Transformation - Air Force Associationsecure.afa.org/media/scripts/grant.pdf · 2003. 5. 22. ·...

Transformationand the Joint Air Component

Transformationand the Joint Air Component

Airpower Transformed WarfareAirpower Transformed Warfare

For the 21st Century…For the 21st Century…• QDR 2001 “…the

evolution of combat capabilities that provide revolutionary or asymmetric advantages to our forces.” –

• “The challenges the nation faces do not loom in the distant future, but are here now.”

• “President Bush: “…our security will require transforming the military…”

New technologies often go into combat

on fighters first

Fighter Transformation?Fighter Transformation?• Fighters have a track record of

transformation• Fighters remain necessary for

current and future missions– To protect joint forces in the air, on

the ground and at sea– To strike targets with precision and

persistence– To work with bombers, UAVs, etc.

• To fight together with allies • To ensure a force structure big

enough to meet challenges around the globe and at home

• To adapt to new roles

The Importance of Being FlexibleThe Importance of Being FlexibleFlexVJ-MUPC3ElecIADSIndusLeadersLOCsPOL

43%43%

Allied Force aim points, 1999

Allied Force aim points, 1999

Serb Army Tank

USAF Combat Controller with Northern Alliance

Enduring Freedom, 2001-2:80%+ “Flex” TargetsEnduring Freedom, 2001-2:80%+ “Flex” Targets

The Importance of Being Flexible

83%83%

F/A-18EF F/A-18EF

548548

UCAVUCAV????

F-35F-35 ~3000~3000

20082008

20102010

20052005

F-22F-22333333

20002000

• DPG asks: “What is the best investment balance to assure US dominance in strike and air superiority?”

Joint Airpower TransformationJoint Airpower Transformation

1997 Matrix: Old Strategy1997 Matrix: Old Strategy• Fighter modernization for

joint air component is circa 1997

• Predates September 11 and Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Noble Eagle

• Platform-focused• Hedges new operational

concepts with traditional degree of service mission overlap

– Unique capabilities embedded

Inventory Reduction

Major Theater Wars

Platforms Service Roles and Missions

A New MatrixA New Matrix1-4-2-11-4-2-1

Near-TermThreats

Homeland Security +

Expeditionary Operations

BattlespaceFusion

Joint and Coalition

Operations

• Deals with threats emerging now

• Prioritizes both homeland security and expeditionary operations

• Evaluates most stressing case for each

• Rates platforms for their ability to advance information dominance

• Assumes joint and coalition operations

– Seamless air component

Transforming Air Dominance

Transforming Air Dominance

Transformation RequirementsTransformation Requirements

Transformation requires a joint strategy to:• Increase survivability• Create a shared battlespace network• Streamline the force and make it more

supportable• Pioneer new operational concepts – from

time-critical targeting to the merger of sensors and shooters

• Meet needs of homeland security andexpeditionary operations



F-22 and the Joint Air ComponentF-22 and the Joint Air Component• Fight and win the joint

campaign• Provide critical new

capabilities for homeland security

• Assure access in heavily defended expeditionary

operations• Build the path to a

survivable network for battlespace fusion

integrating sensors and shooters

AmmoTargetsAmmoTargets

EW/GCI Targets

EW/GCI Targets

POLTargets

POLTargets

Campaign Against key targets…With F-15sCampaign Against key targets…With F-15s

• 30-Day MRC • SWA 2010 Scenario• Thunder Model• Joint Forces


Total Interdiction

Targets

Total Interdiction

Targets

82%more82%more

AmmoTargetsAmmoTargets

EW/GCI Targets

EW/GCI Targets

POLTargets

POLTargets

160%more160%more

68%more68%more

Campaign Against key targets…With F-22sCampaign Against key targets…With F-22s



123%more123%more

Total Interdiction

Targets

Total Interdiction

Targets

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Limited CampaignLimited Campaign

0 1 2 3 4 65 7 8

F-22 (Block 3/4)

Days

Legacy Forces

Swift DefeatSwift Defeat

Source: LMCO

80%80%

25%25%

• F-22 completes 80% in 6 Days

• Legacy Forces complete only 25%

• F-22 completes 80% in 6 Days

• Legacy Forces complete only 25%

From F-15 to F-22From F-15 to F-22•F-15C: Air superiority

•No Combat Losses

•F-15E: Longer range strike; real-time strike

What the F-15 Provides

What the F-15 Provides

What the F-15 Cannot ProvideWhat the F-15 Cannot Provide

•Survivability–Stealth–Supercruise–SEAD

•Logistics– Deployable– Supportable

Combination of Transformation Ingredients

•Battlespace Fusion– Combine information from multiples sources

•Mission network– IFDL tactics in heavily defended airspace

• Integrated Sensors– Radar, electronic intelligence, target discrimination

Payoff of SupercruisePayoff of Supercruise

1

23

4

Signature0.9MSpeed

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Relative Loss Rate(Lower is Better)


SAMsSAMs

Current Fighter

• Altitude: 40,000 ft• EADSIM


12

3

4

Signature0.9MSpeed

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1


Relative Loss Rate(Lower is Better) SAMsSAMs

1.3M

Current Fighter

F-35

F-22

• Only F-22 has the supercruise edge (not F-35)• Altitude: 40,000 ft• EADSIM


12

3

4

Signature0.9M

1.7M

Speed

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1


Relative Loss Rate(Lower is Better) SAMsSAMs

1.3M

Current Fighter

F-35

F-22

• Only F-22 has the supercruise edge (not F-35)• Altitude: 40,000 ft• EADSIM


1 2 3 4Signature0.9M

1.7M

Speed

12

3

4

Signature0.9M

1.7M

Speed

10987654321


Relative Loss Rate(Lower is Better) SAMsSAMs FightersFighters

1.3M

1.3M

Current Fighter

Current Fighter10987654321

• Only F-22 has the supercruise edge (not F-35)• Vital against SAMS and fighters

Homeland SecurityHomeland Security• Homeland security is the

first priority of national security

– Over 300 fighters airborne after September 11

• Counter-air and cruise missile capabilities will be a cornerstone of air dominance at home

“America is no longer protected by vast oceans.” – Pres. Bush, State of the

Union, Jan 02

“America is no longer protected by vast oceans.” – Pres. Bush, State of the

Union, Jan 02

Evolving ThreatEvolving Threat

BallisticMissilesBallisticMissiles

Military AircraftMilitary Aircraft

Cruise MissilesCruise Missiles

AirlinersCommercialCharters

AirlinersCommercialCharters

General AviationGeneral Aviation

Ultra LightsUAVsUltra LightsUAVs

BalloonsBlimpsBalloonsBlimps

“By the end of the decade, land attack cruise missiles could pose a serious threat not only to our deployed forces, but possibly even the US mainland.”– CIADirector Tenet, March 02

“By the end of the decade, land attack cruise missiles could pose a serious threat not only to our deployed forces, but possibly even the US mainland.”– CIADirector Tenet, March 02

Prior FocusPrior Focus

12.9 min462 kts100nmApache

32.4 min462 kts250nmScalp

Time to Impact

Sea level Speed

RangeSystem

New FocusNew Focus

Flat Dash Intercept RadiusFlat Dash Intercept Radius

Scalp: 250nm Scalp: 250nm

110 nm @ Mach 1.5110 nm @ Mach 1.5 F-15C: Intercept Fails

F-15C: Intercept Fails

218 nm @ Mach 1.5218 nm @ Mach 1.5

15.1 min15.1 min

32.4 min32.4 min

7.6 min7.6 min

Flat Dash Intercept RadiusFlat Dash Intercept Radius



150 nm150 nm

Apache: 100nm Apache: 100nm

12.9 min12.9 min

150 nm150 nm

10.4 min10.4 min16.5 min16.5 min

Air Sovereignty Alert: Suspicious Aircraft Visual IdentificationAir Sovereignty Alert: Suspicious Aircraft Visual Identification

150 nm

150 nm

10.4 min

16.5 min

• F-22 can position for VID in two-thirds the time• Arrive on scene with fuel to spare• F-22 can position for VID in two-thirds the time• Arrive on scene with fuel to spare

• Response times are critical to air sovereignty

• Tragically, the Sept 11 hijackings of AA 11 and UA 175 took only 45 minutes time of flight

2

2,1

1,2

3

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

111

12

12

22,1

2 2

1

21

21

2

3

1,1

2

2

2

3 1 1

2

2

2

1

2

2

1

22

221 1

22

1,1

2,121 1,2

1

12 1

2,1 2

111

Critical InfrastructureCritical Infrastructure

Operating Nuclear Reactor at that Site

All Reactor(s) at this site have been shut down but nuclear materials are still present

Reactor(s) have been fully decommissioned

Suspended Reactor Site

Flight Paths Unknown at Launch





Critical Infrastructure: Nuclear Power PlantsCritical Infrastructure: Nuclear Power Plants

2

2,1

1,2

3

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

111

12

12

22,1

2 2

1

21

21

2

3

1,1

2

2

2

3 1 1

2

2

2

1

2

2

1

22

221 1

22

1,1

2,121 1,2

1

12 1

2,1 2

111• CAP= 2 F-15s; 110

nm radius; 4 hour on-station• 12 F-15s/CAP/24/7• 28 CAPS

• CAP= 2 F-15s; 110 nm radius; 4 hour on-station• 12 F-15s/CAP/24/7• 28 CAPS

336 F-15s7

8

13





Critical Infrastructure: Nuclear Power PlantsCritical Infrastructure: Nuclear Power Plants

2

2,1

1,2

3

2

2

1

1

1

1

2

111

12

12

22,1

2 2

1

21

21

2

3

1,1

2

2

2

3 1 1

2

2

2

1

2

2

1

22

221 1

22

1,1

2,121 1,2

1

12 1

2,1 2

111

3

4

7



168 F-22s

• Aircraft or next generation cruise missiles with WMD warheads will jeopardize deployed joint forces

• F-22 required for intercept

• Protect ports, cities, bases, people

493 nm443 s+ 50 @ 1.5

F-22 Intercept RadiusF-22 Intercept Radius

ubsonic

300 nm250 subsonic + 50 @ 1.5

493 nm443 subsonic + 50 @ 1.5

300 nm250 subsonic + 50 @ 1.5

2020: All Azimuth Threat2020: All Azimuth Threat• By 2020,

cruise missiles will threaten overseas bases from multiple axes of attack

• F-22 needed for coverage

• By 2020, cruise missiles will threaten overseas bases from multiple axes of attack

• F-22 needed for coverage

Peer CompetitorPeer Competitor50Su-30

Su-27

J-8a/e

OtherAirToAir

OtherAirTo

Gnd

200

250

700

1500

2700Fighters

• F-22s provide air cover and lethal SEAD for B-2 strike


300 nm250 subsonic + 50 @ 1.5

493 nm443 subsonic + 50 @ 1.5

• PRC: 250+ advanced fighters (Su-27 and Su-30 with AA-12 missiles)

• Volume of fighter and SAM coverage; blue fighters run out of missiles

• PRC: 250+ advanced fighters (Su-27 and Su-30 with AA-12 missiles)

• Volume of fighter and SAM coverage; blue fighters run out of missiles

Peer Competitor: B-2 EscortPeer Competitor: B-2 Escort50Su-30

Su-27

J-8a/e

OtherAirToAir

OtherAirTo

Gnd

200

250

700

1500

2700Fighters



300 nm250 subsonic + 50 @ 1.5

493 nm443 subsonic + 50 @ 1.5

1.0

9Relative

Aim-points Hit by

B-2

NoF-22

With F-22 Escort

B-2: 9x

More

F-22 Penetrating C4ISRF-22 Penetrating C4ISR

Today’s NetworkToday’s Network

• ACE• CAOC• ACE• CAOC

StealthStealthStrikeStrike

Air ControlAir Control

Compass Call

• Commjammers •EA-6B • F-16CJ HARM Shooter

DefenseDefense

BattleManagersBattleManagers

• AWACS• Rivet Joint• ABCCC

Command and ControlCommand and Control

Tankers andAirliftTankers andAirlift

SensorsSensors • Satellites• Recce• UAVs• FACs

SEADSEAD

Today’s NetworkToday’s Network

• ACE• CAOC• ACE• CAOC

StealthStealthStrikeStrike

Air ControlAir Control

Compass Call

• Commjammers •EA-6B • F-16CJ HARM Shooter

DefenseDefense

BattleManagersBattleManagers

• AWACS• Rivet Joint• ABCCC

Command and ControlCommand and Control

Tankers andAirliftTankers andAirlift

SensorsSensors • Satellites• Recce• UAVs• FACs

SEADSEAD

“Never build an airplane that’s single purpose ever again” -- SecAF Roche

“Never build an airplane that’s single purpose ever again” -- SecAF Roche

Vietnam-era design

Vietnam-era design

LDHD forceLDHD force

F-22 Integrated Avionics

SU27080/3135.6 FT

SU27080/3135.6 FT

1.3M1305Vc

E

N S

40

20

100415T 49.0

+2o-4o

Displays

F-22 Integrated Avionics

Radar

Passive RFSensors Controls &

Displays

Communications,Navigation,

Identification (CNI)

Electro-Optical(MLD) Sensors

CommonFiber OpticInterfaces Common IntegratedProcessors (CIPs)

High Speed (Optical) Data Bus

Mass Memory &Data Transfer Unit

(DTU)

Battlespace FusionBattlespace Fusion• In Flight Datalink fuses

and displays data– Low Probability of

Intercept (LPI) radar

• Creates fighter “local area network”– Secure and Stealthy– Line of sight– Low probability of

exploitation

NetworkNetwork

ISR

IFDL Net

• F-22 IFDL forms tactical network reaching into heavily defended airspace

• Job one: ISR sweep to characterize battlespace

• F-22 IFDL forms tactical network reaching into heavily defended airspace

• Job one: ISR sweep to characterize battlespace

NetworkNetwork

JDAM Strike

Red Cruise Missile

Red Fighter

ISR

IFDL Net

• F-22s evaluate battlespaceand pass shot decision information

• Counter red cruise missiles and fighters

• JDAM on coordinates

• F-22s evaluate battlespaceand pass shot decision information

• Counter red cruise missiles and fighters

• JDAM on coordinates

NetworkNetwork

JDAM Strike

Red Cruise Missile

Red Fighter

SEAD

ISR

IFDL Net

• F-22s attack SAM sites

• F-22s attack SAM sites

SEAD

NetworkNetwork

JDAM Strike

Red Cruise Missile

Red Fighter

SEAD

ISR

IFDL Net

• Battlespacenetwork permits flexible mission tactics

• Enhanced support for other platforms

• Architecture for future F-35, UAVs

• Battlespacenetwork permits flexible mission tactics

• Enhanced support for other platforms

• Architecture for future F-35, UAVs

SEAD

Battlespace Fusion: Building BlockBattlespace Fusion: Building Block• F-22 is first platform with

survivable, advanced sensor integration

• Building block of pre-2010 network

• F-22 serves as fielded prototype for experimentation and tactical development of wider air combat network

• Without robust F-22, penetrating battlespace fusion is not possible

• Distributed• Multi-role• Collaborative• Survivable

How Many F-22s?How Many F-22s?

F-22 Tasking: Future?F-22 Tasking: Future?

• Scenario 2• 144 F-22s

– 6 AEFs @ 24 PAA

• CONR Homeland Security

• 168 CAP fighters

• Alert (AK/HI)

24 168 96

144

Decisive defeat


– 4 AEFs @ 24 PAA

Swift defeat

~432 Combat-coded air dominance fighters

How Many F-22s?How Many F-22s?

13+503260240382

2.06+122601204807621.55654590360560

0.8 (20 acft)2++6026512023390.4 (15 acft)1+211529115180

Squadrons per AEF (24 acft)

WingsTest and Attrition

Backup Inventory

TrainingCombat Coded

Total Buy

• SECAF: May look at buying 500

• ACC/XP: Requirement is 2.0 squadrons per AEF

• AF/XOR: 1 squadron per AEF is “bare bones”; preferred is 1.5 squadrons per AEF

• QDR 97 said: “This decision will provide 3 wings of this stealth air supremacy platform”

~500~500~762~762~560~560~380~380

514611Active

98126Guard

612736Total

PAIInventoryF-15sAll F-15s

todayAll F-15s

today

F-22 Tasking: Future?F-22 Tasking: Future?


– 6 AEFs @ 24 PAA

• CONR Homeland Security

• 168 CAP fighters

• Alert (AK/HI)

24

~432 Combat-coded air dominance fighters

168 96

144

Decisive defeat


– 4 AEFs @ 24 PAA

Swift defeat

The Importance of Being Flexible

Average: Every 1.7

Years

Average: Every 1.7

Years

USAF Combat Controller with Northern Alliance

19891989 19911991 19951995 19961996 19981998 19991999 20012001 2011201120052005

DeliberateForce

Desert StormAllied Force

EnduringFreedom

B-2 IOC B-2 Combat

Irbil

?Desert Fox

PanamaF-22 IOC

• Frequent operations• Most advanced systems

employed heavily

F-35 IOC

F-22 technology development and risk reduction flow to F-35

Advanced LO Materials and Manufacturing

Radar

F119/F120 Engine Development

Integrated avionics

Concept development: Networked air combat

F-22 and F-35: PartnershipF-22 and F-35: Partnership

Unique F-22 Capabilities

F-35 System Development

“We think we have a truly transformational system here.” -- General Jumper, July 2002

Airpower Transformed WarfareFor the 21st Century…Fighter Transformation?The Importance of Being FlexibleJoint Airpower Transformation1997 Matrix: Old StrategyA New MatrixTransforming Air DominanceTransformation RequirementsF-22 and the Joint Air ComponentCampaign Against key targets…With F-15sCampaign Against key targets…With F-22sFrom F-15 to F-22Payoff of SupercruisePayoff of SupercruisePayoff of SupercruisePayoff of SupercruiseHomeland SecurityEvolving ThreatFlat Dash Intercept RadiusFlat Dash Intercept RadiusAir Sovereignty Alert: Suspicious Aircraft Visual IdentificationCritical InfrastructureCritical Infrastructure: Nuclear Power PlantsCritical Infrastructure: Nuclear Power PlantsF-22 Intercept Radius2020: All Azimuth ThreatPeer CompetitorPeer Competitor: B-2 EscortF-22 Penetrating C4ISRToday’s NetworkToday’s NetworkF-22 Integrated AvionicsBattlespace FusionNetworkNetworkNetworkNetworkBattlespace Fusion: Building BlockHow Many F-22s?F-22 Tasking: Future?How Many F-22s?F-22 Tasking: Future?The Importance of Being FlexibleF-22 and F-35: Partnership

Transformation - Air Force Associationsecure.afa.org/media/scripts/grant.pdf · 2003. 5. 22. ·...

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Transcript of Transformation - Air Force Associationsecure.afa.org/media/scripts/grant.pdf · 2003. 5. 22. ·...