Transformations in the Arab World Iraq data Professor Christian W. Haerpfer...

Transformations in the Arab World

Iraq data

Professor Christian W. Haerpfer

www.arabtrans.eu | Facebook.com/ArabTrans | Twitter.com/arabtrans_fp7

Transformations in the Arab World

Since January 2011, the Arab World entered into a historical process of rapid and deep change of its political and social structures.

This process of political transformations shows some striking similarities with the political revolution in post-Communist Europe and post-Soviet Eurasia in the period between November 1989 (The fall of the Iron Curtain) and December 1991 (The end of the Soviet Union).

The main task of the project is to provide a scientific comparison the political and social transformation or stability in 7 Arab countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Jordan, and Iraq.


ArabTrans survey fieldwork

There are 6 research teams tasked with conducting large-scale quantitative surveys in 7 countries in the Arab World.


Morocco – MEDA SolutionsAlgeria – CREAD (Centre de Recherche en Economie Appliquee pour le Development)Tunisia – ASSF (Applied Social Science Forum)Libya and Iraq – IIACSS (Independent Institute for Administration and Civil Society Studies)Egypt – Bassera (Egyptian Centre for Public Opinion Research)Jordan – University of Jordan

ArabTrans European partners

ArabTrans consortium also includes 6 European partners:


United Kingdom – University of Aberdeen (Coordinator)Ireland – Dublin City UniversitySpain – ASEP (Análisis Sociológicos Económicos y Políticos, Madrid)Italy – ISPI (Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, Milan)Austria – University of ViennaMoldova – Concluzia (Centre for Survey Methodology, Chisinau)


Iraq survey team: IIACSS

Dr Munqith Dagher – National Director

Independent Institute for Administration and Civil

Society Studies


Iraq survey team: IIACSSIndependent Institute for Administration and Civil

Society Studies Dr Abdul Razzaq

Project director for Baghdad and Northern Governorates and a founding member of IIACSS. Personally managed more than 300 polls in Iraq and oversees IIACSS’s Quality Control Procedures for fieldwork.

Dr Abdul Sahib Saleh

Project director for sample design and Southern Governorates and a founding member of IIACSS. Responsible for sample design, quality control and data checks on all samples, as well as all fieldwork operations in the southern governorates.

Doaa Barqawi

Qualitative Research Manager. Has 14 years of experience in market research and holds a degree in Statistics from Yarmouk University. She joined IIACSS in 2006 as a qualitative researcher and currently manages all qualitative research projects for IIACSS.


Survey in Iraq

The recent ArabTrans survey in the country was completed at the end of August 2014.

The sample size was 1750 men and women in rural and urban areas of Iraq.

Gender ratio of the respondents was 51.6% males to 48.4% females.

Error margin is estimated to be approximately ± 2-3 per cent at 95% confidence level.


The ISIS crisis

The ArabTrans partner IIACSS have timely completed their survey work before ISIS have overrun most of the Northern Iraq and ahead of the current NATO-led aerial bombing campaign.

ArabTrans is now in exclusive possession of the reliable socio-political survey data from Northern and Central Iraq.

Since ISIS arrival data collection in the area is deemed too dangerous.

- Reach of ISIS


The Iraq data:General questions


The Iraq data – Most people are trustworthy

Yes No0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

24.2

69.6


Very poor Poor Fair Good Very good0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

1.8

11.8

24.6

47.4

14.2

The Iraq data – State of health


The Iraq data – Most closely identify yourself with:

Your country

of orig

in

Arab (Ethnicit

y)

Muslim (R

eligion)

Region

Loca

l community

, city

where I l

ive

Others0.0

10.020.030.040.050.060.0 51.1

12.923.9

6.0 4.80.1


The Iraq data – Voluntary membership in associations

charitable society professional / trade union

youth, cultural, sports

political party other civil society.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.012.5

8.5

5.43.7

1.9


The Iraq data – Top 2 challenges for Iraq

internal st

ability &

secu

rity

economic s

ituation

corru

ption of politi

cians

extern

al interfe

rence

corru

ption of public

servants

authoritaria

nism

Palestinian sit

uationother

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.0 60.5

47.7

33.921.5 18.7

12.71.6 0.3


The Iraq data – General situation in Iraq

5 years ago Now Future0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

19.1

27.9

18.0

33.836.4

16.4

35.1

26.618.3

9.87.2

15.3

0.7 0.95.4

Se-ries1Se-ries2Se-ries3

Very bad

2

3

4

Very Good


The Iraq data – Household situation


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

5.311.2

6.1

25.826.3

14.9

48.1

35.9

23.9

16.522.2 18.8

2.33.5

10.5

Series1Series2Series3Series4Series5

Very bad

2

3

4

Very Good


The Iraq data – Corruption in state institutions

Not at all To a small extent To a medium extent To a large extent0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

0.4

9.5

26.6

60.3


The Iraq data:Security


The Iraq data – region/district security


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

7.2

15.4

7.8

24.4

22.2

12.9

34.5

24.5

14.0

21.3

26.5

22.9

11.010.6

17.4


Very bad

2

3

4

Very Good


The Iraq data – country security


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

23.7

39.8

21.4

36.635.8

15.4

28.4

18.3

14.9

9.2 4.514.8

1.4 1.1 4.3


Very bad

2

3

4

Very Good


The Iraq data:Politics


The Iraq data – Perception of the country’s political system


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

20.8

35.0

19.3

34.2 36.3

16.4

33.7

20.319.0

7.8 6.613.9

1.0 0.63.8


Very bad

2

3

4

Very Good


The Iraq data – Democracy is the best system

Strongly disagree

Disagree Agree Strongly agree

Don't know Refused to answer

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

2.59.0

63.7

18.7

5.30.9


The Iraq data – Democracy is suitable for Iraq

v. unsuitable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 v. suitable0.02.04.06.08.0

10.012.014.016.018.020.0

1.4 1.6

4.8

6.9

9.5

18.8

15.614.6 15.0

5.63.8


The Iraq data – Voted in the last election

Yes No Don't know Refused to answer0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0 74.5

19.2

0.26.1


The Iraq data – Interest in politics

Not interested at all Somewhat interested Interested Very interested0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

14.2

36.2 37.7

10.3


The Iraq data – Follow political news on Iraq

Never Sometimes/ rarely Often Very often0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

7.8

31.3

40.7

19.1


The Iraq data – Would you take part in a political demonstration?

Yes No Don't know0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

23.5

45.9

21.5


The Iraq data – First main reason for taking part in a demonstration

Political reasons Economic reasons Security reasons Educational reasons0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0 65.0

21.0

13.4

0.2


The Iraq data – Second main reason for taking part in a demonstration

Economic reasons Political reasons Security reasons Educational reasons0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0 42.2

30.5

24.6

2.7


The Iraq data – Political Action: Signing a petition

Have done Might do Would never do0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

14.1

29.0

46.4


The Iraq data – Political Action: Joining boycotts

Have done Might do Would never do0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

4.4

21.8

64.7


The Iraq data – Political Action: Attending demonstrations


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

6.1

27.8

55.4


The Iraq data – Political Action: Joining unofficial strikes


10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

1.19.4

77.9


The Iraq data – Political Action: Occupying buildings or factories

Have done Might do Would never do.0

10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

0.3 3.7

83.6


The Iraq data – How democratic is Iraq?

Complete dictatorsh

ip 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Complete democracy

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

5.1

10.7 9.7 10.2 9.4

19.7

14.911.7

5.5

0.7 0.6


The Iraq data – Citizens must support the government’s decisions even if they disagree with them

Strongly disagree Disagree Agree Strongly agree0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

18.1

38.9

30.0

6.4


The Iraq data – Political reform should be introduced little by little instead of all at once


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

9.2

16.4

52.6

15.7


The Iraq data – Government’s Performance: Creating employment opportunities

This is not the government’s responsibility (Do not read)

Very bad Bad Good Very good0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

0.3

43.0 44.0

10.1

0.7


The Iraq data – Government’s Performance: Narrowing the gap between rich and poor



10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

4.2

34.5

45.8

10.8

0.3


The Iraq data – Government’s Performance: Controlling prices



10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

0.7

31.0

40.7

24.3

1.3


The Iraq data – Government’s Performance: Provision of utilities (electricity, gas, etc.)



10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

0.8

21.7

32.9

40.3

2.8


The Iraq data – Government’s Performance: Providing security in the country


Very bad Bad Good Very good0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

0.8

50.5

29.8

13.1

3.9


The Iraq data:Satisfaction


The Iraq data – Satisfaction: your life in general

Definitely dissatisfied Rather dissatisfied Quite satisfied Definitely satisfied0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

9.3

32.5

52.8

4.5


The Iraq data – Satisfaction: the way democracy is developing in Iraq


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

21.1

41.9

29.5

2.7


The Iraq data – Satisfaction: the way the economy is developing in Iraq


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

26.7

38.3

29.0

2.1


The Iraq data – Satisfaction: the educational system in Iraq


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

16.6

37.1 38.1

5.3


The Iraq data – Satisfaction: the healthcare system in Iraq


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

20.9

38.6

31.4

5.7


The Iraq data – Satisfaction: the way the government performs its duties in national office


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

31.3

41.3

19.2

2.2


The Iraq data – Satisfaction: the way the local authorities are solving the region’s affairs


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

20.3

42.4

27.9

4.2


The Iraq data – Satisfaction: the system of social security


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

27.3

41.9

20.7

1.8


The Iraq data – Is parliamentary system suitable for Iraq?

Not suitable at all Somewhat suitable Suitable Very suitable0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

5.8

10.9

36.6

42.0


The Iraq data – Is a system with strong president where elections are not important suitable for Iraq?


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.063.7

17.9

8.21.8


The Iraq data – Is a system with strong military force in which elections are not important suitable for Iraq?


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.068.7

10.06.6 4.2


The Iraq data – Is a system governed by Islamic law where there is no elections or political parties suitable for Iraq?


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0 65.9

10.65.1 4.1


The Iraq data:Trust


The Iraq data – Trust in government

No trust at all Not very much trust Quite a lot of trust A great deal of trust0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

34.638.2

21.9

3.4


The Iraq data – Trust in the parliament


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.051.3

35.7

8.62.1


The Iraq data – Trust in courts and legal system


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

18.6

39.3

31.8

6.9


The Iraq data – Trust in the armed forces


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

14.316.5

32.6

26.5


The Iraq data – Trust in police


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

57.3

28.3

8.21.6


The Iraq data – Trust in political parties


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

11.7

48.6

28.2

7.4


The Iraq data – Trust in media


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

16.5

34.0

27.9

7.7


The Iraq data – Trust in civil society

No trust at all Not very much trust Quite a lot of trust A great deal of trust0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

24.0

43.7

23.7

3.3


The Iraq data – Trust in local government


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

13.7

22.6

31.7

26.3


The Iraq data – Trust in religious leaders


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

18.2

24.2

35.5

19.4


The Iraq data:International Relations


The Iraq data – Influence of the United States on development of democracy in Iraq

Very negative

Somewhat negative

Neither p

ositive nor n

egative

Somewhat positi

ve

Very positive

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0 36.5

21.7

13.016.3

2.4


The Iraq data – Influence of the European Union on development of democracy in Iraq

Very negative

Somewhat negative

Neither p

ositive nor n

egative

Somewhat positi

ve

Very positive

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

13.117.5

23.1 23.5

4.2


The Iraq data – USA poses factor of stability or instability to Iraq

Factor of instability Factor of stability Does not affect my country0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.069.5

21.4

4.6


The Iraq data – Israel poses factor of stability or instability to Iraq


10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.089.0

3.1 3.4


The Iraq data – Iran poses factor of stability or instability to Iraq


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0 56.5

27.5

10.1


The Iraq data – China poses factor of stability or instability to Iraq

Factor of instability Factor of stability Does not affect my country0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

8.0

43.7

39.1


The Iraq data – Russia poses factor of stability or instability to Iraq


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

15.0

38.536.2


The Iraq data – Turkey poses factor of stability or instability to Iraq

Factor of instability Factor of stability Does not affect my country0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

45.3

32.2

14.1


The Iraq data – EU poses factor of stability or instability to Iraq


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

27.4

37.1

21.4


The Iraq data – Arab League poses factor of stability or instability to Iraq


27.0

28.0

29.0

30.0

31.0

32.0

28.5

31.3

27.8


The Iraq data – How should the EU help in Iraq?

Promoting eco

nomic development

Promoting democra

cy

Resolving th

e Arab-Israeli c

onflict

Promoting w

omen's rights

The EU should not g

et involved

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.030.3

25.4

7.52.6

18.5


The Iraq data – Knowledge about development / cooperation programs implemented by European institutions or countries

Yes No Don't know0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

12.6

76.6

8.7


The Iraq data – Rate of impact of development / cooperation programs implemented by European institutions or countries

There is no impact

Very negative Negative Positive Very positive Don't know0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

5.5.9 2.3

67.3

8.614.5


The Iraq data – Country you would like Iraq to have more relations with (top results)

UAE Turkey Iran Saudi Arabia China Japan USA0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0 13.2 12.9

11.3

5.6 5.1 5.0 4.5


The Iraq data – European state you think your country should strengthen its relations in order to improve the current conditions (top results)

France Germany Great Britain Sweden Russia Italy Netherlands0.02.04.06.08.0

10.012.014.016.018.020.0

18.0

14.5

12.5

8.66.9 6.4

4.4


The Iraq data:Religion


The Iraq data – Are you religious?

Religious Religious to some extent Not religious0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

43.548.0

2.5


The Iraq data – Democracy is a Western form of government that is not compatible with Islam


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

22.5

49.1

19.0

3.5


The Iraq data – Islam requires that in a Muslim country the political rights of non-Muslims should be less to those of Muslims


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

26.6

55.7

10.7

1.6


The Iraq data – Banks in Muslim countries must be forbidden from charging even modest interest on loans because this is forbidden by Islam

Strongly disagree Disagree Agree Strongly agree0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

3.1

14.8

46.2

25.5


The Iraq data – It is acceptable in Islam for male and female university students to attend classes together


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

3.5

19.4

56.1

15.5


The Iraq data – If a Muslim converts to another religion, s/he must be punished by execution


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.029.7

31.8

18.2

5.6


The Iraq data – In Islam a woman should dress modestly, but Islam does not require that she wear a hijab.


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

19.4

33.831.7

8.9


The Iraq data – I prefer a religious party over a non-religious based political party


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

10.2

27.9

34.2

10.4


The Iraq data – The government and parliament should make laws according to the wishes of the people


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

3.4

18.8

49.5

23.2


The Iraq data – The government should implement only the laws derived from the sharia


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

4.9

32.5

40.7

13.4


The Iraq data – The government and parliament should make laws according to the wishes of the people in some spheres and implement sharia in others


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

2.9

12.6

49.5

27.4


The Iraq data – The government and parliament should make criminal law according to sharia


10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

3.7

22.2

43.8

20.6


The Iraq data – The government and parliament should make personal status/family law according to sharia


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

1.6 3.8

49.7

40.7


The Iraq data – Degree of agreement: Religious clerics should not influence how people vote in elections


10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

1.3

13.7

43.9

35.0


The Iraq data – Degree of agreement: Religious clerics should have influence over the decisions of government


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

6.1

31.836.6

16.6


The Iraq data – Degree of agreement: Religious practice should be separated from socio-economic life


5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

5.8

15.8

42.6

23.0


The Iraq data:Arab Spring


The Iraq data – Name for the recent social, political events that happened in some Arab countries

Arab Spring

Arab uprising

Revolution

Democratic S

pring

Arab destructi

on

Civil war

Conspira

cy against

Arabs0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.0 30.8

15.110.6

3.7

15.1

4.2

11.0


The Iraq data – Did you support the Arab Revolution (Arab Spring)

Yes No0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

14.6

77.3


The Iraq data – Why people took to the streets during the Arab Spring?

to demand more politi

cal fr

eedom

to promote fo

reign interest

to oppose authoritaria

n leaders

to protest

against co

rruption

because of la

ck of b

asic se

rvices

beacuse of e

conomic p

roblems

other0.0

10.020.030.040.050.060.0

25.014.6

23.5

50.043.5

29.0

2.2


The Iraq data – Which were the actors who sparked the Arab Spring?

Elite/st

ate insti

tutions in fight

Islamist

move

mentsNGOs

Spontaneous p

opular demonstr

.

Young activis

ts

Members

of the ci

vil so

ciety

Fore

ign actors

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.0

25.014.6

23.5

50.043.5

29.0

2.2


The Iraq data – Changes compared to 5 years ago

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

4.3 4.5

10.8

14.9

18.3

5.3

10.712.4

15.2

28.2

23.3

27.8

13.716.9

27.926.6

31.3

27.726.3 27.5

19.1

33.1 34.3

19.222.3

14.7

34.132.6

19.9

14.1

6.6 7.5 6.6

12.7 13.9

Much worse

Somewhat worse

Equal

Somewhat better

Much better


The Iraq data – Assessment of the EU programs in response to the Arab Spring

Positive Negative No effect I never heard of it0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

17.5

25.3

16.6

19.5


The Iraq data – desired EU support

0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.0

28.8

37.3

19.1 19.1

6.2 7.0

32.1

14.512.1


The Iraq data:Gender


The Iraq data – A married woman can work outside the home if she wishes


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

2.7

11.8

56.1

28.1


The Iraq data – A university education is more important for a boy than a girl


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

22.4

52.1

18.3

5.6


The Iraq data – A woman can travel abroad by herself if she wishes


10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

23.5

39.5

27.1

7.0


The Iraq data – Women should have equal inheritance rights.


10.015.020.025.030.035.040.0

14.6

31.9 33.9

14.5


The Iraq data – Women can assume judicial office


10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

7.4

21.4

46.5

17.2


The Iraq data – The first wife’s consent is a prerequisite to allow the man to marry another woman.


10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

7.3

23.3

46.7

17.1


The Iraq data – Women can refuse to marry someone chosen by her parents without their consent


10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

2.2

14.5

44.6

33.7


The Iraq data – Men and women should have equal rights when making the decision to divorce.


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

7.0

22.7

48.0

13.9


The Iraq data – The law should not allow a man to marry more than one woman


10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

20.6

41.2

21.1

10.4


The Iraq data – In Islam woman can stipulate to divorce her husband in the marriage contract


10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

7.0

17.4

49.4

13.4


The Iraq data – A woman can be President or Prime Minister of a Muslim country


10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

7.5

27.7

40.1

15.5


The Iraq data – On the whole, men make better political leaders than women do


10.015.020.025.030.035.040.0

6.5

17.5

38.032.5


The Iraq data:Media & Internet


The Iraq data – Trust in the national media

More than you did in 2010 The same as you did in 2010 Less than you did in 20100.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

18.3

42.9

22.5


The Iraq data – The media is free in your country

Not free at all Not very free Somewhat free Completely free0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

8.2

24.5

43.4

17.7


The Iraq data – Through the Internet: People can have more political power

Strongly disagree Disagree Neither agree, nor disagree

Agree Strongly agree0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.0

1.45.7

25.6

35.0

11.1


The Iraq data – Through the Internet: People will have more say about what the government does


Agree Strongly agree0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

2.9

7.8

31.0 30.6

7.7


The Iraq data – Through the Internet: People can know more about what government does



10.015.020.025.030.035.040.0

2.35.4

23.3

35.3

13.3


The Iraq data – Through the Internet: Public officials will know more about what people have to say



10.015.020.025.030.035.040.0

1.46.4

23.3

33.8

9.1


The Iraq data – Through the Internet: Politicians are trying to influence people


Agree Strongly agree0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

2.3

8.2

24.5

27.7

7.9


The Iraq data – Frequency of Internet use

I do not use the Internet

Less than once a week

Once a week Several times a week

Daily I am online almost all day

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

48.9

2.5 3.0

10.6

26.0

9.0


The Iraq data – Frequency of online newspapers use

Never Less than once a week


Daily Multiple times a day

0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

39.0

18.8

10.614.0

9.8

4.0


The Iraq data – Social media use frequency

Twitter YouTube Social networking sites such as Facebook

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.043.8

7.9 6.4

11.1

5.97.4

19.4

26.3

19.2

7.2

14.8

6.810.9

29.932.7

6.2

14.8

27.2

never< once a weekonce a weekseveral times a weekdailyI am logged in all day





0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

3.57.3 7.3

22.4

39.6

18.5

The Iraq data – Using social media tools: For connecting with family and friends





0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

18.316.3 15.3

23.9

18.7

6.0

The Iraq data – Using social media tools: For meeting new people





0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

11.37.7

14.4

31.9

26.4

7.6

The Iraq data – Using social media tools: To hear about social and cultural events





0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

16.7

12.8

16.6

22.424.3

6.0

The Iraq data – Using social media tools: To hear about gossip





0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

20.2

13.1

18.2

20.621.6

4.3

The Iraq data – Using social media tools: For getting information about general politics and political events





0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0 32.2

18.7

14.216.8

11.9

4.1

The Iraq data – Using social media tools: For commenting on political issues





0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0

67.7

11.57.0 5.9 3.4

0.6

The Iraq data – Using social media tools: For taking part in political events such as demonstrations





0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0 73.2

8.3 4.7 4.9 1.70.1

The Iraq data – Using social media tools: For organizing political activities





0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.0

34.0

8.8 8.8

14.9 16.3

8.3

The Iraq data – Using social media tools: When you are bored


The Iraq data:Needs


Do not use it Never Sometimes Constantly0.0

10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

0.5

92.2

6.4 0.6

The Iraq data – Need for (last year): Basic foods (bread, sugar, milk)



10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

0.5

63.9

31.5

3.4

The Iraq data – Need for (last year): Clothes, shoes



10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

0.3

63.3

28.9

6.5

The Iraq data – Need for (last year): Electricity



10.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.0

0.3

74.4

20.7

3.4

The Iraq data – Need for (last year): Water indoors


Do not use it Never Sometimes Constantly0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

21.4

41.1

33.0

2.5

The Iraq data – Need for (last year): Fuel for cars



10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

0.7

54.9

39.6

3.1

The Iraq data – Need for (last year): Medical care



10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

0.7

60.5

33.4

2.9

The Iraq data – Need for (last year): Medicine



10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

4.5

29.2

51.2

11.6

The Iraq data – Need for (last year): Home repair



10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

1.9

46.9 44.8

3.1

The Iraq data – Need for (last year): Credit for the mobile phone



10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

16.9 17.6

38.3

22.1

The Iraq data – Need for (last year): Entertainment (café, restaurants, theatres, cinemas etc.)

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Transformations in the Arab World Iraq data Professor Christian W. Haerpfer...

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