Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA →...
Transcript of Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA →...
![Page 1: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Translation
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 2: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Happens after transcriptionmRNA → proteinAlso has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 3: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Codons
Uses codons - sequences of DNA or RNA nucleotides that correspond with a specific amino acid
Example: ATT codes for the amino acid isoleucine
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 4: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 5: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
tRNA
tRNA (transfer RNA) are free floating, single stranded amino acids
have a cloverleaf shape
acceptor stem
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 6: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
tRNA
have a unique anti-codon, inversely reacts to each codon on mRNA
acceptor stem
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 7: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
tRNA
acceptor stem: contains the amino acid that corresponds with the codon on mRNA
acceptor stem
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 8: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
tRNA
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase: enzyme that places the correct amino acid to the proper tRNA molecule
acceptor stem
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 9: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
tRNA
each tRNA carries only one anticodon and one amino acid
acceptor stem
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 10: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Initiation
The building of proteins, happens at the ribosome
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 11: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Initiation
Starts with the ‘start codon’ AUG, codes for methionine
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 12: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
InitiationInitiation factors assemble the:
small ribosomal sub-unit
mRNA
initiator tRNA
large ribosomal sub-unit
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 13: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Initiation
Ribosomes have three sites that tRNA binds to
the acceptor (A) site
the peptide (P) site
the exit (E) site
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 14: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Initiation
the P site contains the tRNA molecule attached to the growing polypeptide chain
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 15: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Initiation
the A site contains the tRNA that is carrying the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain growing in the P site
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 16: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Initiation
the E site is where the uncharged tRNA (no amino acid attached) is ejected from the ribosome
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 17: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Initiation
the initiator tRNA binds to the P site
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 18: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Elongation
Initiator tRNA is at the P site
the next codon on the mRNA is at the A site
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 19: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Elongation
the tRNA with the complementary anticodon will also occupy the A site (bonding through base pairs on the tRNA and mRNA)
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 20: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Elongationthe amino acid on the other end of the tRNA will be bonded amino acid attached to tRNA codon using a peptide bond.
The resulting peptide is now attached to the tRNA molecule present at the A site
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 21: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Elongation
the mRNA will move along by one codon shifting the dipeptide from the A site to the P site
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 22: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Elongation
the tRNA that carried the free amino acid is now uncharged and located at the E site. It will exit from the ribosome and go bind to another amino acid.
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 23: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Elongation
the A site is now open and ready to accept the next tRNA that is complementary to the codon on the mRNA
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 24: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Terminationthe polypeptide is released when a stop codon enters the A site.
Sunday, November 19, 17
![Page 25: Translation - Ms. kropacTranslation Sunday, November 19, 17 Happens after transcription mRNA → protein Also has an initiation, elongation, and termination phase Sunday, November](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042205/5ea6910078ac4f3f3213c8fe/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Terminationa release factor cleaves the polypeptide from the last tRNA
Sunday, November 19, 17