n/an/a Georgia ..................................n/an/a Kazakhstan.............................n/an/a Kyrgyz Republic .....................n/an/a Mauritania..............................n/an/a Moldova.................................n/an/a Mongolia................................n/an/a Morocco ................................n/an/a Mozambique..........................n/an/a Serbia and Montenegro.........n/an/a Tajikistan ................................n/a

5.02 T&T government expenditure

T&T government expenditure as percentage of total budget, 2005

SOURCE: World Travel & Tourism Council, Tourism Satellite Accounting Research 2006

397

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

riorit

izatio

n of

Tra

vel &

Tou

rism

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 397


1 United Arab Emirates ...6.2 1.12 New Zealand.................5.9 0.83 Singapore......................5.9 1.04 Hong Kong SAR............5.9 0.95 Barbados.......................5.8 1.16 Malaysia........................5.8 1.07 Austria ..........................5.7 1.18 Iceland ..........................5.6 0.79 Ireland...........................5.5 1.3

10 Jamaica.........................5.5 1.211 Thailand ........................5.5 1.112 Spain.............................5.5 1.113 Australia ........................5.5 1.014 Tunisia...........................5.4 0.915 Indonesia ......................5.4 1.116 South Africa ..................5.4 0.917 Portugal ........................5.4 0.718 Cyprus ..........................5.4 1.219 Morocco .......................5.3 1.520 Mali ...............................5.3 1.621 Gambia .........................5.3 1.422 Mauritius.......................5.3 1.123 Zambia ..........................5.3 1.224 Switzerland ...................5.3 1.125 Mexico..........................5.2 1.126 Kenya............................5.2 1.427 Namibia.........................5.1 1.128 France...........................5.1 1.329 United Kingdom............5.1 1.330 Cambodia......................5.0 1.731 Mauritania .....................5.0 1.732 Greece ..........................5.0 1.133 Tanzania ........................4.9 1.434 Madagascar ..................4.9 1.435 Israel .............................4.9 1.136 Egypt ............................4.9 1.537 Croatia ..........................4.8 1.638 Costa Rica.....................4.8 1.438 Norway .........................4.8 1.140 Burkina Faso .................4.8 1.841 Denmark .......................4.8 1.442 Estonia ..........................4.7 1.243 Panama.........................4.7 1.344 Uganda .........................4.7 1.645 Dominican Republic......4.7 1.446 Canada..........................4.7 1.347 Peru ..............................4.6 1.248 Jordan...........................4.6 1.349 Botswana......................4.6 1.650 Guatemala ....................4.5 1.451 Sri Lanka .......................4.5 1.652 Netherlands ..................4.5 1.353 Nicaragua......................4.5 1.554 United States................4.5 1.455 Malta.............................4.5 1.456 Vietnam.........................4.5 1.457 China.............................4.4 1.458 Uruguay ........................4.4 1.359 India ..............................4.4 1.360 Qatar .............................4.4 1.460 Taiwan, China................4.4 1.162 Honduras ......................4.3 1.5


63 Nigeria ..........................4.3 1.864 Germany .......................4.3 1.365 Turkey ...........................4.2 1.466 Luxembourg .................4.2 1.667 Colombia.......................4.2 1.468 Finland ..........................4.1 1.269 Belgium ........................4.1 1.370 Philippines ....................4.1 1.471 Hungary ........................4.1 1.372 Nepal ............................4.1 1.573 Korea, Rep. ...................4.1 1.274 Guyana..........................4.0 1.575 Argentina ......................4.0 1.476 El Salvador ....................4.0 1.377 Chile..............................3.9 1.378 Sweden ........................3.9 1.379 Czech Republic .............3.9 1.380 Japan ............................3.8 1.381 Benin ............................3.8 1.782 Mozambique.................3.8 1.583 Bulgaria .........................3.8 1.584 Latvia ............................3.7 1.485 Brazil .............................3.7 1.586 Poland...........................3.7 1.087 Slovenia ........................3.6 1.488 Tajikistan .......................3.6 2.089 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.6 1.690 Kazakhstan....................3.6 1.691 Azerbaijan .....................3.5 1.692 Armenia ........................3.5 1.793 Italy ...............................3.4 1.694 Algeria...........................3.4 1.795 Lithuania .......................3.4 1.396 Georgia .........................3.4 1.597 Suriname ......................3.4 1.498 Serbia and Montenegro..3.3 1.699 Ethiopia .........................3.3 1.4

100 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.3 1.5101 Malawi ..........................3.3 1.6102 Zimbabwe.....................3.3 1.4103 Ecuador.........................3.2 1.3104 Lesotho.........................3.2 1.4105 Ukraine .........................3.2 1.5106 Pakistan ........................3.2 1.5107 Bahrain..........................3.2 1.6108 Slovak Republic ............3.1 1.2109 Moldova........................3.1 1.5110 Mongolia .......................3.1 1.5111 Romania........................2.9 1.3112 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.8 1.4113 Russian Federation .......2.8 1.3114 Cameroon .....................2.7 1.5115 Angola...........................2.6 1.4116 Kuwait...........................2.6 1.7117 Bangladesh ...................2.6 1.5118 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.6 1.2119 Chad .............................2.5 1.9120 Albania ..........................2.5 1.3121 Bolivia ...........................2.4 1.1122 Paraguay .......................2.4 1.2123 Burundi .........................2.3 1.2124 Venezuela .....................2.0 1.1

5.03 Effectiveness of marketing and branding to attract tourists

Does your country carry out effective marketing and branding to attract inbound tourists? (1 = no, tourism marketing is nonexistent orcompletely ineffective, 7 = yes, tourism marketing is excellent and is very effective in attracting tourists)


398

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

riorit

izatio

n of

Tra

vel &

Tou

rism

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 398


1 Poland..................................10.02 Malaysia ................................9.02 Spain......................................9.04 Austria ...................................8.04 Canada...................................8.04 China .....................................8.04 Egypt .....................................8.04 France....................................8.04 Germany................................8.04 Greece...................................8.04 India.......................................8.04 Thailand .................................8.04 Tunisia ...................................8.04 Turkey....................................8.0

15 Bulgaria..................................7.015 Czech Republic......................7.015 Ireland....................................7.015 Italy........................................7.015 Korea, Rep.............................7.015 Switzerland............................7.015 United Arab Emirates ............7.015 United Kingdom ....................7.023 Argentina ...............................6.023 Australia.................................6.023 Brazil......................................6.023 Finland...................................6.023 Indonesia ...............................6.023 Japan.....................................6.023 Kenya.....................................6.023 Malta .....................................6.023 Mexico...................................6.023 Morocco ................................6.023 Romania ................................6.023 Russian Federation................6.035 Bolivia ....................................5.035 Cambodia ..............................5.035 Costa Rica .............................5.035 Croatia ...................................5.035 Cyprus ...................................5.035 Guatemala .............................5.035 Hungary .................................5.035 Israel......................................5.035 Peru .......................................5.035 South Africa...........................5.035 Sri Lanka................................5.035 Tanzania.................................5.035 United States ........................5.048 Chile ......................................4.048 Dominican Republic ..............4.048 Ecuador .................................4.048 Estonia...................................4.048 Ethiopia..................................4.048 Georgia ..................................4.048 Guyana ..................................4.048 Hong Kong SAR ....................4.048 Jordan....................................4.048 Lithuania ................................4.048 Luxembourg ..........................4.048 Mongolia................................4.048 Nepal .....................................4.048 Portugal .................................4.048 Singapore ..............................4.0


48 Slovak Republic .....................4.048 Taiwan, China ........................4.048 Trinidad and Tobago...............4.048 Uruguay .................................4.048 Venezuela ..............................4.048 Vietnam .................................4.048 Zambia...................................4.070 Algeria ...................................3.070 Armenia .................................3.070 Azerbaijan ..............................3.070 Bahrain ..................................3.070 Belgium .................................3.070 Iceland...................................3.070 Jamaica .................................3.070 Latvia .....................................3.070 Mali........................................3.070 New Zealand .........................3.070 Nigeria ...................................3.070 Norway..................................3.070 Paraguay................................3.070 Philippines .............................3.070 Qatar......................................3.070 Serbia and Montenegro.........3.070 Slovenia .................................3.070 Sweden .................................3.070 Ukraine ..................................3.070 Zimbabwe..............................3.090 Albania...................................2.090 Colombia ...............................2.090 Denmark................................2.090 Gambia ..................................2.090 Honduras ...............................2.090 Kazakhstan ............................2.090 Kuwait ...................................2.090 Kyrgyz Republic.....................2.090 Mauritius ...............................2.090 Mozambique..........................2.090 Netherlands ...........................2.090 Nicaragua...............................2.090 Pakistan .................................2.090 Panama..................................2.090 Uganda ..................................2.0

105 Angola ...................................1.0105 Bangladesh............................1.0105 Barbados ...............................1.0105 Botswana ..............................1.0105 Cameroon..............................1.0105 El Salvador.............................1.0105 Lesotho .................................1.0105 Macedonia, FYR ....................1.0105 Madagascar ...........................1.0105 Mauritania..............................1.0105 Moldova.................................1.0105 Namibia .................................1.0117 Benin .....................................0.0117 Bosnia and Herzegovina........0.0117 Burkina Faso..........................0.0117 Burundi ..................................0.0117 Chad ......................................0.0117 Malawi...................................0.0117 Suriname ...............................0.0117 Tajikistan................................0.0

5.04 T&T fair attendance

Index of country presence at 12 major T&T fairs, 2005–06


399

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

riorit

izatio

n of

Tra

vel &

Tou

rism

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 399

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 400

401

Pillar 6Air transport infrastructure

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 401


1 Singapore......................6.9 0.32 Germany .......................6.7 0.53 Hong Kong SAR............6.7 0.94 Netherlands ..................6.6 0.75 France...........................6.5 0.76 United Kingdom............6.5 0.77 United Arab Emirates ...6.5 0.98 Japan ............................6.4 0.79 Denmark .......................6.3 0.8

10 Finland ..........................6.3 0.911 United States................6.2 1.112 Barbados.......................6.0 0.713 Iceland ..........................6.0 0.814 Switzerland ...................6.0 1.015 Australia ........................6.0 0.816 Malaysia........................6.0 0.817 Canada..........................6.0 1.118 Belgium ........................6.0 1.119 Norway .........................5.9 0.920 Taiwan, China................5.8 0.921 Sweden ........................5.8 0.922 South Africa ..................5.8 0.923 Spain.............................5.7 0.924 Portugal ........................5.7 1.125 El Salvador ....................5.7 0.926 Israel .............................5.7 1.427 Austria ..........................5.7 1.228 New Zealand.................5.7 1.029 Chile..............................5.6 0.930 Ireland...........................5.6 1.131 Thailand ........................5.5 1.032 Korea, Rep. ...................5.5 0.933 Jamaica.........................5.5 1.234 Dominican Republic......5.5 1.035 Qatar .............................5.4 1.436 Greece ..........................5.4 1.037 Bahrain..........................5.4 1.338 Luxembourg .................5.3 1.138 Mauritius.......................5.3 0.840 Malta.............................5.3 0.941 Latvia ............................5.2 1.342 Panama.........................5.2 1.443 Azerbaijan .....................5.1 1.444 Estonia ..........................5.1 1.245 Czech Republic .............5.1 1.246 India ..............................5.1 1.147 Kuwait...........................5.0 1.448 Jordan...........................5.0 1.349 Tunisia...........................5.0 1.050 Kenya............................5.0 1.451 Namibia.........................4.9 1.252 Cyprus ..........................4.9 1.453 Colombia.......................4.9 1.154 Turkey ...........................4.7 1.355 Mexico..........................4.7 1.256 Egypt ............................4.7 1.557 Brazil .............................4.6 1.358 Zambia ..........................4.6 1.759 Pakistan ........................4.6 1.260 Slovenia ........................4.6 1.261 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.6 1.362 Lithuania .......................4.5 1.2


63 Hungary ........................4.5 1.464 Ethiopia .........................4.5 1.665 Morocco .......................4.5 1.666 Guatemala ....................4.4 1.367 Italy ...............................4.4 1.568 Costa Rica.....................4.3 1.269 Russian Federation .......4.3 1.570 Croatia ..........................4.2 1.471 Ecuador.........................4.2 1.072 Kazakhstan....................4.1 1.673 Indonesia ......................4.1 0.874 Moldova........................4.1 1.475 Sri Lanka .......................4.1 1.676 Philippines ....................4.0 1.477 Honduras ......................4.0 1.478 Gambia .........................3.9 1.579 Venezuela .....................3.9 1.280 Cambodia......................3.9 1.481 Nicaragua......................3.8 1.482 Vietnam.........................3.8 1.383 Slovak Republic ............3.8 1.384 Argentina ......................3.8 1.285 Armenia ........................3.8 1.486 Poland...........................3.8 1.087 Botswana......................3.8 1.488 Tanzania ........................3.7 1.489 China.............................3.7 1.490 Romania........................3.6 1.491 Algeria...........................3.5 1.392 Bulgaria .........................3.5 1.493 Mozambique.................3.5 1.194 Nigeria ..........................3.5 1.995 Georgia .........................3.4 1.396 Uganda .........................3.3 1.697 Peru ..............................3.3 1.298 Nepal ............................3.3 1.499 Angola...........................3.3 1.4

100 Madagascar ..................3.2 1.4101 Uruguay ........................3.2 1.4102 Serbia and Montenegro..3.2 1.4103 Albania ..........................3.1 1.4104 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.1 1.6105 Guyana..........................3.0 1.3106 Ukraine .........................3.0 1.4107 Paraguay .......................3.0 1.3108 Bolivia ...........................2.9 1.2109 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.9 1.2110 Tajikistan .......................2.9 1.8111 Burkina Faso .................2.9 1.5112 Mongolia .......................2.8 1.3113 Malawi ..........................2.8 1.2114 Mali ...............................2.7 1.4115 Zimbabwe.....................2.6 1.3116 Benin ............................2.6 1.4117 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.5 1.4118 Mauritania .....................2.5 1.5119 Suriname ......................2.5 1.2120 Bangladesh ...................2.5 1.4121 Burundi .........................2.4 1.4122 Cameroon .....................2.2 1.3123 Lesotho.........................2.2 1.4124 Chad .............................2.1 1.2

6.01 Quality of air transport infrastructure

Passenger air transport in your country is (1 = infrequent, limited and inefficient, 7 = as frequent, extensive, and efficient as the world’sbest)


402

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| A

ir tra

nspo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 402


1 United States ...............32,095.32 China ..............................5,923.33 United Kingdom .............5,688.74 Japan..............................5,246.25 Germany.........................3,990.66 France.............................3,119.77 Australia..........................2,772.48 Spain...............................2,728.19 Canada............................2,539.6

10 Singapore .......................1,793.311 Hong Kong SAR .............1,762.412 Italy.................................1,748.913 Brazil...............................1,723.414 Thailand ..........................1,699.415 India................................1,660.216 Russian Federation.........1,604.417 Netherlands ....................1,453.618 Mexico............................1,433.619 Korea, Rep......................1,384.520 United Arab Emirates .....1,277.621 Malaysia .........................1,011.222 South Africa.......................955.723 Taiwan, China ....................890.324 Indonesia ...........................768.425 New Zealand .....................658.326 Switzerland........................650.727 Turkey................................574.028 Argentina ...........................555.229 Philippines .........................548.530 Portugal .............................478.631 Greece...............................420.232 Austria ...............................391.433 Denmark............................374.334 Sweden .............................369.435 Egypt .................................351.436 Israel..................................350.237 Ireland................................322.438 Chile ..................................316.739 Norway..............................313.640 Pakistan .............................310.841 Vietnam .............................305.842 Belgium .............................295.643 Colombia ...........................279.044 Qatar..................................263.345 Finland...............................255.146 Peru ...................................234.847 Venezuela ..........................226.548 Dominican Republic ..........222.849 Morocco ............................191.050 Poland................................190.351 Kenya.................................182.752 Sri Lanka............................165.853 Czech Republic..................157.754 Kuwait ...............................156.055 Bahrain ..............................150.956 Mauritius ...........................137.157 Nigeria ...............................136.758 Bangladesh........................132.259 Hungary .............................129.460 Ecuador .............................124.661 Ukraine ..............................123.062 Cyprus ...............................122.3


63 Jamaica .............................121.764 Jordan................................108.665 Costa Rica .........................105.266 Panama..............................104.867 Kazakhstan ..........................93.868 Romania ..............................88.369 Barbados .............................83.670 Tunisia .................................82.471 Ethiopia................................80.072 Algeria .................................66.273 Iceland.................................63.974 El Salvador...........................58.775 Bolivia ..................................54.176 Bulgaria................................51.377 Guatemala ...........................45.478 Azerbaijan ............................44.979 Trinidad and Tobago.............44.680 Malta ...................................41.681 Serbia and Montenegro.......40.182 Tanzania...............................39.783 Angola .................................39.684 Nepal ...................................37.885 Latvia ...................................36.086 Armenia ...............................34.887 Madagascar .........................33.988 Croatia .................................33.289 Cambodia ............................32.890 Namibia ...............................32.391 Cameroon............................27.592 Kyrgyz Republic...................25.993 Lithuania ..............................23.094 Mozambique........................22.795 Zimbabwe............................22.396 Uruguay ...............................21.297 Slovak Republic ...................20.698 Mali......................................20.499 Honduras .............................19.5

100 Uganda ................................18.5101 Luxembourg ........................17.5102 Nicaragua.............................17.3103 Estonia.................................16.6104 Suriname .............................16.0105 Zambia.................................15.0106 Georgia ................................14.8107 Mongolia..............................14.3108 Slovenia ...............................13.5109 Paraguay..............................11.1110 Benin ...................................11.1111 Albania.................................11.0112 Tajikistan..............................10.0113 Mauritania..............................9.5114 Guyana ..................................7.9115 Burkina Faso..........................7.6116 Macedonia, FYR ....................7.4117 Moldova.................................7.0118 Chad ......................................6.7119 Malawi...................................6.3120 Botswana ..............................3.8121 Bosnia and Herzegovina........3.1122 Burundi ..................................1.7123 Gambia ..................................1.6124 Lesotho .................................0.2

6.02 Available seat kilometers

Scheduled available seat kilometers per week originating in country (in millions), August 2005 and February 2006 average

SOURCE: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser

403

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| A

ir tra

nspo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 403


1 Luxembourg ........................81.52 Norway................................66.83 New Zealand .......................66.04 Ireland..................................40.95 Iceland.................................39.46 Switzerland..........................38.07 Malta ...................................37.98 Qatar....................................31.39 Bahrain ................................28.9

10 United States ......................28.911 Trinidad and Tobago.............26.012 Sweden ...............................26.013 Finland.................................24.714 Denmark..............................20.315 United Arab Emirates ..........19.816 Australia...............................19.317 Belgium ...............................17.218 Singapore ............................17.219 Cyprus .................................17.020 United Kingdom ..................16.321 Austria .................................16.322 Netherlands .........................13.823 France..................................13.024 Spain....................................12.825 Zimbabwe............................10.726 Mauritius .............................10.427 Greece...................................9.628 Germany................................9.529 Portugal .................................9.130 Jamaica .................................8.931 Canada...................................8.932 Israel......................................8.333 Panama..................................7.934 Malaysia ................................7.335 Kuwait ...................................7.136 Italy........................................6.837 El Salvador.............................6.638 Costa Rica .............................6.639 Slovenia .................................6.640 Mongolia................................6.341 Estonia...................................6.342 Chile ......................................5.243 Japan.....................................5.044 Latvia .....................................4.845 Colombia ...............................4.446 Suriname ...............................4.347 Botswana ..............................4.348 Czech Republic......................4.349 Croatia ...................................4.150 Brazil......................................3.551 Hungary .................................3.252 Argentina ...............................3.153 Lithuania ................................2.954 Uruguay .................................2.855 Jordan....................................2.856 South Africa...........................2.857 Mexico...................................2.758 Namibia .................................2.759 Macedonia, FYR ....................2.360 Russian Federation................2.361 Bolivia ....................................2.362 Tunisia ...................................1.9


63 Poland....................................1.964 Thailand .................................1.665 Turkey....................................1.566 Algeria ...................................1.467 Morocco ................................1.468 Paraguay................................1.369 Ecuador .................................1.270 Madagascar ...........................1.271 Albania...................................1.172 Peru .......................................1.173 Bosnia and Herzegovina........1.074 Azerbaijan ..............................1.075 Kyrgyz Republic.....................1.076 Armenia .................................0.977 Romania ................................0.978 Bulgaria..................................0.979 Moldova.................................0.980 Ukraine ..................................0.881 Kenya.....................................0.782 Mauritania..............................0.783 Indonesia ...............................0.784 China .....................................0.685 Tajikistan................................0.686 Sri Lanka................................0.687 Kazakhstan ............................0.688 Guatemala .............................0.589 Philippines .............................0.590 Nepal .....................................0.491 Zambia...................................0.492 Vietnam .................................0.493 Georgia ..................................0.494 Guyana ..................................0.495 Ethiopia..................................0.496 Mozambique..........................0.497 Angola ...................................0.498 Malawi...................................0.499 Taiwan, China ........................0.3

100 Slovak Republic .....................0.3101 Pakistan .................................0.3102 Cameroon..............................0.3103 India.......................................0.2104 Burundi ..................................0.2105 Burkina Faso..........................0.1106 Tanzania.................................0.1107 Lesotho .................................0.1108 Benin .....................................0.1109 Nicaragua...............................0.1110 Chad ......................................0.1111 Nigeria ...................................0.1112 Mali........................................0.1113 Bangladesh............................0.0114 Dominican Republic ..............0.0115 Uganda ..................................0.0n/a Barbados................................n/an/a Cambodia...............................n/an/a Egypt .....................................n/an/a Gambia ..................................n/an/a Honduras ...............................n/an/a Hong Kong SAR.....................n/an/a Korea, Rep.............................n/an/a Serbia and Montenegro.........n/an/a Venezuela ..............................n/a

6.03 Departures per 1,000 population

Number of aircraft departures per 1,000 population, 2005


404

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| A

ir tra

nspo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 404


1 Iceland...............................330.32 Paraguay............................138.33 Bolivia ................................120.24 Suriname ...........................105.05 Namibia ...............................67.06 Guyana ................................64.07 Botswana ............................51.88 United States ......................50.29 Canada.................................40.4

10 Guatemala ...........................37.611 Costa Rica ...........................37.112 Argentina .............................33.713 Panama................................33.414 Zimbabwe............................33.215 Nicaragua.............................32.216 New Zealand .......................28.717 Bulgaria................................28.618 Lithuania ..............................28.419 Finland.................................28.320 Sweden ...............................28.221 Chile ....................................22.821 Colombia .............................22.823 Australia...............................22.324 Brazil....................................22.225 Norway................................22.026 Cyprus .................................21.826 Estonia.................................21.826 Latvia ...................................21.829 Kazakhstan ..........................20.730 Angola .................................20.531 Uruguay ...............................18.732 Russian Federation..............18.033 Denmark..............................17.934 Mexico.................................17.335 Mongolia..............................16.536 South Africa.........................16.437 Honduras .............................16.038 Ecuador ...............................15.339 Croatia .................................15.140 Venezuela ............................14.541 Ukraine ................................14.042 Lesotho ...............................13.843 United Arab Emirates ..........13.744 Jamaica ...............................12.845 Czech Republic....................11.746 El Salvador...........................10.947 Kyrgyz Republic...................10.148 Zambia...................................9.749 Ireland....................................9.050 Switzerland............................8.751 Peru .......................................8.452 Macedonia, FYR ....................8.353 Israel......................................8.153 Mozambique..........................8.155 France....................................7.956 Mauritania..............................7.856 United Kingdom ....................7.858 Tajikistan................................7.759 Greece...................................7.560 Slovenia .................................7.061 Austria ...................................6.761 Germany................................6.7


63 Kenya.....................................6.564 Georgia ..................................6.464 Madagascar ...........................6.466 Azerbaijan ..............................6.366 Slovak Republic .....................6.368 Portugal .................................6.269 Bosnia and Herzegovina........6.170 Bahrain ..................................5.871 Trinidad and Tobago...............5.672 Armenia .................................5.473 Chad ......................................5.273 Moldova.................................5.275 Malaysia ................................4.975 Mauritius ...............................4.977 Qatar......................................4.678 Hungary .................................4.479 Luxembourg ..........................4.380 Algeria ...................................4.281 Belgium .................................4.181 Serbia and Montenegro.........4.183 Spain......................................3.984 Korea, Rep.............................3.785 Barbados ...............................3.686 Dominican Republic ..............3.487 Malawi...................................3.387 Tanzania.................................3.389 Poland....................................3.290 Albania...................................3.191 Jordan....................................3.091 Kuwait ...................................3.091 Tunisia ...................................3.094 Philippines .............................2.995 Cameroon..............................2.895 Indonesia ...............................2.897 Romania ................................2.798 Mali........................................2.598 Malta .....................................2.5

100 Burkina Faso..........................2.4101 Italy........................................2.3101 Singapore ..............................2.3103 Morocco ................................1.9104 Nepal .....................................1.7104 Taiwan, China ........................1.7104 Thailand .................................1.7104 Turkey....................................1.7108 Netherlands ...........................1.6109 Cambodia ..............................1.5110 Japan.....................................1.4111 Egypt .....................................1.1111 Ethiopia..................................1.1111 Uganda ..................................1.1114 Burundi ..................................1.0115 Pakistan .................................0.8116 Benin .....................................0.7116 Sri Lanka................................0.7118 Gambia ..................................0.6118 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.6120 Nigeria ...................................0.5121 China .....................................0.4121 India.......................................0.4123 Vietnam .................................0.3124 Bangladesh............................0.1

6.04 Airport density

Number of airports per million population, 2005


405

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| A

ir tra

nspo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 405


1 United States ....................174.52 United Kingdom ................159.03 France................................157.54 Germany............................149.05 Italy....................................128.56 Russian Federation............108.07 Spain..................................101.08 Canada.................................85.09 Netherlands .........................83.0

10 Switzerland..........................82.511 Thailand ...............................79.012 China ...................................78.013 United Arab Emirates ..........74.014 India.....................................70.515 Japan...................................68.016 Turkey..................................67.517 Austria .................................62.018 Sweden ...............................61.519 Denmark..............................60.519 Portugal ...............................60.521 Australia...............................59.022 Hong Kong SAR ..................58.522 Singapore ............................58.524 Greece.................................57.025 Belgium ...............................55.526 Egypt ...................................53.027 Malaysia ..............................48.528 Mexico.................................46.528 South Africa.........................46.530 Czech Republic....................46.031 Ukraine ................................45.032 Ireland..................................43.033 Indonesia .............................42.033 Korea, Rep...........................42.035 Hungary ...............................40.036 Norway................................39.037 Brazil....................................38.038 Cyprus .................................36.539 Poland..................................35.540 Israel....................................34.540 Philippines ...........................34.542 Argentina .............................33.043 Kuwait .................................32.544 Dominican Republic ............31.545 Venezuela ............................30.045 Vietnam ...............................30.047 Armenia ...............................27.547 Azerbaijan ............................27.547 Morocco ..............................27.550 Colombia .............................27.051 Pakistan ...............................26.551 Taiwan, China ......................26.553 Kenya...................................26.054 Bulgaria................................25.554 Finland.................................25.554 Romania ..............................25.557 Qatar....................................24.057 Tunisia .................................24.059 Bahrain ................................22.559 New Zealand .......................22.561 Peru .....................................22.061 Sri Lanka..............................22.0


63 Jordan..................................21.564 Nigeria .................................20.564 Serbia and Montenegro.......20.566 Jamaica ...............................20.066 Kazakhstan ..........................20.068 Chile ....................................19.569 Bangladesh..........................19.069 Cambodia ............................19.071 Ecuador ...............................18.572 Croatia .................................18.072 Tajikistan..............................18.074 Costa Rica ...........................17.575 Mali......................................15.575 Trinidad and Tobago.............15.577 Georgia ................................15.077 Guatemala ...........................15.077 Tanzania...............................15.080 Panama................................14.581 Cameroon............................14.081 Latvia ...................................14.081 Lithuania ..............................14.084 Kyrgyz Republic...................13.585 Algeria .................................13.086 Mauritius .............................12.587 Nepal ...................................12.088 Barbados .............................11.588 Estonia.................................11.588 Uganda ................................11.591 Albania.................................11.091 Benin ...................................11.091 Zambia.................................11.094 Ethiopia................................10.594 Macedonia, FYR ..................10.594 Zimbabwe............................10.597 Bolivia ..................................10.097 Bosnia and Herzegovina......10.097 Luxembourg ........................10.097 Malta ...................................10.097 Uruguay ...............................10.0

102 Honduras ...............................9.5103 Slovenia .................................9.0104 Mozambique..........................8.5104 Slovak Republic .....................8.5106 El Salvador.............................8.0107 Angola ...................................7.5107 Nicaragua...............................7.5109 Burkina Faso..........................7.0110 Moldova.................................6.5111 Madagascar ...........................6.0111 Malawi...................................6.0111 Mongolia................................6.0114 Iceland...................................5.5114 Namibia .................................5.5116 Burundi ..................................5.0117 Gambia ..................................4.5117 Guyana ..................................4.5117 Mauritania..............................4.5120 Paraguay................................4.0121 Chad ......................................3.5122 Botswana ..............................3.0122 Suriname ...............................3.0124 Lesotho .................................1.0

6.05 Number of operating airlines

Number of airlines with scheduled flights originating in country, August 2005 and February 2006 average

SOURCE: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser

406

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| A

ir tra

nspo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 406


1 Germany .......................6.9 0.32 Singapore......................6.8 0.43 Netherlands ..................6.8 0.54 United Kingdom............6.8 0.45 Hong Kong SAR............6.7 0.86 United Arab Emirates ...6.6 0.77 France...........................6.6 0.78 Denmark .......................6.6 0.69 Finland ..........................6.5 0.7

10 Iceland ..........................6.4 0.711 Japan ............................6.4 0.812 Israel .............................6.3 0.813 Canada..........................6.3 0.914 United States................6.3 1.115 Switzerland ...................6.3 1.016 Chile..............................6.3 0.817 South Africa ..................6.2 0.818 Australia ........................6.2 0.919 New Zealand.................6.2 1.020 Spain.............................6.1 0.921 Austria ..........................6.1 1.222 Norway .........................6.1 0.923 Sweden ........................6.1 1.024 Malaysia........................6.1 1.125 Jamaica.........................6.1 1.026 Panama.........................6.0 1.227 Ireland...........................6.0 1.028 Bahrain..........................6.0 1.029 Dominican Republic......6.0 1.130 El Salvador ....................6.0 1.231 Belgium ........................5.9 1.432 Jordan...........................5.8 1.133 Czech Republic .............5.8 1.234 India ..............................5.8 1.235 Portugal ........................5.8 1.136 Barbados.......................5.8 1.137 Korea, Rep. ...................5.8 1.138 Mexico..........................5.7 1.139 Luxembourg .................5.7 1.340 Greece ..........................5.6 1.341 Thailand ........................5.6 1.042 Mauritius.......................5.6 1.043 Qatar .............................5.6 1.743 Taiwan, China................5.6 1.145 Hungary ........................5.5 1.346 Costa Rica.....................5.5 1.247 Latvia ............................5.5 1.448 Cyprus ..........................5.5 1.049 Turkey ...........................5.4 1.450 Colombia.......................5.3 1.351 Brazil .............................5.3 1.652 Malta.............................5.3 1.553 Estonia ..........................5.3 1.454 Kuwait...........................5.2 1.755 Argentina ......................5.2 1.456 Zambia ..........................5.2 1.357 Tunisia...........................5.1 1.258 Guatemala ....................5.1 1.559 Kenya............................5.1 1.660 Lithuania .......................5.1 1.361 Slovenia ........................5.0 1.362 Philippines ....................5.0 1.3


63 Italy ...............................5.0 1.664 Indonesia ......................5.0 1.165 Peru ..............................5.0 1.466 Morocco .......................4.9 1.767 Sri Lanka .......................4.9 1.668 Egypt ............................4.9 1.969 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.9 1.570 Namibia.........................4.9 1.571 Pakistan ........................4.8 1.672 Venezuela .....................4.8 1.573 Azerbaijan .....................4.7 1.774 Russian Federation .......4.7 1.775 Ethiopia .........................4.7 1.576 Vietnam.........................4.7 1.577 Slovak Republic ............4.7 1.578 Poland...........................4.6 1.279 Nicaragua......................4.6 1.880 Cambodia......................4.5 1.781 Tanzania ........................4.5 1.682 Romania........................4.5 1.483 Kazakhstan....................4.5 1.784 Ecuador.........................4.4 1.485 Honduras ......................4.4 1.886 Croatia ..........................4.3 1.587 Mauritania .....................4.3 1.488 Algeria...........................4.3 1.689 China.............................4.2 1.590 Uruguay ........................4.2 1.691 Nigeria ..........................4.1 1.892 Botswana......................4.0 1.593 Mozambique.................4.0 1.794 Bangladesh ...................4.0 1.895 Moldova........................3.9 1.896 Georgia .........................3.9 1.697 Paraguay .......................3.9 1.898 Gambia .........................3.9 1.799 Bulgaria .........................3.8 1.6

100 Uganda .........................3.8 1.8101 Nepal ............................3.8 1.6102 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.7 1.7103 Guyana..........................3.7 1.5104 Albania ..........................3.6 1.8105 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.6 1.7105 Mali ...............................3.6 1.9107 Armenia ........................3.6 1.6108 Malawi ..........................3.6 1.7109 Madagascar ..................3.6 1.5110 Ukraine .........................3.6 1.7111 Tajikistan .......................3.5 2.1112 Serbia and Montenegro..3.5 1.6113 Angola...........................3.5 1.6114 Zimbabwe.....................3.5 1.6115 Mongolia .......................3.4 1.6116 Cameroon .....................3.4 1.6117 Burkina Faso .................3.3 1.8118 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.3 1.8119 Bolivia ...........................3.2 1.6120 Benin ............................3.0 1.6121 Lesotho.........................2.7 1.8122 Suriname ......................2.7 1.5123 Burundi .........................2.7 1.7124 Chad .............................2.4 1.5

6.06 International air transport network

Does the air transport network in your country offer you good connections to the overseas markets that offer your business greatestpotential? (1 = no, not at all, 7 = yes, to all of my key business markets)


407

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| A

ir tra

nspo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 407

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 408

409

Pillar 7Ground transport infrastructure

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 409


1 Singapore......................6.7 0.52 France...........................6.6 0.63 Switzerland ...................6.6 0.64 Germany .......................6.5 0.65 Denmark .......................6.4 0.76 Hong Kong SAR............6.3 1.07 United States................6.1 1.28 Japan ............................6.1 1.19 Austria ..........................6.0 1.0

10 Belgium ........................6.0 1.111 Netherlands ..................5.9 1.112 United Arab Emirates ...5.9 1.113 Taiwan, China................5.9 0.914 United Kingdom............5.8 1.015 Malaysia........................5.7 1.116 Canada..........................5.7 1.017 Luxembourg .................5.7 1.418 Sweden ........................5.5 1.119 Finland ..........................5.5 1.020 Portugal ........................5.4 0.921 Spain.............................5.4 0.822 Cyprus ..........................5.3 1.123 Chile..............................5.3 0.824 Australia ........................5.2 1.225 Korea, Rep. ...................5.2 1.126 Israel .............................5.1 1.127 Kuwait...........................5.0 1.528 Thailand ........................5.0 0.829 Bahrain..........................5.0 1.529 Iceland ..........................5.0 1.031 El Salvador ....................4.9 0.832 Lithuania .......................4.9 1.233 Jordan...........................4.9 1.134 South Africa ..................4.8 1.235 Namibia.........................4.8 1.336 Tunisia...........................4.8 1.037 Croatia ..........................4.7 1.338 Norway .........................4.5 1.239 Barbados.......................4.5 1.440 Slovenia ........................4.4 1.341 New Zealand.................4.4 1.442 Greece ..........................4.3 1.243 Mauritius.......................4.2 1.344 Italy ...............................4.2 1.745 China.............................4.0 1.546 Uruguay ........................4.0 1.347 Panama.........................4.0 1.348 Qatar .............................3.9 1.749 Mexico..........................3.8 1.150 Czech Republic .............3.8 1.351 Dominican Republic......3.7 1.452 Jamaica.........................3.7 1.353 Turkey ...........................3.7 1.354 Ireland...........................3.7 1.555 Botswana......................3.7 1.456 Estonia ..........................3.7 1.557 Guatemala ....................3.7 1.157 Slovak Republic ............3.7 1.259 Hungary ........................3.6 1.360 Morocco .......................3.5 1.761 Pakistan ........................3.5 1.362 Latvia ............................3.4 1.4


63 Azerbaijan .....................3.3 1.564 Egypt ............................3.3 1.565 Argentina ......................3.3 1.166 India ..............................3.2 1.367 Poland...........................3.2 1.368 Armenia ........................3.2 1.469 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.2 1.370 Zimbabwe.....................3.1 1.471 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.1 1.572 Bangladesh ...................3.1 1.373 Tanzania ........................3.1 1.574 Honduras ......................3.0 1.275 Gambia .........................3.0 1.476 Malta.............................3.0 1.177 Cambodia......................2.9 1.378 Guyana..........................2.8 1.279 Algeria...........................2.8 1.480 Georgia .........................2.8 1.281 Sri Lanka .......................2.7 1.482 Ecuador.........................2.7 1.083 Peru ..............................2.6 1.084 Malawi ..........................2.6 1.185 Uganda .........................2.6 1.386 Philippines ....................2.6 1.287 Colombia.......................2.6 1.188 Suriname ......................2.6 1.189 Mali ...............................2.5 1.190 Benin ............................2.5 1.391 Vietnam.........................2.5 1.092 Nicaragua......................2.4 1.093 Venezuela .....................2.4 0.994 Nigeria ..........................2.4 1.395 Madagascar ..................2.4 1.196 Brazil .............................2.4 1.297 Bulgaria .........................2.3 1.298 Kazakhstan....................2.3 1.299 Ethiopia .........................2.3 1.1

100 Nepal ............................2.2 1.0101 Kenya............................2.2 1.0102 Lesotho.........................2.2 1.2103 Russian Federation .......2.2 1.2104 Ukraine .........................2.2 1.3105 Burkina Faso .................2.2 1.1106 Burundi .........................2.2 1.2107 Zambia ..........................2.1 0.8108 Costa Rica.....................2.1 1.1109 Tajikistan .......................2.1 1.3110 Indonesia ......................2.1 1.0111 Romania........................2.1 1.0112 Bolivia ...........................2.0 0.8113 Serbia and Montenegro..2.0 1.0114 Albania ..........................1.9 0.8115 Kyrgyz Republic ............1.9 1.0116 Paraguay .......................1.9 1.0117 Mozambique.................1.8 0.8118 Mongolia .......................1.8 1.0119 Mauritania .....................1.8 1.0120 Bosnia and Herzegovina .1.8 0.9121 Cameroon .....................1.8 0.9122 Angola...........................1.7 0.9123 Moldova........................1.6 0.9124 Chad .............................1.4 0.6

7.01 Road infrastructure

Roads in your country are (1 = underdeveloped, 7 = as extensive and efficient as the world’s best)


410

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| G

roun

d tra

nspo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 410


1 Switzerland ...................6.8 0.72 Japan ............................6.6 0.93 France...........................6.5 0.84 Germany .......................6.4 0.75 Hong Kong SAR............6.3 1.16 Netherlands ..................5.9 1.07 Belgium ........................5.7 1.28 Denmark .......................5.7 1.09 Singapore......................5.7 1.3

10 Finland ..........................5.6 1.011 Sweden ........................5.5 0.912 Taiwan, China................5.4 0.913 Korea, Rep. ...................5.2 1.014 Canada..........................5.2 1.315 United States................5.1 1.516 Austria ..........................5.0 1.317 Malaysia........................5.0 1.318 Spain.............................5.0 1.019 Luxembourg .................4.9 1.720 United Kingdom............4.8 1.321 India ..............................4.7 1.322 Australia ........................4.6 1.223 Slovak Republic ............4.5 1.124 Norway .........................4.4 1.225 Tunisia...........................4.4 1.326 Portugal ........................4.2 1.127 Czech Republic .............4.1 1.428 Lithuania .......................4.0 1.329 Latvia ............................4.0 1.530 Russian Federation .......3.9 1.631 Israel .............................3.8 1.332 Ukraine .........................3.8 1.433 China.............................3.8 1.434 Azerbaijan .....................3.8 1.435 Namibia.........................3.7 1.536 Estonia ..........................3.7 1.437 New Zealand.................3.7 1.438 Poland...........................3.7 1.139 Pakistan ........................3.6 1.240 Thailand ........................3.6 1.141 Slovenia ........................3.6 1.442 Hungary ........................3.6 1.143 South Africa ..................3.5 1.344 Greece ..........................3.4 1.245 Bulgaria .........................3.3 1.546 Kazakhstan....................3.3 1.447 Egypt ............................3.3 1.648 Botswana......................3.3 1.249 Italy ...............................3.2 1.650 Morocco .......................3.1 1.651 Croatia ..........................3.0 1.352 Georgia .........................3.0 1.253 Ireland...........................2.9 1.354 Romania........................2.9 1.455 Tajikistan .......................2.8 1.656 Tanzania ........................2.8 1.557 Zimbabwe.....................2.7 1.358 Chile..............................2.7 1.359 Moldova........................2.6 1.260 Qatar .............................2.6 2.261 Sri Lanka .......................2.5 1.562 Panama.........................2.5 1.5


63 Mongolia .......................2.5 1.264 Indonesia ......................2.4 0.765 Mexico..........................2.4 1.166 Argentina ......................2.3 1.267 Turkey ...........................2.3 1.168 Bangladesh ...................2.3 1.069 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.2 1.070 Vietnam.........................2.2 1.171 Malta.............................2.2 1.572 Algeria...........................2.0 0.973 United Arab Emirates ...2.0 1.874 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.0 1.175 Jordan...........................2.0 1.276 Armenia ........................2.0 1.177 Burkina Faso .................2.0 1.378 Kenya............................1.9 1.279 Kuwait...........................1.9 1.580 Mauritania .....................1.8 1.281 Brazil .............................1.8 1.182 Nigeria ..........................1.8 1.283 Malawi ..........................1.8 0.984 Mozambique.................1.8 0.985 Peru ..............................1.7 0.786 Philippines ....................1.7 1.187 Cameroon .....................1.7 0.888 Mauritius.......................1.6 1.289 Mali ...............................1.6 1.090 Bosnia and Herzegovina .1.6 0.791 Serbia and Montenegro..1.6 0.892 Bahrain..........................1.6 1.293 Zambia ..........................1.6 0.794 Bolivia ...........................1.6 0.895 Uruguay ........................1.6 0.696 Barbados.......................1.5 1.297 Cambodia......................1.5 0.898 Angola...........................1.5 0.798 Iceland ..........................1.5 1.2

100 Suriname ......................1.5 1.3101 Uganda .........................1.5 0.7102 Madagascar ..................1.5 0.8103 Lesotho.........................1.4 1.0104 Guyana..........................1.4 1.0105 Costa Rica.....................1.4 0.9106 Chad .............................1.4 1.0107 Colombia.......................1.4 0.6108 Venezuela .....................1.4 0.8109 Jamaica.........................1.3 0.9110 Ethiopia .........................1.3 0.6111 Benin ............................1.3 0.7112 Guatemala ....................1.3 0.6113 Gambia .........................1.3 1.2114 El Salvador ....................1.3 0.8115 Albania ..........................1.2 0.6116 Dominican Republic......1.2 0.8117 Burundi .........................1.2 0.8118 Trinidad and Tobago ......1.2 0.7119 Nepal ............................1.2 0.6120 Ecuador.........................1.1 0.5121 Honduras ......................1.1 0.4122 Nicaragua......................1.1 0.6123 Paraguay .......................1.0 0.3124 Cyprus ..........................1.0 n/a

7.02 Railroad infrastructure

Railroads in your country are (1 = underdeveloped, 7 = as extensive and efficient as the world’s best)


411

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| G

roun

d tra

nspo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 411


1 Singapore......................6.9 0.42 Netherlands ..................6.7 0.63 Hong Kong SAR............6.6 0.84 Germany .......................6.6 0.65 Belgium ........................6.4 0.96 Denmark .......................6.3 0.87 Finland ..........................6.2 0.78 Japan ............................6.0 0.89 United Arab Emirates ...6.0 1.3

10 France...........................6.0 1.211 Iceland ..........................5.8 1.012 Sweden ........................5.8 0.913 Malaysia........................5.8 0.914 Panama.........................5.7 1.415 United States................5.7 1.316 Canada..........................5.6 1.017 Norway .........................5.6 0.918 New Zealand.................5.5 1.219 United Kingdom............5.4 1.120 Taiwan, China................5.4 1.021 Switzerland ...................5.4 1.422 Barbados.......................5.4 1.123 Spain.............................5.3 1.024 Jamaica.........................5.3 1.325 Estonia ..........................5.3 1.126 Bahrain..........................5.3 1.127 Korea, Rep. ...................5.2 1.028 Australia ........................5.1 1.129 Namibia.........................5.0 1.130 Israel .............................4.9 1.431 Chile..............................4.9 1.132 Cyprus ..........................4.8 1.332 Mauritius.......................4.8 0.934 Tunisia...........................4.8 1.135 Malta.............................4.7 1.236 Portugal ........................4.7 1.237 Thailand ........................4.7 1.138 Austria ..........................4.6 1.339 Latvia ............................4.6 1.540 Luxembourg .................4.6 1.341 Greece ..........................4.6 1.242 Qatar .............................4.5 1.543 South Africa ..................4.4 1.244 Slovenia ........................4.4 1.645 Honduras ......................4.3 1.646 Uruguay ........................4.3 1.447 Kuwait...........................4.2 1.548 Ireland...........................4.2 1.449 Jordan...........................4.0 1.350 Lithuania .......................4.0 1.351 Gambia .........................3.9 1.652 Pakistan ........................3.8 1.353 Morocco .......................3.8 1.654 Dominican Republic......3.7 1.555 China.............................3.7 1.356 Sri Lanka .......................3.7 1.757 El Salvador ....................3.6 1.658 Azerbaijan .....................3.6 1.559 Guatemala ....................3.5 1.460 Poland...........................3.5 1.261 Egypt ............................3.5 1.661 India ..............................3.5 1.4


63 Argentina ......................3.4 1.364 Mexico..........................3.4 1.265 Russian Federation .......3.4 1.466 Ukraine .........................3.4 1.367 Czech Republic .............3.4 1.268 Tanzania ........................3.4 1.669 Cambodia......................3.3 1.470 Georgia .........................3.3 1.371 Bulgaria .........................3.3 1.572 Croatia ..........................3.3 1.373 Slovak Republic ............3.3 1.374 Kenya............................3.2 1.475 Romania........................3.1 1.376 Turkey ...........................3.1 1.377 Italy ...............................3.1 1.678 Algeria...........................3.1 1.379 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.1 1.680 Hungary ........................3.0 1.281 Zimbabwe.....................3.0 1.582 Colombia.......................2.9 1.383 Nigeria ..........................2.8 1.584 Ecuador.........................2.8 1.085 Venezuela .....................2.7 1.286 Botswana......................2.7 1.487 Philippines ....................2.7 1.388 Brazil .............................2.7 1.489 Vietnam.........................2.7 1.090 Kazakhstan....................2.6 1.291 Mozambique.................2.6 1.292 Guyana..........................2.5 1.393 Suriname ......................2.5 1.094 Paraguay .......................2.5 1.395 Benin ............................2.5 1.296 Angola...........................2.5 1.197 Indonesia ......................2.4 0.898 Bangladesh ...................2.4 1.299 Mauritania .....................2.4 1.4

100 Nicaragua......................2.3 1.3101 Madagascar ..................2.3 1.1102 Costa Rica.....................2.3 1.0103 Cameroon .....................2.2 1.1104 Serbia and Montenegro..2.2 1.1105 Peru ..............................2.2 0.9106 Albania ..........................2.0 1.1107 Burundi .........................1.9 1.3108 Lesotho.........................1.9 1.5109 Uganda .........................1.9 1.0110 Zambia ..........................1.9 0.9111 Burkina Faso .................1.8 1.5112 Macedonia, FYR ...........1.8 1.2113 Malawi ..........................1.7 0.9114 Mongolia .......................1.6 0.9115 Tajikistan .......................1.6 0.9116 Bosnia and Herzegovina .1.5 0.9117 Kyrgyz Republic ............1.5 1.0118 Moldova........................1.5 1.1119 Chad .............................1.4 1.0120 Ethiopia .........................1.4 0.8121 Mali ...............................1.4 0.7122 Nepal ............................1.3 0.8123 Bolivia ...........................1.3 0.7124 Armenia ........................1.1 0.5

7.03 Port infrastructure

Port facilities and inland waterways in your country are (1 = underdeveloped, 7 = as developed as the world’s best)


412

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| G

roun

d tra

nspo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 412


1 Germany .......................6.8 0.42 Switzerland ...................6.7 0.73 Hong Kong SAR............6.7 0.74 France...........................6.6 0.75 Singapore......................6.6 0.66 Japan ............................6.6 0.87 Denmark .......................6.4 0.78 Netherlands ..................6.3 0.99 Finland ..........................6.3 0.9

10 Austria ..........................6.2 1.011 United States................6.2 1.112 Sweden ........................6.2 0.613 Canada..........................6.1 1.014 Iceland ..........................6.1 0.915 Belgium ........................6.1 1.016 United Kingdom............6.1 0.917 Spain.............................6.0 0.918 Taiwan, China................5.9 0.919 Israel .............................5.9 1.320 Norway .........................5.9 0.921 Australia ........................5.8 1.122 Czech Republic .............5.8 1.123 Malaysia........................5.8 1.024 New Zealand.................5.7 1.225 Portugal ........................5.6 1.226 Chile..............................5.6 1.027 Korea, Rep. ...................5.6 1.128 Turkey ...........................5.5 1.229 Greece ..........................5.4 1.130 United Arab Emirates ...5.4 1.631 Thailand ........................5.4 0.732 India ..............................5.3 1.233 Estonia ..........................5.3 1.334 Luxembourg .................5.2 1.635 Barbados.......................5.2 1.436 Latvia ............................5.2 1.337 Tunisia...........................5.1 1.038 Bahrain..........................5.0 1.539 Lithuania .......................5.0 1.140 Brazil .............................4.9 1.441 Kuwait...........................4.9 1.542 Jordan...........................4.9 1.443 Croatia ..........................4.9 1.444 Egypt ............................4.8 1.645 Azerbaijan .....................4.8 1.346 Hungary ........................4.8 1.447 Slovenia ........................4.8 1.348 Mexico..........................4.8 1.249 Qatar .............................4.7 1.550 Morocco .......................4.6 1.551 Malta.............................4.6 1.552 Italy ...............................4.6 1.553 Jamaica.........................4.6 1.454 Russian Federation .......4.6 1.455 Ireland...........................4.6 1.556 South Africa ..................4.6 1.757 Slovak Republic ............4.6 1.258 Argentina ......................4.5 1.559 Kazakhstan....................4.5 1.560 Mauritius.......................4.5 1.461 Costa Rica.....................4.5 1.462 Colombia.......................4.5 1.3


63 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.5 1.764 China.............................4.5 1.365 Pakistan ........................4.4 1.566 Bulgaria .........................4.4 1.467 Namibia.........................4.3 1.468 Tanzania ........................4.3 1.669 Uruguay ........................4.3 1.570 El Salvador ....................4.3 1.471 Botswana......................4.3 1.372 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.3 1.473 Kenya............................4.2 1.274 Indonesia ......................4.2 1.075 Cyprus ..........................4.2 1.676 Ukraine .........................4.2 1.477 Vietnam.........................4.2 1.378 Nigeria ..........................4.2 1.679 Mali ...............................4.1 1.780 Dominican Republic......4.1 1.681 Algeria...........................4.1 1.682 Poland...........................4.0 1.183 Romania........................4.0 1.384 Cambodia......................4.0 1.485 Guatemala ....................4.0 1.386 Armenia ........................3.9 1.787 Panama.........................3.9 1.688 Uganda .........................3.9 1.689 Honduras ......................3.9 1.690 Venezuela .....................3.8 1.491 Mauritania .....................3.8 1.292 Philippines ....................3.8 1.593 Peru ..............................3.8 1.394 Tajikistan .......................3.8 1.995 Serbia and Montenegro..3.8 1.496 Moldova........................3.8 1.797 Burkina Faso .................3.8 1.698 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.7 1.699 Nepal ............................3.7 1.5

100 Ecuador.........................3.7 1.2101 Benin ............................3.6 1.5102 Gambia .........................3.6 1.6103 Guyana..........................3.6 1.4104 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.6 1.5105 Sri Lanka .......................3.5 1.6106 Mongolia .......................3.5 1.4107 Bangladesh ...................3.5 1.5108 Madagascar ..................3.4 1.3109 Mozambique.................3.3 1.4110 Suriname ......................3.3 1.5111 Ethiopia .........................3.3 1.5112 Georgia .........................3.2 1.5113 Malawi ..........................3.2 1.3114 Cameroon .....................3.1 1.4115 Nicaragua......................3.1 1.4116 Burundi .........................3.1 1.6117 Bolivia ...........................3.0 1.3118 Zimbabwe.....................2.9 1.2119 Lesotho.........................2.9 1.4120 Paraguay .......................2.7 1.4121 Albania ..........................2.6 1.3122 Chad .............................2.3 1.5123 Angola...........................2.3 1.0124 Zambia ..........................2.0 1.6

7.04 Domestic transport network

Does your country’s national transport network (domestic flights, buses, trains, taxis, etc.) offer efficient, accessible transportation to awide range of travelers to key business centers and tourist attractions within your country? (1 = no, not at all, 7 = yes, it is equal to thebest in the world)


413

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| G

roun

d tra

nspo

rt in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 413

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 414

415

Pillar 8Tourism infrastructure

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 415


1 Cyprus ...................................5.52 Malta .....................................5.03 Austria ...................................3.64 Greece...................................3.25 Iceland...................................2.66 Barbados ...............................2.27 Switzerland............................1.98 Spain......................................1.89 Croatia ...................................1.8

10 Italy........................................1.811 Luxembourg ..........................1.612 Ireland....................................1.513 United States ........................1.514 Norway..................................1.415 Japan.....................................1.216 Canada...................................1.217 Tunisia ...................................1.118 Bahrain ..................................1.119 Estonia...................................1.120 Bulgaria..................................1.121 Sweden .................................1.122 Germany................................1.123 Finland...................................1.024 Australia.................................1.025 United Kingdom ....................1.026 France....................................1.027 Portugal .................................1.028 Czech Republic......................1.029 United Arab Emirates ............1.030 Singapore ..............................0.931 Mauritius ...............................0.932 Costa Rica .............................0.933 Jamaica .................................0.834 Denmark................................0.835 Slovenia .................................0.836 Israel......................................0.737 Dominican Republic ..............0.738 Slovak Republic .....................0.739 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.640 Hungary .................................0.641 Belgium .................................0.642 Malaysia ................................0.643 Netherlands ...........................0.644 Thailand .................................0.645 Uruguay .................................0.646 New Zealand .........................0.547 Mexico...................................0.548 Qatar......................................0.549 Serbia and Montenegro.........0.550 Panama..................................0.551 Romania ................................0.552 Peru .......................................0.553 Argentina ...............................0.554 Trinidad and Tobago...............0.555 Latvia .....................................0.456 Jordan....................................0.457 Macedonia, FYR ....................0.358 Chile ......................................0.359 Venezuela ..............................0.360 Ecuador .................................0.361 Turkey....................................0.362 Suriname ...............................0.3


63 Honduras ...............................0.364 Lithuania ................................0.365 Morocco ................................0.366 Armenia .................................0.267 Bolivia ....................................0.268 Poland....................................0.269 Georgia ..................................0.270 Egypt .....................................0.271 Botswana ..............................0.272 Kuwait ...................................0.273 Malawi...................................0.274 Guatemala .............................0.175 Namibia .................................0.176 Albania...................................0.177 Algeria ...................................0.178 Colombia ...............................0.179 Indonesia ...............................0.180 Korea, Rep.............................0.181 Russian Federation................0.182 Azerbaijan ..............................0.183 Bosnia and Herzegovina........0.184 South Africa...........................0.185 Guyana ..................................0.186 Taiwan, China ........................0.187 China .....................................0.188 Vietnam .................................0.189 Sri Lanka................................0.190 Nicaragua...............................0.191 Cambodia ..............................0.192 Lesotho .................................0.193 Tanzania.................................0.194 Paraguay................................0.195 Kazakhstan ............................0.196 Nepal .....................................0.197 Uganda ..................................0.198 El Salvador.............................0.199 Ukraine ..................................0.1

100 Moldova.................................0.1101 Angola ...................................0.1102 Madagascar ...........................0.1103 Zambia...................................0.0104 Zimbabwe..............................0.0105 Kyrgyz Republic.....................0.0106 Philippines .............................0.0107 Mali........................................0.0108 Mozambique..........................0.0109 Benin .....................................0.0110 Pakistan .................................0.0111 Nigeria ...................................0.0112 Chad ......................................0.0113 India.......................................0.0114 Tajikistan................................0.0115 Ethiopia..................................0.0116 Bangladesh............................0.0n/a Brazil ......................................n/an/a Burkina Faso..........................n/an/a Burundi ..................................n/an/a Cameroon..............................n/an/a Gambia ..................................n/an/a Kenya.....................................n/an/a Mauritania..............................n/an/a Mongolia................................n/a

8.01 Hotel rooms

Number of hotel rooms per 100 population, 2004 or most recent year available

SOURCE: United Nations World Tourism Organization; Economist Intelligence Unit

416

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| T

ouris

m in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 416


1 Australia.................................7.01 Austria ...................................7.01 Belgium .................................7.01 Bosnia and Herzegovina........7.01 Brazil......................................7.01 Canada...................................7.01 Costa Rica .............................7.01 Croatia ...................................7.01 Cyprus ...................................7.01 Czech Republic......................7.01 Dominican Republic ..............7.01 France....................................7.01 Germany................................7.01 Greece...................................7.01 Hungary .................................7.01 Ireland....................................7.01 Italy........................................7.01 Jordan....................................7.01 Kuwait ...................................7.01 Latvia .....................................7.01 Lithuania ................................7.01 Malta .....................................7.01 Poland....................................7.01 Portugal .................................7.01 Qatar......................................7.01 Slovak Republic .....................7.01 Slovenia .................................7.01 South Africa...........................7.01 Spain......................................7.01 Switzerland............................7.01 Turkey....................................7.01 United Arab Emirates ............7.01 United Kingdom ....................7.01 United States ........................7.0

35 Argentina ...............................6.035 Bahrain ..................................6.035 Bulgaria..................................6.035 Denmark................................6.035 Estonia...................................6.035 Finland...................................6.035 Iceland...................................6.035 Israel......................................6.035 Luxembourg ..........................6.035 Macedonia, FYR ....................6.035 Mauritius ...............................6.035 Mexico...................................6.035 Morocco ................................6.035 Netherlands ...........................6.035 New Zealand .........................6.035 Norway..................................6.035 Romania ................................6.035 Russian Federation................6.035 Serbia and Montenegro.........6.035 Sweden .................................6.055 Chile ......................................5.055 El Salvador.............................5.055 Guatemala .............................5.055 Guyana ..................................5.055 Madagascar ...........................5.055 Nicaragua...............................5.055 Panama..................................5.055 Peru .......................................5.0


55 Thailand .................................5.055 Tunisia ...................................5.055 Venezuela ..............................5.066 Albania...................................4.066 Benin .....................................4.066 Botswana ..............................4.066 Colombia ...............................4.066 Egypt .....................................4.066 Honduras ...............................4.066 India.......................................4.066 Indonesia ...............................4.066 Jamaica .................................4.066 Japan.....................................4.066 Kenya.....................................4.066 Korea, Rep.............................4.066 Kyrgyz Republic.....................4.066 Malaysia ................................4.066 Moldova.................................4.066 Mozambique..........................4.066 Namibia .................................4.066 Pakistan .................................4.066 Paraguay................................4.066 Philippines .............................4.066 Singapore ..............................4.066 Suriname ...............................4.066 Trinidad and Tobago...............4.066 Ukraine ..................................4.066 Uruguay .................................4.066 Zimbabwe..............................4.092 Azerbaijan ..............................3.092 Bolivia ....................................3.092 Cameroon..............................3.092 Ecuador .................................3.092 Kazakhstan ............................3.092 Mali........................................3.092 Nigeria ...................................3.092 Sri Lanka................................3.092 Tanzania.................................3.092 Zambia...................................3.0

102 Algeria ...................................2.0102 Angola ...................................2.0102 Armenia .................................2.0102 Burkina Faso..........................2.0102 China .....................................2.0102 Gambia ..................................2.0102 Georgia ..................................2.0102 Hong Kong SAR ....................2.0102 Lesotho .................................2.0102 Malawi...................................2.0102 Mauritania..............................2.0113 Bangladesh............................1.0113 Barbados ...............................1.0113 Burundi ..................................1.0113 Chad ......................................1.0113 Ethiopia..................................1.0113 Mongolia................................1.0113 Taiwan, China ........................1.0113 Uganda ..................................1.0121 Cambodia ..............................0.0121 Nepal .....................................0.0121 Tajikistan................................0.0121 Vietnam .................................0.0

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies

Index of presence of major car rental companies, 2006

SOURCE: Car Fleet, No 29, Jan-Mar 2005; World Economic Forum

417

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| T

ouris

m in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 417


1 United States .................1,322.92 Spain...............................1,318.93 Austria ............................1,054.64 Portugal ..........................1,034.15 Luxembourg ......................934.86 Switzerland........................862.77 Slovenia .............................787.58 Australia.............................778.19 France................................762.9

10 Taiwan, China ....................707.911 Italy....................................686.712 United Kingdom ................667.813 Germany............................661.014 Norway..............................628.515 Canada...............................622.416 Iceland...............................606.717 Denmark............................604.418 Cyprus ...............................603.919 Ireland................................573.420 Greece...............................562.121 Estonia...............................557.722 Croatia ...............................522.023 Qatar..................................505.024 New Zealand .....................495.825 Netherlands .......................481.326 Singapore ..........................398.427 Latvia .................................388.328 Slovak Republic .................347.829 Korea, Rep.........................337.330 Bulgaria..............................336.031 Malta .................................330.032 Finland...............................324.233 Hong Kong SAR ................317.334 Sweden .............................316.635 Belgium .............................296.736 Lithuania ............................294.137 United Arab Emirates ........285.338 Czech Republic..................283.039 Hungary .............................282.640 Barbados ...........................270.441 South Africa.......................256.742 Thailand .............................253.943 Ukraine ..............................249.144 Mauritius ...........................229.245 Poland................................217.346 Japan.................................216.547 Israel..................................216.348 Malaysia ............................213.449 Mexico...............................204.050 Romania ............................203.551 Trinidad and Tobago...........200.852 Chile ..................................196.353 Bahrain ..............................191.854 Botswana ..........................185.655 Russian Federation............183.856 Argentina ...........................183.457 Kuwait ...............................175.258 Panama..............................158.459 Colombia ...........................148.260 Costa Rica .........................134.061 Brazil..................................133.362 Dominican Republic ..........126.2


63 Kazakhstan ........................115.764 Jordan................................109.665 Azerbaijan ............................94.966 Bosnia and Herzegovina......85.667 Venezuela ............................83.568 Serbia and Montenegro.......82.769 Namibia ...............................82.070 Morocco ..............................74.171 Tunisia .................................73.972 Moldova...............................65.273 Albania.................................60.674 Jamaica ...............................57.075 Uruguay ...............................55.776 Indonesia .............................52.177 Georgia ................................48.278 Bolivia ..................................47.079 Guatemala ...........................39.980 Peru .....................................38.181 Sri Lanka..............................37.182 Nicaragua.............................34.083 Paraguay..............................30.884 El Salvador...........................30.785 China ...................................28.886 Macedonia, FYR ..................27.087 Egypt ...................................25.888 Armenia ...............................24.789 Ecuador ...............................23.390 Honduras .............................17.991 India.....................................16.092 Zimbabwe............................13.493 Vietnam ...............................13.294 Mozambique........................12.895 Kenya...................................11.696 Turkey..................................10.297 Mongolia................................9.698 Philippines .............................8.899 Zambia...................................5.4

100 Tajikistan................................5.1101 Gambia ..................................3.3102 Nepal .....................................3.3103 Burkina Faso..........................3.2104 Cambodia ..............................2.8105 Kyrgyz Republic.....................2.5106 Malawi...................................2.2107 Cameroon..............................1.5108 Benin .....................................1.3109 Uganda ..................................0.9110 Pakistan .................................0.8111 Bangladesh............................0.5112 Madagascar ...........................0.4113 Mali........................................0.1114 Nigeria ...................................0.0115 Algeria ...................................0.0115 Angola ...................................0.0115 Guyana ..................................0.0n/a Burundi ..................................n/an/a Chad ......................................n/an/a Ethiopia..................................n/an/a Lesotho..................................n/an/a Mauritania..............................n/an/a Suriname ...............................n/an/a Tanzania .................................n/a

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards

Number of automated teller machines (ATMs) accepting Visa credit cards per million population, 2006

SOURCE: Visa International

418

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| T

ouris

m in

frast

ruct

ure

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 418

419

Pillar 9ICT infrastructure

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 419


1 Korea, Rep. ...................6.1 1.02 United Kingdom............6.1 0.93 Estonia ..........................6.0 1.04 Sweden ........................5.7 1.45 Netherlands ..................5.7 1.06 Germany .......................5.6 0.97 Switzerland ...................5.6 1.08 Iceland ..........................5.6 1.39 Canada..........................5.6 1.2

10 Denmark .......................5.6 1.011 Norway .........................5.5 1.112 United States................5.5 1.513 Japan ............................5.4 1.314 Israel .............................5.4 1.415 Finland ..........................5.4 1.316 Australia ........................5.2 1.317 Austria ..........................5.2 1.118 Taiwan, China................5.1 1.219 France...........................5.1 1.220 Czech Republic .............5.0 1.221 Singapore......................5.0 1.122 New Zealand.................5.0 1.423 Brazil .............................5.0 1.324 Hong Kong SAR............4.9 1.425 Ireland...........................4.9 1.526 Chile..............................4.8 1.227 Malaysia........................4.8 1.228 Thailand ........................4.7 1.429 Lithuania .......................4.6 1.430 Slovenia ........................4.6 1.431 India ..............................4.6 1.332 Belgium ........................4.6 1.233 Luxembourg .................4.5 1.434 Malta.............................4.4 1.335 Slovak Republic ............4.3 1.336 Latvia ............................4.3 1.637 Portugal ........................4.3 1.138 Panama.........................4.3 1.739 Guatemala ....................4.2 1.540 Italy ...............................4.2 1.541 Poland...........................4.2 1.142 Russian Federation .......4.1 1.743 Hungary ........................4.1 1.544 Spain.............................4.1 1.445 United Arab Emirates ...4.1 1.546 Peru ..............................4.0 1.347 Cyprus ..........................4.0 1.448 Indonesia ......................4.0 1.149 South Africa ..................4.0 1.450 Pakistan ........................4.0 1.451 Philippines ....................3.9 1.452 Jamaica.........................3.9 1.653 El Salvador ....................3.9 1.354 Uruguay ........................3.9 1.555 Argentina ......................3.9 1.656 Mexico..........................3.9 1.457 Azerbaijan .....................3.9 1.958 Croatia ..........................3.9 1.559 Tunisia...........................3.8 1.660 Barbados.......................3.8 1.661 Turkey ...........................3.8 1.462 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.8 1.8


63 Costa Rica.....................3.8 1.564 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.7 1.865 Egypt ............................3.7 1.666 Qatar .............................3.7 1.667 Jordan...........................3.7 1.768 Kuwait...........................3.6 1.769 Kenya............................3.6 1.870 Kazakhstan....................3.6 1.971 Colombia.......................3.6 1.572 Mauritania .....................3.6 2.573 Namibia.........................3.6 1.874 Uganda .........................3.5 1.975 China.............................3.5 1.576 Dominican Republic......3.5 1.777 Sri Lanka .......................3.5 1.678 Honduras ......................3.4 1.579 Venezuela .....................3.4 1.480 Romania........................3.4 1.581 Nigeria ..........................3.4 1.882 Bahrain..........................3.3 1.683 Tajikistan .......................3.3 1.884 Mali ...............................3.3 1.985 Nepal ............................3.3 1.686 Bulgaria .........................3.3 1.587 Tanzania ........................3.2 1.688 Greece ..........................3.2 1.389 Ukraine .........................3.2 1.590 Ecuador.........................3.2 1.291 Armenia ........................3.2 1.692 Guyana..........................3.2 1.693 Burkina Faso .................3.1 1.994 Cambodia......................3.1 2.095 Serbia and Montenegro..3.1 1.996 Nicaragua......................3.1 1.597 Bangladesh ...................3.1 1.798 Mongolia .......................3.1 1.699 Georgia .........................3.0 1.7

100 Gambia .........................3.0 1.7101 Madagascar ..................3.0 1.6102 Zimbabwe.....................3.0 1.4103 Mauritius.......................3.0 1.4104 Malawi ..........................2.9 1.5105 Benin ............................2.9 1.7106 Bolivia ...........................2.9 1.3107 Zambia ..........................2.9 1.1108 Suriname ......................2.9 1.7109 Morocco .......................2.8 1.6110 Botswana......................2.8 1.4111 Vietnam.........................2.8 1.6112 Ethiopia .........................2.8 1.7113 Paraguay .......................2.7 1.3114 Mozambique.................2.7 1.5115 Lesotho.........................2.7 1.6116 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.7 1.5117 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.7 1.5118 Angola...........................2.6 1.7119 Albania ..........................2.6 1.5120 Moldova........................2.5 1.5121 Cameroon .....................2.4 1.6122 Burundi .........................2.3 1.3123 Algeria...........................2.2 1.5124 Chad .............................1.9 1.4

9.01 Extent of business Internet use

In your country, companies use the Internet extensively for buying/selling goods and services and for interaction with customers (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree)


420

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| I

CT i

nfra

stru

ctur

e

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 420


1 Iceland.................................77.02 Sweden ...............................75.53 Malta ...................................75.34 Korea, Rep...........................65.75 Australia...............................65.36 United States ......................63.07 Finland.................................63.08 United Kingdom ..................62.99 Canada.................................62.4

10 Netherlands .........................61.611 Luxembourg ........................59.012 Singapore ............................56.113 Barbados .............................55.414 Taiwan, China ......................53.815 New Zealand .......................52.616 Estonia.................................51.217 Denmark..............................50.418 Hong Kong SAR ..................50.319 Japan...................................50.220 Czech Republic....................50.021 Italy......................................49.822 Slovenia ...............................48.023 Austria .................................47.524 Switzerland..........................47.225 Israel....................................46.626 Germany..............................42.727 Slovak Republic ...................42.328 France..................................41.429 Belgium ...............................40.230 Jamaica ...............................39.931 Norway................................39.432 Malaysia ..............................38.633 Cyprus .................................36.934 Latvia ...................................35.435 Spain....................................33.236 United Arab Emirates ..........31.937 Ireland..................................29.638 Croatia .................................29.539 Lithuania ..............................28.140 Portugal ...............................28.041 Chile ....................................27.942 Hungary ...............................26.743 Costa Rica ...........................23.544 Kuwait .................................23.545 Poland..................................23.346 Qatar....................................22.247 Bahrain ................................21.348 Uruguay ...............................21.049 Romania ..............................20.850 Guyana ................................18.951 Greece.................................17.852 Argentina .............................16.153 Bulgaria................................15.954 Mauritius .............................14.655 Turkey..................................14.156 Mexico.................................13.457 Trinidad and Tobago.............12.258 Brazil....................................12.259 Morocco ..............................11.760 Peru .....................................11.661 Thailand ...............................11.362 Russian Federation..............11.1


63 Jordan..................................10.764 Moldova.................................9.565 Panama..................................9.566 Dominican Republic ..............9.167 Colombia ...............................8.968 El Salvador.............................8.969 Venezuela ..............................8.870 Tunisia ...................................8.471 South Africa...........................7.972 Ukraine ..................................7.873 Macedonia, FYR ....................7.774 Mongolia................................7.675 China .....................................7.276 Vietnam .................................7.177 Zimbabwe..............................6.978 Suriname ...............................6.879 Indonesia ...............................6.580 Guatemala .............................6.081 Bosnia and Herzegovina........5.882 Egypt .....................................5.683 Philippines .............................5.384 Kyrgyz Republic.....................5.285 Azerbaijan ..............................4.986 Ecuador .................................4.787 Kenya.....................................4.688 Armenia .................................3.989 Bolivia ....................................3.990 Namibia .................................3.791 Botswana ..............................3.592 Georgia ..................................3.593 Gambia ..................................3.494 India.......................................3.295 Honduras ...............................3.296 Algeria ...................................2.697 Kazakhstan ............................2.698 Paraguay................................2.599 Lesotho .................................2.4

100 Albania...................................2.3101 Nicaragua...............................2.2102 Zambia...................................2.1103 Sri Lanka................................1.4104 Nigeria ...................................1.4105 Benin .....................................1.4106 Pakistan .................................1.3107 Angola ...................................1.2108 Cameroon..............................1.0109 Tanzania.................................0.9110 Uganda ..................................0.7111 Mozambique..........................0.7112 Madagascar ...........................0.5113 Nepal .....................................0.5114 Mauritania..............................0.5115 Mali........................................0.5116 Burkina Faso..........................0.4117 Chad ......................................0.4118 Malawi...................................0.4119 Burundi ..................................0.4120 Cambodia ..............................0.3121 Bangladesh............................0.2122 Ethiopia..................................0.2123 Tajikistan................................0.1n/a Serbia and Montenegro.........n/a

9.02 Internet users

Internet users per 100 population, 2004 or most recent year available

SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication Indicators 2005; national sources

421

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| I

CT i

nfra

stru

ctur

e

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 421


1 Luxembourg ........................79.82 Sweden ...............................71.53 Switzerland..........................71.04 Germany..............................66.25 Iceland.................................65.06 Denmark..............................64.57 Canada.................................64.38 United States ......................60.69 Taiwan, China ......................59.6

10 Australia...............................58.611 Greece.................................57.812 United Kingdom ..................56.413 France..................................56.014 Korea, Rep...........................55.315 Hong Kong SAR ..................54.416 Cyprus .................................51.817 Malta ...................................51.618 Barbados .............................50.119 Ireland..................................49.820 Netherlands .........................48.421 Norway................................47.222 Japan...................................46.623 Austria .................................46.224 New Zealand .......................46.125 Belgium ...............................46.026 Finland.................................45.427 Italy......................................44.828 Israel....................................43.729 Singapore ............................43.230 Croatia .................................42.731 Spain....................................41.532 Slovenia ...............................40.733 Portugal ...............................40.334 Hungary ...............................35.435 Bulgaria................................35.136 Estonia.................................34.037 Czech Republic....................33.638 Serbia and Montenegro.......32.939 Poland..................................31.940 Costa Rica ...........................31.641 Uruguay ...............................30.942 Mauritius .............................28.743 Latvia ...................................28.544 Russian Federation..............27.545 United Arab Emirates ..........27.346 Bahrain ................................26.747 Turkey..................................26.548 Qatar....................................25.749 Ukraine ................................25.250 Macedonia, FYR ..................25.251 Trinidad and Tobago.............24.652 Bosnia and Herzegovina......24.052 China ...................................24.054 Lithuania ..............................23.855 Brazil....................................23.556 Slovak Republic ...................23.257 Argentina .............................22.858 Chile ....................................21.559 Moldova...............................20.359 Romania ..............................20.361 Kuwait .................................19.562 Suriname .............................18.6


63 Malaysia ..............................17.464 Mexico.................................17.265 Colombia .............................17.166 Kazakhstan ..........................16.267 Armenia ...............................15.368 Jamaica ...............................14.669 Egypt ...................................13.570 Georgia ................................13.571 El Salvador...........................13.472 Guyana ................................13.473 Venezuela ............................12.874 Azerbaijan ............................12.374 Vietnam ...............................12.376 Ecuador ...............................12.277 Tunisia .................................12.178 Panama................................11.979 Jordan..................................11.080 Thailand ...............................11.081 Dominican Republic ............10.782 South Africa.........................10.483 Guatemala .............................8.984 Albania...................................8.385 Kyrgyz Republic.....................8.286 Botswana ..............................8.087 Peru .......................................7.488 Algeria ...................................7.189 Bolivia ....................................7.090 Namibia .................................6.491 Mongolia................................5.692 Honduras ...............................5.693 Sri Lanka................................5.194 Paraguay................................4.795 Indonesia ...............................4.596 Morocco ................................4.497 Philippines .............................4.298 India.......................................4.199 Nicaragua...............................3.8

100 Tajikistan................................3.8101 Pakistan .................................3.0102 Gambia ..................................2.9103 Zimbabwe..............................2.7104 Lesotho .................................2.1105 Nepal .....................................1.7106 Mauritania..............................1.3107 Benin .....................................1.0108 Kenya.....................................0.9109 Zambia...................................0.8110 Nigeria ...................................0.8111 Malawi...................................0.8112 Mali........................................0.7113 Angola ...................................0.7114 Ethiopia..................................0.6115 Bangladesh............................0.6115 Burkina Faso..........................0.6117 Cameroon..............................0.6118 Tanzania.................................0.4119 Mozambique..........................0.4120 Burundi ..................................0.3120 Madagascar ...........................0.3122 Uganda ..................................0.3123 Cambodia ..............................0.3124 Chad ......................................0.2

9.03 Telephone lines

Main telephone lines per 100 inhabitants, 2004

SOURCE: International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication Indicators 2005; national sources

422

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| I

CT i

nfra

stru

ctur

e

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 422

423

Pillar 10Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 423


1 Kuwait ...............................100.02 Luxembourg ........................99.93 United Arab Emirates ..........98.54 Qatar....................................98.45 Bahrain ................................98.36 Lesotho ...............................98.37 India.....................................97.78 Malaysia ..............................97.19 Greece.................................96.1

10 Indonesia .............................95.611 Thailand ...............................95.612 Barbados .............................94.813 Taiwan, China ......................94.214 Philippines ...........................93.615 Ireland..................................93.316 Botswana ............................92.417 Bulgaria................................91.218 Panama................................90.819 Spain....................................90.720 Turkey..................................89.621 China ...................................89.422 Cyprus .................................89.323 Hong Kong SAR ..................89.224 Jordan..................................89.125 Mozambique........................88.426 Zambia.................................88.427 Italy......................................88.328 Korea, Rep...........................88.129 Ethiopia................................87.630 Egypt ...................................87.431 Tajikistan..............................87.432 Estonia.................................87.333 Sweden ...............................87.234 Singapore ............................87.035 Armenia ...............................86.736 Latvia ...................................86.337 Vietnam ...............................86.038 Mongolia..............................85.939 Hungary ...............................85.440 Croatia .................................85.441 Algeria .................................85.342 Belgium ...............................85.143 Nepal ...................................84.944 Germany..............................84.745 Madagascar .........................84.646 Norway................................83.747 Finland.................................83.448 Serbia and Montenegro.......83.149 Poland..................................82.750 Macedonia, FYR ..................82.251 Russian Federation..............82.152 Malawi.................................82.053 Albania.................................81.854 Portugal ...............................81.655 Slovenia ...............................81.256 Burundi ................................81.257 Zimbabwe............................81.058 Lithuania ..............................80.259 Switzerland..........................80.160 Israel....................................78.861 Japan...................................78.462 Morocco ..............................78.1


63 New Zealand .......................77.964 Cambodia ............................76.965 Angola .................................76.866 Uruguay ...............................76.667 Czech Republic....................76.568 Denmark..............................76.169 Tanzania...............................76.070 Paraguay..............................75.971 Mauritius .............................75.872 Moldova...............................75.373 Romania ..............................74.974 Benin ...................................74.475 Uganda ................................74.476 France..................................74.477 Slovak Republic ...................73.878 Kyrgyz Republic...................73.679 United Kingdom ..................73.480 Burkina Faso........................72.881 Argentina .............................71.882 Ukraine ................................71.683 Pakistan ...............................71.484 Costa Rica ...........................71.085 Brazil....................................70.486 Azerbaijan ............................70.087 Bangladesh..........................69.988 Bosnia and Herzegovina......69.889 South Africa.........................69.790 Namibia ...............................68.191 Ecuador ...............................67.692 Austria .................................65.693 Netherlands .........................65.494 Georgia ................................65.395 Jamaica ...............................64.896 Nigeria .................................64.397 Suriname .............................63.398 Mauritania............................63.399 Honduras .............................60.9

100 Kenya...................................60.8101 Australia...............................60.0102 Chile ....................................60.0103 Tunisia .................................59.6104 Trinidad and Tobago.............59.3105 Iceland.................................57.7106 Venezuela ............................54.4107 Bolivia ..................................54.3108 Cameroon............................53.4109 United States ......................52.2110 Nicaragua.............................51.2111 Peru .....................................51.2112 Guatemala ...........................51.1113 Colombia .............................50.9114 Mexico.................................50.8115 Sri Lanka..............................50.4116 Mali......................................48.0117 Canada.................................46.9118 Malta ...................................43.4119 El Salvador...........................42.4120 Gambia ................................39.5121 Guyana ................................33.7122 Dominican Republic ............28.6123 Chad ......................................0.0n/a Kazakhstan.............................n/a

10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges

Index of relative cost of access (ticket taxes and airport charges) to international air transport services, 2006 (0=highest cost, 100=lowest cost)

SOURCE: International Air Transport Association

424

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

rice

com

petit

iven

ess

in th

e T&

T in

dust

ry

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 424


1 El Salvador.............................0.12 Zimbabwe..............................0.13 Burundi ..................................0.14 Gambia ..................................0.25 Cambodia ..............................0.26 Ethiopia..................................0.27 Nepal .....................................0.28 Uganda ..................................0.29 Bangladesh............................0.2

10 Vietnam .................................0.211 India.......................................0.212 Guyana ..................................0.213 Kyrgyz Republic.....................0.214 Philippines .............................0.215 China .....................................0.216 Nicaragua...............................0.217 Ukraine ..................................0.218 Mozambique..........................0.219 Paraguay................................0.320 Tajikistan................................0.321 Malawi...................................0.322 Lesotho .................................0.323 Sri Lanka................................0.324 Indonesia ...............................0.325 Pakistan .................................0.326 Madagascar ...........................0.327 Thailand .................................0.328 Egypt .....................................0.329 Azerbaijan ..............................0.330 Mongolia................................0.331 Burkina Faso..........................0.332 Tunisia ...................................0.333 Armenia .................................0.334 Argentina ...............................0.335 Moldova.................................0.336 Macedonia, FYR ....................0.337 Colombia ...............................0.438 Mali........................................0.439 Bulgaria..................................0.440 Bolivia ....................................0.441 Morocco ................................0.442 Mauritius ...............................0.443 Honduras ...............................0.444 Bosnia and Herzegovina........0.445 Cameroon..............................0.446 Chad ......................................0.447 Kenya.....................................0.448 Namibia .................................0.449 Georgia ..................................0.450 South Africa...........................0.451 Algeria ...................................0.452 Costa Rica .............................0.453 Kazakhstan ............................0.454 Tanzania.................................0.455 Dominican Republic ..............0.456 Malaysia ................................0.457 Jordan....................................0.558 Peru .......................................0.559 Uruguay .................................0.560 Russian Federation................0.561 Albania...................................0.562 Brazil......................................0.5


63 Benin .....................................0.564 Romania ................................0.565 Botswana ..............................0.566 Lithuania ................................0.567 Slovak Republic .....................0.568 Guatemala .............................0.569 Latvia .....................................0.570 Taiwan, China ........................0.571 Nigeria ...................................0.672 Ecuador .................................0.673 Chile ......................................0.674 Estonia...................................0.675 Poland....................................0.676 Turkey....................................0.677 Hungary .................................0.678 Panama..................................0.679 Barbados ...............................0.680 Czech Republic......................0.681 Angola ...................................0.782 Serbia and Montenegro.........0.783 Zambia...................................0.784 Croatia ...................................0.785 Malta .....................................0.786 Mexico...................................0.787 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.788 Slovenia .................................0.889 Israel......................................0.890 Korea, Rep.............................0.891 Bahrain ..................................0.892 Venezuela ..............................0.893 Trinidad and Tobago...............0.994 Greece...................................0.995 Jamaica .................................0.996 Portugal .................................0.997 Singapore ..............................0.998 Cyprus ...................................0.999 United States ........................1.0

100 Canada...................................1.0101 United Arab Emirates ............1.0102 Spain......................................1.0103 Italy........................................1.0104 New Zealand .........................1.0105 Luxembourg ..........................1.1106 Germany................................1.1107 Austria ...................................1.1108 Australia.................................1.1109 Belgium .................................1.1110 France....................................1.1111 Japan.....................................1.1112 Finland...................................1.2113 Ireland....................................1.2114 United Kingdom ....................1.2115 Netherlands ...........................1.2116 Sweden .................................1.3117 Denmark................................1.4118 Iceland...................................1.5119 Qatar......................................1.5120 Norway..................................1.5121 Switzerland............................1.5122 Kuwait ...................................1.6n/a Mauritania..............................n/an/a Suriname ...............................n/a

10.02 Purchasing power parity

Ratio of purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factor to official exchange rate, 2005

SOURCE: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (April 2006), International Financial Statistics Online; World Bank, World DevelopmentIndicators 2006

425

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

rice

com

petit

iven

ess

in th

e T&

T in

dust

ry

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 425


1 Bahrain..........................6.1 1.42 Hong Kong SAR............6.0 1.03 United Arab Emirates ...5.9 1.64 Kuwait...........................5.9 1.55 Qatar .............................5.8 1.66 Iceland ..........................5.7 1.07 Singapore......................5.6 1.08 Slovak Republic ............5.5 1.39 Luxembourg .................5.3 1.2

10 Ireland...........................5.2 1.311 Indonesia ......................5.1 1.412 Malaysia........................5.0 1.113 Estonia ..........................5.0 1.413 Mauritania .....................5.0 1.715 Switzerland ...................5.0 1.316 Botswana......................4.7 1.517 Mauritius.......................4.7 1.018 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.319 Cyprus ..........................4.6 1.320 Taiwan, China................4.6 1.221 India ..............................4.4 1.322 Thailand ........................4.4 1.223 Nigeria ..........................4.4 1.824 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.3 1.625 United Kingdom............4.2 1.226 El Salvador ....................4.2 1.327 South Africa ..................4.2 1.328 Cambodia......................4.1 1.829 Paraguay .......................3.9 1.730 Chile..............................3.9 1.431 United States................3.9 1.432 Algeria...........................3.9 1.833 Pakistan ........................3.9 1.434 Austria ..........................3.8 1.435 Angola...........................3.8 1.436 Egypt ............................3.8 1.837 Guatemala ....................3.8 1.438 Latvia ............................3.7 1.539 Netherlands ..................3.7 1.340 Philippines ....................3.6 1.341 Azerbaijan .....................3.6 1.742 Namibia.........................3.6 1.343 Barbados.......................3.6 1.244 Gambia .........................3.6 1.645 Nepal ............................3.6 1.746 China.............................3.6 1.447 Costa Rica.....................3.6 1.448 Bangladesh ...................3.6 1.649 Japan ............................3.5 1.150 Jordan...........................3.5 1.651 Georgia .........................3.5 1.452 Norway .........................3.5 1.153 Tanzania ........................3.4 1.454 Vietnam.........................3.4 1.455 Bolivia ...........................3.4 1.556 Portugal ........................3.4 1.257 Burkina Faso .................3.4 1.858 Israel .............................3.3 1.359 Ethiopia .........................3.3 1.760 Malta.............................3.3 1.161 New Zealand.................3.2 0.962 Lithuania .......................3.2 1.3


63 Morocco .......................3.2 1.664 Poland...........................3.2 1.165 Spain.............................3.2 1.366 Canada..........................3.2 1.467 Armenia ........................3.2 1.668 Honduras ......................3.1 1.569 Madagascar ..................3.1 1.670 Lesotho.........................3.1 1.571 Venezuela .....................3.1 1.672 Korea, Rep. ...................3.1 1.373 Sri Lanka .......................3.1 1.674 Mexico..........................3.1 1.375 Germany .......................3.1 1.276 Greece ..........................3.0 1.177 Kazakhstan....................3.0 1.578 Tajikistan .......................3.0 1.779 Hungary ........................3.0 1.480 Australia ........................3.0 1.081 Ecuador.........................3.0 1.482 Peru ..............................2.9 1.283 Turkey ...........................2.9 1.284 Mali ...............................2.9 1.785 Croatia ..........................2.9 1.386 Malawi ..........................2.9 1.587 France...........................2.9 1.388 Macedonia, FYR ...........2.8 1.689 Czech Republic .............2.8 1.290 Albania ..........................2.8 1.391 Jamaica.........................2.8 1.492 Dominican Republic......2.8 1.493 Panama.........................2.8 1.394 Russian Federation .......2.7 1.595 Uruguay ........................2.7 1.396 Mozambique.................2.7 1.597 Burundi .........................2.6 1.798 Bulgaria .........................2.6 1.699 Serbia and Montenegro..2.6 1.5

100 Finland ..........................2.5 1.4101 Ukraine .........................2.5 1.5102 Slovenia ........................2.5 1.4103 Zimbabwe.....................2.5 1.3104 Uganda .........................2.5 1.4105 Moldova........................2.5 1.3106 Kenya............................2.5 1.3107 Guyana..........................2.5 1.4108 Romania........................2.4 1.2109 Colombia.......................2.4 1.1110 Nicaragua......................2.4 1.1111 Chad .............................2.4 1.7112 Suriname ......................2.4 1.3113 Cameroon .....................2.3 1.4114 Bosnia and Herzegovina .2.3 1.3115 Mongolia .......................2.3 1.5116 Denmark .......................2.2 1.4117 Sweden ........................2.2 1.4118 Argentina ......................2.2 1.1119 Benin ............................2.2 1.3120 Italy ...............................2.2 1.2121 Zambia ..........................2.1 1.1122 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.1 1.3123 Belgium ........................2.1 1.2124 Brazil .............................1.5 0.9

10.03 Extent and effect of taxation

The level of taxes in your country (1 = significantly limits the incentives to work or invest, 7 = has little impact on the incentives to work orinvest)


426

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

rice

com

petit

iven

ess

in th

e T&

T in

dust

ry

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 426


1 Venezuela ..............................2.02 Egypt ...................................10.03 Algeria .................................15.04 Qatar....................................16.05 Azerbaijan ............................18.05 Indonesia .............................18.07 Bahrain ................................19.07 Jordan..................................19.09 Malaysia ..............................22.0

10 Kuwait .................................24.010 Trinidad and Tobago.............24.012 Ecuador ...............................27.013 United Arab Emirates ..........28.014 Angola .................................29.015 Vietnam ...............................32.016 Bangladesh..........................34.016 Philippines ...........................34.018 Colombia .............................36.019 Thailand ...............................37.020 Kazakhstan ..........................38.021 Tunisia .................................39.022 Bolivia ..................................40.023 New Zealand .......................41.023 Pakistan ...............................41.023 Sri Lanka..............................41.026 Ethiopia................................42.027 China ...................................43.027 Kyrgyz Republic...................43.029 Ukraine ................................44.030 Mexico.................................45.030 Nigeria .................................45.030 Russian Federation..............45.033 Panama................................48.034 Brazil....................................49.034 Nepal ...................................49.036 Suriname .............................50.037 Paraguay..............................51.038 Singapore ............................55.038 Taiwan, China ......................55.040 Armenia ...............................56.040 Costa Rica ...........................56.040 Mauritius .............................56.043 Jamaica ...............................57.043 United States ......................57.045 El Salvador...........................58.046 Argentina .............................59.046 Mauritania............................59.046 Tajikistan..............................59.049 Botswana ............................61.049 Cambodia ............................61.049 Dominican Republic ............61.049 Guyana ................................61.053 Barbados .............................62.053 India.....................................62.055 Guatemala ...........................63.056 Chile ....................................64.056 Nicaragua.............................64.058 Namibia ...............................65.058 Zimbabwe............................65.060 Honduras .............................66.061 Georgia ................................67.061 Mongolia..............................67.0


63 Canada.................................68.063 Lesotho ...............................68.065 Morocco ..............................70.066 Uruguay ...............................71.067 Benin ...................................72.068 Gambia ................................73.069 Kenya...................................76.069 Peru .....................................76.071 Madagascar .........................79.071 Mozambique........................79.073 Israel....................................80.073 South Africa.........................80.075 Australia...............................83.075 Cameroon............................83.077 Tanzania...............................87.078 Iceland.................................88.078 Malawi.................................88.078 Uganda ................................88.081 Bulgaria................................89.082 Latvia ...................................90.082 Mali......................................90.084 Romania ..............................91.085 Macedonia, FYR ..................92.086 Burkina Faso........................94.086 Estonia.................................94.088 Cyprus .................................95.088 Japan...................................95.088 Korea, Rep...........................95.091 Serbia and Montenegro.......95.592 Bosnia and Herzegovina......97.092 Malta ...................................97.094 Luxembourg ........................98.094 Zambia.................................98.096 Hong Kong SAR ................100.097 Chad ..................................101.098 Albania...............................102.098 Lithuania ............................102.0

100 Belgium .............................107.0100 Czech Republic..................107.0102 Burundi ..............................108.0102 Portugal .............................108.0104 Poland................................109.0105 Spain..................................110.0106 Slovenia .............................111.0107 Turkey................................112.0108 Croatia ...............................113.0109 Austria ...............................119.0109 Slovak Republic .................119.0111 Finland...............................121.0112 Hungary .............................122.0113 Greece...............................123.0113 Netherlands .......................123.0115 France................................125.0116 Germany............................129.0116 Ireland................................129.0118 Italy....................................131.0119 Denmark............................135.0120 Sweden .............................137.0120 Switzerland........................137.0122 Norway..............................144.0123 United Kingdom ................160.0n/a Moldova.................................n/a

10.04 Fuel price levels

Retail diesel fuel prices (US cents per liter), 2004

SOURCE: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, International Fuel Prices 2005

427

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| P

rice

com

petit

iven

ess

in th

e T&

T in

dust

ry

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 427

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 428

429

Pillar 11Human resources

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 429


1 Cambodia ..........................136.62 Madagascar .......................133.53 Lesotho .............................131.14 Guyana ..............................129.55 Uganda ..............................125.46 Malawi...............................124.97 Russian Federation............122.98 Slovenia .............................122.89 Suriname ...........................120.0

10 Argentina ...........................118.011 China .................................117.612 Indonesia ...........................117.013 Ecuador .............................116.914 Cameroon..........................116.815 Portugal .............................116.216 India...................................116.217 El Salvador.........................114.418 Nepal .................................113.919 Peru ...................................113.920 Bolivia ................................113.521 Guatemala .........................113.222 Honduras ...........................113.023 Philippines .........................112.424 Panama..............................112.225 Nicaragua...........................112.226 Dominican Republic ..........112.027 Costa Rica .........................111.828 Algeria ...............................111.729 Kenya.................................111.330 Colombia ...........................111.331 Israel..................................110.232 Paraguay............................110.033 Tunisia ...............................109.934 Mexico...............................109.235 Kazakhstan ........................109.236 Uruguay .............................109.037 Bangladesh........................108.938 Hong Kong SAR ................108.139 Spain..................................107.740 Netherlands .......................107.441 Barbados ...........................107.042 United Kingdom ................106.543 Romania ............................106.544 Ireland................................106.545 Morocco ............................105.946 Austria ...............................105.947 Korea, Rep.........................105.148 Venezuela ..........................105.149 South Africa.......................105.050 France................................104.851 Bulgaria..............................104.852 Botswana ..........................104.553 Mongolia............................104.454 Albania...............................104.055 Bahrain ..............................104.056 Belgium .............................103.957 Chile ..................................103.758 Mauritius ...........................102.859 Australia.............................102.860 Malta .................................102.461 Switzerland........................102.362 Trinidad and Tobago...........102.3


63 Czech Republic..................101.964 New Zealand .....................101.765 Qatar..................................101.766 Greece...............................101.667 Italy....................................101.468 Canada...............................101.068 Namibia .............................101.070 Denmark............................101.071 Taiwan, China ....................101.072 Armenia .............................100.973 Iceland...............................100.974 Tanzania.............................100.975 Egypt .................................100.776 Finland...............................100.577 Japan.................................100.478 Germany............................100.279 Estonia.................................99.980 Tajikistan..............................99.981 Serbia and Montenegro.......99.882 Luxembourg ........................99.483 Nigeria .................................99.284 Sweden ...............................99.185 Slovak Republic ...................99.186 United States ......................99.087 Norway................................98.988 Poland..................................98.989 Benin ...................................98.990 Zambia.................................98.891 Thailand ...............................98.592 Jordan..................................98.293 Kyrgyz Republic...................98.094 Vietnam ...............................98.095 Hungary ...............................97.996 Cyprus .................................97.797 Sri Lanka..............................97.798 Macedonia, FYR ..................97.799 Lithuania ..............................97.2

100 Azerbaijan ............................96.8101 Kuwait .................................96.5102 Zimbabwe............................96.0103 Jamaica ...............................95.3104 Georgia ................................95.1105 Mozambique........................94.9106 Ukraine ................................94.8107 Moldova...............................94.4108 Mauritania............................94.1109 Croatia .................................94.0109 Singapore ............................94.0111 Turkey..................................93.3112 Malaysia ..............................93.0113 Latvia ...................................92.9114 Bosnia and Herzegovina......92.0115 United Arab Emirates ..........83.8116 Pakistan ...............................82.1117 Gambia ................................81.4118 Burundi ................................79.9119 Ethiopia................................77.0120 Chad ....................................71.0121 Mali......................................63.8122 Burkina Faso........................53.0n/a Angola....................................n/an/a Brazil ......................................n/a

11.01 Primary education enrollment

Gross primary education enrollment rate, 2004 or most recent year available

SOURCE: UNESCO, Institute for Statistics

430

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 430


1 Australia.............................148.62 Denmark............................124.23 Spain..................................119.14 Netherlands .......................118.85 Norway..............................115.66 Iceland...............................114.67 New Zealand .....................114.48 Ireland................................111.69 France................................110.6

10 Barbados ...........................110.111 Finland...............................109.412 Belgium .............................108.913 Uruguay .............................106.014 Malta .................................105.315 Canada...............................105.016 United Kingdom ................104.517 Sweden .............................102.618 Bulgaria..............................102.119 Brazil..................................102.020 Japan.................................101.621 Austria ...............................100.922 Germany............................100.023 Slovenia ...............................99.824 Italy......................................99.125 Argentina .............................99.026 Bahrain ................................98.827 Taiwan, China ......................98.228 Lithuania ..............................98.129 Estonia.................................98.130 Kazakhstan ..........................98.131 Singapore ............................98.032 Cyprus .................................97.733 Qatar....................................96.834 Poland..................................96.735 Portugal ...............................96.736 Latvia ...................................96.637 Hungary ...............................96.538 Greece.................................96.339 Czech Republic....................95.740 Luxembourg ........................94.941 United States ......................94.842 Slovak Republic ...................94.243 Switzerland..........................93.444 Russian Federation..............92.945 Ukraine ................................92.946 Israel....................................92.747 Peru .....................................91.648 Armenia ...............................91.449 Korea, Rep...........................90.950 South Africa.........................90.051 Kuwait .................................89.952 Mongolia..............................89.553 Chile ....................................89.154 Bolivia ..................................88.555 Serbia and Montenegro.......88.556 Jamaica ...............................88.157 Croatia .................................88.058 Kyrgyz Republic...................88.059 Jordan..................................87.460 Egypt ...................................87.161 Philippines ...........................85.962 Mauritius .............................85.4


63 Romania ..............................85.164 Hong Kong SAR ..................84.965 Macedonia, FYR ..................84.166 Trinidad and Tobago.............83.867 Azerbaijan ............................83.168 Moldova...............................82.869 Sri Lanka..............................82.570 Georgia ................................82.371 Tajikistan..............................81.872 Tunisia .................................81.373 Algeria .................................80.774 Mexico.................................79.775 Turkey..................................79.276 Albania.................................78.077 Thailand ...............................77.378 Botswana ............................75.179 Colombia .............................74.580 Costa Rica ...........................73.581 Vietnam ...............................73.582 Suriname .............................73.083 China ...................................72.584 Venezuela ............................72.085 Panama................................70.286 Malaysia ..............................70.087 Dominican Republic ............68.488 United Arab Emirates ..........66.489 Honduras .............................65.590 Paraguay..............................65.091 Indonesia .............................64.192 Nicaragua.............................63.793 Ecuador ...............................61.194 El Salvador...........................60.495 Namibia ...............................58.096 India.....................................53.597 Bangladesh..........................51.098 Guatemala ...........................48.699 Kenya...................................48.0

100 Morocco ..............................47.6101 Gambia ................................46.9102 Bosnia and Herzegovina......45.0103 Cameroon............................43.8104 Nepal ...................................43.0105 Lesotho ...............................36.4106 Zimbabwe............................36.0107 Nigeria .................................34.6108 Cambodia ............................29.4109 Malawi.................................28.9110 Ethiopia................................27.8111 Pakistan ...............................27.2112 Benin ...................................25.9113 Zambia.................................25.8114 Mali......................................22.3115 Mauritania............................20.2116 Uganda ................................18.6117 Chad ....................................15.1118 Burundi ................................12.1119 Burkina Faso........................12.1120 Mozambique........................10.8121 Tanzania.................................7.5n/a Angola....................................n/an/a Guyana...................................n/an/a Madagascar ...........................n/a

11.02 Secondary education enrollment

Gross secondary education enrollment rate, 2004 or most recent year available

SOURCE: UNESCO, Institute for Statics; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006; national sources

431

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 431


1 Finland ..........................6.0 1.02 Singapore......................6.0 0.83 Iceland ..........................5.9 0.94 Switzerland ...................5.8 1.05 Denmark .......................5.6 1.06 Ireland...........................5.5 1.07 Hong Kong SAR............5.4 1.28 Belgium ........................5.4 1.19 Taiwan, China................5.4 1.0

10 Malaysia........................5.2 1.311 Tunisia...........................5.1 1.112 Australia ........................5.1 1.113 Austria ..........................5.1 1.214 Canada..........................5.0 1.415 United States................5.0 1.416 Barbados.......................5.0 1.317 Norway .........................5.0 1.218 Netherlands ..................4.9 1.319 Japan ............................4.9 1.320 Qatar .............................4.9 1.421 New Zealand.................4.8 1.422 Israel .............................4.8 1.523 Indonesia ......................4.7 0.924 Sweden ........................4.7 1.525 India ..............................4.7 1.526 Cyprus ..........................4.7 1.427 France...........................4.6 1.628 Malta.............................4.6 1.229 United Kingdom............4.5 1.530 Czech Republic .............4.5 1.531 Estonia ..........................4.4 1.432 United Arab Emirates ...4.4 1.533 Germany .......................4.4 1.434 Poland...........................4.4 1.135 Latvia ............................4.4 1.636 Luxembourg .................4.3 1.637 Kenya............................4.2 1.638 Korea, Rep. ...................4.1 1.439 Zimbabwe.....................4.1 1.740 Costa Rica.....................4.1 1.441 Thailand ........................4.1 1.442 Hungary ........................4.0 1.543 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.0 1.844 Jordan...........................4.0 1.645 Lithuania .......................3.9 1.446 Serbia and Montenegro..3.9 2.047 Ukraine .........................3.9 1.648 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.9 1.849 Slovak Republic ............3.9 1.550 Kazakhstan....................3.8 1.551 Romania........................3.8 1.752 Slovenia ........................3.8 1.653 Croatia ..........................3.8 1.554 Russian Federation .......3.7 1.655 Gambia .........................3.7 1.456 Colombia.......................3.7 1.557 Botswana......................3.7 1.758 Portugal ........................3.7 1.259 Zambia ..........................3.6 1.960 Greece ..........................3.6 1.661 Philippines ....................3.6 1.662 Kuwait...........................3.5 1.5


63 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.5 1.764 Uganda .........................3.4 1.965 Mauritius.......................3.4 1.466 El Salvador ....................3.4 1.367 Spain.............................3.4 1.568 Jamaica.........................3.4 1.669 Moldova........................3.4 1.770 Sri Lanka .......................3.3 1.871 Nigeria ..........................3.3 1.772 Italy ...............................3.3 1.573 Turkey ...........................3.2 1.574 Pakistan ........................3.2 1.575 Uruguay ........................3.2 1.476 Chile..............................3.2 1.477 Guyana..........................3.2 1.678 Kyrgyz Republic ............3.2 1.779 Bahrain..........................3.2 1.780 Albania ..........................3.1 1.581 Cambodia......................3.1 1.582 Mexico..........................3.1 1.483 Bulgaria .........................3.1 1.584 Tanzania ........................3.1 1.485 Lesotho.........................3.1 1.786 Azerbaijan .....................3.1 1.687 China.............................3.0 1.588 Armenia ........................3.0 1.688 Cameroon .....................3.0 1.790 Madagascar ..................3.0 1.491 Morocco .......................2.9 1.592 Algeria...........................2.9 1.493 Benin ............................2.9 1.694 Georgia .........................2.9 1.395 Ethiopia .........................2.9 1.496 Mongolia .......................2.9 1.597 Malawi ..........................2.9 1.898 South Africa ..................2.8 1.099 Argentina ......................2.8 1.4

100 Vietnam.........................2.7 1.4101 Nepal ............................2.7 1.4102 Bangladesh ...................2.7 1.3103 Nicaragua......................2.7 1.4104 Egypt ............................2.7 1.5105 Burundi .........................2.7 1.7105 Panama.........................2.7 1.3107 Tajikistan .......................2.7 1.5108 Namibia.........................2.6 1.3109 Mali ...............................2.6 1.5110 Mauritania .....................2.6 1.2111 Guatemala ....................2.6 1.2112 Venezuela .....................2.6 1.3113 Mozambique.................2.6 1.2114 Brazil .............................2.5 1.4115 Burkina Faso .................2.5 1.4116 Suriname ......................2.5 1.2117 Dominican Republic......2.3 1.1118 Honduras ......................2.3 1.2119 Ecuador.........................2.3 1.1120 Angola...........................2.2 1.0121 Chad .............................2.1 1.4122 Bolivia ...........................2.1 1.0123 Peru ..............................2.0 0.8124 Paraguay .......................1.9 1.0

11.03 Quality of the educational system

The educational system in your country (1 = does not meet the needs of a competitive economy, 7 = meets the needs of a competitiveeconomy)


432

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 432


1 Germany .......................6.1 0.81 Japan ............................6.1 0.83 United Kingdom............6.0 1.14 Switzerland ...................6.0 0.95 United States................6.0 1.16 Finland ..........................5.9 0.77 Netherlands ..................5.8 0.88 Sweden ........................5.8 0.79 Belgium ........................5.8 1.0

10 Israel .............................5.6 1.111 Denmark .......................5.6 0.912 France...........................5.6 1.113 Canada..........................5.6 1.014 Austria ..........................5.3 1.015 Norway .........................5.2 0.916 Australia ........................5.2 1.217 Singapore......................5.1 1.118 Hong Kong SAR............5.1 1.219 Iceland ..........................5.1 1.220 Czech Republic .............5.0 1.121 Taiwan, China................5.0 1.122 Malaysia........................4.9 1.323 Ireland...........................4.9 0.924 Indonesia ......................4.8 0.825 New Zealand.................4.8 1.126 Estonia ..........................4.8 1.227 Italy ...............................4.8 1.628 India ..............................4.7 1.429 Korea, Rep. ...................4.7 1.130 South Africa ..................4.7 1.131 Chile..............................4.6 1.232 Brazil .............................4.6 1.433 Tunisia...........................4.6 1.434 Croatia ..........................4.5 1.335 Spain.............................4.4 1.236 Hungary ........................4.4 1.237 Slovenia ........................4.4 1.238 Portugal ........................4.4 1.239 Poland...........................4.4 0.940 Costa Rica.....................4.3 1.441 Turkey ...........................4.3 1.142 United Arab Emirates ...4.3 1.643 Argentina ......................4.3 1.544 Romania........................4.3 1.345 Slovak Republic ............4.2 1.246 China.............................4.2 1.347 Mexico..........................4.2 1.448 Lithuania .......................4.2 1.149 Kenya............................4.2 1.550 Latvia ............................4.1 1.351 Luxembourg .................4.1 1.552 Serbia and Montenegro..4.0 1.553 Kuwait...........................4.0 1.554 Tanzania ........................4.0 1.755 Guatemala ....................3.9 1.356 Jamaica.........................3.9 1.557 Qatar .............................3.9 1.958 Morocco .......................3.9 1.759 Greece ..........................3.9 1.360 Nigeria ..........................3.9 1.861 Uganda .........................3.9 1.662 Jordan...........................3.9 1.5


63 Peru ..............................3.9 1.564 Uruguay ........................3.8 1.365 Cyprus ..........................3.8 1.566 Thailand ........................3.8 1.267 Kazakhstan....................3.7 1.268 Azerbaijan .....................3.7 1.769 Russian Federation .......3.7 1.470 Colombia.......................3.7 1.371 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.6 1.472 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.6 1.573 Panama.........................3.6 1.474 El Salvador ....................3.5 1.475 Philippines ....................3.5 1.476 Vietnam.........................3.5 1.577 Barbados.......................3.5 1.578 Mongolia .......................3.5 1.579 Egypt ............................3.5 1.580 Bulgaria .........................3.5 1.581 Nicaragua......................3.4 1.482 Sri Lanka .......................3.4 1.583 Pakistan ........................3.4 1.584 Honduras ......................3.4 1.585 Mauritius.......................3.4 1.486 Ukraine .........................3.4 1.187 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.3 1.388 Malta.............................3.3 1.589 Dominican Republic......3.3 1.690 Ecuador.........................3.3 1.491 Burkina Faso .................3.3 1.692 Venezuela .....................3.3 1.493 Mali ...............................3.2 1.994 Moldova........................3.2 1.395 Cambodia......................3.1 1.496 Bahrain..........................3.1 1.797 Cameroon .....................3.1 1.598 Benin ............................3.1 1.699 Madagascar ..................3.1 1.4

100 Algeria...........................3.0 1.4101 Botswana......................3.0 1.4102 Bolivia ...........................2.9 1.4103 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.9 1.4104 Armenia ........................2.9 1.3105 Malawi ..........................2.9 1.6106 Tajikistan .......................2.9 1.4107 Georgia .........................2.8 1.3108 Paraguay .......................2.8 1.4108 Zimbabwe.....................2.8 1.4110 Ethiopia .........................2.6 1.4111 Mozambique.................2.6 1.3112 Gambia .........................2.6 1.2113 Guyana..........................2.5 1.3114 Nepal ............................2.5 1.1115 Suriname ......................2.5 1.3116 Chad .............................2.5 1.7117 Lesotho.........................2.5 1.5118 Albania ..........................2.5 1.3119 Namibia.........................2.4 1.1120 Bangladesh ...................2.4 1.4121 Mauritania .....................2.2 1.8122 Angola...........................2.2 1.3123 Burundi .........................2.2 1.4124 Zambia ..........................2.2 1.2

11.04 Local availability of specialized research and training services

In your country, specialized research and training services are (1 = not available, 7 = available from world-class local institutions)


433

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 433


1 Switzerland ...................6.1 0.82 Denmark .......................5.9 0.93 Japan ............................5.9 0.93 Sweden ........................5.9 0.85 Austria ..........................5.8 0.96 Netherlands ..................5.7 0.87 Germany .......................5.7 1.08 Finland ..........................5.6 0.99 United States................5.6 1.2

10 Norway .........................5.5 0.911 Iceland ..........................5.4 1.012 Singapore......................5.4 1.013 Belgium ........................5.4 1.114 Luxembourg .................5.4 1.115 Ireland...........................5.4 1.016 United Kingdom............5.3 1.217 Malaysia........................5.3 1.118 Korea, Rep. ...................5.2 1.019 Taiwan, China................5.2 1.020 Australia ........................5.1 1.021 Hong Kong SAR............5.1 1.122 France...........................5.1 1.223 Israel .............................5.1 1.024 Canada..........................5.0 1.225 New Zealand.................5.0 0.826 South Africa ..................4.9 1.127 Estonia ..........................4.8 1.128 India ..............................4.8 1.329 Czech Republic .............4.7 1.130 Thailand ........................4.6 1.131 Costa Rica.....................4.5 1.232 Slovenia ........................4.4 1.233 Mauritius.......................4.4 1.034 Chile..............................4.4 1.135 Philippines ....................4.3 1.236 Tunisia...........................4.3 1.537 United Arab Emirates ...4.3 1.638 Brazil .............................4.2 1.339 Turkey ...........................4.2 1.140 Indonesia ......................4.2 0.941 Spain.............................4.0 1.242 Latvia ............................4.0 1.443 Lithuania .......................4.0 1.444 Malta.............................4.0 1.245 Slovak Republic ............4.0 1.246 Kuwait...........................3.9 1.647 Mexico..........................3.9 1.348 Poland...........................3.8 0.949 Barbados.......................3.8 1.350 Zimbabwe.....................3.8 1.251 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.8 1.452 Greece ..........................3.8 1.253 Hungary ........................3.8 1.354 Jamaica.........................3.8 1.255 Portugal ........................3.8 0.956 Kenya............................3.7 1.557 Qatar .............................3.7 1.758 Panama.........................3.7 1.359 Bahrain..........................3.7 1.860 Jordan...........................3.6 1.561 Croatia ..........................3.6 1.362 Italy ...............................3.6 1.3


63 El Salvador ....................3.6 1.264 Namibia.........................3.6 1.365 Nigeria ..........................3.5 1.766 Peru ..............................3.5 1.367 Colombia.......................3.5 1.268 Botswana......................3.5 1.469 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.5 1.570 Cyprus ..........................3.4 1.171 Vietnam.........................3.4 1.472 Argentina ......................3.4 1.173 Guatemala ....................3.4 1.274 Uganda .........................3.4 1.775 Sri Lanka .......................3.4 1.376 China.............................3.4 1.377 Mauritania .....................3.3 1.878 Mozambique.................3.3 1.479 Kazakhstan....................3.3 1.480 Uruguay ........................3.3 1.181 Romania........................3.3 1.282 Venezuela .....................3.3 1.183 Egypt ............................3.3 1.784 Mongolia .......................3.2 1.685 Morocco .......................3.2 1.586 Malawi ..........................3.2 1.487 Tanzania ........................3.1 1.388 Gambia .........................3.1 1.389 Cambodia......................3.1 1.590 Dominican Republic......3.1 1.391 Pakistan ........................3.1 1.592 Lesotho.........................3.1 1.493 Honduras ......................3.1 1.494 Azerbaijan .....................3.0 1.395 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.0 1.595 Georgia .........................3.0 1.297 Guyana..........................3.0 1.398 Algeria...........................3.0 1.499 Russian Federation .......2.9 1.3

100 Ukraine .........................2.9 1.2101 Madagascar ..................2.9 1.3102 Moldova........................2.9 1.3103 Armenia ........................2.8 1.3104 Ecuador.........................2.8 1.1105 Nicaragua......................2.7 1.2106 Burkina Faso .................2.7 1.5107 Angola...........................2.7 1.2108 Benin ............................2.7 1.5109 Suriname ......................2.7 1.2110 Tajikistan .......................2.7 1.4111 Albania ..........................2.7 1.3112 Cameroon .....................2.7 1.4113 Bulgaria .........................2.6 1.2114 Paraguay .......................2.6 1.1115 Bangladesh ...................2.6 1.1116 Bolivia ...........................2.5 1.0117 Mali ...............................2.5 1.3118 Nepal ............................2.4 1.0119 Ethiopia .........................2.4 1.0120 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.4 1.3121 Serbia and Montenegro..2.3 1.1122 Burundi .........................2.2 1.3123 Chad .............................1.8 1.2124 Zambia ..........................1.7 1.1

11.05 Extent of staff training

The general approach of companies in your country to human resources is (1 = to invest little in training and employee development, 7 = to invest heavily to attract, train, and retain employees)


434

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 434


1 Zambia ..........................5.9 1.82 Singapore......................5.9 1.03 Mauritania .....................5.7 1.54 Switzerland ...................5.7 1.25 Azerbaijan .....................5.7 1.46 Iceland ..........................5.6 1.87 Kazakhstan....................5.6 1.28 Denmark .......................5.4 1.79 Kyrgyz Republic ............5.4 1.5

10 Dominican Republic......5.3 1.411 United States................5.2 1.512 Mongolia .......................5.2 1.713 Hong Kong SAR............5.1 2.014 Uganda .........................5.1 1.615 Slovak Republic ............5.1 1.416 Georgia .........................5.1 1.417 Russian Federation .......5.1 1.618 Albania ..........................5.0 1.819 Nigeria ..........................5.0 1.820 Ukraine .........................4.8 1.821 El Salvador ....................4.8 1.822 Tajikistan .......................4.8 2.023 United Arab Emirates ...4.7 1.824 Guyana..........................4.6 1.525 Bangladesh ...................4.6 1.926 Pakistan ........................4.6 1.427 Taiwan, China................4.6 1.528 Guatemala ....................4.5 1.729 Gambia .........................4.5 1.730 Kenya............................4.5 1.931 Qatar .............................4.5 1.832 Tunisia...........................4.5 1.432 United Kingdom............4.5 1.534 Burundi .........................4.5 1.835 Israel .............................4.4 1.436 Moldova........................4.4 1.737 Cameroon .....................4.4 1.738 Nicaragua......................4.4 1.839 Benin ............................4.4 1.740 Mali ...............................4.3 1.841 Kuwait...........................4.3 2.142 Costa Rica.....................4.3 1.843 Bolivia ...........................4.3 1.744 Canada..........................4.3 1.545 Vietnam.........................4.2 1.746 Madagascar ..................4.2 1.747 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.2 1.848 Estonia ..........................4.2 1.649 Morocco .......................4.2 1.850 China.............................4.2 1.551 Jamaica.........................4.2 1.652 Latvia ............................4.2 1.853 Armenia ........................4.1 1.854 Croatia ..........................4.1 1.755 Honduras ......................4.1 1.856 Tanzania ........................4.1 1.757 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.0 1.858 Colombia.......................4.0 1.659 Malaysia........................4.0 1.860 Barbados.......................4.0 1.561 Serbia and Montenegro..4.0 1.862 Chile..............................4.0 1.7


63 Burkina Faso .................3.9 1.764 Poland...........................3.9 1.265 Thailand ........................3.8 1.866 Korea, Rep. ...................3.8 1.767 Mexico..........................3.8 1.868 Cambodia......................3.8 2.069 Hungary ........................3.8 1.770 Japan ............................3.8 1.871 Australia ........................3.8 1.672 Luxembourg .................3.8 1.773 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.7 1.774 Ethiopia .........................3.7 1.775 Malawi ..........................3.7 1.576 Bulgaria .........................3.7 1.777 Indonesia ......................3.7 0.978 Lesotho.........................3.7 1.979 New Zealand.................3.7 1.780 Angola...........................3.6 1.381 Algeria...........................3.6 1.982 Philippines ....................3.6 1.883 Chad .............................3.6 1.984 Austria ..........................3.6 1.685 Romania........................3.5 1.686 Botswana......................3.5 1.887 Malta.............................3.5 1.588 Turkey ...........................3.4 1.689 Ireland...........................3.4 1.590 Jordan...........................3.3 1.791 Finland ..........................3.3 1.792 Peru ..............................3.2 1.593 Namibia.........................3.2 1.694 Cyprus ..........................3.2 1.695 Nepal ............................3.1 1.696 Lithuania .......................3.1 1.697 Egypt ............................3.1 1.798 Sri Lanka .......................3.0 1.899 Panama.........................3.0 1.7

100 India ..............................3.0 1.7101 Uruguay ........................3.0 1.5102 Czech Republic .............3.0 1.5102 Paraguay .......................3.0 1.8104 Bahrain..........................2.9 1.7105 Ecuador.........................2.9 1.6106 Netherlands ..................2.9 1.5107 Mozambique.................2.8 1.5108 Greece ..........................2.8 1.3109 Slovenia ........................2.8 1.5110 Portugal ........................2.7 1.2111 Brazil .............................2.7 1.7112 Norway .........................2.7 1.7113 Spain.............................2.7 1.3114 Italy ...............................2.7 1.5115 Mauritius.......................2.6 1.4115 Zimbabwe.....................2.6 1.3117 Belgium ........................2.6 1.5118 Argentina ......................2.5 1.3119 Germany .......................2.5 1.4120 South Africa ..................2.4 1.1121 Suriname ......................2.4 1.4122 France...........................2.4 1.2123 Sweden ........................2.2 1.1124 Venezuela .....................2.0 1.3

11.06 Hiring and firing practices

The hiring and firing of workers is (1 = impeded by regulations, 7 = flexibly determined by employers)


435

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 435


1 Kuwait...........................6.3 1.22 Ireland...........................6.0 1.13 Georgia .........................6.0 1.24 Slovak Republic ............6.0 1.15 Armenia ........................5.9 1.46 Singapore......................5.9 1.17 Nicaragua......................5.8 1.48 Albania ..........................5.7 1.89 El Salvador ....................5.7 1.1

10 Dominican Republic......5.7 1.511 Luxembourg .................5.7 1.612 Zambia ..........................5.6 1.613 United Kingdom............5.6 1.214 Indonesia ......................5.6 1.015 Finland ..........................5.5 1.316 Paraguay .......................5.5 1.617 Uganda .........................5.5 1.618 Portugal ........................5.5 1.319 Peru ..............................5.5 1.520 United Arab Emirates ...5.5 1.621 Iceland ..........................5.5 1.222 Mauritania .....................5.5 2.023 Qatar .............................5.4 1.524 Hong Kong SAR............5.4 1.525 Chile..............................5.4 1.526 Switzerland ...................5.4 1.327 Egypt ............................5.4 1.828 India ..............................5.4 1.529 Uruguay ........................5.4 1.730 Czech Republic .............5.3 1.531 Guyana..........................5.3 1.532 Norway .........................5.3 1.233 Jamaica.........................5.3 1.434 Nigeria ..........................5.3 1.735 Burkina Faso .................5.3 1.836 Azerbaijan .....................5.2 1.737 Benin ............................5.2 1.738 Malaysia........................5.2 1.439 Mali ...............................5.2 1.940 Argentina ......................5.1 1.941 Morocco .......................5.1 1.742 Spain.............................5.1 1.643 United States................5.1 1.444 Costa Rica.....................5.1 1.545 Gambia .........................5.0 1.646 Suriname ......................5.0 2.047 Bolivia ...........................5.0 1.748 Serbia and Montenegro..5.0 1.749 Colombia.......................5.0 1.750 Latvia ............................4.9 1.651 Tanzania ........................4.9 1.852 Denmark .......................4.9 1.653 Honduras ......................4.9 1.854 Mexico..........................4.9 1.855 Cameroon .....................4.9 1.956 Italy ...............................4.8 1.757 Greece ..........................4.8 1.658 Germany .......................4.8 1.559 Moldova........................4.8 2.160 Burundi .........................4.8 2.061 Tunisia...........................4.8 1.862 Cambodia......................4.8 1.8


63 Vietnam.........................4.8 1.764 Guatemala ....................4.8 1.765 Pakistan ........................4.8 1.666 Hungary ........................4.7 1.767 Turkey ...........................4.7 1.668 New Zealand.................4.7 1.469 Tajikistan .......................4.7 1.970 France...........................4.7 1.671 Angola...........................4.7 1.872 Macedonia, FYR ...........4.7 1.673 China.............................4.6 1.474 Brazil .............................4.6 1.875 Taiwan, China................4.6 1.676 Japan ............................4.6 1.677 Estonia ..........................4.5 1.678 Lithuania .......................4.5 1.679 Madagascar ..................4.5 1.780 Belgium ........................4.5 1.681 Netherlands ..................4.5 1.582 Australia ........................4.4 1.683 Jordan...........................4.4 1.884 Thailand ........................4.4 1.685 Mongolia .......................4.4 1.986 Slovenia ........................4.4 1.687 Sweden ........................4.4 2.088 Kenya............................4.4 1.989 Croatia ..........................4.4 1.590 Kyrgyz Republic ............4.4 1.991 Bulgaria .........................4.3 1.692 Malta.............................4.3 1.693 Cyprus ..........................4.3 1.993 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.3 1.795 Israel .............................4.3 1.896 Romania........................4.3 1.697 Ethiopia .........................4.2 2.098 Canada..........................4.2 1.799 Barbados.......................4.2 1.7

100 Venezuela .....................4.2 1.9101 Ukraine .........................4.2 1.9102 Sri Lanka .......................4.2 2.0103 Poland...........................4.2 1.2104 Philippines ....................4.1 1.6105 Ecuador.........................4.1 1.8106 Bosnia and Herzegovina .4.1 1.9107 Bahrain..........................4.0 2.1107 Mauritius.......................4.0 1.9109 Russian Federation .......4.0 1.8110 Panama.........................3.9 1.8111 Kazakhstan....................3.9 1.7112 Austria ..........................3.9 1.7113 Chad .............................3.8 2.0114 Lesotho.........................3.8 2.1115 Bangladesh ...................3.8 1.8116 Botswana......................3.8 1.9117 Algeria...........................3.7 1.9118 Korea, Rep. ...................3.7 1.4119 Malawi ..........................3.7 1.8120 Mozambique.................3.4 1.7121 South Africa ..................3.3 1.5122 Nepal ............................3.0 1.7123 Zimbabwe.....................2.9 1.8124 Namibia.........................2.6 1.4

11.07 Difficulty of hiring foreign labor

Labor regulation in your country (1 = prevents your company from employing foreign labor, 7 = does not prevent your company fromemploying foreign labor)


436

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 436


1 Azerbaijan............................<0.11 Bosnia and Herzegovina .....<0.11 Bulgaria ...............................<0.11 Croatia.................................<0.11 Cyprus.................................<0.11 Egypt...................................<0.11 Hong Kong SAR..................<0.11 Japan...................................<0.11 Jordan .................................<0.11 Korea, Rep. .........................<0.11 Kuwait .................................<0.11 Macedonia, FYR..................<0.11 Mauritius .............................<0.11 Mongolia .............................<0.11 Philippines...........................<0.11 Qatar ...................................<0.11 Romania ..............................<0.11 Slovak Republic...................<0.11 Slovenia...............................<0.11 Sri Lanka .............................<0.11 Taiwan, China......................<0.11 Tajikistan .............................<0.11 Tunisia .................................<0.11 Turkey .................................<0.1

25 Albania...................................0.125 Algeria ...................................0.125 Armenia .................................0.125 Australia.................................0.125 Bolivia ....................................0.125 China .....................................0.125 Czech Republic......................0.125 Finland...................................0.125 Georgia ..................................0.125 Germany................................0.125 Hungary .................................0.125 Indonesia ...............................0.125 Ireland....................................0.125 Israel......................................0.125 Kyrgyz Republic.....................0.125 Lithuania ................................0.125 Morocco ................................0.125 New Zealand .........................0.125 Norway..................................0.125 Pakistan .................................0.125 Poland....................................0.125 Sweden .................................0.147 United Arab Emirates ............0.248 Bahrain ..................................0.248 Belgium .................................0.248 Denmark................................0.248 Greece...................................0.248 Iceland...................................0.248 Kazakhstan ............................0.248 Luxembourg ..........................0.248 Malta .....................................0.248 Moldova.................................0.248 Netherlands ...........................0.248 Nicaragua...............................0.248 Serbia and Montenegro.........0.248 Singapore ..............................0.248 United Kingdom ....................0.262 Austria ...................................0.3


62 Bangladesh............................0.362 Canada...................................0.362 Chile ......................................0.362 Ecuador .................................0.362 Mexico...................................0.362 Uruguay .................................0.369 France....................................0.469 Malaysia ................................0.469 Portugal .................................0.469 Switzerland............................0.469 Vietnam .................................0.474 Italy........................................0.574 Nepal .....................................0.574 Paraguay................................0.574 Peru .......................................0.578 Costa Rica .............................0.678 Latvia .....................................0.678 Mauritania..............................0.678 United States ........................0.682 Argentina ...............................0.782 Brazil......................................0.782 Colombia ...............................0.782 El Salvador.............................0.782 Spain......................................0.782 Venezuela ..............................0.788 India.......................................0.988 Panama..................................0.990 Estonia...................................1.190 Guatemala .............................1.190 Russian Federation................1.193 Gambia ..................................1.293 Jamaica .................................1.295 Ukraine ..................................1.496 Barbados ...............................1.596 Thailand .................................1.598 Dominican Republic ..............1.798 Madagascar ...........................1.798 Suriname ...............................1.7

101 Honduras ...............................1.8102 Benin .....................................1.9102 Mali........................................1.9104 Guyana ..................................2.5105 Cambodia ..............................2.6106 Trinidad and Tobago...............3.2107 Angola ...................................3.9108 Uganda ..................................4.1109 Burkina Faso..........................4.2110 Ethiopia..................................4.4111 Chad ......................................4.8112 Nigeria ...................................5.4113 Burundi ..................................6.0114 Kenya.....................................6.7115 Cameroon..............................6.9116 Tanzania.................................8.8117 Mozambique........................12.2118 Malawi.................................14.2119 Zambia.................................16.5120 Namibia ...............................21.3121 South Africa.........................21.5122 Zimbabwe............................24.6123 Lesotho ...............................28.9124 Botswana ............................37.3

11.08 HIV prevalence

HIV prevalence as a percentage of adults aged 15–49 years, 2003 or most recent year available

SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006, World Health Report 2006; national sources

437

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 437


1 Albania...................................0.01 Australia.................................0.01 Austria ...................................0.01 Bahrain ..................................0.01 Barbados ...............................0.01 Belgium .................................0.01 Bosnia and Herzegovina........0.01 Bulgaria..................................0.01 Canada...................................0.01 Croatia ...................................0.01 Cyprus ...................................0.01 Czech Republic......................0.01 Denmark................................0.01 Egypt .....................................0.01 Estonia...................................0.01 Finland...................................0.01 France....................................0.01 Germany................................0.01 Greece...................................0.01 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.01 Hungary .................................0.01 Iceland...................................0.01 Ireland....................................0.01 Israel......................................0.01 Italy........................................0.01 Japan.....................................0.01 Jordan....................................0.01 Kuwait ...................................0.01 Latvia .....................................0.01 Lesotho .................................0.01 Lithuania ................................0.01 Luxembourg ..........................0.01 Macedonia, FYR ....................0.01 Malta .....................................0.01 Mongolia................................0.01 Netherlands ...........................0.01 New Zealand .........................0.01 Norway..................................0.01 Poland....................................0.01 Portugal .................................0.01 Qatar......................................0.01 Romania ................................0.01 Russian Federation................0.01 Serbia and Montenegro.........0.01 Singapore ..............................0.01 Slovak Republic .....................0.01 Slovenia .................................0.01 Spain......................................0.01 Sweden .................................0.01 Switzerland............................0.01 Tunisia ...................................0.01 Ukraine ..................................0.01 United Arab Emirates ............0.01 United Kingdom ....................0.01 United States ........................0.0

56 Chile ......................................0.057 Taiwan, China ........................0.158 Kazakhstan ............................0.159 Moldova.................................0.160 Morocco ................................0.261 Argentina ...............................0.362 Armenia .................................0.9


63 Algeria ...................................1.064 Trinidad and Tobago...............1.265 El Salvador.............................1.366 Uruguay .................................1.667 Mauritius ...............................1.868 Kyrgyz Republic.....................1.969 Korea, Rep.............................2.370 China .....................................3.171 Mexico...................................3.272 Jamaica .................................5.273 Azerbaijan ..............................5.774 Georgia ..................................6.275 Paraguay..............................11.676 Turkey..................................12.977 Malaysia ..............................22.478 Dominican Republic ............26.579 South Africa.........................29.980 Costa Rica ...........................30.081 Nepal ...................................37.382 Bangladesh..........................38.883 Vietnam ...............................46.084 Philippines ...........................54.685 Sri Lanka..............................55.086 Thailand ...............................59.587 Pakistan ...............................81.588 Tajikistan..............................87.589 Indonesia .............................98.990 Nicaragua...........................122.591 Honduras ...........................146.792 Panama..............................159.293 Bolivia ................................165.794 India...................................167.295 Venezuela ..........................178.196 Ecuador .............................224.297 Guatemala .........................253.198 Brazil..................................254.299 Colombia ...........................260.3

100 Peru ...................................292.2101 Kenya.................................389.3102 Cambodia ..........................505.4103 Ethiopia..............................799.5104 Botswana .......................1,245.4105 Suriname ........................1,906.6106 Nigeria ............................2,103.6107 Cameroon.......................2,900.0108 Tanzania..........................3,000.0109 Guyana ...........................3,773.3110 Chad ...............................4,767.9111 Mauritania.......................5,979.4112 Mali.................................6,226.4113 Zimbabwe.......................9,562.4114 Angola ..........................10,139.1115 Burkina Faso.................11,894.5116 Madagascar ..................12,151.7117 Benin ............................12,172.5118 Gambia .........................17,340.0119 Zambia..........................18,964.0120 Namibia ........................22,204.1121 Malawi..........................24,180.7122 Mozambique.................26,919.9123 Burundi .........................26,993.9124 Uganda .........................47,842.7

11.09 Malaria incidence

Malaria cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004 or most recent year available

SOURCE: World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF, World Malaria Report 2005; WHO Regional Offices; UNFPA, State of World Population 2005;World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006; UNDP, Human Development Report 2006; national sources

438

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 438


1 Iceland...................................2.12 Sweden .................................3.43 United States ........................3.64 Norway..................................4.15 Canada...................................4.26 Cyprus ...................................4.37 Malta .....................................4.68 Jordan....................................5.09 Italy........................................5.6

10 Switzerland............................5.711 Australia.................................5.812 Denmark................................6.213 Netherlands ...........................6.314 Germany................................6.315 Finland...................................7.016 Israel......................................7.017 Jamaica .................................9.218 United Kingdom ....................9.219 Ireland....................................9.320 Luxembourg ..........................9.421 France....................................9.822 Belgium ...............................10.523 Austria .................................10.824 New Zealand .......................10.825 Czech Republic....................11.226 Barbados .............................12.327 Trinidad and Tobago.............12.428 Costa Rica ...........................15.329 Chile ....................................15.830 Slovenia ...............................16.831 Greece.................................17.032 Spain....................................19.833 Slovak Republic ...................23.434 Tunisia .................................24.035 United Arab Emirates ..........25.936 Hungary ...............................29.737 Kuwait .................................29.838 Albania.................................30.739 Poland..................................31.940 Uruguay ...............................32.841 Macedonia, FYR ..................33.642 Portugal ...............................34.843 Egypt ...................................34.944 Bulgaria................................36.145 Japan...................................39.446 Singapore ............................40.847 Mexico.................................43.248 Panama................................44.749 Turkey..................................44.850 Estonia.................................49.251 Bahrain ................................49.852 Serbia and Montenegro.......49.853 Venezuela ............................52.354 Argentina .............................53.055 Bosnia and Herzegovina......53.456 Algeria .................................53.957 Croatia .................................65.058 Lithuania ..............................66.559 Latvia ...................................71.560 Taiwan, China ......................74.161 El Salvador...........................74.562 Colombia .............................74.7


63 Qatar....................................76.664 Brazil....................................76.765 Hong Kong SAR ..................77.066 Nicaragua.............................80.267 Georgia ................................89.368 Azerbaijan ............................89.669 Sri Lanka..............................90.970 Honduras .............................97.071 Suriname .............................97.772 Armenia ...............................98.273 Morocco ............................105.274 Paraguay............................106.875 Guatemala .........................107.376 Dominican Republic ..........117.677 Korea, Rep.........................124.678 Malaysia ............................132.779 Mauritius ...........................135.480 Kyrgyz Republic.................136.681 Benin .................................142.382 Ukraine ..............................150.883 Kazakhstan ........................160.384 Russian Federation............160.385 Guyana ..............................185.486 Romania ............................187.987 Ecuador .............................196.388 Thailand .............................207.789 Mongolia............................208.990 Moldova.............................213.991 Peru ...................................216.092 China .................................221.193 Cameroon..........................227.494 Vietnam .............................231.895 Nepal .................................256.796 Indonesia ...........................275.297 Tajikistan............................276.898 Bolivia ................................289.899 Angola ...............................309.9

100 India...................................312.2101 Pakistan .............................328.7102 Gambia ..............................328.7103 Madagascar .......................351.2104 Burkina Faso......................365.1105 Bangladesh........................435.4106 Philippines .........................463.3107 Tanzania.............................478.6108 Malawi...............................500.9109 Mauritania..........................502.4110 Nigeria ...............................531.3111 Ethiopia..............................533.2112 Lesotho .............................544.0113 Botswana ..........................552.8114 Burundi ..............................563.7115 Chad ..................................565.7116 Mali....................................577.9117 Namibia .............................585.7118 Mozambique......................635.1119 Uganda ..............................646.4120 South Africa.......................669.9121 Zimbabwe..........................672.6122 Zambia...............................707.3123 Cambodia ..........................708.7124 Kenya.................................888.4

11.10 Tuberculosis incidence

Tuberculosis cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004

SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2006, World Health Report 2006, Global Report 2006; national sources

439

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 439


1 Hong Kong SAR ..................82.01 Japan...................................82.03 Australia...............................81.03 Iceland.................................81.03 Italy......................................81.03 Sweden ...............................81.03 Switzerland..........................81.08 Canada.................................80.08 France..................................80.08 Israel....................................80.08 New Zealand .......................80.08 Norway................................80.08 Singapore ............................80.08 Spain....................................80.0

15 Austria .................................79.015 Cyprus .................................79.015 Finland.................................79.015 Germany..............................79.015 Greece.................................79.015 Luxembourg ........................79.015 Malta ...................................79.015 Netherlands .........................79.015 United Kingdom ..................79.024 Belgium ...............................78.024 Denmark..............................78.024 Ireland..................................78.024 Portugal ...............................78.024 United States ......................78.029 Chile ....................................77.029 Costa Rica ...........................77.029 Korea, Rep...........................77.029 Kuwait .................................77.029 Slovenia ...............................77.029 United Arab Emirates ..........77.035 Taiwan, China ......................76.436 Czech Republic....................76.036 Panama................................76.036 Qatar....................................76.039 Argentina .............................75.039 Barbados .............................75.039 Croatia .................................75.039 Poland..................................75.039 Uruguay ...............................75.039 Venezuela ............................75.045 Bahrain ................................74.045 Georgia ................................74.045 Mexico.................................74.045 Slovak Republic ...................74.049 Bosnia and Herzegovina......73.049 Colombia .............................73.049 Hungary ...............................73.049 Serbia and Montenegro.......73.053 Albania.................................72.053 Bulgaria................................72.053 China ...................................72.053 Ecuador ...............................72.053 Estonia.................................72.053 Jamaica ...............................72.053 Lithuania ..............................72.053 Macedonia, FYR ..................72.053 Malaysia ..............................72.053 Mauritius .............................72.0


53 Paraguay..............................72.053 Romania ..............................72.053 Tunisia .................................72.066 Algeria .................................71.066 El Salvador...........................71.066 Jordan..................................71.066 Latvia ...................................71.066 Morocco ..............................71.066 Peru .....................................71.066 Sri Lanka..............................71.066 Turkey..................................71.066 Vietnam ...............................71.075 Brazil....................................70.075 Thailand ...............................70.075 Trinidad and Tobago.............70.078 Nicaragua.............................69.079 Armenia ...............................68.079 Egypt ...................................68.079 Guatemala ...........................68.079 Philippines ...........................68.083 Dominican Republic ............67.083 Honduras .............................67.083 Indonesia .............................67.083 Moldova...............................67.083 Suriname .............................67.083 Ukraine ................................67.089 Azerbaijan ............................65.089 Bolivia ..................................65.089 Mongolia..............................65.089 Russian Federation..............65.093 Guyana ................................63.093 Kyrgyz Republic...................63.093 Tajikistan..............................63.096 Bangladesh..........................62.096 India.....................................62.096 Pakistan ...............................62.099 Kazakhstan ..........................61.099 Nepal ...................................61.0

101 Mauritania............................58.0102 Gambia ................................57.0102 Madagascar .........................57.0104 Cambodia ............................54.0104 Namibia ...............................54.0106 Benin ...................................53.0107 Kenya...................................51.0108 Cameroon............................50.0108 Ethiopia................................50.0110 Uganda ................................49.0111 Burkina Faso........................48.0111 South Africa.........................48.0111 Tanzania...............................48.0114 Chad ....................................46.0114 Mali......................................46.0114 Nigeria .................................46.0117 Burundi ................................45.0117 Mozambique........................45.0119 Lesotho ...............................41.0119 Malawi.................................41.0121 Angola .................................40.0121 Botswana ............................40.0121 Zambia.................................40.0124 Zimbabwe............................36.0

11.11 Life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth (years), 2004

SOURCE: World Health Organization, World Health Report 2006; World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006; national sources

440

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| H

uman

reso

urce

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 440

441

Pillar 12National tourism perception

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 441


1 Barbados .............................31.52 Cyprus .................................24.53 Croatia .................................23.84 Albania.................................22.95 Mongolia..............................22.06 Luxembourg ........................19.87 Georgia ................................19.38 Mauritius .............................18.69 Jamaica ...............................18.4

10 Malta ...................................17.211 Bahrain ................................15.612 Dominican Republic ............15.213 Bulgaria................................14.214 Mozambique........................13.915 Hong Kong SAR ..................13.916 Ukraine ................................12.517 Cambodia ............................12.418 Greece.................................12.319 Jordan..................................12.020 Malaysia ..............................11.921 Estonia.................................11.822 Malawi.................................11.523 Singapore ............................11.024 Tanzania...............................10.525 Austria .................................10.326 Thailand .................................9.627 Moldova.................................9.528 Morocco ................................8.929 Honduras ...............................8.830 Costa Rica .............................8.731 Denmark................................8.632 Belgium .................................8.633 New Zealand .........................8.334 Tunisia ...................................8.335 Argentina ...............................7.936 Kuwait ...................................7.837 Iceland...................................7.638 Slovenia .................................7.539 Hungary .................................7.340 Turkey....................................7.241 Panama..................................7.242 Portugal .................................6.943 Spain......................................6.644 Guyana ..................................6.545 Madagascar ...........................6.146 Egypt .....................................5.847 Armenia .................................5.748 Ireland....................................5.549 Kazakhstan ............................5.450 Czech Republic......................5.351 Sweden .................................5.252 Switzerland............................5.153 Netherlands ...........................5.154 Slovak Republic .....................5.055 South Africa...........................4.756 Lesotho .................................4.757 Indonesia ...............................4.758 Guatemala .............................4.359 Suriname ...............................4.360 Ecuador .................................4.361 El Salvador.............................4.262 Uruguay .................................4.2


63 Russian Federation................4.064 Germany................................4.065 Kyrgyz Republic.....................4.066 Norway..................................3.967 France....................................3.968 Trinidad and Tobago...............3.869 United Kingdom ....................3.770 Australia.................................3.671 Nicaragua...............................3.672 Italy........................................3.673 Lithuania ................................3.274 Latvia .....................................3.275 Colombia ...............................3.276 Sri Lanka................................3.177 Kenya.....................................3.178 China .....................................3.079 Israel......................................3.080 Burundi ..................................2.881 Korea, Rep.............................2.882 Bolivia ....................................2.883 Canada...................................2.784 Peru .......................................2.785 Romania ................................2.686 Finland...................................2.687 Ethiopia..................................2.688 Benin .....................................2.689 Poland....................................2.690 Bosnia and Herzegovina........2.591 Mexico...................................2.292 Chile ......................................2.193 Philippines .............................2.094 Azerbaijan ..............................1.995 Nigeria ...................................1.896 Brazil......................................1.497 India.......................................1.398 Paraguay................................1.299 United States ........................1.2

100 Venezuela ..............................1.1101 Angola ...................................1.0102 Algeria ...................................0.7103 Japan.....................................0.7104 Bangladesh............................0.6105 Pakistan .................................0.4106 Tajikistan................................0.4n/a Botswana...............................n/an/a Burkina Faso..........................n/an/a Cameroon..............................n/an/a Chad ......................................n/an/a Gambia ..................................n/an/a Macedonia, FYR ....................n/an/a Mali........................................n/an/a Mauritania..............................n/an/a Namibia..................................n/an/a Nepal .....................................n/an/a Qatar......................................n/an/a Serbia and Montenegro.........n/an/a Taiwan, China ........................n/an/a Uganda ..................................n/an/a United Arab Emirates ............n/an/a Vietnam .................................n/an/a Zambia ...................................n/an/a Zimbabwe..............................n/a

12.01 Tourism openness

Tourism expenditures and receipts as a percentage of GDP, 2004

SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006

442

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| N

atio

nal t

ouris

m p

erce

ptio

n

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 442


1 Burkina Faso .................6.9 0.42 New Zealand.................6.8 0.43 Zambia ..........................6.8 0.44 Uganda .........................6.8 0.45 United Arab Emirates ...6.8 0.46 Thailand ........................6.8 0.47 Canada..........................6.8 0.58 Dominican Republic......6.8 0.49 Iceland ..........................6.8 0.5

10 Malta.............................6.8 0.511 Austria ..........................6.8 0.512 Singapore......................6.7 0.513 Mauritania .....................6.7 0.714 Gambia .........................6.7 0.615 Norway .........................6.7 0.516 Cyprus ..........................6.7 0.617 Ireland...........................6.7 0.618 Kenya............................6.7 0.919 Philippines ....................6.7 0.620 Australia ........................6.7 0.621 Macedonia, FYR ...........6.7 0.722 Jamaica.........................6.7 0.623 Greece ..........................6.7 0.824 Mali ...............................6.7 0.625 Armenia ........................6.7 0.526 Barbados.......................6.7 1.027 Mexico..........................6.7 0.628 Hong Kong SAR............6.6 0.629 Serbia and Montenegro..6.6 0.930 Croatia ..........................6.6 0.831 Mauritius.......................6.6 1.032 Cambodia......................6.6 0.633 Azerbaijan .....................6.6 0.833 Uruguay ........................6.6 0.635 Morocco .......................6.6 0.836 Malaysia........................6.6 0.837 Belgium ........................6.6 0.638 South Africa ..................6.6 0.638 Spain.............................6.6 0.540 Brazil .............................6.6 0.741 Ethiopia .........................6.6 0.742 India ..............................6.6 0.843 Sri Lanka .......................6.6 1.044 Costa Rica.....................6.6 0.745 Estonia ..........................6.5 0.946 Georgia .........................6.5 0.647 Guyana..........................6.5 0.848 Nicaragua......................6.5 0.849 Nepal ............................6.5 1.050 Benin ............................6.5 1.051 Malawi ..........................6.5 0.852 Denmark .......................6.5 0.753 Netherlands ..................6.5 1.054 Indonesia ......................6.5 0.655 Portugal ........................6.5 1.156 Taiwan, China................6.5 0.757 Sweden ........................6.5 0.958 Turkey ...........................6.5 0.959 Switzerland ...................6.5 1.160 Bosnia and Herzegovina .6.5 1.061 Germany .......................6.5 0.862 United Kingdom............6.4 0.8


63 Finland ..........................6.4 0.864 Tajikistan .......................6.4 1.265 Tanzania ........................6.4 0.966 Vietnam.........................6.4 0.867 Jordan...........................6.4 1.068 Albania ..........................6.4 1.069 Moldova........................6.4 1.170 Italy ...............................6.3 0.971 Kazakhstan....................6.3 0.972 Colombia.......................6.3 0.973 Israel .............................6.3 0.874 Chile..............................6.3 0.875 Tunisia...........................6.3 1.076 Romania........................6.3 1.077 Burundi .........................6.3 1.478 Paraguay .......................6.3 1.079 El Salvador ....................6.3 1.080 Namibia.........................6.2 1.081 Slovenia ........................6.2 1.082 Japan ............................6.2 0.983 Bangladesh ...................6.2 1.484 Suriname ......................6.2 1.285 Nigeria ..........................6.2 1.386 Madagascar ..................6.2 1.187 Kyrgyz Republic ............6.2 1.288 Mozambique.................6.1 1.389 Bahrain..........................6.1 1.290 Peru ..............................6.1 1.091 Cameroon .....................6.1 1.292 Ecuador.........................6.1 1.293 Bulgaria .........................6.1 1.294 Qatar .............................6.1 1.295 Argentina ......................6.1 0.896 Botswana......................6.0 1.496 Guatemala ....................6.0 1.098 Panama.........................6.0 1.299 Trinidad and Tobago ......6.0 1.1

100 Hungary ........................6.0 1.1101 United States................6.0 1.4102 Honduras ......................6.0 1.1103 Mongolia .......................6.0 1.5104 Slovak Republic ............6.0 0.8105 Lithuania .......................6.0 1.1106 Egypt ............................5.9 1.6107 Algeria...........................5.9 1.4108 Czech Republic .............5.9 0.7109 Latvia ............................5.9 1.1110 Zimbabwe.....................5.9 1.3111 Korea, Rep. ...................5.9 1.1112 China.............................5.8 1.1113 Lesotho.........................5.8 1.6114 Ukraine .........................5.8 1.4115 Luxembourg .................5.7 1.1116 Chad .............................5.7 1.7117 Bolivia ...........................5.6 1.3118 Angola...........................5.6 1.5119 Russian Federation .......5.4 1.4120 Pakistan ........................5.3 1.6121 Kuwait...........................5.3 1.6122 France...........................5.2 1.5123 Venezuela .....................5.1 1.5124 Poland...........................4.9 1.4

12.02 Attitude toward tourists

Are foreign travelers and in particular tourists welcome in your country? (1 = no, citizens in my country do not welcome foreign travelersand tourists, 7 = yes, my country’s citizens are open and welcome foreign travelers and tourists)


443

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| N

atio

nal t

ouris

m p

erce

ptio

n

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 443


1 Turkey ...........................6.5 1.12 South Africa ..................6.4 0.83 Mauritania .....................6.4 1.24 Azerbaijan .....................6.4 1.05 Indonesia ......................6.3 0.96 Kazakhstan....................6.3 1.17 United Arab Emirates ...6.3 1.08 Argentina ......................6.2 1.09 Armenia ........................6.2 1.2

10 Italy ...............................6.1 1.411 Greece ..........................6.1 1.112 Tajikistan .......................6.1 1.513 France...........................6.1 1.314 Austria ..........................6.1 1.215 Namibia.........................6.1 1.116 Malaysia........................6.1 1.317 Costa Rica.....................6.0 1.418 Tunisia...........................6.0 1.319 Barbados.......................6.0 1.620 Georgia .........................6.0 1.121 India ..............................6.0 1.322 Portugal ........................6.0 1.023 Spain.............................6.0 1.424 New Zealand.................6.0 1.225 Zambia ..........................5.9 1.226 Croatia ..........................5.9 1.527 Estonia ..........................5.9 1.528 Thailand ........................5.9 1.329 Jordan...........................5.9 1.329 Slovak Republic ............5.9 1.131 Kyrgyz Republic ............5.9 1.532 Guatemala ....................5.9 1.433 Switzerland ...................5.9 1.434 Panama.........................5.8 1.435 Uruguay ........................5.8 1.436 Sri Lanka .......................5.8 1.637 Israel .............................5.8 1.438 Iceland ..........................5.8 1.039 Slovenia ........................5.8 1.540 Brazil .............................5.8 1.341 Bulgaria .........................5.8 1.642 Dominican Republic......5.8 1.743 Mali ...............................5.7 1.244 Morocco .......................5.7 1.645 Cyprus ..........................5.7 1.346 Moldova........................5.7 1.547 Benin ............................5.7 1.448 Czech Republic .............5.7 1.349 Malta.............................5.7 1.550 Mauritius.......................5.6 1.451 Cambodia......................5.6 1.652 Jamaica.........................5.6 1.653 Tanzania ........................5.6 1.654 Russian Federation .......5.6 1.555 Philippines ....................5.6 1.556 Lithuania .......................5.6 1.357 Kenya............................5.6 1.858 Macedonia, FYR ...........5.5 1.959 Canada..........................5.5 1.660 Chile..............................5.5 1.661 Ukraine .........................5.5 1.662 Mongolia .......................5.5 1.5


63 Colombia.......................5.5 1.464 Ecuador.........................5.5 1.865 Taiwan, China................5.5 1.666 Burkina Faso .................5.4 1.767 Hong Kong SAR............5.4 1.668 Luxembourg .................5.4 1.469 Romania........................5.4 1.770 Mexico..........................5.3 1.571 Nicaragua......................5.3 1.772 Burundi .........................5.3 1.773 Madagascar ..................5.3 1.474 Nepal ............................5.3 1.675 Zimbabwe.....................5.3 1.876 Malawi ..........................5.2 1.777 Cameroon .....................5.2 1.678 Latvia ............................5.2 1.779 Egypt ............................5.2 2.080 Australia ........................5.2 1.581 Peru ..............................5.2 1.782 Serbia and Montenegro..5.2 2.183 Germany .......................5.2 1.884 Ireland...........................5.2 1.885 Honduras ......................5.2 1.986 Botswana......................5.1 1.987 Albania ..........................5.1 1.888 Belgium ........................5.1 1.789 Uganda .........................5.1 2.090 United States................5.1 1.791 Algeria...........................5.0 1.592 Lesotho.........................5.0 2.093 Chad .............................5.0 1.993 Suriname ......................5.0 1.895 Netherlands ..................5.0 1.696 Guyana..........................5.0 1.897 United Kingdom............4.9 1.798 Mozambique.................4.9 1.899 Trinidad and Tobago ......4.9 1.8

100 Singapore......................4.9 1.5101 Ethiopia .........................4.9 1.7102 Nigeria ..........................4.8 1.8103 Bolivia ...........................4.8 1.9104 Bahrain..........................4.8 1.8105 El Salvador ....................4.7 1.7106 Japan ............................4.6 1.5107 Gambia .........................4.6 1.9108 Qatar .............................4.5 1.6109 Sweden ........................4.4 1.7110 Paraguay .......................4.4 1.9111 Finland ..........................4.4 1.3112 Bangladesh ...................4.4 1.8113 Pakistan ........................4.4 1.5114 Denmark .......................4.4 1.8115 Poland...........................4.3 1.5116 Venezuela .....................4.3 1.7117 Bosnia and Herzegovina .4.3 2.1118 Hungary ........................4.2 1.9119 Angola...........................4.2 1.6120 Korea, Rep. ...................4.1 1.8121 Norway .........................4.1 1.7122 China.............................3.9 2.0123 Vietnam.........................3.9 2.0124 Kuwait...........................3.5 1.9

12.03 Recommendation to extend business trips

When a senior executive visits you in your country for business purposes, how likely are you to recommend extending their trip forleisure purposes? (1 = I would never recommend it, 7 = I would always recommend it)


444

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| N

atio

nal t

ouris

m p

erce

ptio

n

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 444

445

Pillar 13Natural and cultural resources

Data Tables

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 445


1 Italy......................................43.02 Spain....................................39.03 China ...................................33.04 Germany..............................32.05 France..................................30.06 United Kingdom ..................27.07 India.....................................26.07 Mexico.................................26.09 Russian Federation..............23.0

10 United States ......................20.011 Brazil....................................17.012 Australia...............................16.012 Greece.................................16.014 Sweden ...............................14.015 Canada.................................13.015 Japan...................................13.015 Poland..................................13.015 Portugal ...............................13.019 Czech Republic....................12.020 Peru .....................................10.021 Belgium .................................9.021 Bulgaria..................................9.021 Turkey....................................9.024 Argentina ...............................8.024 Austria ...................................8.024 Ethiopia..................................8.024 Hungary .................................8.024 Morocco ................................8.024 Tunisia ...................................8.030 Algeria ...................................7.030 Egypt .....................................7.030 Indonesia ...............................7.030 Korea, Rep.............................7.030 Netherlands ...........................7.030 Norway..................................7.030 Romania ................................7.030 South Africa...........................7.030 Sri Lanka................................7.030 Tanzania.................................7.040 Bolivia ....................................6.040 Colombia ...............................6.040 Croatia ...................................6.040 Finland...................................6.040 Pakistan .................................6.040 Serbia and Montenegro.........6.040 Slovak Republic .....................6.040 Switzerland............................6.048 Chile ......................................5.048 Israel......................................5.048 Panama..................................5.048 Philippines .............................5.048 Thailand .................................5.048 Vietnam .................................5.048 Zimbabwe..............................5.055 Denmark................................4.055 Ecuador .................................4.055 Lithuania ................................4.055 Mali........................................4.055 Nepal .....................................4.060 Armenia .................................3.060 Bangladesh............................3.060 Costa Rica .............................3.0


60 Cyprus ...................................3.060 Georgia ..................................3.060 Guatemala .............................3.060 Jordan....................................3.060 Kenya.....................................3.060 Malta .....................................3.060 New Zealand .........................3.060 Uganda ..................................3.060 Ukraine ..................................3.060 Venezuela ..............................3.073 Albania...................................2.073 Estonia...................................2.073 Gambia ..................................2.073 Honduras ...............................2.073 Ireland....................................2.073 Kazakhstan ............................2.073 Latvia .....................................2.073 Madagascar ...........................2.073 Malawi...................................2.073 Malaysia ................................2.073 Mauritania..............................2.073 Mongolia................................2.073 Nigeria ...................................2.073 Suriname ...............................2.087 Azerbaijan ..............................1.087 Bahrain ..................................1.087 Benin .....................................1.087 Bosnia and Herzegovina........1.087 Botswana ..............................1.087 Cambodia ..............................1.087 Cameroon..............................1.087 Dominican Republic ..............1.087 El Salvador.............................1.087 Iceland...................................1.087 Luxembourg ..........................1.087 Macedonia, FYR ....................1.087 Mauritius ...............................1.087 Moldova.................................1.087 Mozambique..........................1.087 Nicaragua...............................1.087 Paraguay................................1.087 Slovenia .................................1.087 Uruguay .................................1.087 Zambia...................................1.0

107 Angola ...................................0.0107 Barbados ...............................0.0107 Burkina Faso..........................0.0107 Burundi ..................................0.0107 Chad ......................................0.0107 Guyana ..................................0.0107 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.0107 Jamaica .................................0.0107 Kuwait ...................................0.0107 Kyrgyz Republic.....................0.0107 Lesotho .................................0.0107 Namibia .................................0.0107 Qatar......................................0.0107 Singapore ..............................0.0107 Taiwan, China ........................0.0107 Tajikistan................................0.0107 Trinidad and Tobago...............0.0107 United Arab Emirates ............0.0

13.01 Number of World Heritage sites

Number of World Heritage sites in the country, July 2006

SOURCE: UNESCO, World Heritage Centre

446

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| N

atur

al a

nd c

ultu

ral r

esou

rces

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 446


1 Chad ......................................0.02 Switzerland............................0.13 Mali........................................0.14 Cambodia ..............................0.15 Sweden .................................0.16 France....................................0.17 Iceland...................................0.18 Denmark................................0.19 Norway..................................0.1

10 Austria ...................................0.111 Burkina Faso..........................0.212 Netherlands ...........................0.213 Hong Kong SAR ....................0.214 Japan.....................................0.215 Italy........................................0.216 United Kingdom ....................0.217 Uganda ..................................0.218 Cameroon..............................0.219 Belgium .................................0.220 Spain......................................0.221 Mozambique..........................0.222 Germany................................0.223 Ireland....................................0.224 Finland...................................0.225 Luxembourg ..........................0.226 Tanzania.................................0.227 Albania...................................0.228 Costa Rica .............................0.229 Portugal .................................0.230 Namibia .................................0.331 Guatemala .............................0.332 New Zealand .........................0.333 Uruguay .................................0.334 El Salvador.............................0.335 Burundi ..................................0.336 Zambia...................................0.337 Barbados ...............................0.338 Benin .....................................0.339 Peru .......................................0.340 Cyprus ...................................0.341 Malawi...................................0.342 Serbia and Montenegro.........0.343 Greece...................................0.344 Slovenia .................................0.345 Angola ...................................0.346 United States ........................0.347 Botswana ..............................0.448 Mauritius ...............................0.449 Canada...................................0.450 Madagascar ...........................0.451 Paraguay................................0.452 Brazil......................................0.453 Nepal .....................................0.454 Sri Lanka................................0.455 Malta .....................................0.456 Panama..................................0.457 Kenya.....................................0.458 Israel......................................0.459 Mexico...................................0.460 Bangladesh............................0.461 Singapore ..............................0.462 Australia.................................0.4


63 Hungary .................................0.464 Colombia ...............................0.465 Croatia ...................................0.566 Chile ......................................0.567 Korea, Rep.............................0.568 Lithuania ................................0.569 Gambia ..................................0.570 Turkey....................................0.571 Ethiopia..................................0.572 Honduras ...............................0.673 Tunisia ...................................0.674 Ecuador .................................0.675 Morocco ................................0.676 Philippines .............................0.677 Nigeria ...................................0.678 Nicaragua...............................0.679 Argentina ...............................0.680 Georgia ..................................0.781 Slovak Republic .....................0.782 Kuwait ...................................0.783 Bolivia ....................................0.784 United Arab Emirates ............0.785 Indonesia ...............................0.786 Czech Republic......................0.887 Algeria ...................................0.888 Pakistan .................................0.889 Jamaica .................................0.990 Dominican Republic ..............0.991 Venezuela ..............................0.992 Poland....................................0.993 Malaysia ................................0.994 Armenia .................................0.995 Romania ................................0.996 Jordan....................................1.097 Thailand .................................1.098 Vietnam .................................1.199 South Africa...........................1.2

100 Egypt .....................................1.2101 Estonia...................................1.2102 India.......................................1.3103 Bulgaria..................................1.4104 China .....................................1.4105 Macedonia, FYR ....................1.4106 Bahrain ..................................1.4107 Guyana ..................................1.4108 Mauritania..............................1.5109 Bosnia and Herzegovina........1.6110 Zimbabwe..............................1.6111 Kyrgyz Republic.....................1.6112 Suriname ...............................1.7113 Moldova.................................1.8114 Tajikistan................................2.0115 Russian Federation................2.0116 Trinidad and Tobago...............2.3117 Kazakhstan ............................3.0118 Azerbaijan ..............................3.4119 Mongolia................................3.8120 Ukraine ..................................4.5n/a Latvia .....................................n/an/a Lesotho..................................n/an/a Qatar......................................n/an/a Taiwan, China ........................n/a

13.02 Carbon dioxide damage

Carbon dioxide damage as percentage of GNI, 2004

SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006

447

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| N

atur

al a

nd c

ultu

ral r

esou

rces

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 447


1 Venezuela ............................63.82 Dominican Republic ............51.93 Denmark..............................34.04 Austria .................................33.15 Germany..............................32.66 Zambia.................................31.97 Tanzania...............................29.88 Switzerland..........................29.79 New Zealand .......................29.6

10 United States ......................25.911 Uganda ................................24.612 Costa Rica ...........................23.013 Panama................................21.714 United Kingdom ..................20.815 Indonesia .............................20.616 Guatemala ...........................20.017 Chile ....................................18.917 Taiwan, China ......................18.919 Botswana ............................18.519 Cambodia ............................18.521 Ecuador ...............................18.322 Nicaragua.............................17.823 Ethiopia................................16.924 Czech Republic....................16.125 Israel....................................15.025 Kyrgyz Republic...................15.027 Netherlands .........................14.228 Thailand ...............................13.929 Namibia ...............................13.630 Sri Lanka..............................13.531 Australia...............................13.431 Bolivia ..................................13.431 Latvia ...................................13.434 France..................................13.335 Poland..................................12.336 Zimbabwe............................12.137 Estonia.................................11.838 Burkina Faso........................11.538 Mongolia..............................11.540 Benin ...................................11.441 Canada.................................11.342 Malawi.................................11.243 Lithuania ..............................10.744 Colombia .............................10.244 Mexico.................................10.246 Egypt .....................................9.747 Finland...................................9.348 Chad ......................................9.148 Sweden .................................9.150 Nepal .....................................8.951 Spain......................................8.552 Mozambique..........................8.453 Kenya.....................................8.053 Russian Federation................8.055 Italy........................................7.956 China .....................................7.857 Armenia .................................7.658 Croatia ...................................7.559 Macedonia, FYR ....................7.160 Hungary .................................7.061 Korea, Rep.............................6.962 Japan.....................................6.8


62 Norway..................................6.864 Brazil......................................6.765 Angola ...................................6.665 Argentina ...............................6.665 Portugal .................................6.668 Azerbaijan ..............................6.468 Honduras ...............................6.470 Peru .......................................6.171 Slovenia .................................6.071 Trinidad and Tobago...............6.073 Burundi ..................................5.773 Malaysia ................................5.773 Philippines .............................5.776 South Africa...........................5.577 India.......................................5.278 Algeria ...................................5.079 Pakistan .................................4.980 Romania ................................4.781 Bulgaria..................................4.581 Cameroon..............................4.581 Singapore ..............................4.584 Madagascar ...........................4.385 Tajikistan................................4.286 Ukraine ..................................3.987 Albania...................................3.888 Mali........................................3.788 Vietnam .................................3.790 Greece...................................3.691 Paraguay................................3.592 Jordan....................................3.493 Nigeria ...................................3.394 Kazakhstan ............................2.795 Gambia ..................................2.395 Georgia ..................................2.397 Ireland....................................1.797 Mauritania..............................1.799 Turkey....................................1.6

100 Kuwait ...................................1.5101 Moldova.................................1.4102 Bangladesh............................0.8103 Morocco ................................0.7104 Bosnia and Herzegovina........0.5105 El Salvador.............................0.4106 Tunisia ...................................0.3106 Uruguay .................................0.3108 Lesotho .................................0.2109 United Arab Emirates ............0.0n/a Bahrain...................................n/an/a Barbados................................n/an/a Belgium .................................n/an/a Cyprus ...................................n/an/a Guyana...................................n/an/a Hong Kong SAR.....................n/an/a Iceland ...................................n/an/a Jamaica..................................n/an/a Luxembourg ..........................n/an/a Malta......................................n/an/a Mauritius................................n/an/a Qatar......................................n/an/a Serbia and Montenegro.........n/an/a Slovak Republic .....................n/an/a Suriname ...............................n/a

13.03 Nationally protected areas

Nationally protected areas as percentage of total land area, 2004

SOURCE: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006; national sources

448

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| N

atur

al a

nd c

ultu

ral r

esou

rces

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 448


1 Finland ..........................6.3 0.72 Iceland ..........................6.3 0.63 Sweden ........................6.0 1.04 Germany .......................6.0 0.95 Austria ..........................5.9 0.96 Switzerland ...................5.9 1.07 New Zealand.................5.9 1.08 Norway .........................5.9 0.79 Luxembourg .................5.8 0.9

10 Netherlands ..................5.8 1.011 United Kingdom............5.6 1.312 Denmark .......................5.5 1.113 Australia ........................5.5 1.014 Japan ............................5.4 1.115 Canada..........................5.4 1.216 Belgium ........................5.3 1.117 United States................5.2 1.418 France...........................5.2 1.419 Ireland...........................5.1 1.320 Tunisia...........................5.1 1.621 South Africa ..................4.9 1.122 Malaysia........................4.9 1.423 Chile..............................4.9 1.224 Portugal ........................4.8 1.025 Czech Republic .............4.8 1.326 Singapore......................4.8 1.427 Estonia ..........................4.7 1.328 Slovak Republic ............4.7 1.229 Slovenia ........................4.7 1.430 Uruguay ........................4.6 1.431 Spain.............................4.6 1.332 Israel .............................4.6 1.133 Namibia.........................4.5 1.534 United Arab Emirates ...4.5 1.535 Costa Rica.....................4.5 1.436 Mauritius.......................4.5 1.137 Taiwan, China................4.3 1.338 Hungary ........................4.3 1.339 Hong Kong SAR............4.3 1.540 Poland...........................4.3 1.041 Qatar .............................4.2 1.642 Brazil .............................4.2 1.643 Zimbabwe.....................4.2 1.244 Korea, Rep. ...................4.2 1.245 Latvia ............................4.2 1.546 Thailand ........................4.1 1.247 Cyprus ..........................4.1 1.348 Greece ..........................4.1 1.449 Italy ...............................4.0 1.450 Lithuania .......................4.0 1.451 Croatia ..........................3.9 1.452 Jamaica.........................3.9 1.553 India ..............................3.9 1.454 Barbados.......................3.8 1.355 Malta.............................3.8 1.256 Botswana......................3.8 1.357 Mali ...............................3.8 1.958 Burkina Faso .................3.7 1.759 Guatemala ....................3.7 1.360 Gambia .........................3.7 1.661 Peru ..............................3.7 1.362 Madagascar ..................3.7 1.6


63 Mauritania .....................3.7 1.764 El Salvador ....................3.6 1.365 Nigeria ..........................3.6 1.966 Colombia.......................3.6 1.467 Kuwait...........................3.6 1.768 Turkey ...........................3.6 1.269 Tajikistan .......................3.5 1.570 Sri Lanka .......................3.5 1.471 Argentina ......................3.5 1.472 Kenya............................3.5 1.873 Jordan...........................3.5 1.474 Mexico..........................3.4 1.475 Philippines ....................3.4 1.376 Kazakhstan....................3.4 1.777 Benin ............................3.4 1.678 Egypt ............................3.4 1.779 Lesotho.........................3.3 1.580 Tanzania ........................3.3 1.581 Trinidad and Tobago ......3.3 1.582 Uganda .........................3.3 1.783 Bahrain..........................3.3 1.684 Venezuela .....................3.3 1.385 China.............................3.3 1.586 Honduras ......................3.3 1.587 Romania........................3.3 1.588 Dominican Republic......3.2 1.389 Algeria...........................3.2 1.590 Panama.........................3.2 1.491 Macedonia, FYR ...........3.2 1.692 Malawi ..........................3.2 1.893 Nepal ............................3.2 1.594 Azerbaijan .....................3.1 1.595 Pakistan ........................3.1 1.696 Ecuador.........................3.1 1.397 Morocco .......................3.0 1.698 Ukraine .........................3.0 1.599 Vietnam.........................3.0 1.3

100 Guyana..........................3.0 1.6101 Mozambique.................3.0 1.5102 Moldova........................3.0 1.3103 Bolivia ...........................3.0 1.5104 Bosnia and Herzegovina .3.0 1.7105 Bulgaria .........................3.0 1.4106 Cambodia......................2.9 1.6107 Kyrgyz Republic ............2.9 1.5108 Nicaragua......................2.9 1.3109 Indonesia ......................2.9 0.9110 Cameroon .....................2.8 1.3111 Serbia and Montenegro..2.8 1.5112 Georgia .........................2.7 1.2113 Russian Federation .......2.7 1.5114 Angola...........................2.7 1.1115 Burundi .........................2.6 1.7116 Suriname ......................2.5 1.4117 Armenia ........................2.5 1.5118 Ethiopia .........................2.5 1.2119 Bangladesh ...................2.5 1.2120 Paraguay .......................2.3 1.2121 Chad .............................2.3 1.6122 Albania ..........................2.2 1.3123 Mongolia .......................2.2 1.2124 Zambia ..........................1.9 1.3

13.04 Business concern for ecosystems

In your country, companies that harvest or process natural resources such as food, forest, or fishery products (1 = rarely concern themselves with the degradation of ecosystems, 7 = frequently take steps to preserve the ecosystems they depend on)


449

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| N

atur

al a

nd c

ultu

ral r

esou

rces

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 449


1 Austria ...................................7.01 Bahrain ..................................7.01 Belgium .................................7.01 Bosnia and Herzegovina........7.01 Bulgaria..................................7.01 Canada...................................7.01 Croatia ...................................7.01 Cyprus ...................................7.01 Czech Republic......................7.01 Denmark................................7.01 Estonia...................................7.01 Finland...................................7.01 France....................................7.01 Germany................................7.01 Greece...................................7.01 Hong Kong SAR ....................7.01 Hungary .................................7.01 Iceland...................................7.01 Ireland....................................7.01 Israel......................................7.01 Italy........................................7.01 Japan.....................................7.01 Kuwait ...................................7.01 Latvia .....................................7.01 Lithuania ................................7.01 Luxembourg ..........................7.01 Macedonia, FYR ....................7.01 Moldova.................................7.01 Mongolia................................7.01 Netherlands ...........................7.01 New Zealand .........................7.01 Norway..................................7.01 Poland....................................7.01 Qatar......................................7.01 Romania ................................7.01 Russian Federation................7.01 Serbia and Montenegro.........7.01 Slovak Republic .....................7.01 Slovenia .................................7.01 Spain......................................7.01 Sweden .................................7.01 Switzerland............................7.01 Taiwan, China ........................7.01 Ukraine ..................................7.01 United Arab Emirates ............7.01 United Kingdom ....................7.01 United States ........................7.01 Uruguay .................................7.0

49 Argentina ...............................6.850 Costa Rica .............................6.451 Venezuela ..............................6.452 Armenia .................................6.352 Azerbaijan ..............................6.352 Georgia ..................................6.352 Korea, Rep.............................6.352 Kyrgyz Republic.....................6.352 Morocco ................................6.358 Mexico...................................6.159 Albania...................................5.559 Australia.................................5.559 Bangladesh............................5.559 Barbados ...............................5.5


59 Chile ......................................5.559 Dominican Republic ..............5.559 Egypt .....................................5.559 Jamaica .................................5.559 Jordan....................................5.559 Kazakhstan ............................5.559 Lesotho .................................5.559 Malta .....................................5.559 Mauritius ...............................5.559 Portugal .................................5.559 Singapore ..............................5.559 Trinidad and Tobago...............5.559 Tunisia ...................................5.559 Turkey....................................5.577 Tajikistan................................5.278 Algeria ...................................5.079 Vietnam .................................4.880 Botswana ..............................4.881 Namibia .................................4.682 South Africa...........................4.283 El Salvador.............................4.083 Guatemala .............................4.083 Honduras ...............................4.083 Madagascar ...........................4.083 Nicaragua...............................4.083 Paraguay................................4.083 Zambia...................................4.090 Mauritania..............................3.991 China .....................................3.792 Panama..................................3.693 Sri Lanka................................3.594 Brazil......................................3.495 Nepal .....................................3.396 Suriname ...............................3.197 Colombia ...............................3.098 Ecuador .................................3.099 India.......................................2.9

100 Peru .......................................2.9101 Indonesia ...............................2.7102 Thailand .................................2.6103 Angola ...................................2.5103 Burundi ..................................2.5103 Cambodia ..............................2.5103 Ethiopia..................................2.5103 Gambia ..................................2.5103 Guyana ..................................2.5103 Kenya.....................................2.5103 Malawi...................................2.5103 Malaysia ................................2.5103 Mozambique..........................2.5103 Nigeria ...................................2.5103 Pakistan .................................2.5103 Philippines .............................2.5103 Tanzania.................................2.5103 Uganda ..................................2.5103 Zimbabwe..............................2.5119 Bolivia ....................................1.6120 Benin .....................................1.0120 Burkina Faso..........................1.0120 Cameroon..............................1.0120 Chad ......................................1.0120 Mali........................................1.0

13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever

Average of the malaria risk index and yellow fever risk index, 2006

SOURCE: World Economic Forum calculation based on World Health Organization International Travel and Health 2006

450

2.2:

Dat

a Ta

bles

| N

atur

al a

nd c

ultu

ral r

esou

rces

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 450

The data used in this Report represent the best availableestimates from various national authorities, internationalagencies, and private sources at the time the Report wasprepared. It is possible that some data will have beenrevised or updated by national sources after publication.Throughout the statistical tables in this publication,“n/a” denotes that the value is not available, or thatavailable data are unreasonably outdated or do not comefrom a reliable source.

The following notes provide sources for the harddata—that is, the indicators listed in the Data Tables thatdo not come from the Executive Opinion Survey.

Pillar 1: Policy rules and regulations


Visitor Visa Requirements Index, 2006This index was constructed based on visitor visa requirementsof each country for visitors from a set of 10 countries from dif-ferent continents and with a high degree of tourism travel,namely Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, theNetherlands, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the UnitedStates. A value of 0 (100) on the index means that the countryrequires a visa for visitors from all (none) of the countries men-tioned above. The data were obtained from each country’srespective embassy or consulate website.

Source: Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

1.05 Openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements

Index of openness of bilateral Air Service Agreements, 2005This index measures the average openness of all bilateral AirService Agreements (ASAs) concluded by International CivilAviation Organization (ICAO) signatories as registered in ICAO’sWorld’s Air Services Agreements (WASA) database (2005update), weighted by bilateral scheduled passenger traffic tak-ing place under each ASA. Regulatory data come from ICAO’sWASA database (2005), and traffic data were obtained fromIATA.

Source: World Trade Organization

Pillar 4: Health and hygiene

4.02 Physician density

Physician density per 1,000 population, 2004 or most recentyear availableThis variable measures the number of physicians per 1,000 peo-ple in the country. The World Bank defines physicians as gradu-ates of any faculty of medicine who are working in the countryin any medical field (practice, teaching, research).

Source: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics2006, World Health Report 2006

4.03 Access to improved sanitation

Access to adequate sanitation facilities as a percentage oftotal populationAccording to the World Bank, this variable refers to the percent-age of the population with at least adequate access to excretadisposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal,and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range fromsimple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerageconnection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly con-structed and properly maintained.

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 (pub-lished version)

4.04 Access to improved drinking water

Access to safe drinking water as a percentage of total populationAccording to the World Bank, this variable refers to the percent-age of the population with reasonable access to an adequateamount of water from an improved source, such as a house-hold connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well orspring, or rain-water collection. Unimproved sources includevendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs.Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20liters per person per day from a source within 1 kilometer ofthe dwelling.

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 (pub-lished version)

Pillar 5: Prioritization of Travel & Tourism

5.02 T&T government expenditure

T&T government expenditure as a percentage of total budget, 2005This measure includes expenditures (transfers or subsidies)made by government agencies to provide T&T services such ascultural (e.g., art museums), recreational (e.g., national park),clearance (e.g., immigration/ customs), and so on to visitors.

Source: World Travel & Tourism Council, Tourism SatelliteAccounting Research 2006, available at www.wttc.org/tsa1.htm

5.04 T&T fair attendance

Index of country presence at 12 major T&T fairs, 2005–06This index was constructed as follows: a country was given a 1for each time it was represented at one of the 12 T&T fairs (list-ed below) that took place during the period August 2005–July2006. The score is the sum of all fairs at which the country wasrepresented. The fairs included were: ITB Berlin, Salon Mondialdu Tourisme (France), World Travel Market (London), HolidayWorld Prague, International Trade Fair for Tourism (Russia),Arabian Travel Market (Dubai), China International Travel Mart,Japan Association of Travel Agents (JATA) World Travel Fair,Travel and Tourism Fair (India), American Society of TravelAgents’ Trade Show, Travel Mart Latin America, and theInternational Tourism Fair of Latin America.


451

Tech

nica

l Not

es a

nd S

ourc

es

Technical Notes and Sources

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 451

Pillar 6: Air transport infrastructure

6.02 Available seat kilometers

Scheduled available seat kilometers per week originating incountry (in millions), August 2005 and February 2006 averageThis variable measures an airline’s passenger-carrying capacity;it is composed of the number of seats available on each flightmultiplied by the flight distance in kilometers. The resulting vari-able is an average of the total for all scheduled flights in a weekduring August 2005 (summer schedule) and February 2006(winter schedule).

Source: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser

6.03 Departures per 1,000 population

Number of aircraft departures per 1,000 population, 2005Aircraft departures are the number of domestic and internation-al take-offs of air carriers registered in the country. Source fordepartures and population is the CIA World Factbook.


6.04 Airport density

Number of airports per million population, 2005Runways of airports taken into account must be useable, butmay be unpaved. Not all airports may have facilities for refuel-ing, maintenance, or air traffic control. Source for underlyingdata is the CIA World Factbook.


6.05 Number of operating airlines

Number of airlines with scheduled flights originating incountry, August 2005 and February 2006 average

Source: International Air Transport Association, SRS Analyser

Pillar 8: Tourism infrastructure

8.01 Hotel rooms

Number of hotel rooms per 100 population, 2004 or mostrecent year available

Source: United Nations World Tourism Organization; EconomistIntelligence Unit

8.02 Presence of major car rental companies

Index of presence of major car rental companies, 2006This variable measures the presence of seven major car rentalcompanies: Avis, Budget, Europcar, Hertz, National Car Rental,Sixt, and Thrifty. Car Fleet data were supplemented by WorldEconomic Forum research based on online sources.

Source: Car Fleet, No 29, Jan–Mar 2005; World EconomicForum

8.03 ATMs accepting Visa cards

Number of automated teller machines (ATMs) acceptingVisa credit cards, per million population, 2006

Source: Visa International

Pillar 9: ICT infrastructure

9.02 Internet users

Internet users per 100 population, 2004 or most recent yearavailable

Source: International Telecommunication Union, WorldTelecommunication Indicators 2005; national sources

9.03 Telephone lines

Main telephone lines per 100 inhabitants, 2004

Source: International Telecommunication Union, WorldTelecommunication Indicators 2005; national sources

Pillar 10: Price competitiveness in the T&T industry

10.01 Ticket taxes and airport charges

Index of relative cost of access (ticket taxes and airportcharges) to international air transport services, 2006This index measures the relative cost of access to internationalair transport services based on the level of airport charges, pas-senger ticket taxes, and value-added taxation. It reflects thecosts associated with a narrow-body and a wide-body passen-ger plane arrival and departure at the major international airportsin each country. Charges include landing, terminal navigation,passenger, and security charges as listed in the IATA Airportand Air Navigation Charges manual. Ticket taxes applicable tointernational travel were applied as described in the IATA List ofTicket and Airport Taxes and Fees manual. Per-passengercharges were calculated by applying a 75 percent load factor toa typical seating configuration of each type of aircraft. Value-added taxes (VATs) were calculated based on an average ticketprice for each country and applied to half of the departing pas-sengers, as the VAT is normally charged only on itineraries origi-nating in the country concerned. A higher score indicates alower level of charges and taxes.

Source: International Air Transport Association

10.02 Purchasing power parity

Ratio of purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factor toofficial exchange rate, 2005The purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factors for 2005were obtained from the International Monetary Fund (IMF)’sWorld Economic Outlook (April 2006). The official exchangerates for 2005 were obtained from the IMF’s InternationalFinancial Statistics Online and from the World Bank’s WorldDevelopement Indicators 2006. The World Bank defines thepurchasing power parity conversion factor as the number ofunits of a country’s currency required to buy the same amountof goods and services in the domestic market as a US dollarwould buy in the United States. Official exchange rate refers tothe exchange rate determined by national authorities or to therate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It iscalculated as an annual average based on monthly averages(local currency units relative to the US dollar). The variableshown is the result obtained by dividing the PPP conversionfactor by the official exchange rate.

Source: International Monetary Fund; World Bank, WorldDevelopment Indicators Online Database (August 2006)

10.04 Fuel price levels

Retail diesel fuel prices (US cents per liter), 2004

Source: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit(GTZ) GmbH, International Fuel Prices 2005

452

Tech

nica

l Not

es a

nd S

ourc

es

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 452

Pillar 11: Human resources

11.01 Primary education enrollment

Gross primary education enrollment rate, 2004 or mostrecent year availableAccording to the World Bank, the gross primary enrollment rateis the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the popula-tion of the age group that officially corresponds to the primaryeducation level. Primary education provides children with basicreading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elemen-tary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natu-ral science, social science, art, and music.

Source: UNESCO, Institute for Statistics

11.02 Secondary education enrollment

Gross secondary education enrollment rate, 2004 or mostrecent year availableAccording to the World Bank, the gross secondary enrollmentrate is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to thepopulation of the age group that officially corresponds to thesecondary education level. Secondary education completes theprovision of basic education that began at the primary level, andaims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and humandevelopment, by offering more subject- and skill-orientedinstruction using more specialized teachers.

Source: UNESCO, Institute for Statics; World Bank, WorldDevelopment Indicators 2006 (published version); nationalsources

11.08 HIV prevalence

HIV prevalence as a percentage of adults aged 15–49 years,2003 or most recent year available

Source: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics2006, World Health Report 2006; national sources

11.09 Malaria incidence

Malaria cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004 or most recentyear availableSource: World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF, WorldMalaria Report 2005; WHO Regional Offices; UNFPA, State ofWorld Population 2005; World Bank, World DevelopmentIndicators 2006 Online Database (August 2006); UNDP, HumanDevelopment Report 2006; national sources

11.10 Tuberculosis incidence

Tuberculosis cases per 100,000 inhabitants, 2004

Source: World Health Organization, World Health Statistics2006, World Health Report 2006, Global Report 2006; nationalsources

11.11 Life expectancy

Life expectancy at birth (years), 2004Source: World Health Organization, World Health Report 2006;World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 OnlineDatabase (August 2006); national sources

Pillar 12: National tourism perception

12.01 Tourism openness

Tourism expenditures and receipts as a percentage of GDP,2004The ratio of the sum of international tourism expenditures andreceipts to GDP. International tourism expenditures are expendi-tures of international outbound visitors in other countries,including payments to foreign carriers for international trans-port. International tourism receipts are expenditures of interna-tional inbound visitors in other countries, including payments toforeign carriers for international transport.

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006Online Database (August 2006)

Pillar 13: Natural and cultural resources

13.01 Number of World Heritage sites

Number of World Heritage sites in the country, July 2006

Source: UNESCO, World Heritage Centre

13.02 Carbon dioxide damage

Carbon dioxide damage as a percentage of GNI, 2004Carbon dioxide damage is estimated to be $20 per ton of car-bon (the unit damage in 1995 US dollars) times the number oftons of carbon emitted.

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006Online Database (August 2006)

13.03 Nationally protected areas

Nationally protected areas as a percentage of total landarea, 2004According to the World Bank, nationally protected areas aretotally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares thatare designated as scientific reserves with limited public access,national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves or wildlifesanctuaries, and protected landscapes. Marine areas, unclassi-fied areas, and litoral (intertidal) areas are not included. The dataalso do not include sites protected under local or provincial law.Total land area is used to calculate the percentage of total areaprotected.

Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2006 (pub-lished version); national sources

13.05 Risk of malaria and yellow fever

Average of the malaria risk index and yellow fever riskindex, 2006Risk for both diseases is ranked on a 0-to-4 scale by the WorldHealth Organization, where 0 equals no risk and 4 equals highrisk. Malaria risk is calculated by multiplying the recommendedprevention level by the risk area (as a percentage of total landarea). Yellow fever risk is given as the recommended vaccina-tion level against yellow fever. This variable represents the aver-age risk of malaria and yellow fever in the country.

Source: World Economic Forum calculation based on WorldHealth Organization, International Travel and Health 2006.

453

Tech

nica

l Not

es a

nd S

ourc

es

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 453

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 454

Jennifer Blanke

Jennifer Blanke is Associate Principal and SeniorEconomist with the Global Competitiveness Network atthe World Economic Forum. She has written and lecturedextensively on issues related to national competitiveness.Previously, from 1998 to 2001, she was SeniorProgramme Manager responsible for developing theBusiness, Management and Technology section of theWorld Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos.Before joining the Forum, Dr Blanke worked for a numberof years as a Management Consultant for Eurogroup,Mazars Group in Paris, France, where she specialized inbanking and financial market organization. Blankeobtained a Master’s of International Affairs from ColumbiaUniversity and an MA and a PhD in InternationalEconomics from the Graduate Institute of InternationalStudies (Geneva).

Thea Chiesa

Thea Chiesa is Associate Director and Head of Aviation,Travel and Tourism at the World Economic Forum. Shehas a background in business development and strategicplanning in the Aerospace/Telecom industry, having spentnine years working with Telespazio both as part ofTelecom Italia and Finmeccanica. At the Forum she hasdeveloped an expertise in the Travel & Tourism industry,having headed the community for four years. Coupledwith her background in advanced communications sys-tems, Ms Chiesa has developed a passion for the Travel& Tourism industry, and she is currently working with keygovernment and industry leaders in developing strategiesand implementing innovative projects in the field of T&Tcompetitiveness and traveler information-sharing as wellas rebranding campaigns. Ms Chiesa has a BSc inManagement from Boston College and a Master’s inInternational Relations from Boston University. She is cur-rently a World Economic Forum Global Leadership Fellow.

Brad Corrodi

Brad Corrodi is Managing Partner at Rosetta MarketingGroup, where he is responsible for Travel and Leisureindustries. Rosetta’s work in the travel industry has beenprimarily in “noncommodity” sectors such as Tours,Cruises and Hospitality, where its quantitatively derivedconsumer segmentation and merchandising techniqueshave demonstrated the greatest impact on marketing andsales effectiveness. Mr Corrodi has been helping leadingtravel companies anticipate and respond to the turbulent,dynamic evolution of the industry for nearly 20 years.Previously, during his 12 years as a strategy consultantwith Booz Allen Hamilton, he worked with leading air-lines, GDSs, cruise lines, agencies, hospitality companies,operators, and retailers on a wide range of commercial

issues. He also consulted to governments in Europe, theMiddle East, and Asia on aviation, airport, and tourismpolicy. Mr Corrodi’s passion for the travel industry wasignited when working for Trans World Airlines, where hewas part of the team that restructured and revitalized theTWA Getaway Vacations brand, creating flexible-itinerarypackages with “live” scheduled flights to Florida andHawaii following the sharp decline in trans-Atlantic trafficin 1986. Mr Corrodi earned his MBA with a concentrationin Marketing from the Wharton School of Business,where he received a Dean’s Award of Excellence. Heearned his Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineeringfrom Yale University.

John Elkins

John Elkins is Executive Vice President of VisaInternational, a post he has held since he joined the firmin 2003. Mr Elkins oversees worldwide strategic brandplanning and research, formulates innovative globalstrategic marketing partnerships and alliances, coordi-nates both internal and external corporate communica-tions worldwide, and is responsible for managing Visa’sglobal corporate reputation. Mr Elkins is an active partici-pant in the global regulatory environment for paymentsystems and has played a leading role in various regulato-ry efforts—both regional and country-specific. He hascoordinated Visa International’s brand, marketing partner-ships, sponsorship, and corporate relations groups todrive business among Visa’s merchant community anddeepen cardholder loyalty. At the same time, Mr Elkinshas been instrumental in forming strategic partnershipsvital to Visa’s ongoing corporate reputation. These rela-tionships include work with the United Nations to developmicrofinance activities in developing markets, as well asthe creation of a multi-year agreement with theInternational Finance Corporation (World Bank) to helpeducate and develop credit bureaus in more than 30emerging markets. Prior to joining Visa International, MrElkins was Founder, Chairman, and Chief ExecutiveOfficer of FutureBrand, a leading global brand consultingfirm and a division of the Interpublic Group. He wasresponsible for the worldwide management of the firm,directing client accounts and growing the firm across 19countries. From 1991 to 1999, Mr Elkins was ChiefExecutive Officer of the Naisbitt Group, where he led theworldwide expansion of the firm, specializing in futurestrategy consulting and contributing to its many publica-tions, including Megatrends, which was published in 32countries and was the Number One bestseller in theUnited States, Japan, and Germany. Mr Elkins has a BEdfrom the University of Exeter, England, and an MSc fromthe University of Oregon.

455

Abou

t th

e Au

thor

s

About the Authors

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 455

Maurice Flanagan

Maurice Flanagan is Executive Vice Chairman, EmiratesAirline & Group. Mr Flanagan Joined BOAC (the prede-cessor of British Airways) in 1953 as a trainee after com-missioned service in the Royal Air Force as a navigator.He worked in a variety of posts worldwide, and returnedto the United Kingdom in 1965 as a Route PlanningManager. He became a member of British Airways’ sen-ior management in 1974. In 1978, Mr Flanagan left BritishAirways to become Managing Director of Dnata, of thegovernment of Dubai, and then of Emirates when the air-line was launched in 1985. He was made CBE in theQueen’s Birthday Honours List in 2000 in recognition ofhis contribution to community relations in the United ArabEmirates and for services to aviation. Flanagan holds aBachelor of Arts, is an Hon. Fellow of the RoyalAeronautical Society, a Fellow of the Royal AeronauticalSociety, and a Fellow of the Chartered Institute ofLogistics & Transport.

Stephan Gross

Stephan Gross is a Senior Associate in Booz AllenHamilton’s Munich office. Since joining the firm in 1999,he has been particularly active in top management con-sulting for clients in the aviation and logistics industryaround the globe, especially on strategic assignments,such as re-organization, operational improvement, andturnaround projects. Dr Gross has worked particularlywith clients in Europe and the Middle East on regulatoryissues related to strategic transformation and privatizationprojects to support the competitiveness of state-ownedincumbents in liberalized markets. Prior to joining BoozAllen Hamilton, he worked for a New Zealand-based mer-chant bank as an analyst in the corporate finance divisionwith a focus on the Australasian infrastructure and utilitysector. There he was responsible for evaluating publiclytraded shares and was involved in due diligence work asa basis for bids on Australian airport privatizations. DrGross holds a BSc (Honors) from Northeastern Universityin Boston, an MBA from the University of Reutlingen inGermany, and a PhD from the University of Leipzig,Germany, where he focused on the impact of vertical andhorizontal integration of publicly listed corporations.

Thierry Geiger

Thierry Geiger is an Economist with the GlobalCompetitiveness Network at the World Economic Forum.His responsibilities include construction and computationof a range of indexes as well as data analysis for variousprojects and studies. His main areas of expertise areeconometrics and international trade. Mr Geiger holds aBA in Economics from the University of Geneva with aspecialization in monetary and financial economics, andan MA in Economics from the University of BritishColumbia, in Vancouver. Prior to joining the Forum, hecompleted several internships, notably at the World TradeOrganization, Caterpillar Inc., and leading banks. Duringhis studies, he was a Member of the Board of JuniorEntreprise Genève. He is also Co-founder of ProcabStudio S.A., an IT company based in Geneva.

John Kester

John Kester is Chief of the Market Intelligence &Promotion Department at the World Tourism Organization(UNWTO), where he has worked since 1999. He isinvolved in the preparation of the yearly Tourism MarketTrends series of regional reports, and has contributed to

several occasional documents such as the report TourismGenerating Markets: Overview and Country Profiles andvarious reports prepared by UNWTO in the framework ofthe Tourism Recovery Committee. He has also been incharge of the final editing of the various volumes of theUNWTO’s long-term forecast study Tourism 2020 Vision.Since its inception in 2003, he has been involved in thedevelopment of the UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, apublication aimed at monitoring the short-term evolutionof tourism, issued three times a year. He also regularlycollaborates on the preparation of news releases, as wellas on the Facts & Figures section of the UNWTO web-site. Previously, Mr Kester worked in the UNWTO at theStatistics, Economic Analysis and Market Research sec-tion. Before joining the UNWTO he worked for sevenyears at Statistics Netherlands as a researcher in the fieldof socio-cultural statistics. Mr Kester graduated in SocialScience with a specialization in research methodologyand data analysis from the University of Leiden (theNetherlands).

Geoffrey Lipman

Geoffrey Lipman is Assistant Secretary-General of theWorld Tourism Organization (UNWTO). He is Chair ofGreen Globe 21, the responsible/sustainable tourismgroup, and of Green Global Village (GGV), its consultancyarm. He is President of the International Council ofTourism Partners (ICTP)—a platform connecting sociallyresponsible tourism organizations and people, a BoardMember of the Armstrong Hospitality Group (Canada) andSenior Tourism Research Fellow at George WashingtonUniversity in the United States. Mr Lipman was the firstPresident of the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC),the global business leaders’ forum. Between 1990 and1999, he shaped the WTTC’s agenda during its growthfrom 10 to 100 members and the positioning of Travel &Tourism as the world’s largest industry, as well as itsMillennium Vision for open markets, elimination of barri-ers, and sustainable development. Prior to this he spent20 years with the International Air Transport Association(IATA) as Executive Director and Head of GovernmentAffairs. Mr Lipman has written and lectured around theworld on tourism strategy, sustainability, and airline liber-alization, has co-authored books on opening up Europeanaviation and established a Think Tank on Free Trade in theAir. He has been a member of two European Union HighLevel Commissions—on Airline Liberalization and onTourism Employment—as well as a member of the UKRoundtable on Sustainable Development.

Samer Majali

Samer Majali has served as President and ChiefExecutive Officer of Royal Jordanian Airlines since 2001and was appointed Vice-Chairman in 2003. Mr Majali’scareer at Royal Jordanian, spanning over 25 years, hasseen him heading a broad spectrum of departmentsincluding Corporate and Fleet Planning, InformationSystems, Operations Control, and Airport Services. Hehas returned Royal Jordanian to profitability, and the air-line was recently the first in the Middle East to be invitedto membership of one of the three global airline alliances.Mr Majali is a member of the Jordanian National Councilfor Tourism and sits on the Board of Trustees of theJordan River Foundation and on the Board of the KingHussein Cancer Foundation. Mr Majali has served as

456

Abou

t th

e Au

thor

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 456

President of the Arab Air Carriers Organization and is cur-rently a Member of the IATA Board of Governors. He is aFellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society and holds anMSc in Air Transport Management from Cranfield.

Richard R. Miller

Richard R. Miller is Executive Vice President at the WorldTravel & Tourism Council (WTTC). From its inception in1991, he has played a principal role in shaping and direct-ing the organization, policy agenda, research program,communications, and membership services for theWTTC. Mr Miller currently directs the Travel & TourismSatellite Accounting Research Program, a research part-nership with Oxford Economic Forecasting (OEF) to oper-ationalize and implement the new international standardfor Travel & Tourism economics. This effort is designed tohelp countries fulfill the United Nations’ call for Travel &Tourism Satellite Accounting and provide both the publicand private sectors with vital economic information forintelligent policy and business decisions. In his 17 yearswith the WTTC, Mr Miller has traveled worldwide speak-ing on the topic of Travel & Tourism economics. He hasproduced more than one hundred research reportsfocused on the economics of Travel & Tourism. Prior tojoining the WTTC, Mr Miller served as management con-sultant with Deloitte & Touche in New York. As a memberof the firm’s Travel & Leisure Industry practice, Mr Millerdirected a number of Travel & Tourism consulting proj-ects, including the Strategic Plan for Tourism for the Stateof Hawaii, the feasibility study for Chicago’s newCominski Park, a strategic industry assessment for com-puter-maker Unisys, and a competitive analysis of JFKAirport. Mr Miller has a Master’s degree in BusinessAdministration from Southern Methodist University inDallas and a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematicsfrom the University of Oklahoma.

Marilyn Carlson Nelson

Marilyn Carlson Nelson is Chairman and Chief ExecutiveOfficer of Carlson. Forbes magazine has regularly select-ed Ms Nelson as one of “The World’s 100 Most PowerfulWomen.” She is on the World Economic Forum’sInternational Business Council, and in 2004 she co-chaired the Forum’s Annual Meeting in Davos,Switzerland. She recently completed a presidentialappointment as Chair of the National Women’s BusinessCouncil, an advisory council to the President andCongress of the United States, and is currently Vice Chairof the U.S. Travel and Tourism Advisory Board. Sherecently received the National Business TravelAssociation’s highest honor—the Icon Award—for acareer of leadership in the business travel industry. InOctober 2006, H.E. Jean-David Levitte, FrenchAmbassador to the United States, presented Ms Nelsonwith a French national honor created by NapoleonBonaparte: Chevalier (Knight) in the French Légiond’Honneur. Ms Nelson was also named one of“America’s Best Leaders” by U.S. News and WorldReport. She is a past national chair of the Travel IndustryAssociation of America, has served as a delegate to theWhite House Conference on Tourism, and was on theBoard of the U.S. National Tourism Organization. She iscurrently on the Singapore Tourism Board. Outside herindustry Ms Nelson serves on the boards of Exxon MobilCorporation, the Mayo Clinic Foundation, and theCommittee to Encourage Corporate Philanthropy.

Brian Pearce

Brian Pearce is Chief Economist of International AirTransport Association (IATA). An economist with over 20years of international experience in several industries, hewas formerly Head of Global Economic Research at UBSWarburg and Chief Economist at Ernst & Young. Prior tojoining IATA, Mr Pearce was involved in the UK AirTransport White Paper and in the discussion and designof policies to influence aviation’s impact on the environ-ment. He also advised on the financial sector’s role in pro-moting good corporate governance and responsibility, anddirected the initiative launched by the UK Prime Ministerat the World Summit on Sustainable Development.Before that he was Head of Global Economic Research atthe investment bank SBC Warburg (now UBS), in Tokyoand then London. During this time he published exten-sively on international financial and economic issues andadvised private and public sector clients in over 20 coun-tries. As Chief Economist at Ernst & Young’s economicforecasting consultancy, the ITEM Club, he worked withthe UK Treasury’s and other econometric models to ana-lyze public policy and forecast global economic prospects.He was frequently called on by television, radio and thepress to comment on government economic policy.

Jürgen Ringbeck

Jürgen Ringbeck is a Senior Partner, Senior VicePresident, and a Member of the Board of Directors ofBooz Allen Hamilton based in Düsseldorf. He heads theGlobal Commercial Transportation Practice, the group thatincludes all Booz Allen Hamilton’s consulting activities inthe transportation industries, such as airlines, tourismoperators, postal and logistics companies, and railways.Before becoming Partner of Booz Allen Hamilton, DrRingbeck was Partner of McKinsey & Company, wherehe was Co-leader of the Transportation Group. In total hehas more than 18 years in top-level management consult-ing. Dr Ringbeck holds a Diploma in Mathematics fromthe University of Münster and a PhD in Economics fromthe University of Osnabrück. Before starting his career asa Management Consultant, he worked as a UniversityAssistant and Guest Professor at the University ofToronto. Dr Ringbeck is author of several business books(including the US business bestseller Do IT Smart) andnumerous publications in business strategy and IT man-agement. He has also received several awards for hiswork from major institutions, including the MarketingScience Institute (Cambridge USA).

Geoffrey Weston

Geoffrey Weston currently holds the post of VicePresident Cargo at Royal Jordanian Airlines. He joined theairline in 2004 as Head of Planning and NetworkDevelopment. Prior to his work at Royal Jordanian, MrWeston spent over 10 years as a strategy consultant andinterim manager. He worked for many years at Bain &Company in their Latin American practice, based inMexico City. Mr Weston holds a degree from OxfordUniversity.

457

Abou

t th

e Au

thor

s

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 457

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 458

Bombardier’s mission is to be the world’s leading manufacturer of planes and trains.Bombardier is committed to providing superior value and service to its customers and sus-

tained profitability to its shareholders by investing in its people and products.Bombardier leads through innovation and outstanding product safety, efficiency, and per-

formance. Its standards are high. Bombardier defines excellence—and it delivers.Bombardier Inc. is a global corporation headquartered in Canada. Revenues for the fiscal

year ended January 31, 2006, were US$14.7 billion; shares are traded on the Toronto stockexchange (BBD).

Booz Allen Hamilton has been at the forefront of management consulting for businesses andgovernments for more than 90 years. Providing consulting services in strategy, operations,organization and change and information technology, Booz Allen is the one firm that helps clientssolve their toughest problems, working by their side to help them achieve their missions.

Booz Allen is committed to delivering results that endure.With more than 18,000 employees on six continents, the firm generates annual sales of

over US$3.7 billion. Booz Allen has been recognized as a consultant and employer of choice. In 2005 and in 2006, Fortune magazine named Booz Allen one of “The 100 Best Companies toWork For,” and for the past eight years, Working Mother magazine has ranked the firm amongits “100 Best Companies for Working Mothers.”

To learn more about the firm, visit Booz Allen’s web site at www.boozallen.com. To learnmore about the best ideas in business, visit www.strategy-business.com, the web site for strategy+business, a quarterly journal sponsored by Booz Allen.

Carlson is a global leader in the hotel, restaurant, business and leisure travel, and marketingindustries.

Among the names in the Carlson family of brands and services are: Regent InternationalHotels®, Radisson Hotels & Resorts®, Park Plaza Hotels & Resorts, Country Inn & Suites ByCarlson, Park Inn® hotels, Regent Seven Seas Cruises®, T.G.I. Friday’s® and Pick Up Stix®

restaurants, Carlson Wagonlit Travel, Cruise Holidays, All Aboard Travel, Cruise Specialists,Fly4less.com, Cruise Deals.com, Results Travel, Carlson Destination Marketing Services, CarlsonLeisure Travel Services, SeaMaster Cruises®, SinglesCruise.com, CW Government Travel,Carlson Marketing®, Peppers & Rogers Group®, and Gold Points Reward Network®.

Based in Minneapolis, Carlson’s brands and services employ about 190,000 people in morethan 150 countries.

Visit our website at www.carlson.com.

Emirates Airline & Group operates 101 wide-bodied aircraft (including 9 freighters) to 87 interna-tional destinations. The fleet will expand to over 150 aircraft by 2012, and will include 43A380s—the largest order for this aircraft placed by any airline. Although owned by the govern-ment of Dubai, Emirates receives no subsidy of any kind and no protection against competitionin its home market.

As well as Emirates and Dnata, the Group includes the tour operator Emirates Holidays; theDubai destination management company Arabian Adventures; the conservation-based EmiratesAl Maha Desert Resort; and Mercator, an air transport and travel software business. Dnata’s orig-inal airport handling and travel agency businesses continue to flourish. The Group, which has26,900 staff, has a 43.6 percent equity stake in Sri Lankan Airlines, with a management contract.

Dnata is the largest and most influential non-airline travel business in the Middle East andWest Asia region, providing all ramp, cargo, and passenger handling at Dubai InternationalAirport; ground handling operations in Singapore; and joint ventures at airports in Pakistan, Iran,Sudan, and the Philippines. Dnata also has a travel agency division supplying wholesale and retailtravel products and travel-related computer services.

459

Ackn

owle

dgm

ents

The World Economic Forum would like to thank the following organizations for their invaluable support of this Report.

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 459

The International Air Transport Association (IATA), founded in April 1945, is the prime vehicle forinter-airline cooperation in promoting safe, reliable, secure, and economical air services. TodayIATA represents 250 airlines comprising 94 percent of international scheduled air traffic.

Qatar Airways is one of the world’s fastest-growing airlines, achieving unprecedented growthaveraging 35 percent year on year.

It relaunched in 1997 under the guidance and vision of His Highness Sheikh Hamad BinKhalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar, whose mandate was clear—to create a premium quality airline thatwould excel in service and set industry standards, which others could only admire with envy.

Qatar Airways excels in leadership and innovation—it was the first in the world to pass the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Operational Safety Audit with a maximum 100 percent compliance in 2003.

Ten years on, under the leadership of Chief Executive Officer Akbar Al Baker, Qatar Airwayshas developed into an award-winning business, achieving a Five Star ranking for superior levelsof service both in the air and on the ground.

Today, Qatar Airways operates more than 70 scheduled routes worldwide with a modernfleet of more than 50 all-Airbus aircraft.

Royal Jordanian Airlines was established in 1963 upon the initiative of his late Majesty KingHussein, and has been flying continuously ever since. With a fleet of 25 aircraft, Royal Jordanianflies to over 50 destinations, serving the widest network of international airports in the MiddleEast and Arab World of any airline. Based in Amman, the airline also serves Europe, Asia, andthe United States. With three destinations in the United States, Royal Jordanian also has themost extensive coverage of the United States of any Middle Eastern airline. It was the first air-line in the Middle East invited to join one of the three global airline alliances, and will becomepart of oneworld in early 2007.

Restructured over the past few years, Royal Jordanian operates as a public shareholdingcompany with no support (direct or indirect) from the Jordanian government. It is on track for privatization of the core business in 2007, with most of the auxiliary businesses already spun off successfully. Royal Jordanian has generated a net profit since 2004. Its recent strategy hascreated a strong regional network, which supports His Majesty King Abdullah’s vision of Ammanpositioning itself as a regional hub.

Silversea is a cruise company reflecting generations of maritime and travel experience. In theearly 1990s, the Lefebvre family of Rome, former owners of Sitmar Cruises, conceived andorganized a unique cruise company pledging to build and operate the highest-quality ships in theultra-luxury segment.

Silversea launched its first ship, Silver Cloud, in 1994, followed by Silver Wind in 1995, SilverShadow in 2000, and the newest ship, Silver Whisper in 2001. The fleet was purpose-built forthe ultra-luxury market, establishing a new class of smaller, intimate vessels that could slip intomore exotic ports off the beaten path. These elite vessels were specifically designed for fewerguests, more space, and the highest levels of personalized service, delivered by Italian officersand European staff.

Taking the company into the future is Albert Peter, Silversea’s Chief Executive Officer. Sincetaking the leadership reins in June 2001, Mr. Peter has steered the company to a steady courseof high customer satisfaction, financial stability, and new product innovation.

Swiss International Air Lines is Switzerland’s national airline, serving 69 destinations around theworld from its Zurich hub and from Basel and Geneva international airports. Operating a fleet of69 aircraft, SWISS is a key player within the Lufthansa Group and the global Star Alliance.SWISS will remain true to its mission of providing quality air services that link Switzerland withEurope and the world.

People who fly with SWISS should always feel at home. And, with its core values of “personal care,” “Swiss hospitality,” and “quality down to the finest detail,” SWISS will continue to maintain its high market profile as Switzerland’s national airline, committed at alltimes to providing first-class service on board and on the ground.

460

Ackn

owle

dgm

ents

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 460

The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the specialized agency of the United Nations in thefield of tourism and the leading international organization for the sector. The UNWTO serves as aglobal forum for tourism policy issues and practical source of tourism know-how.

In the year 2006, UNWTO celebrated a twofold anniversary: 60 years of international work in favor of tourism, travel, and development, and its 30th anniversary in Spain. The organizationplays a central role within the UN System in promoting the development of responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism within the framework of the MillenniumDevelopment Goals.

The UNWTO encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, with a view to ensuring that member countries, tourist destinations, and businesses maximizethe positive economic, social, and cultural effects of tourism and fully reap its benefits, whileminimizing its negative social and environmental impacts.

In 2007, the UNWTO’s membership is comprised of 150 countries, 7 territories, and morethan 300 Affiliate Members representing the private sector, educational institutions, tourismassociations, local tourism authorities, and civil society.

Visa is a private, membership association jointly owned by more than 20,000 member financialinstitutions around the world. The organization is dedicated to connecting those members, theircardholders, and their merchant clients through the world’s largest electronic payments network.

Visa products allow buyers and sellers to conduct commerce with ease and confidence inboth the physical and virtual worlds. And, with 1.46 billion cards in circulation that generate morethan US$4.3 trillion in global sales, as well as unsurpassed acceptance in more than 170 countriesand more than 24 million locations worldwide, the reach and popularity of Visa-branded cards isnearly universal.

Visa is headquartered in San Francisco, California, and has six regions and a corporate headquarters. For more information, visit www.corporate.visa.com.

The World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) is the global business leaders’ forum for Travel &Tourism. Its Members are the Chairmen and Chief Executives of 100 of the world’s foremostorganizations, representing all regions of the world and all sectors of the industry.

Travel & Tourism is one of the world’s largest industries, employing approximately 230 million people and generating over 10 percent of world GDP. As the voice of the global privatesector, WTTC works together with governments to raise awareness of the economic and socialimportance of our industry across the world. WTTC’s extensive economic research—TourismSatellite Accounting—provides public and private sector decision makers with estimates andforecasts for the direct and indirect impacts of Travel & Tourism activity. The research identifiesTravel & Tourism’s contribution to capital investment, exports, gross domestic product, and jobsfor more than 174 countries across the world.

461

Ackn

owle

dgm

ents

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 461

TT.part2b.r2 2/21/07 11:51 AM Page 462

Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report Part 3/3

Documents

Transcript of Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report Part 3/3