Transcultural Learning and Understanding

8/6/2019 Transcultural Learning and Understanding

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Globalization and Postmodern

Values

Inglehart, Ronald.

The Washington Quarterly,

Volume 23, Number 1, Winter

2000, pp. 215-228


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World Values Survey

The World Values Survey is a global research project that

explores peoples values and beliefs, how they change over time

and what social and political impact they have. It is carried out bya worldwide network of social scientists who, since 1981, have

conducted representative national surveys in almost 100

countries. The WVS is the only source of empirical data on

attitudes covering a majority of the worlds population (nearly

90%).

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


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The transition from industrial society to knowledge society is

linked to a shiftfrom survival to self-expression values.


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Survival values place emphasis on economic and physical security.It is linked with a relatively ethnocentric outlook and low levels of

trust and tolerance.

Self-expression values give high priority to environmental

protection, growing tolerance of foreigners, gays and lesbians and

gender equality, and rising demands for participation in decision-

making in economic and political life.


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In contrast, industrialization brought a shift

from traditional to secular values.


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Traditional values emphasize the importance of religion, parent-child

ties, deference to authority and traditional family values. People who

embrace these values also reject divorce, abortion, euthanasia and

suicide. These societies have high levels of national pride and a

nationalistic outlook.

Secular values have the opposite preferences to the traditional

values. These societies place less emphasis on religion, authority,

traditional family values and authority. Divorce, abortion, euthanasia

and suicide are seen as relatively acceptable.


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SecularizationFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Secularisation is the transformation of a society from close

identification with religious values and institutions toward

non-religious (or "irreligious") values and secular institutions.


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Fundamentalism is a reaction to secularism!

Fundamentalists commonly believe that their way

of life and treasured truths are under attack by the

forces of secularism and liberalism. They think

that they are rescuing religious identity from

absorption into post-modernism and secularism.


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Cultural contact is always accompanied by cultural flow.


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So, if A denotes the secularist and

B = not A the fundamentalist position

=>

liberalism maintains a contradictory

A as well as not A = B


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TransculturationFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Transculturation encompasses more than transition from one

culture to another; it does not consist merely of acquiring another

culture (acculturation) or of losing or uprooting a previous culture

(deculturation). Rather, it merges these concepts and additionally

carries the idea of the consequent creation of new cultural

phenomena (neoculturation) ...


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... to each life-mode there corresponds a specific conceptual

universe quite distinct from those of other life-modes. ... Hence, it

appears as if the bearers of the different life-modes, without any

possibility to understand the positions of the other contendersfrom inside, are constantly struggling to maintain, re-establish or

create in new forms the conditions of possibility of their own life-

modes. This process we shall callneoculturation.

TextThomas Hjrup: State, Culture and Life-Modes, p 27


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In this process of neoculturation, people in different life-modes do

not pursue the same goals. In fact, one can hardly even claim that

they speak the same language, considering that linguisticexpressions referring to relevant aspects of everyday life have

entirely different meanings for people in the different modes. The

difficulties encountered with concepts such as work, family,

freedom, etc. , have already shown that such key words are usedby different segments of the population to express radically

different cultural ideas. As was shown, these differences in usage

derive from the fundamental differences in the way life-modes

organise everday life. Seemingly univeral concepts such as work

- concepts that we all believe that everybody understands in thesame way - are in fact not at all universal.

Thomas Hjrup: State, Culture and Life-Modes, p 27


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Western Margiis also live in own life-modes:

Being embedded in intercultural families,

being involved in a cultural transfer of deep

structures (values, thought patterns, religious

beliefs and ethics),

being the proponents of an indian missionary

movement.

Consequently, we are in a constant process of

neoculturation.


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So, with

A (affirmation), A (negation),

A A (both),

(A A) (neither),

secularism maintains a simple A,

fundamentalism an antithetical A,

liberalism a historically driving A A,

transculturism a synthetical (A A).


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Intercultural competence


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A balance, situatively adapted, between four parts:

1. knowledge (about other cultures, people, nations, behaviors ...)

2. empathy(understanding feelings and needs of other people)

3. self-confidence andemotional stability

4. Cultural identity (knowledge about one's own culture)

Intercultural competenceFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


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sattva Guna => empathy


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balanced Cakras => a balanced mind


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The terranean plexus:

1. dharma [psycho-spiritual longing]

2. artha [psychic longing]

3. ka'ma [physical longing]

4. moks'a [spiritual longing]

Plexi and Microvita. Sarkar, P.R.: Microvita in a Nutshell, 3rd ed. (AM Publications, 1991)


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The fluidal plexus:

1. indifference

2. stupor

3. indulgence

4. lack of trustworthiness

5. annihilation

6. cruelty

T

TTT

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TT


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The igneous plexus:

1. shyness, shame

2. sadistic tendency

3. envy

4. dowsiness, sleepiness

5. melancholia

6. peevishness

7. yearning for acquisition

8. infatuation

9. hatred

10. fear


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The sidereal plexus:

1. hope

2. worry

3. endevour

4. fondness

5. vanity

6. discrimination

7. psychic restlessness

8. ego

9. avarice

10. hypocrisy

11. argumentativeness

12. repentance

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Pandora, John William Waterhouse, 1896


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balanced Cakras => a balanced mind


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With 26 negative Vritties on hand,

the unbalanced mind has an easy job

to derange the intercultural field.


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Cultural Transfer or Cultural Imperialism?

Cultures are characterized by both

universality and particularity.

The formerprovides a foundation and guarantee for

intercultural communication, while the

latter often leads to a negative cultural

transfer ...

On Negative Cultural Transfer in Communication Between Chinese and Americans. Xiaohong Wei: Journal of Intercultural Communication,No 21 (2009)

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The positive Vritties:

1. hope

3. endevour

4. fondness

6. discrimination

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You are never alone or helpless.

The force that guides the stars guides you too.

Shrii Shrii Anandamurti


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A balance, situatively adapted, between four parts:

1. knowledge (about other cultures, people, nations, behaviors ...)

2. empathy (understanding feelings and needs of other people)

3. self-confidence and emotional stability

4. Cultural identity(knowledge about one's own culture)

Intercultural competence

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Transcultural Learning and Understanding

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