Transcu Assignment

8/10/2019 Transcu Assignment

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Noraleen B. Cuenca January 10, 2015

Transcultural Nursing

Activity 1.0

Cultural Competency

Culture is often described as the cobination of a body of !no"ledge, a body ofbelief and a body of behavior. #t involves a nuber of eleents, including $ersonal

identification, language, thoughts, counications, actions, custos, beliefs, values,

and institutions that are often s$ecific to ethnic, racial, religious, geogra$hic, or social

grou$s. Culture has al"ays been a $art of huan society it defines each individual,

regarding their roots, anners, beliefs and everything that ostly affect $eo$le. Culture%s

definition varies, e&a$le of "hich, is defined by 'erria (ebster%s dictionary as )the

beliefs, custos, arts, of a $articular society, grou$, $lace or tie*, others define culture

as )the +uality in a $erson or society that arises fro a concern for "hat is regarded as

e&cellent in arts, letters, anners, and scholarly su$$orts, "hether "e li!e or not "e are

defined by our o"n each individual culture, on "hich "e gre" u$ u$on.

aving different or siilar beliefs is the +uintessence of culture, it defines "ho "e

are, ay be fro our $arents, fro our society "e live in or fro the school on "here "e

learned our first lessons in life, culture is $assed fro one generation to another, it is

$arallel "ith tie. As nurses "e deal "ith different $eo$le, different races, educational

and socioeconoic bac!ground, ergo carrying "ith it are different culture that "e

encounter as "e go on our daily shift. -or the $rovider of health inforation or health

care, these eleents influence beliefs and belief systes surrounding health, healing,

"ellness, illness, disease, and delivery of health services. The conce$t of cultural

co$etency has a $ositive effect on $atient care delivery by enabling $roviders to deliver

services that are res$ectful of and res$onsive to the health beliefs, $ractices and cultural

and linguistic needs of diverse $atients.

Cultural co$etency is critical to reducing health dis$arities and i$roving

access to high+uality health care, health care that is res$ectful of and res$onsive to the

needs of diverse $atients. (hen develo$ed and i$leented as a frae"or!, cultural

co$etence enables systes, agencies, and grou$s of $rofessionals to function

effectively to understand the needs of grou$s accessing health inforation and health

care/or $artici$ating in researchin an inclusive $artnershi$ "here the $rovider and the

user of the inforation eet on coon ground. To be culturally co$etent the nurse

needs to understand hisher o"n "orld vie"s and those of the $atient, "hile avoiding

stereoty$ing and isa$$lication of scientific !no"ledge. Cultural co$etence isobtaining cultural inforation and then a$$lying that !no"ledge. This cultural a"areness

allo"s you to see the entire $icture and i$roves the +uality of care and health

outcoes. Ada$ting to different cultural beliefs and $ractices re+uires fle&ibility and a

res$ect for others vie" $oints. Cultural co$etence eans to really listen to the $atient,

to find out and learn about the $atients beliefs of health and illness. To $rovide culturally

a$$ro$riate care "e need to !no" and to understand culturally influenced health

behaviors.


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ince the $erce$tion of illness and disease and their causes varies by culture,

these individual $references affect the a$$roaches to health care. Culture also

influences ho" $eo$le see! health care and ho" they behave to"ard health care

$roviders. o" "e care for $atients and ho" $atients res$ond to this care is greatly

influenced by culture. ealth care $roviders ust $ossess the ability and !no"ledge tocounicate and to understand health behaviors influenced by culture. aving this

ability and !no"ledge can eliinate barriers to the delivery of health care. These issues

sho" the need for health care organi3ations to develo$ $olicies, $ractices and

$rocedures to deliver culturally co$etent care.

Cross, T., Ba3ron, B., 4ennis, ., and #saacs, '. 617879 list five essential

eleents that contribute to an institution%s or agency%s ability to becoe ore culturally

co$etent. These include:

1. valuing diversity;

2. having the ca$acity for cultural selfassessent;

?..

'eyer C>.6177@9 describes four aor challenges for $roviders and cultural

co$etency in healthcare. The first is the straightfor"ard challenge of recogni3ing

clinical differences aong $eo$le of different ethnic and racial grou$s 6eg, higher ris! of

hy$ertension in African Aericans and of diabetes in certain Native Aerican grou$s9.

The second, and far ore co$licated, challenge is counication. This deals "ith

everything fro the need for inter$reters to nuances of "ords in various languages.

'any $atients, even in (estern cultures, are reluctant to tal! about $ersonal atters

such as se&ual activity or cheical use. o" do "e overcoe this challenge aong

ore restricted cultures 6as co$ared to ours9 oe $atients ay not have or are

reluctant to use tele$hones. (e need to $lan for these ty$es of obstacles. The third

challenge is ethics. (hile (estern edicine is aong the best in the "orld, "e do not

have all the ans"ers. >es$ect for the belief systes of others and the effects of those


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beliefs on "ellbeing are critically i$ortant to co$etent care. The final challenge

involves trust. -or soe $atients, authority figures are iediately istrusted,

soeties for good reason. aving seen or been victis of atrocities at the hands of

authorities in their hoelands, any $eo$le are as "ary of caregivers theselves as

they are of the care as individuals, nurses and health care $roviders, "e need to learn to

as! +uestions sensitively and to sho" res$ect for different cultural beliefs. 'osti$ortant, "e ust listen to our $atients carefully. The ain source of $robles in caring

for $atients fro diverse cultural bac!grounds is the lac! of understanding and

tolerance. ery often, neither the nurse nor the $atient understands the others

$ers$ective.


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Noraleen B. Cuenca January 2=, 2015


Activity


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Social Orientation.Cultural behavior, or ho" one acts in certain situations, is

socially ac+uired, not genetically inherited. Datterns of cultural behavior arelearned through a $rocess called enculturation 6also referred to as sociali3ation9,"hich involves ac+uiring !no"ledge and internali3ing values. 'ost $eo$leachieve co$etence in their o"n culture through enculturation. Co$onents ofsocial organi3ation often vary by culture and differences ay be observed in

"hat constitutes one%s understanding of culture, race, ethnicity, faily role andfunction, "or!, leisure, church, and friends in daytoday life. ?ach individual hastheir o"n behavior and $ractices $assed to the by each generation to the ne&tthis things ust be res$ected and the nurse ust ensure that the $atient has thefreedo to carry out or $erfor such $ractices to elevate sense of autonoy ofthe $atient and to enhance trust.

Time.Tie has t"o distinct, though related, eanings. The first eaning is that

of duration, "hich is an interval of tie. The second eaning is that of s$ecifiedinstances, or $oints in tie. These t"o eanings are related because a $oint intie is identified as being the end of a tie interval that starts at an arbitrary orfi&ed reference $oint, such as the founding of >oe or the birth of Christ.Because of these t"o distinct eaning, Tie is $erceived, easured and valueddifferently across cultures. #n essence, tie is conce$tuali3ed in reference to thelifes$an in ters of gro"th and develo$ents, $erce$tion of tie in relation toduration of events, and tie as an e&ternal entity, outside our control. Allo"ingthe $atient tie is essential, not rushing any res$onse to the $atient "ill not $utthe individual under $ressure. And this "ill allo" the $atient to ta!e tie to thin!about the res$onses heshe ust give to the health care $rovider.

Environmental Control.?nvironental control refers to the ability of an

individual or $ersons fro a $articular cultural grou$ to $lan activities that controlnature. ?nvironental control also refers to the individuals $erce$tion of ability todirect factors in the environent. This definition in itself i$lies that the conce$tof environent is broader than ust the $lace "here an individual resides or"here treatent occurs. #n the ost $ractical sense, the ter environentenco$asses relevant systes and $rocesses that affect individuals. #n thissense, the ter ?nvironent is ore than ust the $lace "here one lives, andinvolves systes and $rocesses that influence and are influenced by individualsand grou$s. #n other "ords, culture sha$es the understanding of ho" individualsand grou$s $erceive environents and ho" they $rocess inforation thisinforation to aintain or restore health. 'a!ing sure that the environent #ani$ulated to ensure that the $atient feels safe and has very "ell ventilated,this "ill a!e the $atient less an&ious encouraging thera$eutic counication.

Biological Variations.#t is a "ell!no"n fact that $eo$le differ culturally. Cultural

differences are evident in counication, s$atial relationshi$s and needs, socialorgani3ations 6faily, !inshi$s, and tribes9, tie orientation, and ability or desire


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to control the environent. Gess recogni3ed and understood are the biologicaldifferences aong $eo$le in various racial grou$s. #t is becoing ore evident tonurses that a body of scientific !no"ledge does e&ist about biological culturaldifferences. >eferences to and inforation about biocultural differences areushrooing in the literature and have resulted in a field of study !no"n asbiocultural ecology, "hich focuses on huan ada$tation and hoeostasis. The

$ur$ose of biocultural ecology is to transcend the fragentation inherent in these$aration of culture, huan biology, and ecology and the environent.Biocultural ecology is an e&aination of diverse huan $o$ulations by eans ofthis three"ay interaction syste and focuses on s$ecific, locali3ed individualsand $o$ulations "ithin a given environent. -ro the field of biocultural ecologys$rings the $henoenon of biological variations. 4ata relative to all the variablessignificant to $eo$le "ithin a racial grou$ are essential for co$leteunderstanding of the $eo$le. Not only are no t"o $ersons ali!e but also no t"ocultural or racial grou$s are ali!e, and all $henoena relative to both individualsand cultural or racial grou$s ust be understood. The need to understand thebiological variations is necessary in order to avoid generali3ations andstereoty$ing behavior. Biological variations are diensions such as body

structure, body "eight, s!in color, internal biological echaniss such as geneticand en3yatic $redis$osition to certain diseases, drug interactions, andetabolis. ?ach individual is uni+ue in his her o"n "ays, be it caused by theirculture or soething else. This is one as$ect that a health $rovider ust be !eenof the nurse ust ensure that the $atient ust not feel un"elcoe because ofthe difference heshe has than of the society, sense of belongingness andacce$tance ust al"ays be felt by the individual.

II.

(hat are the differences of the Eiger and 4avidhi3er @ cultural $henoena andthe Durnell and Daulan!a 12 doains of culture

The 'odel focuses on assessent and intervention fro a transcultural nursing$ers$ective. #n this odel, the $erson is seen as a uni+ue cultural being influenced byculture, ethnicity, and religion. #n res$onse to the need for a $ractical assessent tool forevaluating cultural variables and their effects on health and illness behaviors, atranscultural assessent odel is offered that greatly inii3es the tie needed toconduct a co$rehensive assessent in an effort to $rovide culturally co$etentcare. The odel has relevance for all healthcare $roviders in diverse environentalconte&ts. (hile the 12 doains are ore s$ecific and is ore centered to the daily livingof each individual and everything surrounding hiher.


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Noraleen B. Cuenca January 1H, 2015


Activity 2.0A?4 neonic by Ca$inhaBacote

4elivering +uality care is not ust a "al! in the $ar!, you go on your clinical duty

adinister edications to your is not as easy as it sounds, and that is not all. There are

any hindrances a nurse can face in giving +uality care during hisher daily shift in thehos$ital. -oreign internationals are not the only ones, "ho -ili$ino nurses have a

difficulty $roviding +uality care; the hindrances are also $resent, even in caring for locals.

These are soe of the hindrances that # find -ili$ino nurses have in $roviding

+uality health care. -irst of "hich is cultural differences, the Dhili$$ines an archi$elago

that is filled "ith any culture, each is different fro the other. Ganguage,

counication $roble eru$ts "hen the $atient and the nurse s$ea! different tongues,

religion is also one of the ost coon $roble nurses face, this becoes a $roble

"hen the $atient is against the edications and interventions given to hi, because it is

strictly $rohibited by hisher religion. Eender bias, soe $atients $refer ale nurses overfeale ones, and others $refer the other "ay around. These are soe of the $robles

that are very observable; other $robles cannot al"ays be identifiable during the first

interaction. 'e also had a fair share of dealing "ith this hindrances, "hile # "as on duty

# had a $atient that "as scheduled for blood transfusion, but the $atient%s religion is very

uch against it, nevertheless the $atient "as in dire need of blood, as a nurse # had this

confusion and ethical dilea running through y ind, the coon +uestion usually,

you as! yourself "hat "ould do, norally you "ould res$ect the $atients decision, but


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also you "ould as! you are the e$itoe of life, you have s"ear to an oath to save lives

at all costs, this e&$erience is very coon in the hos$ital setting. The other e&$erience

# had is al"ays the $roble, counication barrier. Fnderstanding each other is very

difficult, "hen the $atient you%re ta!ing care of s$ea!s a different language that you are

not failiar "ith. Nonetheless you have to ta!e care of your $atient and $rovide the

+uality care heshe deserves, counicating "ithout s$ea!ing is very hard, but theseare the e&$eriences that shar$en the s!ills of nurses. 'a!ing us very fle&ible and

versatile, ada$ting to each event and innovating to $rovide the +uality care "e s"ore to

$rovide to each of our $atients. There are also tools that can hel$ you, on ho" to deal

"ith these hindrances li!e the A?4 neonic created by Ca$inhaBacote and its

stands for A"areness !ill no"ledge ?ncounters 4esire; this tools hel$s to $rovide a

guide to forulate your o"n +uestions and to for yourself to $rovide the ans"er and to

have a better understanding on ho" to deal "ith these hindrances.


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