Transiting Extra-Solar Planets
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Transcript of Transiting Extra-Solar Planets
T. Mazeh: Tsvi Piran Celebration, Dec. 2009, Jerusalem
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Tsevi Mazeh
Dec 2009
School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University
Tsvi Celebration
T. Mazeh: Tsvi Piran Celebration, Dec. 2009, Jerusalem
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•Giant planets far away
•Circular orbits
•Planetary orbits aligned with the Solar spin
In the solar system:
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Planets discovered by RVClose-in giant
planets•Giant planets far away
•Circular orbits
•Orbits aligned with Solar spin
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HD80606(Naef et al. 2001)e=0.93P=112 daysmsini=4MJup
•Giant planets far away
•Circular orbits
•Orbits aligned with Solar spin
T. Mazeh: Tsvi Piran Celebration, Dec. 2009, Jerusalem
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Transits
The inclination (i) must be very close to 90°P
R R
atransitp
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HD 209458Mazeh et al., 2000
daysP
MiSinM
orbit 524.3
68.0)(
JupPlanet
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HD 209458
Phase consistent with the radial velocities
Charbonneau, Brown, Latham & Mayor 2000
Henry, Marcy, Butler & Vogt 2000
Depth: ~1.5%
Duration: ~2.5 hours
T. Mazeh: Tsvi Piran Celebration, Dec. 2009, Jerusalem
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HD209458Brown, Charbonneau, Gilliland, Noyes & Burrows, 2001,
1.07.86
06.035.1
i
RR JupPlanet
3cm g 35.0
HST photometry
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A French CNES mission with European partners & Brazil
[+ S. Aigrain, T. Mazeh, A. Shporer] 27cm telescope with polar orbit Joint stellar seismology & exoplanets transits mission Launched on 12 / 27 / 2006
5 fields of 4 square degrees observed, including two for ~150 days at ~mid-term of the mission.
~30,000 dwarf stars observed between 11 < Vmag < 16 Photometric data is gathered in a « mask » of pixels
The CoRoT Satellite
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First detected by alarm mode 153 transits,
all ~ seen when superimposed
Short period : P= 0.8536 days
>> transit depth : F/F = 0.035%=350 ppm compatible with Rpl = 1.8R
CoRoT-7b: first super –earth transiting planet
earthMM 5
d=150pc
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Charbonneau et al Dec. 17th, 2009
GJ1214b, 13pc
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Charbonneau et al Dec. 17th, 2009
GJ1214b, 13pc
Snellen et al. Nature 459, 543-545 (2009)
Optical phase variation for CoRoT-1b centred on the planetary eclipse.Secondary eclipse and phase variation
~100 ppm
CoRoT-1b
Cold and dark side
Inefficient distribution of absorbed heat
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Afonso et al. 2009
~60 ppm
CoRoT-2b
Secondary eclipse
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Kepler
HAT-P-7:
Secondary eclipse and phase variation
Borucki et al. 2009
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Orbit of planet
Spin-orbit relative inclination
Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination
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Orbit of planet
Transiting planets
Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination
T. Mazeh: Tsvi Piran Celebration, Dec. 2009, Jerusalem
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Orbit of planet
Transiting planets
Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination
T. Mazeh: Tsvi Piran Celebration, Dec. 2009, Jerusalem
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Orbit of planet
Spin-orbit relative inclination
Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination
T. Mazeh: Tsvi Piran Celebration, Dec. 2009, Jerusalem
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Orbit of planet
Spin-orbit relative inclination
Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination
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The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect
Gaudi & Winn 2007:
rotationplanet VR
rV *,
2
**
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Ohta et al. 2005
The observer is at the y axis
The stellar rotational axis is at the y-z plane
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CoRoT first planet
1.51
0.99 0.09
1.47 0.06
p Jup
p Jup
P d
M M
R R
Barge, Baglin, ….
Mazeh, …. Shporer …..
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e=0
•Giant planets far away
•Circular orbits
•Orbits aligned with Solar spin
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Migration
Migration does NOT explain
Highly eccentric orbits
&
Spin-orbit MISalignment
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Migration does NOT explain
Highly eccentric orbits
&
Spin-orbit MISalignment
Planet-planet interactione.g., Juric & Tremaine 2008
Tidal circularization
Tidal alignment
Stars around the center of our galaxy
Oort cloud
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Mazeh, Zucker, Pont 2005:
See also Gaudi, Seager and Mallen-Ornelas 2005
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2
2
* a
RL p
p
pp R
ME
2
1*
pE
TL
Evaporation:
Stellar radiation on the planet
Potential energy of the planet
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2
2
* a
RL p
p
pp R
ME
2
1*
pE
TL
TMa
R
p
p
122
3
pMTa
2
1
pMP 3/4