TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF COMPLEX SENTENCES

IN SHORT STORY

BY KATE CHOPIN FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN

Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor

Degree of Education in English Department

By :

SHANINDITA FITRIYANA

A 320 150 046

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION

SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATIONS

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2019

i

APPROVAL

TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF COMPLEX SENTENCES

IN SHORT STORY

BY KATE CHOPIN FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN

PUBLICATION ARTICLE

By:

SHANINDITA FITRIYANA

A320150046

Has been examined and approved for testing by:

Supervisor

Dr. Dwi Haryanti, M.Hum

NIDN: 0629026001

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iii

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TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF COMPLEX SENTENCES IN SHORT STORY

BY KATE CHOPIN FROM ENGLISH INTO INDONESIAN

Abstrak

Prosedur penerjemahan menjadi sangat penting dalam menerjemahkan teks. Ada beberapa proses dan prosedur yang harus diketahui oleh seorang penerjemah sebelum menerjemahkan teks ke dalam bahasa target. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan jenis kalimat kompleks yang ditemukan dalam cerita pendek The Story of a Hour, Regret, dan The Strom oleh Kate Chopin dan mengidentifikasi prosedur penerjemahan yang diterapkan dalam cerita pendek tersebut. Makalah ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dan data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode komparatif antara bahasa sumber dan bahasa target dan analisis konten. Data dianalisis dengan menerapkan teori Newmark dan Alice. Berdasarkan temuan, ada 61 kalimat kompleks dari 235 kalimat. 61 kalimat terbagi menjadi 27 (44%) kalimat kompleks dengan kata klausa sifat, 2 (3%) kalimat kompleks dengan kata keterangan hasil, 8 (13,11%) kalimat kompleks dengan kata keterangan waktu, 3 (5%) kalimat kompleks dengan kata keterangan tempat, 3 (4,92%) kalimat kompleks dengan adverbia syarat, 1 (2%) kalimat kompleks dengan adverbia kontras, 1 (2%) kalimat kompleks dengan adverbia perbandingan, 1 (2%) kalimat kompleks dengan adverbia alasan, 5 (8%) kalimat kompleks dengan noun clause sebagai subjek, dan 10 (16%) kalimat kompleks dengan klausa kata benda sebagai objek. Temuan kedua menunjukkan bahwa ada 9 jenis prosedur penerjemahan. Yaitu modulation, reduction and expansion, compensation, addition, adaptation, couplets, through translation, transposition, and componential analysis. Prosedur didasarkan pada semua kalimat yang ditemukan dalam cerita pendek tersebut. Kata kunci: prosedur penerjemahan, kalimat kompleks, cerita pendek

Abstract

Translation procedures are being crucial in translating text. There are several process and procedures that a translator must know before translating text into the target language. The aims of this research is to classify the types of complex sentences found in short story The Story of an

Hour, Regret, and The Strom by Kate Chopin and identify the translation procedures applied in these short story. This paper uses descriptive qualitative research and the data were collected using comparative method between source language and target language and content analysis. The data were analyzed by applying Newmark and Alice theories. Based on the findings there were 61 complex sentences from 235 sentences. The 61 sentences were divided into 27 (44%) sentences are complex sentences with adjective clause, 2 (3%) sentences are complex sentences with adverb of result, 8 (13,11%) sentences are complex sentences with adverb of time, 3 (5%) sentences are complex sentences with adverb of place, 3 (4,92%) sentences are complex sentences with adverb of condition, 1 (2%) sentence is complex sentence with adverb of contrast, 1 (2%) sentence is complex sentence with adverb of comparison, 1 (2%) sentence is complex sentence with adverb of reason, 5 (8%) sentences is complex sentences with noun clause as subject, and 10 (10%) sentences is complex sentence with noun clause as object. Second finding shows that there were 9 types of translation procedures. They were modulation, reduction and

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expansion, compensation, addition, adaptation, couplets, through translation, transposition, and componential analysis. The procedures were based on all sentences found in short stories. Keywords: translation procedures, complex sentences, short story 1. INTRODUCTION

Translation procedure is a method of translation used by translators to translate source language

texts into the target language. In translating a text of course not all words can be directly

translated into the same word. Sometimes the translator must choose the right words and

according to the rules in the correct target language. In this case it is Indonesian. In translating

text, of course the translator must to pay attention to the elements of culture, religion, and other

aspects so that the reader's understanding is not wrong and the result of the translation is not

ambiguous. Sutopo (2015:16) argues that basically the translation diverts the message from

source language into the target language. However the transfer of this message is not easy to do

because when translating text from the source language into the target language, the translator

must pay attention to aspects in communicating. In the process of translation Sutopo (2015:19)

also explained that the translation process was a layered process. When translating, a translator

must think of the same thing in two different languages. A translator must be able to correctly

capture the message in the source language, while the translator must also spend the same time

pouring the message in the target language correctly. Thus, the translation process can run

concurrently between the stages, so the translator is able to make good translation work.

Based on Vinay-Dalbernet’s (1985) taxonomy of translation procedures used to deal with

incompatibilities between source language and target language structures distinguished two

major methods of translation namely direct and indirect translation. A direct translation includes

borrowing, calque, and literal translation. Indirect translation includes transposition, modulation,

equivalence, and adaptation. Another explanation about translation procedures also explained by

Newmark (1988) that before conducting the translation process, the translator must know about

the procedures in translating text, such as transliteration, naturalization, cultural equivalent,

functional equivalent, descriptive equivalent, componential analysis, synonymy, through

translation, transposition, modulation, recognize translation, translation label, compensation,

paraphrase, couplets, adaptation, reduction and expansion, and additions.

In the theory from Vinay-Dalbernet and Newmark there are almost the same explanation

but, the researcher takes the theory from Newmark (1988) for analyzing the translation

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procedures because the explanation of the types of procedures is more detailed and is not

classified again.

This research is different from previous research, because in this study the author only

identified the translation procedures used in interpreting the short story. Previous research that

proposed by Lathifah (2016) explained the percentage and compared methods in the source

language with the target language then analyzed them.

Besides translation, in this research, the researcher focuses on the types of complex

sentences found in the short story. Complex sentences are sentences that contain elements of

cause and effect. Both English and Indonesian, complex sentences are same to states about

causal relations. Complex sentences can be easily recognized because they have conjunctions

namely when, since, if, only if, because, before, and etc. Complex sentences are a combination of

2 whole sentences that can be put together using these conjunctions so that the sentence has a

causal relationship. In English and Indonesian, complex sentence has the same types of pattern

that is S+V+sub-ordinate conjunction+S+V. Frank (1972) states that complex sentence

consisting of two clauses or more subject and predicate. Complex sentence is a sentence

consisting of one independent clause or single sentence and one or more dependent clauses.

Based on Frank (1972) dependent clause is also called fragment or sentence that is incomplete

and cannot stand alone. Dependent clause is usually preceded by a subordinating conjunction

which also functions to combine the independent clause and dependent clause. The pattern is

S+V+subordinate conjunction+S+V.

A brief explanation of complex sentences was also expressed by Alice (2007). Alice

(2007) mentions that complex sentence is a combination of one independent clause and one (or

more) dependent clauses. Complex sentence has three main clauses there are adjective clause,

adverb clause, and noun clause. Besides the three main clause, complex sentences has 9 sub main

clauses of adverb clause namely, adverb clause of time, place, contrast, condition, result, reason,

concession, comparison, and manner. Noun clause also has 4 sub main clauses namely, noun

clause as object, noun clause as subject, noun clause as complement, and noun clause as

preposition’s object. After knowing the notion of complex sentences explained by the figures,

the author takes the theory from Alice (2007) as a reference for identifying the types of clauses

in the short story. The reason for choosing this theory is the number of examples given with brief

explanations that are easy to understand.

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The difference between this research and previous research is that in this study the

authors focus on clause types in complex sentences found in short stories. Whereas the previous

studies by Khodijah (2015) focused on complex sentence types and changes their translation in

the target language which became different types of sentences. For example in the source

language there was a complex sentence then translated into simple sentence.

The data in this research was short stories that the researcher gets from

https://americanliterature.com. Short story is literary works in the form of narrative prose in

which short stories are told with no more than 10,000 words. Short stories are works of fiction

that can be enjoyed only in one time and in which there have been conflicts and the resolutions.

Because of short stories can be enjoyed only at one time, so many people enthusiasts. This makes

many writers who create good short stories to be enjoyed by many people. The same thing as a

short story writer and novelist from America, Kate Chopin who was born on February 8, 1850

who created various famous short stories including The Story of an Hour, Regret, and The

Storm. These three short stories are the most popular short stories that she ever made. The reason

of selecting this short story because there are many complex sentences and then classified the

types of the clauses.

After several explanations above the purpose of the author to make this research is to

identify the types of clauses of complex sentences in the short story and identify translation

procedures that the translator used to translate the short story. Because, when the readers read the

short stories, they usually don’t care about the structure; they don’t know the translation

procedures used by the translator in transferring source language into target language. Having

such problem, the researcher thinks that it is necessary to study the classification of sentence and

to explain the translation procedures used in the short stories.

To make this research the author uses several theories as references. The first is the

theory of Alice (2007) about complex sentences that the author uses to identify the types of

clauses in complex sentences. To identify the translation procedure the author uses a theory from

Newmark (1988) which explains that there are 18 translation procedures that must be known

such as, transliteration, naturalization, cultural equivalent, functional equivalent, descriptive

equivalent, componential analysis, synonymy, through translation, transposition, modulation,

recognize translation, translation label, compensation, paraphrase, couplets, adaptation, reduction

and expansion, and additions.

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2. METHOD

In doing this research, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative research, in order to classify the

data of this research. The data sources in this research are three short stories by Kate Chopin.

The data are in the forms of English sentences and their translation into Indonesian. The

technique of collecting data was collected using comparative method between source language

and target language and content analysis. The procedures are (1) Reading the short story of “The

Story of an Hour”, “Regret”, and “The Storm” to get the data; (2) Giving a sign on the sentence

that contain complex sentence in the short story “The Story of an Hour”, “Regret”, and “The

Storm” and matches with its Indonesian translation;(3) classifying the sentences based on

the types of complex sentences; (4) Identifying the translation procedure of the short story; (5)

concluding the data. The data that has been obtained is based on the theory that the researcher

used namely the theory of translation procedures from Newmark (1988) and complex sentence

type theory from Alice (2007).

3. FINDING AND DISCUSSION

After analyzing the data, the researcher gets 235 data which consist of 61 data of complex

sentences and 9 types of translation procedures from the short story The Story of an Hour,

Regret, and The Storm. The first step was analyzing and classifying into the classification on

types of clause of complex sentences. Second step was analyzed each type of sentences based on

the translation procedures used by the translator in transferring the source language. The findings

are elaborated below:

3.1 Types of Clause of Complex Sentence found in Short Story The Story of an Hour,

Regret, and The Storm.

Complex Sentence with Adjective Clause

In this research, the writer finds 27 data of complex sentence with adjective clause and in the

target language translated also in complex sentence.

001/TSH/line1

SL: Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to

break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.

TL: Karena nyonya Mallard menderita penyakit jantung, maka kehati-hatian sangat

duperlukan untuk memberitahu kabar kematian suaminya.

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The English sentence uses sub-ordinate conjunction that, which indicates that it is a

complex sentence. In the sentence also has an independent clause and a dependent clause that

become the character of complex sentence. The dependent clause shows “knowing that Mrs.

Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble” and the independent clause shows “great care

was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death”. It

becomes a complex sentence with adjective clause because they modify nouns and pronouns

and begin with the word that. In the sentence above there is a complex sentence pattern

namely S + V and shows interconnected sentences or cause and effect. In the target language,

Indonesian is also interpreted as a complex sentence because it contains elements of

dependent and independent clauses. In the source language there are related words as

sentences that show a causal relationship. Sentence knowing that mrs. Mallard was afflicted

with a heart trouble showing the reason or reason why caution needs to be taken when telling

the news of her husband's death.

Complex Sentence with Adverb of Time

There are 8 data in this research that contain complex sentence with adverb of time. In this

sentence both SL and TL are translated into complex sentence.

004/TSH/line4-6

SL: It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligent of the rail road disaster

was received.

TL: Dialah yang sedari tadi berada dikantor surat kabar ketika dia mendengar bahwa kereta

yang ditmpangi temannya mengalami kecelakaan.

That sentence above is indicated as complex sentence because there is a sub-ordinate

conjunction when. It can be seen from the pattern of complex sentences SL shows dependent

clause in the word when intelligence of the rail road disaster was received. In other hand

independent clause shows in the word it was he who had been in the newspaper office. The

adverb of time is showed by the sentence when intelligence of the rail road disaster was

received. The sentence patterns in the English language above show complex sentences

because there is a subordinate conjunction that is "when" and it is translated into “ketika”

and shows interrelated sentences.

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Complex Sentence with Adverb of Place

The researcher finds 3 data with include on complex sentence with adverb of place. In this

datum both SL and TL are translated into complex sentence.

008/TSH/line11

SL: When the storm of grief had spent itself, she went away to her room again.

TL: Ketika badai kesedihan dalam dirinya reda, dia beranjak pergi ke kamarnya.

The English sentence uses sub-ordinate conjunction when and it indicates complex

sentence and it shows the relation of cause and effect. Independent clause shows she went

away to her room again, and the dependent clause shows when the storm of grief had

spent itself. The adverb of place is showed by the sentence “she went away to her room

again” it means that the place to her to accept the situation. The complex sentence pattern

above, there is an S + V pattern after the conjunction and shows interconnected sentences or

cause and effect. In the target language it is also interpreted as a complex sentence because it

contains an element of cause and effect which shows that "after his sadness begins to

disappear he goes to her room". In the target language before the word “her room again”

there is a sentence “she went away” so it is can be categorize as a complex sentence with

adverb of place.

Complex Sentence with Adverb of Result

There are 2 sentences in these data which include of complex sentence with adverb of result.

090/RGT/line45

SL: It is what my mum all the time do when he is bad; she tie him in a chair.

TL: Itu yang biasa ibuku lakukan saat dia sedang nakal; dia mengikatnya di kursi.

In the sentence above both in the SL and TL there are complex sentences. It can be

seen from the pattern of complex sentences with the sub-ordinate conjunction when and the

SL shows dependent clause in the word when he is bad; she tie him in a chair. In other

hand independent clause shows in the word it is what my mum all the time do. In the

context of the sentence above, it shows the adverb of result because there is a causal

relationship in the sentence, that is, mother will tie him if he is naughty. The sentence

patterns in the sentence, shows complex sentences because there is a subordinate conjunction

that is "when" and it is translated into “saat” and shows interrelated sentences.

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Complex Sentence with Adverb of Comparison

This research also has 1 complex sentence with adverb of comparison. In this

sentence both SL and TL are translated into complex sentence.

093/RGT/line49

SL: And it made Marcline and Marclette laugh merrily the idea that mamzelle Aurlie should for a moment have believed that Ti Nomme could fall asleep without being told the story of Croque-mitaine or Loup-garou, or both; or that lodie could fall asleep at all without being rocked and sung to.

TL: Dan itu membuat Marcline dan Marclette tertawa riang, mencari ide dimana Mamzelle

Aurlie harus meluangkan waktu sejenak untuk yakin bahwa Ti Nomme bisa tertidur

tanpa harus diceritai dongen Croue-mitaine atau Loup-garou, atau keduanya; atau

lodie yang bisa tidur tanpa di ayun-ayunkan atau di ninabobo kan sama sekali.

In the sentence above we can see the sub-ordinate conjunction that and it has two

dependent clauses and one independent clause. The independent clause in SL are “that Ti

Nomme could fall asleep without being told the story of Croque-mitaine or Loup-garou,

or both” and “that lodie could fall asleep at all without being rocked and sung to”. The

dependent clauses showed in the sentence “And it made Marcline and Marclette laugh

merrily the idea thet mamzelle Aurlie should for a moment have believed”. The

comparison in the sentence is that Ti Nomme could fall asleep without being told a story and

Lodie could fall asleep at all without being rocked and sung to. The complex sentence in the

target language shows that the word “that” translated into “yang” that becomes a conjunction

to connect the two sentences.

Complex Sentence with Adverb of Condition

There are 3 sentences of complex sentence with adverb of condition.

075/RGT/line21

SL: They said, I wouldn’t both of you with them if it was any other way to do! Make them

mine you, Mamzelle Aurlie; don’t spare them

TL: Mereka bilang, aku tidak akan membawa mereka kepadamu jika ada cara lain yang bisa

aku lakukan! Tolong bantu aku Mamzelle Aurlie, jangan pisahkan mereka satu sama

lain

In the sentence above both in the SL and TL there are complex sentences. From SL

shows dependent clause in the word if it was any other way to do!. In other hand

independent clause shows in the word it is what my mum all The adverb of condition is

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showed by the sentence if it was any other way to do!. In the context of the sentence above,

it shows the adverb of condition because the man would not ask for Mamzelle Aurlie's help

to look after her children if there were other ways to look after her child while he was away.

The sentence patterns in the English or Indonesian language above show complex sentences

because there is a subordinate conjunction that is "if" and it is translated into “jika” and

shows interrelated sentences.

Complex Sentence with Adverb of Contrast

In this research there is only 1 of complex sentence. 085/RGT/line38

SL: But little children are not little pigs; they require and demand attentions which were

wholly unexpected by Mamzelle Aurlie, and which she was ill prepared to give

TL: Namun, anak-anak ini bukanlah babi-babi kecil, mereka membutuhkan dan meminta

perhatian yang tidak sepenuhnya diharapkan oleh Mamzelle Aurlie, dan dia tidak siap

dengan itu

There are sub-ordinate conjunction which and it incdicates as a complex sentence.

In the sentence above it can be seen that translation in the target language is a

compound complex sentence because there are conjunctions "and" and also "which" and

show contrasting sentences from both the source language and the target language. The

contrasting sentence that was addressed the child who actually needs the attention and

affection of a Mamzelle Aurlie but Mamzelle Aurlie was also not ready to give her love to a

child. It can be seen from the pattern of complex sentences SL shows dependent clause in

the word which she was ill prepared to give. In other hand independent clause shows in the

word But little children are not little pigs; they require and demand attentions which

were wholly unexpected by Mamzelle Aurlie.

Complex Sentence with Adverb of Reason

This research only has 1 complex sentence with adverb of reason. This sentence both SL and

TL are translated into complex sentence.

148/TS/line20

SL: She had not seen him very often since her marriage, and never alone.

TL: Dia jarang sekali melihatnya semenjak pernikahannya, dan tak pernah melihatnya

sendirian.

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The sentences from the source language and target language are all complex

sentences with the conjunction "since". The sentence pattern is also a complex sentence with

S + V + subordinate conjunction + S + V pattern shown in the sentence of independent clause

“She had not seen him very often” and in the sentence that shows the dependent clause

“since her marriage, and never alone”. The sentence can be said as adverb of reason because

the sentence shows the reason that “he had never seen him since his marriage”. The

subordinate conjunction "since" in Indonesian means the same as "semenjak".

Complex Sentence with Noun Clause as Subject

In this research there are 5 sentences of complex sentence with noun clause as subject.

004/TSH/line4-6

SL: It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster

was received

TL: Dialah yang sedari tadi berada di kantor surat kabar ketika kereta yang ditumpangi

temannya mengalami kecelakaan

From the sentence above we can see that both SL and TL are complex sentences. In

the TL there is only independent clause that is ketika kereta yang ditumpangi temannya

mengalami kecelakaan. It becomes a noun clause as subject because the subject in the

sentence are explained with the noun clause which contains question word “who”. The word

"who" is actually a person pronoun, but in the target language it is used as a conjunctive

pronoun that unites the sentence which is same as "that" in Indonesian “yang”

Complex Sentence with Noun Clause as Object

In this research there are 10 sentences of complex sentence with noun clause as

object. In this sentence both SL and TL are translated into complex sentence.

034/TSH/line40

SL: She knew that she would wept again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death

TL: Dia sadar bahwa dia akan menangis lagi ketika melihat tangan suaminya terlipat dalam

kematian

In the sentence above both SL and TL are complex sentence because there are sub-ordinate

conjunction when. Independent clause showed she knew that she would weep again, and the

dependent clause showed when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death. It is become a

noun clause as object because there is a question word “when” before the word noun “she”, and

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it becomes a noun clause as object because the sentence “when she saw the kind, tender hands

folded in death” is an object of the sentence. The target language of the sentence is also a

complex sentence because it shows a causal relationship.

3.2 Translation Procedure

In this research the researcher gets 9 types of translation procedures that the translator used while

translating these short stories namely, transposition, modulation, through translation,

componential analysis, addition, adaptation, reduction and expansion, couplet, and

compensation.

Transposition

In this sentence the translator replaces two clauses which state caution by only

translating into one clause.

001/TSH/line1

SL: Knowing that Mr. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to

break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death TL: Karena nyonya Mallard menderita penyakit jantung, maka adiknya, Josephine

memberitahukan kabar kematian suami kakanya itu dengan sangat hati-hati.

The translator are refers the grammatical in source language into the target language to

get the same purpose. In the source language the word “great care was taken to break to her”

only translated into “dengan sangat hati-hati”.

Modulation

Modulation gives the same meaning and still conveys the same message but there are

some sentences that are replaced for the same perspective.

004/TSH/line4-6

SL: It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligent of the rail road disaster was received.

TL: Dialah yang sedari tadi berada dikantor surat kabar ketika dia mendengar berita bahwa

kereta yang ditumpangi temannya mengalami kecelakaan.

From the data above, the translator used modulation procedure because the word “was

received” which in Indonesian is translated as “telah tiba” but in this case the word “was

received” translated as “kereta yang ditumpangi temannya mengalami kecelakaan”.

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Through Translation

This procedure is translating text in general in the context of words or sentences.

008/TSH/line11

SL: When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. TL: Ketika badai kesedihan dalam dirinya reda, dia beranjak ke kamarnya.

In that sentence the source language text and target language are interpreted as whole

and do not cause effect that are different from the source language.

Componential Analysis

This procedure is comparing the word from SL to TL to the same words but not as

detail as the source language.

042/TSH/line48

SL: What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being! TL: Toh apa bedanya? Cinta sama sekali tidak dapat melakukan apapun untuk menahan

sifat penonjolan diri yang merupakan sifat terbesar yang mendominasi dirinya.

In the sentence above the source language or target language has almost the same

meaning, although not as detailed as the whole. The meaning of text in the target language

does not cause differences in the meaning of sentences and can still be understood.

Addition

This translation procedure that provides additional information from previous

sentences or additions to words that are not common in the target language.

050/TSH/line58

SL: She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. TL: Dia memanjatkan doa singkat berharap hidupnya akan lama, agar dia dapat menikmati

semua hari bahagia itu.

It can be seen in the target language there is additional information, namely "agar dia

dapat menikmati semua hari bahagia itu" even though there are no words or sentences in the

source language. But in other contexts, sentences in source languages are interpreted in

general and words so as not to reduce the meaning of sentences from the source language.

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Adaptation

Adaptation is changing some context of the sentence from SL to the TL to get the

appropriate sentence.

002/TSH/line2

SL: It was her sister Josephine who told her, in a broken sentence; veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.

TL: Kabar tersebut tidak dikatakannya secara langsung, namun dengan kalimat-kalimat

yang mengandung penuh petunjuk.

In translating the sentence above the translator used the procedures of adaptation. In

the sentence above there is a clause that is interpreted differently by the translator to make

the sentence of the source language easier to understand. It is seen in the sentence “it was her

sister Josephine who told her” which is interpreted “kabar tersebut tidak dikatakannya”. In

adaptation sometimes the translator changes the context of the sentence from the source

language into the target language to get the appropriate sentence.

Reduction and Expansion

Reduction and expansion is usually used in poor written text and lead to a changed in

lexical aspect.

006/TSH/line9

SL: She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.

TL: Setelah Josephine selesai berbicara, nyonya Mallard hanya berdiri mematung seolah

tidak mengerti dengan kalimat-kalimat yang diucapkan oleh adiknya.

In the sentence above there is no continuity between the source language and the target

language. Reduction and expansion is a translation procedure that changes sentences in

lexical and different styles. This is done by the translator so that the reader can understand

and feel the situation in the story and to have a relationship with the previous story so that the

story is easy to understand.

Couplet

This procedures is used when the translator combine two different translation

techniques.

067/RGT/line7

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SL: She was quite alone in the world, except for her dog Ponto, and the negroes who lived in her cabins and worked her crops, and the fowls, a few cows, a couple of mules, her gun( with which she shot chicken-hawks) and her religion.

TL: Jadi, dia benar-benar sendirian di dunia ini, kecuali bersama anjingnya Ponto, dan

budak-budak kulit hitam yang tinggal di kabinnya dan mengerjakan lahan pertaniannya,

serta unggas, beberapa ekor sapi, sepasang bagal, senjatanya (yang ia gunakan untuk

menembak elang), dan agamanya.

In this sentence the translator used two translation techniques that is addition and

componential analysis. The addition word shows in the target language, the word “Jadi” that

does not exist in the source language. This is done by the translator to make the sentence

easier for the reader without reducing the meaning of the actual sentence.

Compensation

This procedure is reducing one part of the sentence and sometimes replacing on the

other part.

023/TSH/line28

SL: What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. TL: Dia tidak begitu mengerti apa yang sedang dirasakannya. Perasaan itu begitu halus dan

sulit dijelaskan.

In this sentence the translator used the method of compensation. The translator reduces

the meaning in the one part of the sentence. In the sentence of source language there are

words that are not interpreted into the target language. The interrogative sentence “what was

it?” did not translated into the target language.

4. CONCLUSION

After making an analysis of the types of complex sentence and the translation procedures on

short story The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and that have been translated into Bahasa

Indonesia. The researcher concludes some types of clause complex sentence and its translation

and the translation procedure applied in the short story. There are 235 data in this research

consisting of 61 data of type of clause complex sentence and 233 data of translation procedures,

and 2 data were not translated into the target language. From the 61 data of types of clause

complex sentence consist of 27 sentences are complex sentences with adjective clause, 2

sentences are complex sentences with adverb of result, 8 sentences are complex sentences with

15

adverb of time, 3 sentences are complex sentences with adverb of place, 3 sentences are complex

sentence with adverb of condition, 1 sentence is complex sentence with adverb of contrast, 1

sentence is complex sentence with adverb of comparison, 1 sentence is complex sentence with

adverb of reason, 5 sentences is complex sentences with noun clause as subject, and 10 sentences

is complex sentence with noun clause as object.

The translation procedures there are 2 sentences that are not translated into the target

language. So that from 235sentences only 233 sentences can be investigated. There are 9 types of

translation procedures out of the 18 types revealed by Newmark (1988). The 9 types are divided

into 94 sentences with through translation, 1 sentence translated with modulation, 4 sentences are

translated with reduction and expansion, 5 sentences are translated with compensation, 33

sentences are translated with addition, 1 sentence adaptation, 1 sentence couplet, 27 sentences

are translated with transposition, 66 sentences are translated with componential analysis.

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