Disability, Ageing and Advocacy 11 September 2012 John Chesterman Manager, Policy and Education.
Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
Transcript of Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
1/13
pragmatic strategies
1. cultural filtering
2. explicitness change
3. information change
4. interpersonal change5. illocutionary change
6. coherence change
7. partial translation
8. visibility change9. transediting
10. other pragmatic changes
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
2/13
Pragmatic translation problems result from the contrast
between ST situation and the TT communicative situation.
Culture-bound terms, references to place and time, proper
names, addressee specifications are examples of this type.
Pragmatic strategies tend to involve bigger changes from the
ST, and typically incorporate syntactic and/or semantic
changes as well.
If syntactic strategies manipulate form, and semantic
strategies manipulate meaning, pragmatic strategies can besaid to manipulate the message itself. These strategies are
often the result of a translator's global decisions concerning
the appropriate way to translate the text as a whole.
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
3/13
The decision on the most appropriate translation strategy in
the case of the pragmatic translation problems depends on
the purpose of the TT
Is a documentary or an instrumental translationnecessary?
Is the text to convey an "exotic" flavour of the
source culture?
the knowledge of the addressees
Are the addressees familiar with the source culture
or not?
situational aspectsWhen and where will the TT be used?
Will the addressees receive the TT in the target culture
or in the source culture?
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
4/13
cultural filtering
naturalization, domestication or adaptation
it describes the way in which SL items, particularly culture-
specific items, are translated as TL cultural or functional
equivalents, so that they conform to TL norms.
exoticization, foreignization or estrangement
the opposite procedure, whereby such items are not
adapted in this way but e.g. borrowed or transferreddirectly
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
5/13
explicitness change
explicitation or implicitation
explicitation is one of the most common translatorial
strategiestranslators add components explicitly in the TT which are
only implicit in the ST
implicitationbearing in mind what the readers can be reasonably
expected to infer, the translator leaves some elements of
the message implicit.
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
6/13
information change
the addition of new (non-inferrable) information which is
deemed to be relevant to the TT readership but which is
not present in the ST, or the omission of ST information
deemed to be irrelevant (this latter might involvesummarizing, for instance).
Omission is the opposite process. Omitted information in
this sense cannot be subsequently inferred: it is this thatdistinguishes this strategy from that of implicitation.
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
7/13
interpersonal change
This strategy operates at the level of the overall style: it
alters the formality level, the degree of emotiveness and
involvement, the level of technical lexis and the like:
anything that involves a change in the relationship between
text/author and reader.
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
8/13
illocutionary change
changes of speech act
these changes often include obligatory changes at other
levels, such as the mood of the verb
the use of rhetorical questions and exclamations in text (toproduce a more dialogic text)
there can also be changes within particular classes of
speech acts. For example, within the class of acts known as
representatives (such as stating, telling, reporting), atranslator may choose to shift from direct to indirect
speech.
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
9/13
coherence change
cohesion change - formal markers of textual cohesion
coherence change - logical arrangement of information in
the text, at the ideational level
rearranging, combining or splitting paragraphs or larger
sections of a text
relocation or dislocation
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
10/13
partial translation
any kind of non-integral translation
summary translation, transcription, translation of the
sounds only
symbolist translations of literary texts
My heart leaps up when I behold
A rainbow in the sky (Wordsworth)
Mai hart lieb zapfen eibe hold
er reen bohr in sees kai (Jandl)
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
11/13
visibility change
a change in the status of the authorial presence
overt intrusion or foregrounding of the translatorial
presence
translator's footnotes
bracketed comments (such as explanation of puns)
added glosses
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
12/13
transediting
radical re-editing that translators have to do on badly
written original texts
drastic re-orderingrewriting
-
8/13/2019 Translation Strategies Pragmatic Chesterman
13/13
other pragmatic changes
changes in the layout
choice of dialect