www.reg.rw

TRANSMISSION MASTER PLAN FOR RWANDA

June 2019

www.reg.rw

HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION NETWORK

PURPOSE OF TRANSMISSION PLAN▪ The function of the Transmission Network (110kV and 220kV) is to evacuate power from the Generation stations to

the main substations in the country. The objective is to do this efficiently to minimize losses, enable reliability and

flexibility

▪ To plan and design Internationally Interconnected Transmission lines

▪ To plan and design the network to function under contingency conditions

▪ To plan and design how every significant power plant must have more than one evacuation line in order to optimize

the availability of the power plants at all conditions.

▪ To plan and design how existing lines can be upgraded/maintained without network interference.

CHALLENGES WITH THE EXISTING TRANSMISSION NETWORK▪ Isolated from the Transmission Networks of the neighbouring countries.

▪ Many substations have only one source of supply and some of them don`t have n-1 connections.

▪ All power plants have only one evacuation line each which reduces the availability of the power plants during the

failure of the evacuation line and this may result to the catastrophic circumstance of blackout.

▪ Voltage Drop from Ntaruka switchyard towards Rwinkwavu Substation are very high due to the small size of the

conductor and long distance.

www.reg.rw

CONTENTS

▪ Methodology

▪ Planning Criteria

▪ Load Forecast Methodology

▪ Assumptions

▪ Network Development

▪ Load forecast

▪ Recommendations

www.reg.rw

Methodology1. Model the existing network using PowerFactory2. Model network with existing loads3. Do load forecast

1. Existing network2. New Electrification3. Bulk loads

4. Simulate existing network with future loads to determine network supply limits

5. Model future networks6. Simulate future loads on future network7. Determine problem areas and test alternative proposals

www.reg.rw

PLANNING CRITERIA

www.reg.rw

Planning Criteria• All transmission lines in Rwanda must have n-1 supply option (supplied from at least two sources).• All Power Substations in Rwanda must have n-1 supply (at least two evacuation options).• Evacuation of Generation must be able at n-1 conditions (at least two evacuation options).• High Voltage supply and substations must be installed at all Major Cities and Industrial Parks.• All new transmission lines are constructed to allow for two circuits (allow for future growth – use same corridor and

structures).• The transmission network will be operated at 110kV where required until the load justifies the 220kV (reduce reactive

losses) or other reactive compensation is installed for local network conditions.• The 220kV lines used for major international load transfer will be operated on 220kV.• Distribution (15kV and 30kV) must not be on the same transformer as the 220kV network. Distribution must be done from

the 110kV intermediate voltage network (Reliability of the 220kV network may not be compromised).• Transmission Substations must be designed and positioned in accordance with the requirements of the Distribution

Master Plan.• All substations shall have a double HV busbar with split or double MV busbar and coupler breaker to allow operational

flexibility (and availability) of the network.• All new substations must be designed and prepared for two transformers, even if only one is installed initially.• A minimum transformer size of 20MVA must be used for all new Distribution substations.• International Consultants shall follow the REG master plan guidelines for Transmission network development.

www.reg.rw

LOAD FORECAST METHODOLOGY

www.reg.rw

LOAD FORECAST METHODOLOGY Load Growth Calculations(Maximum Demand vs Years)• Load growth is a combination from different growth types.

LOAD GROWTH CALCULATIONS

1Growth on existing networks (grow to saturation)

(a)Growth of existing consumers

(b)Fill-in connections

2 New Networks connections (S-Curve)

3 Bulk loads (Step input)

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

12% growth

www.reg.rw

• Data is 5 years old. Data is extrapolated

with population growth before use.

1. LOCATE POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS (LOAD)

2. NOW WHERE THE LOAD IS (Feeder,

Substation)

3. SIMULATE LOAD TO IDENTIFY

REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS

LOAD FORECAST METHODOLOGY Capture Potential Customers AND LOAD GEOGRAPHICALLY

www.reg.rw

ASSUMPTIONS FOR LOAD FORECAST AND PLANNING

www.reg.rw

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Growth on Existing load LOW 0.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5%

Growth on Existing load MED 0.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 4.5% 4.5% 4.5% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.5% 3.5% 3.5%

Growth on Existing load HI 0.0% 6.0% 6.0% 6.0% 6.0% 5.5% 5.5% 5.5% 5.0% 5.0% 5.0% 4.5% 4.5% 4.5%

AssumptionsFor the distribution planning, certain assumptions must be made to calculate load forecast.

• A target of 65% of all customers must be connected on-grid, the remaining 35% off-grid

• The population growth is taken at 3%. That implies that the target connections are growing

every year with 3% and after 100% electrification, the population growth must still be catered for

to maintain the 100%.

• The growth on existing load is divided into 3 categories for urban to rural load. This only

represents the growth of existing networks and excludes new electrification and bulk loads.

www.reg.rw

Assumptions (Continued)

• Individual households can take up to 6 years from connection date to saturation load. In most African

conditions, new connections do not take up full capacity at the time of connection, but it saturates after

some time. Taking this into consideration will prevent unnecessary high forecast and wrong generation

planning.

• The average saturation load of new connections after 6 years is 80W per household. (ADMD after

Diversity Maximum Demand = 80W)

Initial Load at 100% (European model)

Initial Load saturates after 6 years (African model)

The same connections and ADMD used in two different ways.

2025

www.reg.rw

Assumptions (Continued)

• Method of calculating potential electrification load:

The 48/52% rule for on-grid is used on average for all feeders.

1. Count number of households next to the feeder using GIS Functionality

2. Due to age of Orthophoto's data, add 3% growth from 2014 = 12%

3. Calculate 64% average on each feeder to be connected

4. Do load forecast applying the S-Curve characteristic using PowerFactory functionality.

www.reg.rw

TRANSMISSION NETWORK DEVELOPMENT

www.reg.rw

Overview of new projects

www.reg.rw

List of all Transmission Projects

List of Planned Projects/Transmission Projects 1.xlsxList of Planned Projects/Transmission Projects 1.xlsx

www.reg.rw

Transmission Projects with funds

No. Project Name Components Length/Capacity Estimated Cost(USD)

Starting Period

Source of Funds

1 Replacement of a 15MVA 6.6/110 Transformer No1 in Mukungwa Switchyard

Upgrade of Mukungwa Switchyard From 15MVA to 31.5MVA

1,750,000 2019 AFDB/RBF

2 Installation of 110/30kV 20MVA Transformer at Nyabarongo I Switchyard

Extension of Nyabarongo I Switchyard20MVA 1,750,000 2019 FDB/RBF

3 Replacement of 2*15MVA 110/15kV Transformers No 1 and No2) in Gikondo Substation by 2*31.5MVA

Upgrade of Gikondo SSFrom 2*15MVA to 2*31.5MVA

3,500,000 2019 FDB/RBF

4 110kV Gahanga-BugeseraConstruction of Transmission Line, Construction of Bugesera SS

17.5 3,150,000 2019 GoR

5 110kV Bugesera-Bugesera IP Construction of Transmission Line 24 4,780,415 2019 GoR

6 220kV Shango-Bugesera Construction of Transmission Line 34.12 11,987,113 2019 AFDB and ADF

7 220kV Bugesera-RwabusoroConstruction of Transmission Line , Construction of Rwabusoro SS

39.78 29,160,616 2019 GoR

8 110kV Mukungwa-NyabihuConstruction of Transmission Line ,Construction of Nyabihu SS, Construction of Nyabihu Line bay at Mukungwa SS

28.65 5,442,254 2019 GoR

9 110kV Nyamugari-BugeseraConstruction of Transmission Line , Construction of Nyamugari SS 81.25 28,544,928 2019

AFDB and ADF for Transmission Line;GoR for Nyamugari SS

10220kV Symbion Cut-in, Cut-out

Construction of Transmission Line , Construction of Symbion Switchyard

10.5 19,890,000 2019 GoR

11220kV Mamba-Rwabusoro

Construction of Transmission Line, Construction of Mamba Switchyard

21.52 14,822,213 2019 GoR

12220kV Rusumo-Nyamugari

Construction of Transmission Line, Construction of Rusumo Switchyard

2.5 878,305 2019 AFDB and ADF

13220kV Bwishyura-Kigoma-Rwabusoro

Construction of Transmission Line , Construction of Bwishyura SS, Upgrade of Kigoma SS

74 14,282,392 2019 GoR

14 220kV Kigoma-Gisagara-Burundi BorderConstruction of Transmission Line , Construction of Gisagara SS

64 19,601,009 2020 KFW

17 New Gasogi Substation Construction of new Gasogi Substation 2 x 15MVA 23,542,130 2020 JAIKA

15 110kV Nyabarongo II-RulindoConstruction of Transmission Line, Construction of Nyabarongo II Switcyard 16.65 14,995,200 2024 GoR

16 220kV Bwishyura-Kamanyola-Rusizi III Construction of Transmission Line, Consctruction of Kamanyola SS,Consctruction of Rusizi III Switcyard

93 30,353,201 2024 EU

Total 228,429,777

www.reg.rw

Planned Transmission Projects N0. Project Name Components Length/Capacity Estimated

Cost(USD)Starting Period

Financial aspects

1 110kV Nyabarongo I-Nyabihu Construction of Transmission Line 46 14,073,091 2020 Needs to be financed

2 Construction of Bugesera Industrial Park Substation

110/30kV substation 2 x 20MVA 9,000,000 2020 Needs to be financed

3 110kVGasogi-Bugesera Construction of Transmission Line 17.8 3,382,000 2020 Needs to be financed

4 110kV Nyamugari-Rwinkwavu Construction of Transmission Line 57.2 10,868,000 2020 Needs to be financed

5 220kV Mamba-Gisagara Construction of Transmission Line 21 4,620,000 2020 Needs to be financed

6 Installation of 220/110kV Transformer at Rubavu SS

Upgrade of Rubavu SS 75/93.8MVA 2,057,819 2020 Planned in future

7 110kV Nyabihu-Rubavu Construction of Transmission Line 40 7,200,000 2021 Needs to be financed

8 110kV Musanze Substation cutt-in cutt-out

Construction of Transmission Line, Constructiomn of Musanze SS

0.596 2X20MVA 9,113,240 2021 Planned in future

9 110kV Rukarara - Huye -Gisagara

Construction of Transmission Line, Extension of Rukarara SS, Construct Huye substation

40.71 19,327,800 2022 Needs to be financed

10 110kV Rwabusoro-Bugesera IP

Construction of Transmission Line 39 7,020,000 2022 Needs to be financed

11 Installation of 220/110kV Transformer at Gisagara SS

Upgrade of Gisagara SS 75/93.8MVA 2,057,819.12 2022 Planned in future

12 110kV Kirehe cutt-in cutt-out Construction of Transmission Line, Construction of Kirehe SS

2 9,380,000 2023 Planned in future

13 110 Nyabarongo I-Muhanga and Muhanga Substation

Construction of Transmission Line, Muhanga 110/30kV SS

20.35 8,866,500 2023 Planned in future

14 Replacement of 2*16.5MVA 6.6/110 Transformers at Nyabarongo I Switchyard

Upgrade of Nyabarongo I Switchyard

From 16.5MVA to 31.5MVA

3,500,000 2024 Planned in future

15 Installation of 220/110kV Transformer at Bugesera SS

Upgrade of Bugesera SS 75/93.8MVA 2,057,819 2025 Planned in future

16 110kV Gicumbi-Nyagatare Construction of Transmission Line 43 8,113,000 2025 Planned in future

17 110kV Gicumbi cutt-in cutt-out

Construction of Transmission Line, Construction of Gucumbi SS

1.54 9,292,600 2025 Planned in future

18 110kV Kigoma-Muhanga Construction of Transmission Line, COnstruction of Muhanga SS

17.59 12,342,100 2025 Planned in future

19 110kV Nyabarongo II-Shango Construction of Transmission Line 26.55 23,732,636.54 2026 Needs to be financed

20 110kV Nyagatare-Gabiro Construction of Transmission Line, Construction of Nyagatare SS

23.87 4,535,300 2026 Planned in future

Total 170,539,725

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

40,000,000

45,000,000

50,000,000

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

USD

Years

Total Yearly Budget

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

Km

lin

e

Years

Yearly Line Length

www.reg.rw

SHORT TERM NETWORK CONFIGURATION

220kV Lines:Mamba - RwabusoroRusumo-NyamugariMamba-GisagaraShango- Mirama220/110kV Transformations:Rwabusoro 220/110kV 93.8MVARubavu 220/110kV 93.8MVABwishura 220/110kV 93.8MVAShango 220/110kV 93.8MVANyamugari 220/110kV 93.8MVAKigoma 220/110kV 93.8MVA

220kV Line to be operated on 110kVBwishyura-Rubavu-ShangoRwabusoro-BugeseraNyamugari-Bugesera-Shango

Note – Gisagara has no 220/110kV Trf. This must be installed before upgrade to 220kV

PREVIEW OF SHORT TERM NETWORK CONFIGURATION

SHORT TERM NETWORK CONFIGURATION

www.reg.rw

Existing Network (2019)Existing Transmission Network is made by the following

Transmission Lines:

➢ 220kV Bwishyura-Rubavu-Shango which is currently

operating under 110kV.

➢ 110kV MururuII-Ntendezi

➢ Ntendezi-Karongi

➢ Ntendezi-Bugarama

➢ Ntendezi-Kibogora

➢ Gishoma Peat to Power-Bugarama

➢ Karongi-Kilinda

➢ Nyabarongo I HPP-Kilinda

➢ Rukarara-Kilinda

➢ Kilinda-Kigoma

➢ Kigoma-Mount Kigali

➢ Kigoma-Gikondo

➢ Gikondo-Jabana SS

➢ Jabana I TPP-Jabana SS

➢ Jabana II TPP-Jabana SS

➢ Ntaruka HPP-Mukungwa I HPP

➢ Mukungwa I HPP-Gifurwe

➢ Mukungwa I HPP-Rulindo

➢ Rulindo-Jabana SS

➢ Jabna SS-Birembo

➢ Birembo-Gasogi

➢ Birembo-Musha

➢ Musha-Kabarondo

➢ Kabarondo-Rwinkwavu

➢ Rulindo-Gabiro-Musha

➢ Jabana-Nzove-Mount Kigali-Gahanga

➢ Ramba-Ndera

www.reg.rw

Order Project Name Components Length/Capacity Estimated Cost(USD)

Starting Period

Source of Funds

1 Replacement of a 15MVA 6.6/110 Transformer No1 in Mukungwa Switchyard

Upgrade of Mukungwa Switchyard From 15MVA to 31.5MVA

1750000 2019AFDB/RBF

2 Installation of 110/30kV 20MVA Transformer at Nyabarongo I Switchyard

Extension of Nyabarongo I Switchyard

20MVA 1750000 2019FDB/RBF

3 Replacement of 2*15MVA 110/15kV Transformers No 1 and No2) in GikondoSubstation by 2*31.5MVA

Upgrade of Gikondo SS From 2*15MVA to 2*31.5MVA

3,500,000 2019FDB/RBF

17 Construction of New Gasogi SS Construction of New Gasogi SS 2*15MVA 23,542,130 2019 JAICA

4 110kV Gahanga-BugeseraConstruction of Transmission Line

17.5 3,150,000 2019 GoRConstruction of Bugesera SS

5 110kV Bugesera-Bugesera IPConstruction of Transmission Line 24 4,780,415.35

2019GoR

Construction of Bugesera IP SS 1*20MVA 4,500,000 AFDB6 110kV Shango-Bugesera Construction of Transmission Line 34.12 11,987,113.27 2019 AFDB and ADF

7 110kV Bugesera-RwabusoroConstruction of Transmission Line

39.78 29,160,615.63 2019 GoRConstruction of Rwabusoro SS

8 110kV Mukungwa-Nyabihu

Construction of Transmission Line

28.65 5,442,254 2019 GoRConstruction of Nyabihu SSConstruction of Nyabihu Line bay at Mukungwa SS

9 110kV Nyamugari-BugeseraConstruction of Transmission Line

81.25 28,544,928.29 2019AFDB and ADF for Transmission Line;GoR for

Nyamugari SSConstruction of Nyamugari SS

10 220kV Symbion Cut-in, Cut-outConstruction of Transmission Line

10.5 19,890,000 2019 GoRConstruction of Symbion Switchyard

11 220kV Mamba-RwabusoroConstruction of Transmission Line

21.52 14,822,213.37 2019 GoRConstruction of Mamba Switchyard

12 220kV Rusumo-NyamugariConstruction of Transmission Line

2.5 878,305.48 2019 AFDB and ADFConstruction of Rusumo Switchyard

13 220kV Bwishyura-Kigoma-RwabusoroConstruction of Transmission Line

74 14,282,392 2019 GoRConstruction of Bwishyura SSUpgrade of Kigoma SS

14 220kV Kigoma-Gisagara-Burundi BorderConstruction of Transmission Line

64 19,601,008.70 2019 KFWConstruction of Gisagara SS

Total 187,581,376.09

2019 Ongoing Transmission Projects

www.reg.rw

2020 Projects

N0. Project Name Components Length/ Capacity

Estimated Cost(USD)

1 110kV Nyabarongo I-Nyabihu

Construction of Transmission Line

46 14,073,091

2 Construction of Bugesera Industrial Park Substation

110/30kV substation 2 x 20MVA 9,000,000

3 110kVGasogi-Bugesera

Construction of Transmission Line

17.8 3,382,000

5 110kV Nyamugari-Rwinkwavu

Construction of Transmission Line

57.2 10,868,000

6 220kV Mamba-Gisagara

Construction of Transmission Line

21 4,620,000

7

Installation of 220/110kV Transformer at Rubavu SS

Upgrade of Rubavu SS

75/93.8MVA

2,057,819

8220kV Kigoma-Gisagara-Burundi Border

Construction of Transmission Line , Construction of Gisagara SS

64 19,601,009

8New Gasogi Substation

Construction of new Gasogi Substation

2 x 15MVA 23,542,130

TOTAL 87,144,049

www.reg.rw

N0. Project Name Components Length/ Capacity

Estimated Cost(USD)

1110kV Nyabihu-Rubavu Construction of Transmission Line 40 7,200,000

2

110kV Musanze Substation cutt-in cutt-out

Construction of Transmission Line, Constructiomn of Musanze SS

0.596 2x20MVA

9,113,240

TOTAL 16,313,240

2021 Projects

www.reg.rw

N0. Project Name Components Length/ Capacity

Estimated Cost(USD)

1

110kV Rukarara -Huye - Gisagara

Construction of Transmission Line, Extension of Rukarara SS, Construct Huye substation

40.71 19,327,800

2

110kV Rwabusoro-Bugesera IP

Construction of Transmission Line 39 7,020,000

3

Installation of 220/110kV Transformer at Gisagara SS

Upgrade of Gisagara SS 75/93.8MVA 2,057,819

TOTAL 28,405,619

2022 Projects

www.reg.rw

2023 Projects

N0. Project Name Components Length/ Capacity

Estimated Cost(USD)

11110kV Kirehe cutt-in cutt-out

Construction of Transmission Line, Construction of Kirehe SS

2 9,380,000

12110 Nyabarongo I-Muhanga and Muhanga Substation

Construction of Transmission Line, Muhanga 110/30kV SS

20.35 8,866,500

TOTAL 18,246,500

www.reg.rw

2024 ProjectsN0. Project Name Components Length/

CapacityEstimated Cost(USD)

1

110kV Nyabarongo II-Rulindo

Construction of Transmission Line, Construction of Nyabarongo II Switcyard

16.65 14,995,200

2

Replacement of 2*16.5MVA 6.6/110 Transformers at Nyabarongo I Switchyard

Upgrade of Nyabarongo I Switchyard

From 16.5MVA

to 31.5MVA

3,500,000

3

220kV Bwishyura-Kamanyola-Rusizi III

Construction of Transmission Line, Consctruction of Kamanyola SS,Consctruction of Rusizi III Switcyard

93 30,353,201

www.reg.rw

2025 Projects

N0. Project Name Components Length/ Capacity

Estimated Cost(USD)

1Installation of 220/110kV Transformer at Bugesera SS

Upgrade of Bugesera SS 75/93.8MVA

2,057,819

2110kV Gicumbi-Nyagatare Construction of Transmission Line 43 8,113,000

3

110kV Gicumbi cutt-in cutt-out Construction of Transmission Line, Construction of Gucumbi SS

1.54 9,292,600

4

110kV Kigoma-Muhanga Construction of Transmission Line, COnstruction of Muhanga SS

17.59 12,342,100

TOTAL 31,805,519

www.reg.rw

2026 Projects

N0. Project Name Components Length/ Capacity

Estimated Cost(USD)

1110kV Nyabarongo II-Shango

Construction of Transmission Line

26.55 23,732,637

2

110kV Nyagatare-Gabiro

Construction of Transmission Line, Construction of Nyagatare SS

23.87 4,535,300

TOTAL 28,267,937

www.reg.rw

No ongoing project planned in this

year, but according to the

development of the Transmission

Master Plan, some new projects may

be started in this year even after.

www.reg.rw

0.0

50.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

250.0

300.0

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

Rwanda Grid Load Forecast (MW) after Modelling and Simulation with Power Factory

Year 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030Peak demand (MW) 173.9 188.2 205.1 218.0 236.5 249.5 257.2 264.9 272.5 276.6 280.7 282.7

www.reg.rw

RECOMMENDATIONS

➢ The size of 110kV Ntaruka-Mukungwa-Rulindo-Jabana-Birembo-Gasogi-Musha-Kabarondo-Rwinkwavumust be upgraded from ACSR 157/25 to 240/40 to reduce voltage drop.

A second evacuation route for Hakan Peat Power Station to Gisagara is recommended.➢ Since Gisagara Substation will have a dual transformer(220-110/30 i.e 220/30kV or 110/30kV), a new

220/110kV Transformer must be installed before the completion of 110kV Rukarara-Huye-Gisagara➢ 220/110kV Transformers must be installed at Rubavu and Bugesera Substations before upgrading Rwanda

Transmission Network to 220kV➢ A SVC must be installed in 2020 to help stabilize the network from reactive power.➢ All transmission lines must be installed as per these guidelines to ensure efficient power distribution and

reliability for the Rwanda network.

www.reg.rw

Thank You