Transboundary Water Cooperation in the Orange Senqu River Basin
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Transcript of Transboundary Water Cooperation in the Orange Senqu River Basin
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Workshop on Transboundary Water
Management: Orange Senqu and Zambezi
Basins. Johannesburg. 29th and 30th April 2014.
Transboundary Water Cooperation in the Orange Senqu River
Basin.
by Lenka Thamae, Executive Secretary, Orange-Senqu River Commission
(ORASECOM)
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
1. Basin Area : 1
million sq km.
2. Rainfall : 1800mm
in Lesotho
highlands to 45mm
at River mouth.
3. Population: 19
million (Earle et al.
2004).
4. Average annual
natural runoff :
12,000 mill. cub.
metres (quote
flood and drought
flows as well) less
than half of the
flow reaches the
river mouth on the
Atlantic Ocean.
5. Basin States:
Botswana, Lesotho,
Namibia and South
Africa.
Basin StatisticsBasin StatisticsBasin StatisticsBasin Statistics
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
Orange-Senqu sources in highlands of Lesotho at around 3000 metres
above mean sea level (alpine wetlands “sponges”) – very important for
sustaining flows especially in dry season and during drought periods.
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
Degradation of highland wetlands due to inappropriate land
management practices
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
09-Jun-14
Dry river bed on Molopo catchment - north west
part of the Orange Senqu River Basin
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Confluence of Vaal and Orange-Senqu
Rivers
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09-Jun-14
The River Mouth along the border between Namibia and South
Africa has been declared a Ramsar Site on both sides of the
border.
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
Sasol Petrochemical Plant Secunda
Produces >30% of SA’s Petrol/Diesel from coal
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
Commercial Irrigation and
Hydropower generation are
some of the main developments
in the river basin.
09-Jun-14
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
Thank YouThank You
Export grapes AussenkehrNamibia
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Basin Challenges
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Basin Challenges – Water Stress
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Climate Climate Climate Climate –––– temperature changetemperature changetemperature changetemperature change
14
By 2050
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Climate Climate Climate Climate –––– precipitation changeprecipitation changeprecipitation changeprecipitation change
15
By 2050
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Changes in AgricultureChanges in AgricultureChanges in AgricultureChanges in Agriculture
16
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TRANSBOUNDARY WATER
COOPERATION IN THE ORANGE SENQU
RIVER BASIN
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1975
2000
Botswana
Lesotho
Namibia
South Africa
Joint Permanent
Technical
Committee
1983
Joint Permanent
Technical Commission
1986
Joint Technical
Commission
1987
Joint Permanent
Water Committee
1990
Permanent Water
Commission & Joint
Irrigation Authority
1992
Lesotho Highlands
Water Commission
1999
Joint
Technical
Committee
1978
History of Trans-boundary Cooperation in
the Orange-Senqu Basin ( … LHWP Phase II
and the Botswana, Lesotho, South Africa MOU)
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The Orange-Senqu River Commission
(Est. 2000)
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ORASECOM Institutional Structure
Task Teams: technical, legal, communications, finance, hydrogeology.
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Institutional
establishment
Situation
Assessment
Specific
Studies
Future
Development
Scenarios
Management
Response
Options
Basin-level
IWRM Plan
ImplementationMonitoring &
Review
Sub-basin
Plans
Institutional
Common
understanding
Future scenarios
Strategy
formulation
Implementation
and Monitoring
Delivery Schematic
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
Lesotho Highlands Phase 2 MAP 032Lesotho Highlands Phase 2 MAP 03237km
4.5mØ
40m3/s
46km
4.4mØ
5.6km
3.8mØ
32km
4.4mØ
33 m3/s
38km
5mØ
16 m3/s
Mohale
145m h
Katse 185mPolihali 164m
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
(Katse dam: Central collection point for transfer of water to South Africa (Gauteng).
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Katse Tunnel (85km @ 4.5m Diameter)Katse Tunnel (85km @ 4.5m Diameter)
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DWAF (May 2006)
RUSTENBURG
25
Bloemhof Dam
Vaal Dam
Vaal Barrage
Proposed Polihali Dam
Katse
Mohale
Orange River System
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
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Irrigation Efficiency RSA/Namibia (water conservation, stakeholder participation, climate change)
• Noordoever-Vioolsdrift Joint Irrigation Authority, Namibia and South Africa
• Water conservation and demand management, water quality issues
• Survey: water requirements, crops, areas and irrigation systems
• Field tests of irrigation efficiency
• Technical training workshops with farmers
• Review of applicable best practices
• Installation of equipment (soil moisture probes, meteorology station, flow meters)
• On line display of quasi real time data
• Drafting of Water Management Plan with JIA.
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Emfuleni Water Conservation Project
(PPP, Demand Management, Climate Adaptation, Stakeholder
Participation)
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Reflections
• In the Orange Senqu basin where options for new infrastructure
are limited focus on optimising operation efficiency including
joint operation of infrastructure and WC/DM are key.
• RBOs need to build and maintain robust operational and
monitoring systems (governance and field level) to maintain
complementary function to individual State structures.
• Exploring innovative partnerships and continuing to leverage
funding for priority programmatic areas remains an ongoing effort.
• Given the uncertainty faced as result of growing demand and
climate change, alignment of planning time horizons by states
sharing a transboundary river is critical and underpins joint action
at basin level.
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ORASECOMBOTS
WANA LESO
THO
NAMIB
IA SOUTH A
FRICA
ORANGE - S
ENQU RIVER CO
MMISSION
Established 2000
Thank you.
www.orasecom.org
Thank you.
www.orasecom.org