TRANSPORTATION LAWCOURSE OUTLINEAtty. Maria Zarah R. Villanueva-CastroI. PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONSA. Governing Laws1. New Civil Code2. Warsaw Convention3. Code of Commerce4. Carriage of Goods by Sea Act5. Salvage Law6. Public Service Act7. Article XII, Sec. 11 on operation of public utilityB. Concept of public Utility & public service (Sec. 13, Public Service Act)C. Constitutional limitations on operation of public utilities (Art. XII, 1987 Constitution)D. Regulatory AgenciesE. Concept of franchise and certificate of public convenience

CASES: National Development Company vs. CA, August 19, 1998; Tatad vs. Sec. Garcia, April 16, 1995; Radio Communication of the Phils, Inc. NTC, 150 SCRA 450II. GENERAL CONCEPTSA. Contract of Transportation in generalB. Perfection C. Common Carrier 1. statutory definition (Art. 1732, NCC)2. distinguished from private carrier3. distinguished from towage, arrastre and stevedoring4. tests to determine common carrier5. Parties to the contract of carriageD. Registered owner rule and Kabit SystemCASES: Spouses Dante Cruz and Leonora Cruz vs. Sun Holidays, Inc., G.R. No. 186312, June 29, 2012; A.F Sanchez Brokerage, Inc. vs. CA G.R. No. 147079, December 21, 2004; Crisostomo vs. CA, August 25, 2003, GR No. 138334; De Guzman vs. CA, Dec. 12, 1988; First Phil. Industrial Corp. vs. CA, Dec. 29, 1998; Erezo vs. Jepte, Sept. 30, 1957; Lim vs. CA, Jan. 16, 2002; Lita Enterprises vs. IAC, April 27, 1984; Teja Marketing vs. IAC, 148 SCRA 347; Nostradamus Villanueva vs. Domingo, G.R. No. 144274, September 20, 2004; Spouses Hernandez et al vs. Spouses Dolor et al, GR No. 160286, July 30, 2004; FEB Leasing and Finance Corporation (now BPI Leasing Corp.) vs. Sps. Sergio P. Baylon and Maritess Villena Baylon, et al., G.R. No. 181398, June 29, 2011); Spouses Teodoro and Nanette Perena v. Spouses Nicolas and Teresita L. Zarate, G.R. No. 157917, August 29, 2012III. OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMMON CARRIER IN A CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE OF GOODSA. Vigilance over the goods1. Duty to exercise extraordinary diligence (Art. 1733, NCC, Article 363, 364 & 365, CC) 2. Presumption of negligence (Art. 1735, NCC)3. Duration of liability (Art. 1736, 1737 & 1738, NCC)4. Defenses of common carriers (Art. 1734, 1739, 1740, 1742, & 1743)a. fortuitous event (Art. 1739, NCC)b. public enemy (Art. 1739, NCC)c. improper packing (Art. 1742, NCC)d. order of public authority (Art. 1743, NCC)5. Contributory negligence of the shipper (Art. 1741, NCC)6. Stipulation limiting liability of carrier (Art. 1744, 1748, 1749 & 1750 NCC)a. Requisites (Art. 1744, 1751, NCC)b. invalid stipulations (Art. 1745, NCC)c. effect of delay (Art. 1747, NCC)d. rule on presumption of negligence despite stipulation (Art. 1752, NCC) B. Other obligations1. Duty to accept goods a. Grounds for valid refusal to accept goods2. Duty to deliver goodsa. Time of delivery (Art. 358, CC)b. Consequences of delay (Art. 1740 & 1747, NCC; Art. 370-374, CC)c. Place of delivery (Art. 360, CC)d. To whom delivery shall be made (Art. 368 & 369, CC)CASES: Delsan Transport Lines, Inc. vs. American Home Insurance, G.R. No. 149019, 15 August 2006; Sarkies Tours Phils vs. CA, Oct. 2, 1997; Tabacalera Insurance vs. North Front Shipping, May 16, 1997; Macam vs. CA, Aug. 25, 1999; Samar Mining Company vs Nordeutscher Lloyd, et al., Oct. 23, 1984; Servando vs. Phil. Steam Navigation, Oct. 23, 1982; Edgar Cokaliong Shipping Lines vs. UCPB General Insurance Company, June 25, 2003; Eastern Shipping Lines vs. IAC, 150 SCRA 469; Bascos vs. CA, Apr. 7, 1993; Ganzon vs. CA, May 30, 1988; Philamgen vs. MCG Marine Services, March 8, 2002; Calvo vs. UCPB General Insurance 379 SCRA 510; Belgian Overseas Chartering vs. Phil. First Insurance Co., 383 SCRA 23IV. OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMMON CARRIER IN A CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERSA. Safety of Passengers1. Duty to observe utmost diligence (Art. 1755, NCC)2. Duration of liability3. Presumption of negligence (Art. 1756, NCC)4. Liability for acts of employees (Art. 1759, NCC)5. Liability for acts of strangers (Art. 1763, NCC)6. Effect of stipulation on liability (Art. 1757, 1758,1760, NCC)B. Passenger's Baggages (Art. 1754, 1998, 2000 to 2003, NCC)C. Relevant provisions of the Warsaw Convention1. Binding Effect of the Warsaw Convention2. Categories of International Air Transportation3. Liability under the ConventionCASES: Aboitiz Shipping Corporation vs. CA, 179 SCRA 95; Dangwa Transportation vs. CA, 202 SCRA 574; LRT vs. Navidad, Feb. 6, 2003; La Mallorca vs. CA, July 27, 17 SCRA 739; Japan Airlines vs. CA, Aug. 7, 1998; Phil. Airlines vs. CA, 226 SCRA 423; Gacal vs. PAL, 183 SCRA 189; Fortune Express, Inc. vs. CA, March 18, 1999; Pilapil vs. CA, Dec, 22, 1989; Maranan vs. Perez, 20 SCRA 412; Singapore Airlines vs. Andion Fernandez, 10 December 2003; Fortune Express vs. CA, March 18, 1999; Bachelor Express vs. CA, July 31, 1990; De Gillaco vs. Manila Railroad Company, G.R. No. L-8034, Nov. 18, 1955; Cathay Pacific Airways vs. CA, March 5, 1993; Mapa vs. CA, July 8, 1998 V. OBLIGATIONS OF THE SHIPPER, CONSIGNEE AND PASSENGERA. Effect of negligence of shipper or passenger (Art. 1741, 1761, 1762, NCC)B. Payment of freight (Art. 374 & 375, CC)C. Liability for demurrageCASES: Isaac vs. A.L. Ammen Transportation, 101 Phil 1046; Compania Maritima vs. CA, Aug. 29, 1988; PNR vs. CA, Oct. 4, 1985VI. EXTRAORDINARY DILIGENCEA. Underlying ReasonB. Effect of Stipulation (Art. 1744, 1757, 1758, & 1760, NCC)C. Extraordinary diligence in carriage by sea1. Seaworthiness of the vessel (Sec. 3 [1] & [2] COGSA; Sec. 116 & 119, IC; Art. 609, CC)2. Overloading3. Proper Storage4. Obligation of captain and crew5. Rule on deviation and transshipment (Art. 359, CC)D. Extraordinary diligence in carriage by land1. Vehicle's condition2. Traffic Rules (See relevant provisions of RA 4136)3. Obligation to InspectE. Extraordinary diligence in carriage by airCASES: Standard Vacuum Oil vs. Luzon Stevedoring, April 18, 1956; Planters Products, Inc. vs. CA, Sept. 15, 1993; Mecenas, et al. vs. CA, 180 SCRA 83; Brinas vs. People of the Phils., Nov. 25, 1983; BLTB vs. IAC, Nov. 14, 1988; Batangas Transportation Company vs. Caguimbal, et al, Jan. 24, 1968; Mallari vs. CA, Jan. 31, 2000; Nocum vs. Laguna Tayabas Bus Company, Oct. 31, 1969; PAL vs. CA, Sept. 15, 1993; Vda. De Abeto vs. PAL, July 30, 1982; Japan Airlines vs. Michael Asuncion et al, G.R. No. 161730, January 28, 2005VII. BILL OF LADING AND OTHER FORMALITIESA. Definition of bill of ladingB. Classes of bill of ladingC. Nature of bill of lading (Art. 353, 709 CC; Sec. 3[4] and [5], COGSA)1. as a contract a. Basic stipulations in a bill of lading (Art. 350, 707-718, CC; Sec. 4[5] COGSA)b. Prohibited stipulations (Art. 1745, NCC)2. as a document of title (Art. 1508, 1509, 1510, 1513, 1515 NCC)3. as a receiptD. Relevant provisions of the Warsaw Convention (Art. 17-19, 22, WC)CASES: HE Heacock Company vs. Macondray, Oct. 3, 1921; Ong Yiu vs. CA, June 29, 1979; Sea-Land Service vs. IAC, Aug. 31, 1987; Citadel Lines vs. CA, Apr. 25, 1990; Everett Steamship Corporation vs. CA, Oct. 8, 1998; Saludo, Jr. vs. CA, 207 SCRA 498; Northwest Airlines vs. Cuenca, Aug. 31, 1965; Alitalia vs. IAC, Dec. 4, 1990; Pan American World Airways vs. IAC, Aug. 11, 1988; China Airlines vs. Daniel Chiok, July 30, 2003; Santos III vs. Northwest Airlines, June 23, 1992; United Airlines vs. Willie Uy, Nov. 19, 1999 VIII. ACTIONS IN CASE OF BREACH OF CONTRACT OF CARRIAGEA. Causes of action and nature/extent of liability (culpa contractual, culpa aquiliana and culpa delictual)B. Prescriptive period and conditions precedent1. Overland transportation of goods and coastwise shipping (Art. 366, CC)2. International carriage of goods by sea (Sec. 3[6]C. Recoverable DamagesCASES: Fabre vs. CA, July 26, 1996; PhilAmGen Insurance vs. Sweetlines 212 SCRA 194; Ang vs. American Steamship Agencies, 125 SCRA 543; Mitsui vs. CA, 287 SCRA 366; Fil Merchants vs. Alejandro, 145 SCRA 42; Mayer Steel Pipe Corp. vs. CA, 274 SCRA 432; Dole Phils. vs. Maritime Company of the Phils. Feb. 27, 1987; Insurance Company of North America v. Asian Terminals, Inc., G.R. No. 180784, February 15, 2012; Benjamin Cua v. Wallen Philippines Shipping, Inc., G.R. No. 171337, July 11, 2012IX. MARITIME LAWA. Concept of Maritime LawB. Limited liability rule (Art. 587, 590, 643, 837, CC)1. concept2. exceptions to the rule3. abandonment C. Vessels1. Acquisitiona. by prescription (Art. 573 & 575, CC)b. by sale (Art. 576-578, CC)c. registration (Sec. 810, Tariff and Customs Code)d. ships manifest (Sec. 906, TCC)2. Mortage of vessels (See relevant provisions of the Ship Mortgage Decree or PD 1521)D. Persons who take part in Maritime Commerce1. Shipowners and shipagents (Art. 586-588, CC)a. Rules in case of part-owners (Art. 589-594, CC)b. Rules in case of shipagents (Art. 595-602, CC)2. Captains and masters of vesselsa. Qualifications (Art. 609, CC)b. Powers and functions (Art. 610-612, CC)c. Discretion powers3. Pilota. Conceptb. Relationship to master and shipowner4. Officers and crew of the vessel E. Charter Parties 1. Concept2. Kinds: bareboat and contract of affreightment3. Persons qualified to make charter4. Requisites of a valid charter (Art. 652, CC)5. Concept of and liability for demurrage6. Rights and obligations of charter partiesF. Loans on Bottomry and Respondentia1. Definition (Art. 719, CC)2. Distinguished from ordinary loan3. Parties to the loan4. Formalities needed (Art. 720, CC)5. Effect of loss of on loan (Art. 731, CC)6. Cases where loan is regarded as simple loan (Art. 726-729, CC)G. Averages1. Concept (Art. 806, CC)2. Classes of average and the persons liablea. Simple average (Art. 809-810, CC)b. General average (Art. 811, 812-813, 816-818, 732, 859-861, CC)H. Collisions1. Definition2. Zones in collision (see: doctrine of error in extremis)3. Rules on liability (Art. 826-832 CC; see: doctrine of inscrutable fault)4. Limited liability rule (Art. 837, CC)I. Arrival under stress1. Concept (Art. 819, CC)2. When improper (Art. 820, CC)3. Expenses (Art. 821-822, CC)4. Custody of cargo (Art. 823-824, CC)5. Captains liability (Art. 825, CC)6. Rules in case of shipwreck (Art. 840-845, CC)J. Salvage1. Definition 2. Rights and obligations of salvors and owners (See relevant provisions of the Salvage Law)CASES: Aboitiz Shipping Corporation vs. General Accident Fire and Life Assurance Corporation, 217 SCRA 359; Chua Yek Hong vs. IAC, Dec. 14, 1988; Monarch Insurance vs. CA, 281 SCRA 534; PhilAmGen vs. CA, 273 SCRA 262; Vasquez vs. CA, 138 SCRA 553; Abueg vs. San Diego, 77 Phil 730; Luzon Stevedoring vs. CA, Dec. 3, 1987; Yangco vs. Laserna, Oct. 29, 1941; Yu Con vs. Ipil, G.R. No. L-10195, Dec. 29, 1916; Inter-Orient Maritime Enterprises vs. CA, 235 SCRA 267; Far Eastern Shipping vs. CA, Oct. 1, 1998; Caltex Phils. vs. Sulpicio Lines, Inc., 315 SCRA 709; Planters Products vs. CA, 226 SCRA 478; A. Magsaysay, Inc. vs. Agan, Jan. 31, 1955; Macondray vs. Provident Insurance Corporation, GR No. 154305, December 9, 2004