Transition to 6-person crew

ASE conference, PrahaOct 8, 2009

Andreas Schön, ESA

All dates used in this presentation are examples only, they do not necessarily represent the mostup to date ISS planning!

What changes ?• Onboard resources needs• Onboard crew support

infrastructure• Number of crew transportation and

ISS re-supply vehicles needed• Onboard operations• Ground operations • Crew training concept

Onboard resource needs• Crew re-supply:

- food- water- crew support items- Oxygen / Nitrogen

1 USOS crew / day 1 ROS crew / day 6-person crew/ months

Food + crew supply

3.35 kg 4.00 kg 661.5 kg

Water (partially recovered)

4.35 l 4.35 l 783 l

• Resources for system operations and utilization:- water- High pressure gas for P/L and EVA

Onboard crew support infrastructure

• Electrical power generation• Environmental control and life support system

including:- Oxygen generation- Water recovery and recycling

• Sleeping compartment• Hygiene• Physical exercise devices

Crew transportation & re-supply vehicles

• Four Soyuz spacecrafts per year- from exp 22 onwards crew exchange exclusively with Soyuz

• Mixed fleet of re-supply vehicles (Progress, Shuttle (until 2010), HTV, ATV, new US cargo vehicles)

• Soyuz, Progress and ATV docking to the ROS:- currently three Russian docking ports available- four Russian docking ports from end of 2009 onwards

• Station re-boost & DAM capability• After shuttle retirement the download capacity will be

extremely limited -> change in the ISS maintenance concept

Onboard operations concept change

• Transfer to segmented operations:- lessons learned from early ISS operations- size and complexity of the station- limit overall time crew will spend in training

• Every crewmember will be at least “User” for all ISS systems

• Every crewmember will be trained as “Operator” for emergency response

• Protect for return to 3-person crew:- critical skill set with each Soyuz crew (SSRMS, CMO, vehicle docking)

• EVA capabilities- cross-training under discussion

• Crew H/O may be performed as direct or in-direct H/O

Direct versus in-direct handover

Exp 31 Exp 33

Exp 32

Exp 31 Exp 33

Exp 32

a) Direct Handover

b) In-direct Handover

• leaving and arriving crews overlap on-board for ~ 10 days• 3 Soyuz docked to ISS, 9 crewmembers onboard during H/O• Full skill set available on ISS

• Leaving crew will depart from ISS before new crew has arrived• For a period of ~ 2 – 3 weeks a three person crew will be onboard ISS• During three person period a reduced skill set will be available onboard

Crew training concept

• Adaptation to segmented ops• Change to a new b/u concept to:

- reduce overall number of astronauts and cosmonauts in training, since the training facilities and teams can not support a doubling of the number of trainee’s- reduce the time each individual crewmember has to spent in training

“Classical b/u concept” versus SFTL (I)

Exp 31

Exp 31 b/u

a) Classical b/u concept

Continue training for prime crew or collateral duties

• every prime crewmember has a 1:1 b/u which goes through the training together with the prime• every crewmember has to go over the training flow twice; once as a b/u and a second time as a prime (overall training duration: ~ 4.5 years)• b/u and prime assignment may be years apart• an b/u assignment does not necessarily lead to a prime assignment

Exp 31 b/u launches

Continue training for later inc or ……

“Classical b/u concept” versus SFTL (II)

Exp 31

Exp 33

b) SFTL = Single-flow-to-launch conceptExp 33 launches as accelerated crew in place of exp 31

• individual 1:1 b/u’s don’t exist anymore• each Soyuz crew is backed up by another Soyuz crew, which is nominally scheduled to launch six months later• A crews b/u A crews & B crews b/u B crews• every crewmember has to go over the SFTL training flow only once (training duration less than 2.5 years)• an assignment to training will nominally lead to launch to ISS

Remarks:• Both concepts allow the swap-out of individual crewmembers as well as whole crews.• The ISS training is currently in transition to SFTL. This process has been nearly finished for the USOS crewmembers, but is still ongoing for the Russian crewmembers.

6 months = one inc

SFTL Training flows

Exp 26assignment

Exp 24launch

Exp 26launch

~ 2 year period 6 months period On-orbit H/O

Exp 26 launches inplace of exp 24

~ 2 year period On-orbit H/O

Exp 26assignment

a) Nominal SFTL flow

b) Accelerated launch SFTL flow

Nominal SFTL flow - contentExp 26

assignmentExp 24launch

Exp 26launch

~ 2 year period 6 months period On-orbit H/O

Critical generic task:• Soyuz training• ISS core systems User & Operator tasks• ISS Emergency tasks• ORLAN & EMU EVA • SSRMS• Language (thru intermediate high)

Exp 24 inc spec content required for exp 26(i.e. exp 24 inc spec high value tasks):• Exp 24 P/Ls• inc spec EVA task• HTV & HTV robo• US re-supply vehicles (Sp-X, Dragon)• ATV• subset of launch prep activities

Additional generic task:• Generic P/L training• ISS core systems Specialist tasks• Language (thru intermediate high+)

Exp 26 inc spec content:• Exp 26 P/Ls• inc spec EVA task• robo

1st

PRIORITY

Proficiency & refresher:• EVA maintenance run• robo proficiency• EMER proficiency• Soyuz proficiency • Visiting vehicles prof.• System refresher

Exp 26 inc spec tasks:• Late P/Ls• Late EVAs• BDC

Launch prep activities:• PAO events• BDC• Mission briefings• Baikonur process

Generic H/OFunctional H/OOJTNormal OBTs:• robo prof.• EMER drills• R&D

Accelerated Launch SFTL flow - contentExp 26

assignment

~ 2 year period On-orbit H/O

Critical generic task:• Soyuz training• ISS core systems User & Operator tasks• ISS Emergency tasks• ORLAN & EMU EVA • SSRMS• Language (thru intermediate high)

Exp 24 inc spec content required for exp 26(i.e. exp 24 inc spec high value tasks):• Exp 24 P/Ls• inc spec EVA task• HTV & HTV robo• US re-supply vehicles (Sp-X, Dragon)• ATV• subset of launch prep activities

Launch prep activities:• PAO events• BDC• Mission briefings• Baikonur process

Additional generic task:• Generic P/L training• ISS core systems Specialist tasks• Language (thru intermediate high+)

1st

PRIORITY

Generic H/OFunctional H/OOJTNormal OBTs:• robo prof.• EMER drills• R&D

Remediation OBTs

Exp 26 launches inplace of exp 24

First 6-Person crew

Expedition sequencing: crew rotation planJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

2010 20112009

18 Soyuz 20 Soyuz 22 Soyuz 24 Soyuz

Alexander Skvortsov (O) (Exp 24 CDR)Mikhail Kornienko (O)

19 Soyuz 21 Soyuz 23 Soyuz 25 Soyuz

Gennady Padalka (O, E)(Exp 19/20 CDR)Mike Barratt (R, O, E)

Maxim Suraev (R, O)

Jeff Williams (R, E, O)(Exp 22 CDR)

17 Soyuz

Alexander Kaleri (O) 701

Oleg Skripochka (O)

Scott Kelly (R,E)(Exp 26 CDR)

Fedor Yurchikhin (O) Dmitry Kondratyev (O) (Exp 27 CDR)

ESA - Frank DeWinne ( R)(Exp 21 CDR)

JAXA - Soichi Noguchi (R, E) Shannon Walker (R, E) ESA - Paolo Nespoli (E)

Doug Wheelock (R, E)(Exp 25 CDR)

Cady Coleman (R

ISS - 24

ISS - 25

ISS - 26

CSA - Bob Thirsk ( R) T.J. Creamer (R, E)

ISS-19 ISS - 20 ISS - 21 ISS - 22

ISS - 23

Roman Romanenko (O) Oleg Kotov (R*, O)(Exp 23 CDR)

Tracy Caldwell (R, E)

11915A

15 Mar09

125HST

12 May09

1272J/A

11 Jul09

12817A

18 Aug09

129ULF3

12 Nov09

13020A

4 Feb10

13119A

18 Mar10

132ULF4

14 May10

MRM1

133ULF529 Jul

10

134ULF6

16 Sep10Soyuz

A-LineSoyuz CDR

Soyuz FE-1

Soyuz FE-2

Backups:

15A Koichi Wakata (E, R)

2JA Tim Kopra

17A Nicole Stott (E, R)

Soyuz B-Line

Soyuz CDR

Soyuz FE-1

Soyuz FE-2

Backups:

Shuttle FE-2

Backups: Soichi Noguchi (R) TJ Creamer(E, R)

Cady Coleman (R)

Alexander Samokutyayev (O)Andrei Bori s ienko (CDR) (O)Scott Kel ly (R, E)

Maxim Suraev (R, O)Jeff Wi l l iams (CDR) (R, O, E)

Es ther Dyson BU SFP

Alexander Skvortsov (R, O)Shannon Walker (CDR) (R, O, E)

Barbara Barrett BU SFP

Sergei Volkov (O)Sergei Revin (O)Ron Garan (CDR) (R,E)

Anton Shkaplerov (R*, O)Satos hi Furukawa (R)Doug Wheelock (CDR) (R, E)

Dmitry Kondrati ev (O)Andre KuipersChris Hadfi eld (CDR) (R)

Dmitry Kondratyev (O)Paolo Nes pol i (E)Cady Coleman (CDR) (R)

Anatoly Ivanishin (CDR) (O)Satos hi Furukawa (R)Mike Foss um (R, E)

Legend: NASA RSAJAXA ESA

Charles Simonyi Guy La l iberte

Notes:1. Shuttle launch dates based on latest Program Mgr Info2. NASA purchased 1 of the ISS-19 Russian Increment Flight opportunities.3. Plan assumes 2 month interval between Soyuz launches for 6-person crew operations.4. Plan works for direct and indirect Soyuz handovers for 6-person crews.5. R = Robotics R* = Reduced Robotics O = Orlan E = EMU6. Green text denotes Single Flow to Launch (SFTL) training assignments.

SpaceXD2

SpaceXD3

SpaceX SpaceXATV2

HTV1HTV2

OSCCVV Demo

5RMRM2