TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN LIVING ORGANISMORGANISMSMPK PENABUR

JAKARTA

Part 1Part 1

A. PLANT TRANSPORT SYSTEM

• Transport tissue?

• Where?

A. 1. Water Transport

• Water liquid matter

• Affected by environment▫ Moist condition = in

TRANSPIRATION

▫ Moist condition = in

▫ Dry condition = out

• Soil plant cell = diff [ ]

• Concentration?

• Solute move from [high] [low] = diffusion

• Solvent move from [low] [high] = osmosis

Semipermeable membrane

Semipermeable Membrane

• Certain molecule, such as water

• As traffic control

• Ex: cell membrane• Ex: cell membrane

• Solvent?

• Solute?

Path of WaterRoot Hair

osmosis

Epider-mis

CortexEndoder-mis

Perisikel

Xylem

From root to leaves?

• Capillarity of the stem Capillary pipe

Affected by cohesion and adhesion Affected by cohesion and adhesion

• Leaves surface tension▫ Transpiration

▫ Used by leaves pull water from xylem

A. 2. Nutrition Transport• Needed by?

• Nutrition = sugar, amino acids

• From leaves to all parts?

Part 2Part 2

How much is your blood?

Human Circulatory System

• Carry?

• Consist of:▫ Blood circulation▫ Blood circulation

▫ Lymphatic system Lymphatic organs

Lymphatic vessels

B.1. Blood

• Consist of:▫ Blood cells RBC RBC

WBC

Thrombocyte

▫ Plasma 50%

B.1.1 RBC

• 5-6 million/ mm3

• Form in bone marrow

• Round, flat

• Don’t have any nucleus

• biconcave

• Contain Hb (Fe)

• Bright red = O2

• Violet red = CO• Violet red = CO2

• Oxygen transported into all cells

• In cell oxygen is de-attached from Hb

• Absorbed by diffusion• Absorbed by diffusion

• RBC reformation billirubin (in liver)

B.1.2. WBC

1. 2. WBC

• Have nucleus

• Irregular shape

• Movement = amoeboid• Movement = amoeboid

• Can go through blood vessel = diapedesis

• 5.000-10.000/mm3

• form in bone marrow, lymph, limfe

Type of WBC

Name of Leucocyte Function

Monocyte Eat germs that enter our body

Neutrophil Eat germs that enter our body

Lymphocyte Make antibodyLymphocyte Make antibody

Basophil Allergy reaction

Eusinophil Allergy reaction, esp. worm

B.1.2. WBC

• Lymphocyte▫ Lypmh

▫ Round shape-nucleus

▫ Cytoplasm don’t have any granule

▫ Make antibody

• Phagocyte▫ Bone marrow

▫ Irregular shape

▫ Can flow fr blood vessel

▫ Have nucleus

• Too much = leucocytosis

• Too less = leucopenia

B.1.3. Platelets

• Produced by Red bone marrow

• Pinched-off cytoplasmic fragments of specialized bone marrow cellsbone marrow cells

• No nucleus, no granule

• Vary in shape and sizes

• 150-400k/mm3 blood

• For: blood clotting

Blood Clotting

B.1.4. Blood Plasma

• Mostly water

• Pale yellow

• Contains: • Contains: ▫ Protein

▫ food substance

▫ blood cell

B.1.Blood-Function

• As a transport system

• Maintain body temperature

• Protect body• Protect body

B.1.Blood Type

Blood Type Agglutinogen/Antigen

Agglutinin

A A Anti-B

B B Anti-AB B Anti-A

AB A and B -

O - Anti A and B

Aglutinogen, aglutinin?

B.1. Blood Type-Rhesus

Karl Landsteiner & Alexander Wiener

• Antiserum agglutinate ur blood = Rh+• Antiserum agglutinate ur blood = Rh+

• Can lead serious medical complications

• Mother-fetus incompability

• Baby?▫ Jaundiced

▫ Fevered▫ Fevered

▫ Quite swollen

▫ Enlarged liver and spleen

Part 3Part 3

C.1. HEART

• As a pump

• Four parts:▫ Right atrium▫ Right atrium

▫ Left atrium

▫ Right ventricle

▫ Left ventricle

• Left atrium & left ventricle = bicuspid

• Right atrium & right ventricle = tricuspid

cleft Function

?

The Heart

• It is about the size of a closed fist

• It weighs about 300 g

• It is made up of special muscles which contract and relax

• It pumps throughout a lifetime, at • It pumps throughout a lifetime, at about 70 times a minute

• Section heart: 4 chambers and 4 valves

• Upper chambers atrium, lower chambers ventricles

The chambers• Atria push blood into ventricles and then

ventricles push blood out of heart.

• Ventricles require greater force force to push blood, so it have thicker walls than atria

• Muscular wall called septum, separates left side and right side and right side

The valves• Atrio-ventricular valves- Lie between atria and

ventricle.- Tricuspid on the right side- Bicuspid on the left side

• Semilunar valves: lie between left ventricle and aorta; between right ventricle and pulmonary arteryartery

They act as doors, ensure blood flow in one direction and prevent it from flowing backwards

Heart work

• Two atrium deflate, two ventricle inflate▫ Blood from atrium to ventricle

• Two ventricle shrivelled, two atrium expanded• Two ventricle shrivelled, two atrium expanded▫ Right ventricle = to lung

▫ Left ventricle = to other parts

▫ From lung = left atrium

▫ Other parts = right atrium

• They take a rest for short time

Rich CO2 (fr

all over the body)

Two vena cava

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Arteripulmonalis

Rich O2 (frlung)

Vena pulmonalis

Left atrium

Left ventricl

eAorta

All over the

body

C.2. Blood Vessel

• Artery▫ Largest = aorta

▫ Bring oxygen rich blood from left ventricle to all ▫ Bring oxygen rich blood from left ventricle to all over the body

▫ Smaller vessel = arteries

▫ Smallest vessel = capillary vessel

• Vein

The blood vessels• Blood vessels form a network of tubes to bring

blood around our body.

• 2+1 types of blood vessels

Blood pressure

• 120/80

• 120 systole▫ Ventricle contracts▫ Ventricle contracts

• 80 diastole▫ Ventricle relaxes

Part 4Part 4

• Closed circulatory system

• Blood pass heart twice = double circulation

A. Pulmonary Circulation

• Heart – lungs – heart1. to the superior and inferior

vena cava,vena cava,2. then to the right atrium3. through the tricuspid valve4. to the right ventricle5. through the pulmonic valve6. to the pulmonary artery7. to the lungs

B. Systemic Circulation

• Heart – all over the body – heart

The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, and then flows from the lungs:lungs:1. to the pulmonary veins2. to the left atrium3. through the mitral valve4. to the left ventricle5. through the aortic valve6. to the aorta7. to the body

Part 5Part 5

1. Hypertension: blood pressure > normal

2. Hypotension: blood pressure < normal

3. Anemia: erythrocytes < normal

•Men < 13,5 g/100ml•Women < 12 g/100ml• caused by either a decrease

in production of red blood cells or hemoglobin, or an increase in loss or destruction of red blood

4. Sickle Cell Anemia

• Hemoglobin becomes defective and causes the RBC to change the shape

• Normal HgbA sickle HgbS

destruction of red blood cells.

5. Thalassemia▫ erythrocytes easily damaged

▫ Abnormal Hb

▫ inherited

6. Leukemia = cancer of the blood cells

When you have leukemia, the bone marrow starts to make a lot of abnormal white blood cells, called leukemia cells. They don't do the work of normal white blood cells. They grow faster than normal cells, and they don't stop growing when they should.

7. Leukocytosis

8. Leukopenia: leucocytes < normal

9. Thrombocytopenia: reduce thrombocytes or platelets

10. Varices: enlargement of vein at legs

• 11. arteriosclerosis: thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial wall.

• 12. Atherosclerosis: plaque (plak) builds up inside arteries. Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.

13. Heart Attack• Myocardinal infaction• Unthreated atherosclerosis• The damage or death of cardiac

muscle tissue resulting from blockage of one or more coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart musclemuscle

14. Stroke

• the death of nervous tissue in the brain due to a lack of O

• result from rupture or blockage of arteries in the head

11. arteriosclerosis: blockage of artery caused by calcium

12. Atherosclerosis: blockage of artery caused by 12. Atherosclerosis: blockage of artery caused by fat