Transformers - Fire Protection

REVISITING THE PREFORMANCE OBJECTIVES OF FIRE PROTECTION

FOR TRANSFORMERS Kenneth W. Dungan, P.E.

SFPE Professional Development Conference, Portland OR

October 23-28, 2011

REVISITING THE PREFORMANCE OBJECTIVES OF FIRE PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMERS

• EXISTING GUIDEANCE DOCUMENTS • LOSS CONTROL GOALS • PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES • DESIGN CRITERIA

FIRE PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMERS EXISTING GUIDEANCE DOCUMENTS

• EEI TRANSFORMER FIRE PROTECTION, MARCH 2001 • NFPA 850, RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR FIRE

PROTECTION FOR ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS AND HIGH VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT CONVERTER STATIONS

• NFPA 851, RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR FIRE PROTECTION FOR HYDROELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS


• FM GLOBAL PROPERTY LOSS PREVENTION DATA SHEET 5-4, TRANSFORMERS

• IEEE STD 979-1994, IEEE GUIDE FOR SUBSTATION FIRE PROTECTION

• NFPA 15, STANDARD FOR WATER SPRAY FIXED SYSTEMS FOR FIRE PROTECTION


NFPA 850 & NFPA 851 – SEPARATION CRITERIA

• 500 GAL< VOLUME<5000 GAL – 2HR BARRIER OR 25FT • VOLUME>5000 GAL – 2HR BARRIER OR 50 FT

– DRAIN/CONTAIN OIL • DRAINAGE • CONTAINMENT

– ROCK FILLED PITS » KEEP FREE OF DUST, DIRT, ASH TO KEEP POROUS

– OPEN PITS » WATER SPRAY » FLAME ARRESTOR

– WATER SPRAY – NFPA 15


FM GLOBAL PROPERTY LOSS CONTROL DATASHEET 5-4, TRANSFORMERS

Buildings or equipment exposed by transformers should be protected by separation, a fire barrier or a water spray system on the transformers.

SEPARATION CONTAINMENT PROTECTION


IEEE STD979-1994, IEEE GUIDE FOR SUBSTATION FIRE PROTECTION

SEPARATION BETWEEN BUILDINGS AND TRANSFORMERS 2000 GAL OR MORE – 20FT (REGARDLESS OF PROTECTION)

2000 GAL OR MORE – 50FT OR 2-HR RATING

SEPARATION BETWEEN TRANSFORMERS 75 kVA – 10 FT 76 – 333kVA – 20 FT >333kVA – 30 FT OPTION 1-HR BARRIER


NFPA 15, STANDARD FOR WATER SPRAY FIXED SYSTEMS FOR FIRE PROTECTION

SECTION 7.4 TRANSFORMERS COMPLETE WATER SPRAY ON ALL EXPOSED EXTERIOR SURFACES 0.25 GPM/SQFT ON TRANSFORMER SURFACES 0.15 GPM/SQFT ON NONABSORBING GROUND AREA OF EXPOSURE NO DIRECT IMPINGEMENT ON BUSHINGS OR LIGHTNING ARRESTERS

FIRE PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMERS LOSS CONTROL GOALS

• MINIMIZE PROPERTY DAMAGE • MINIMIZE DOWNTIME – INTERRUPTION TO

SERVICE • MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS -

RELEASES

FIRE PROTECTION FOR TRANSFORMERS

LOSS CONTROL GOALS – MINIMIZE PROPERTY

DAMAGE – MINIMIZE DOWNTIME –

INTERRUPTION TO SERVICE

– MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS - RELEASES

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE – MINIMIZE FIRE SPREAD

(LIMIT DAMAGE TO SINGLE TRANSFORMER)

• CONTROL FLOW OF OIL • CONTROL THERMAL

EXPOSURE • CONTROL PROJECTILES

– SUPPRESS/EXTINGUISH OIL FIRE

LOSS CONTROL GOALS

DESIGN CRITERIA CONTROL FLOW OF OIL (CONTAIN OR DRAIN?)

– CONTAIMENT • VOLUME OF OIL • VOLUME OF WATER SPRAY (FLOW RATE

& DURATION) – HEAT SINK / ABSORBING SURFACE

• CRUSHED ROCK • ROCK FLAME ARRESTOR (12-INCHES OF

STONE) – DRAINAGE

• OIL VOLUME - NEED TO ESTABLISH DRAIN RATE

• WATER SPRAY FLOW RATE • RAIN WATER

– RETENTION • VOLUME • LOCATION • OIL/WATER SEPARATER

MINIMIZE PROPERTY DAMAGE MINIMIZE DOWNTIME – INTERRUPTION TO SERVICE MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS - RELEASES

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES MINIMIZE FIRE SPREAD (LIMIT DAMAGE TO SINGLE TRANSFORMER)

CONTROL FLOW OF OIL CONTROL THERMAL EXPOSURE CONTROL PROJECTILES

SUPPRESS/EXTINGUISH OIL FIRE

LOSS CONTROL GOALS

DESIGN CRITERIA CONTROL OF THERMAL EXPOSURE

– SEPARATION • SPACE (HOW MUCH?) • BARRIERS

– WATER SPRAY • NFPA 15 CRITERIA – 0.25GPM/SQFT

OF TRANSFORMER SURFACES





LOSS CONTROL GOALS

DESIGN CRITERIA CONTROL OF PROJECTILES

– SEPARATION • SPACE (HOW MUCH?) • BARRIERS

– EXPLOSION PROTECTION





LOSS CONTROL GOALS

DESIGN CRITERIA FIRE SUPPRESSION

– TYPE/LOCATION OF FIRE • TANK FIRE • SPILL FIRE

– WATER SPRAY • DENSITY • AREA

– FOAM WATER SPRAY • CAF • AFFF





Transformers - Fire Protection

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