Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??
-
Upload
camilla-kerry-king -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??
![Page 1: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Transcription and Translation:
What does a cell (or organism) do with its
genes??
![Page 2: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Structure of a DNA Molecule:
![Page 3: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DNA, Genes, and DNA, Genes, and ChromosomesChromosomes
![Page 4: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What Does a Gene Do?What Does a Gene Do?
![Page 5: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Getting From a Gene to a Protein Occurs in 2 Steps:
1.TRANSCRIPTION:
transcribing DNA into RNA
2. TRANSLATION:
translating RNA into an amino acid sequence (protein)
![Page 6: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
So What Is RNA?So What Is RNA?
![Page 7: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TranscriptTranscription & ion &
TranslatioTranslation n
OverviewOverview
![Page 8: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
TranscriptionTranscription
![Page 9: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Now Now What?What?
We need a decoder We need a decoder ring!ring!
![Page 10: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
In order to translate DNA
(RNA) you must first crack the
genetic “code”!
The genetic code is a triplet code in which a group of
three bases (codon) of a
DNA molecule code for a
particular amino acid.
![Page 11: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Reading the Genetic Code:
Note that the code is sometimes
redundant, but never ambiguous.
It is also (nearly) universal, allowing for DNA from one species to function
in another!
![Page 12: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Arabidopsis thaliana C24 wild type (left) and transformed (GFP; right)
Tobacco plant expressing a firefly gene (luciferase)
Herman, at right, makes the human milk protein, lactoferrin, which is an antibacterial protein
that can be used to treat immunosuppressed patients and could be incorporated into infant
formula.
![Page 13: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
From From mRNA to mRNA to ProteinProtein
![Page 14: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Translation: From mRNA to Protein
mRNA is translated by an interpreter, transfer
RNA (tRNA).
tRNA transfers the correct amino acid from
the cytoplasm to a ribosome.
![Page 15: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Translation: From mRNA to Protein
The ribosome adds amino acids to the growing end of a
polypeptide chain.
![Page 16: Transcription and Translation: What does a cell (or organism) do with its genes??](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051622/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8a994/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Understanding Understanding Transcription and Transcription and Translation Allows Translation Allows You to Predict the You to Predict the
Effect of Effect of Mutations!Mutations!