Transformer Dilemma in - TechAdvantageONLINE DGA SURVEY RESULTS . Most Important Items to Monitor on...
Transcript of Transformer Dilemma in - TechAdvantageONLINE DGA SURVEY RESULTS . Most Important Items to Monitor on...
AWAKENING YOUR 6th SENSE
Transformer Dilemma in
Today's Substations Jeff Golarz Director T&D Solutions 26 February 2015
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• Limited ability to do maintenance (criticality, parts, personnel)
• Knowledgeable people on substations retiring and/or leaving
• Minimal sensors and data • Cannot afford to replace or
update (budget, disruption) • Huge risk of failure
• 40-50 years in age • Limited communications
in/out of substation • Assets running at 75% to
100% of nameplate
Today’s “Old” Substations
CONFIDENTIAL
Periodic portable thermal imaging
camera
Covering Your Substation Assets
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• Analog Gauges: analog outputs, log readings
• Visual indicators and sight glasses
• Shifty log readings looking for physical wear and broken parts
• Assets over 40 years old, overdesigned and heavily loaded to 100% nameplate or higher
• Aged workforce, in general less experienced
• Manual samples, manual analysis, manual interpretation
OLD SUBSTATION
Portable Partial Discharge
Monitoring
Manual oil samples
CONFIDENTIAL
Doing Nothing is Not an Option
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Exploding Transformer - video
http://www.komar.org/christmas/faq/exploding_transformer.mpg
New Substation Configuration
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• Solid state sensors with intelligence
• Data concentrator to pull data together from multiple sensors
• 10-fold increase in sensors, 1,000-fold increase in data
• Assets designed to nameplate and loaded 75-100%
NEW SUBSTATION
Continuous Online Thermal
Imaging
CONFIDENTIAL
• More remote, less local
• Most assets under 20 years old
• Aged workforce, in general less experienced
Where Do You Process Your Data?
• Cost • Bandwidth • Security - NERC CIP
Factors to consider on where to process your data?
• Stability/Reliability • Integrity • Size of Network
BIT PIPE
Device
CONFIDENTIAL 11
Where Do You Process Your Data?
AT THE EDGE • Moving processing/intelligence to
the sensor head
• Will drive the cost of the sensor up - "sensor protection"
• Must be comfortable with data and decisions occurring somewhere else - outside of headquarters
• Allows for fast data action with minimal chance of interruption
IN THE CLOUD • Easy to get information into and
out of the cloud
• Concerns of virtual and physical attacks, disabling infrastructure and stealing data
• NERC CIP concerns on data security in the “CLOUD”
IN THE SERVER • Processing to occur at one location
and can physically secure and control this data storage and analytics
• Provides an infrastructure overload scenario by having to allow for such large bandwidth to accumulate streams of data pouring in
• Will involve "inherent" delays in processing and decisions
CONFIDENTIAL 12
What is Intelligent Sensing at the Edge?
Intelligent Sensing at the Edge • Move decisions/actions/analytics as close to
senor head as possible. • Data Storage • Report by exception only... not all data
Localization Localize sensor and analytics as close to asset/sensor as possible.
Short Range Communications for Localized GUI Tablet based provisioning and interaction through bluetooth low energy, Wi-Fi, Zigbee. Mesh networking between sensors to collect data.
Enabling SLExTM (Substation Life Extension) Saving the worlds transmission and distribution grids one substation at a time.
Fail Safe Sensor Logic Asset and sensor logic continue to operate even with network outage.
CONFIDENTIAL 15
ONLINE DGA SURVEY RESULTS
Average Age of Transformers on Transmission System
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0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Under25
Years
25-30Years
30-35Years
35-40Years
40-45Years
45-50Years
Over 50Years
27% 29%
23%
13%
7.40%
0% 0.80%
ONLINE DGA SURVEY RESULTS
Most Important Items to Monitor on a Transformer/LTC (Top 3)
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Transformer DGA
Load Tap Changer DGA
Bushing Monitoring
Partial Discharge
Winding Hot Spot
Thermal Imaging
Top Oil Temperature
Frequency Response Analysis (FRA)
1
2
3
ONLINE DGA SURVEY RESULTS
Importance of Online DGA for condition monitoring
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Very ImportantModeratelyImportant Not Important
60.0%
34.1%
5.9%
ONLINE DGA SURVEY RESULTS
Critical Gases/Readings to Monitor
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75.0%
43.2%
30.1%
68.8%
48.9%
40.9%
34.7%
14.8%
15.9%
47.7%
Hydrogen
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Acetylene
Ethylene
Methane
Ethane
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Moisture
ONLINE DGA SURVEY RESULTS
LTC Condition Evaluations
Confidential 25
Possible Malfunctions Diagnosed Brake Failure – Acetylene, Ethylene
Contact Wear – Ethylene, Ethane
Human errors - Methylene, Acetylene, Ethylene
Arcing in diverter - Acetylene
Arcing in selector - Acetylene
Misalignment - Acetylene, Ethylene
Drive mechanism wear - Acetylene, Ethylene
Mechanical failure – no operation (no gases)
Insulation (tracking) - Ethylene
Synchronism - Acetylene, Ethylene
Coking –Hi Ethylene, Lo Acetylene
Factors Leading to Transformer Failures
Confidential 26
55% of failures are predictable, foreseeable, and preventable with the right tools. 45% may occur without much warning!
*Source: William H. Bartley, P.E. The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Co
Lightning 16%
Electrical Disturbance 29%
Insulation Deterioration 18%
Inadequate Maintenance 13%
Loose Connections 13%
Moisture 7%
Other 4%
ONLINE DGA SURVEY RESULTS
DGA Interpretation Methods
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Tool Reference Standard
IEEE C57. 104-1991
IEEE PC57. 104 D11d
IEC 60599- 1999
Individual & TDCG guidelines X X Doernenburg Ratios X
Rogers Ratios X X Key Gas Procedure X X
Duval Triangle X CO2/CO Ratio X X
O2/N2 Ratio X C2H2/H2 Ratio X
ONLINE DGA SURVEY RESULTS
Artificial intelligence interpretation method
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Recent development in an AI model based on the combination of KGM, DRM, RRM, IRM, and DTM
Equation 1