Transport/Circulatory SystemTransport/Circulatory SystemA. Purpose

Delivers ODelivers O2 2 to cells in exchange for COto cells in exchange for CO2 2

Transports nutrients ,hormones, gases Transports nutrients ,hormones, gases & wastes& wastes

Aids in fighting diseaseAids in fighting diseaseB. Why?

Oxygen is needed to release energy Oxygen is needed to release energy (ATP) (ATP)

C. How? Through a pumping mechanism used Through a pumping mechanism used

by heartby hearthttp://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/circulatorysystem/

D. Pathway of Blood -2 part closed circulatory system

1.Pulmonary Circulation (Right Side of )

Takes deoxygenated Takes deoxygenated blood to the blood to the lungs lungs & & returns oxygenated returns oxygenated blood back to heartblood back to heart

2. Systemic Circulation (Left side of )

Provides oxygenated Provides oxygenated blood to rest of blood to rest of bodybody

Evolution of circulatory system

fish amphibian reptiles birds & mammals

A A

VV V VV

A AAAA

V

2 chamber 3 chamber 3 chamber 4 chamber

Not everyone has a 4-chambered heart

E. Pathway

RIGHT RIGHT ATRIAATRIA

RIGHT RIGHT VENTRICLEVENTRICLE

PULMPULMARTERYARTERY BOTHBOTH

LUNGSLUNGS

S. VENA CAVA

I. VENA I. VENA CAVACAVA

CO2 OUT

O2 IN

PULM. PULM. VEINVEIN

LEFT ATRIALEFT ATRIA

LEFT LEFT VENTRICLEVENTRICLEAORTAAORTABODYBODY

BACK TO BACK TO VENA VENA CAVACAVA

F. Structure of the Heart – 4 chambered

• Right side carries O2 poor (deoxygenated) blood to lungs

• Left side carries O2 rich (oxygenated) blood to the rest of the body

• Analogous to cytoplasm of one celled organisms

A = aorta – largest arteryB = pulmonary arteries (deoxygenated blood)C = pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood)D = left atrium upper chamber (thin)E = valve –prevent backflowF = left ventricle lower chamber (thick)G = right ventricle H = valve I = vena cavae J = right atrium

(areas shaded red have oxygenated blood while those shaded blue have deoxygenated blood)

Right side

Left side

Diagram of Heart and Blood FlowDiagram of Heart and Blood Flow

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSbbDnbSEyMhttp://www.ask.com/youtube?q=circulatory+song+video+clip&v=q0s-1MC1hcE

Section 37-1

Figure 37-5 The Three Types of Blood Vessels

Capillary

Connective tissue

Connective tissue

Smooth muscle

Smooth muscle

Endothelium

Endothelium

Valve

Venule

Endothelium

Arteriole

VeinArtery

BLOOD VESSELS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjNKbL_-cwA

G. Blood Vessels1)Arteries: Carry oxygenated

blood away from the heart; high pressure

2) Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart; have valves to prevent backflow; low pressure

3)3) Capillaries: Capillaries: tiny, tiny vessels tiny, tiny vessels where gas exchange occurs; where gas exchange occurs; connect arteries to veinsconnect arteries to veins

H. Blood Composition - human body contains 4-6 liters

Part(s)Part(s) DescriptionDescription DiagramDiagram DiseaseDisease

Plasma Plasma (liquid)(liquid)

• transporting nutrients and hormones

• 90% water, 10% other

• Yellow color

RBC RBC (erythrocytes) (erythrocytes)

Made in bone Made in bone marrowmarrow

• disk-shaped & lack nuclei

• Carries O2 using

hemoglobin (allows RBC’s to carry O2 ).

Anemia Anemia (lack of (lack of iron)iron)

Sickle cell diseaseSickle cell disease

PlateletsPlatelets • cell fragments, not cells

• Blood clotting• “Dot-like” fragments

scattered

Hemophilia Hemophilia ((blood doesn’t clot)

WBC WBC (leukocytes)(leukocytes)

• Functions in the immune system by attacking foreign substances

• Larger than RBC’sLarger than RBC’s• Has a nucleus

Leukemia Leukemia ((too many abnormal WBC’s WBC’s are produced)

Leukemia Smear

Diseased white blood cell

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

Types of WBC’s

1.Phagocytes1.Phagocytes– Engulfs and destroy Engulfs and destroy

bacteriabacteria

2.Lymphocytes2.Lymphocytes– Produce antibodies that Produce antibodies that

clump antigens clump antigens (bacteria)(bacteria)

Copy these notes under chart

Section 37-2

Figure 37-7 Blood

Whole Blood Sample

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

• Centrifugation – separating the parts of blood into layers based on density

Section 37-2

Figure 37-7 Blood

Whole Blood Sample

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

Section 37-2

Figure 37-7 Blood

Whole Blood Sample

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Plasma

Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

Clotting Process - uses platelets How Does blood clot http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=clotting+process+animation&qs=AS&sk=AS1&FORM=QBVR&pq=clotting%20process&sc=8-16&sp=2&qs=AS&sk=AS1&adlt=strict#view=detail&mid=BB4338AF0FA5F3276DCDBB4338AF0FA5F3276DCD

3. Protein fibersbuild the clot

2. Platelets clump sealing the hole

1. Break in capillary wall

Heart Disease (Basics #1)Video: Understanding Heart Disease (Basics #1) http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=HEART+DISORDERS+VIDEO&FORM=VIRE14&adlt=strict#view=detail&mid=8B44B4B68E548634E8A58B44B4B68E548634E8A5

Heart disease death rates 1996-2002Adults ages 35 and older

Women & Heart Disease

• Heart disease is 3rd leading cause of death among women aged 25–44 years & 2nd leading cause of death among women aged 45–64 years.

Risk factorsSmokingLack of exerciseHigh fat dietOverweight

Death rates for heart disease per 100,000 women, 2002

I. Cardiovascular Homeostatic Disorders1.Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) – NARROWING OF THE ARTERIES2. Angina pectoris •pain in the chest which radiates into the left shoulder and arm •occurs especially when physical exertion results in a lack of oxygen supply to the heart muscle•caused by a reduction of blood supply due to partial blockage(s) of coronary arteries 3. Coronary thrombosis--heart attack •caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery that stops circulation to part of the heart muscle •attack is fatal if much heart muscle is involved.4. Atherosclerosis – build up of plaque in the artery wall causing a blockage to the heart

normal artery hardening of arteries