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Transcript of Transforming Solar Installation with New Inverters and New...
Transforming Solar Installation
with New Inverters and New Electronics
Eric WesoffGreentech Media
Conclusions
What Levers Can the NewAdministration Press?
• Taxes– ITC– PTC– Carbon– Oil
• Subsidies– Alternative electricity sources
• Procurement– Who is the biggest user of energy in the US?
• RPS– Federal RPS this year– 25% by 2025
7
USA Solar Resources
Source: Creating a U.S. Market for Solar Energy, by Rhone Resch, President of the Solar Energy Industries Association.
Germany: 52% world PV US: 9% world PV
Solar Scaling Up
The Solar MarketName another $30B marketgrowing at 30+% per year…
Steady and Strong GrowthA global $30B market with consistent 25% growth
12
PV Cell Efficiencies
Source: NREL-National Renewable Energy Lab
Massive Scaling Up• Massive plants constructed in the next few
years• 12-15GW by 2010• Global total of ~2.5GW in 2006• 2007 capacity of more than 5GW• Market driven by:
– Consistent German demand– Spain’s solar surge– Italy, Greece, California ascendant
Gigawatt Scale Solar Productionby 2011
1GW+• First Solar• Q-Cells• Suntech• Solarworld• Brightsource• Sharp
250MW+• Sanyo• United Solar• Conergy• Ever-Q• Motech• E-Ton• JA Solar
500MW+•Kyocera•Mitsubishi•SunPower•Trina•Schott•Solland•Yingli
Applied Materials had >$600M in solar sales in 2008
PhotovoltaicsThe Next Phase
• Favorable Public Policy• Favorable Tax Policy• Cost curve continues• Innovation continues• Ubiquity
ConergyAkeenaSunPowerSolariaPhoenixSchuco
SMAFroniusKacoXantrexSatConSputnik
SharpMitsubishiBP SolarSanyoSolonYingli
Q-CellsSharpSuntechSunPowerKyoceraFirst Solar
RECSolarworldLDKErSolReneSolaKyocera
RECSolarworldLDKErSolReneSolaKyocera
HemlockWacker ChemieMEMCMitsubishiSumitomoREC
Integratorspurchase modulesdepending onsystem size andnecessarycomponents andinstall the system.
Inverter, mountingstructure, cables,meter
Several cellsare framed,covered withglass on frontand foil onrear
Wafers arecoatedwith n/pjunctions,electrodesandother layers
Ingots are cutwith a wiresaw into verythin slices
Ingots areformed frompolysilicon
Silane gas used todeposit polysilicon
SystemIntegrationand Install
Balance ofSystem
PVModule
SolarCell
SiliconWafer
SiliconIngot
PolysiliconFeedstock
c-Si Value Chain
1366 Technologies6N SiliconAdvent SolarAE PolysiliconAOS SolarBlue SquareCalisolarConfluence SolarET SolarGamma SolarNorsun
c-Si Start-UpsPeak Sun SiliconRSI SBM SolarSenergenSiC ProcessingSilicon GenesisSolar NotionSolaicxSpectraWattSunivaWriota
3G SolarBandgap EngineeringBloo SolarFlexcellG24iHeliatekInnovalightKonarkaLightwave PowerNanoGramNano SiNet CrystalPhoton SynergyPlextronics
Next Gen SolarQDs, CNTs,OSCs,PV Inks andother Oddities
QuNanoSiOnyxSempriusSolarisSolarmerSolastaSolexantSolexelStionSunlight PhotonicsWakondaVanguard SolarVoxtel
CadTelAntecAVA SolarBloo SolarCanromGoldenPhotonNewCytePrimeStarSolar FieldsSolexantSunoviaZiaWattXunlight26
CIGSAQTGlobal SolarHelioVoltISETMiasoleNanosolarSoloPowerSolyndraOdersunSulfurcellTelio
Thin Film Solar Start-UpsA-SiAmpulseAOS SolarAPSTLCSG SolarEPV SolarFlexCellHelioSpheraNanoPVOptisolarSenceraSierra SolarSignet SolarSoltaixXunlight
SkyfuelSopogyStarpoint SolarSolar SystemsStirling Energy
Concentrated Solar ThermalStart-Ups
AusraBrightsourceeSolarHeliofocusInfiniaLuz II
Ahura EnergyBanyan EnergyConcentrator OpticsConcentrixCool Earth SolarCovalent SolarCyriumEnergy InnovationsEnFocusExtreme EnergeticsGreenfield SolarGreenVoltsMicrolink DevicesMorgan SolarMSTNetcrystalOptonyPrism SolarPyron SolarPythagoras
QuantaSolQuNanoScaled SolarSkyline SolarSolarisSolariaSolbeamSolFocusSolandisSolar JunctionSolar SystemsSoliantStellarisSun PhocusSunrgiSV SolarWakondaZenith SolarZytechWhitfield Solar
CPV Start-Ups
AquusClean Power FinanceClean Source PowerEnvisionGreenSun EnergyGroSolarHelio MuMondial EnergyMP2 CapitalOrb EnergyReady SolarRedwood RenewablesRecurrent EnergySierra Nevada SolarSoCore EnergySolaireSolar CenturySolar CitySolar NotionSolar RedSoltageSun EdisonSunGevitySunRunSolar Power PartnersStandard RenewablesStandard SolarSterling PlanetTioga Energy
Finance and Installation
Inverter and BoSInnovation in System Architecture
1-SolarAccurate SolarAct SolarArray ConverterAzurayEnPhase EnergyEOSGreenRay SolarMPPCPetra SolarPhobosPV PoweredSolarBridgeSolarEdgeTerraWatt PowerTigo
When You Think of Solar Power…
You Probably Don’t Think About…
…Power Electronics
Inverter Status Quo
• Existing power harvesting is based oncentralized inverters• MPPT and regulation done on the entire serial
array• At high power (kWs)• And at high, unregulated voltages (100V-1kV)
Current Inverter Situation• Has inherent design and operational shortcomings
• Loss due to partial shading• Loss due to MPP mismatch or inaccurate MPPT• Complex system design• Array is less scalable and not fault tolerant• Panels require matching (geometrical and electrical)• Poor roof utilization• No feedback, insufficient monitoring and fault detection
Parsing the PV Power Field
Micro-inverters
AC Modules
DC-DC
Architectures
ICs for Inverters Centralized Inverters Other
Enphase National Semi Green Power IC Labs SatCon EOS
Array Converter Sympagis Msilica Fronius Act Solar (acquired by Nat Semi)
SmartSpark SolarEdge SMA
Enecsys Proxygen Xantrex
GreenRay Solar Tigo Sustainable Energy Tech
Accurate Solar MPPC PV Powered
Petra Solar Xandex 1-Solar
Azuray Phobos Solectria
TerraWatt Power AEIS
32
PVModule
New Approach - Distributing theMPPT
MPP
T
PVModule M
PPT
MPP
T
MPP
T
MPP
T
MPP
T
PVModule
PVModule
PVModule
PVModule
DC
AC
New Approach - Microinverters
AC/DC
Reduces cost of installation?Reduces cost of installation?
Higher efficiencyEnables DIY home owner andconsumer sales channels
Not necessary on every panelNo single point of failure
Better reliability than microinverters?Strong monitoring capabilities
Higher voltages = lower resistivelosses in copper
No specialized DC wiring and highvoltage components.
DC-DCMicroinverters DC-AC
Our panelists…
Martin FornageCo-Founder and CTO
Enphase Energy
Jeff KrisaVP Marketing and Sales
Tigo Energy