Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.
-
Upload
rebecca-hawkins -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.
![Page 1: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions
John Freiderich
NCSS
07/27/2006
![Page 2: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
Accumulated Spent Nuclear Fuel Over 40k metric tons
Spallation Transmutation
![Page 3: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Spallation
What does this entail? Incident Particle Target Nucleus
Goal: Generate Neutrons
![Page 4: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cross-Section
Incident Particles Charged Particles
Uncharged Particles
)1(2
BRTOT
2)( RTOT
![Page 5: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mass Partitions
![Page 6: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Two-Step Nucleon Production
First Step Penetration Intranuclear Cascade
Second Step De-excitation of Compound Nucleus
Evaporation of nucleons and light nuclei Fission
![Page 7: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Intranuclear Cascade
![Page 8: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Spent Nuclear Fuel
Prediction: Enrico Fermi (1940s) Today
Criticality Concerns Decay Heat Management Radioactive Waste Handling
Seen as Primary Problems
![Page 9: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Products of Nuclear Waste
Radio nuclides 90Sr, 137Cs 239Pu, 242Pu, 237Np, 129I, 135Cs and 99Tc
Mobility & Half-lives
![Page 10: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Transmutation
Transforming the Nucleus Neutron Absorption
eRuTcnTc 56
1004457
100431
1056
9943
![Page 11: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Neutron Absorption
Induced through Sub-critical System Accelerator-Driven System (ADS) External Source of Neutrons
![Page 12: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chemical Reprocessing
Aqueous Separations Remove 238U and some other fission
products
![Page 13: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ADS Schematic
![Page 14: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conclusion
Exponential growth in Energy Demand Spallation provides neutron source
![Page 15: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Inquiries?
![Page 16: Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649ebb5503460f94bc3269/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
References
[1]Benlliure, J.; Schmidt, K.-H. Basic nuclear data for nuclear waste transmutation and radioactive nuclear beam production. Nucl. Phys. A. 2004, 746, 281c-287c.
[2]Bernas, M.; Armbruster, P.; Benlliure, J.; Boudard, A.; Casarejos, E.; Enqvist, T.; Kelic, A.; Legrain, R.; Leray, S.; Pereira, J.; Rejmund, F.; Ricciardi, M.-V.; Schmidt, K.-H.; Stéphan, C.; Taieb, J.; Tassan-Got, L.; Volant, C. Very heavy fission fragments produced in the spallation reaction 238U+p at 1 A GeV. Nucl. Phys. A. 2005, 765, 197-210.
[3]Friedlander, G.; Kennedy, J. W.; Macias, E. S.; Miller, J. M. Nuclear and Radiochemistry, 3rd edition; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1981; 171-176.
[4](a) Gudowski, W. Transmutation of Nuclear Waste. Nucl. Phys. A. 2000, 663&664, 169c-182c. (b) Accelerator-driven Transmutation Projects. The Importance of Nuclear Physics Research for Waste Transmutation. Nucl. Phys. A. 1999, 654, 436c-457c.
[5]Loveland, W.; Morrissey, D.J.; Seaborg, G.T. Modern Nuclear Chemistry; John Wiley and Sons: New Jersey, 2006; 288-290.
[6]Mueller, A. C. Nuclear waste incineration and accelerator aspects from the European PDS-XADS study. Nucl. Phys. A. 2005, 751, 453c-468c.