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Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power

Franz Trieb

Synergistic Supergrid Conference, London, January 19-21, 2010

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Trans-Mediterranean High Voltage Direct Current Electricity Grid:Interstate Highways for Renewable Electricity in EUMENA

www.desertec.org

EUMENA:EuropeMiddle EastNorth Africa

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Studies:

Assessment of the renewable energy potential forthe sustainable supply of electricity and water in 50 countries of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa taking into consideration the option of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP).

TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSPMED-CSPMED-CSP AQUA-CSPAQUA-CSP

www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp

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Portfolio of Energy Sources for Electricity:

Coal, Lignite Oil, Gas Nuclear Fission, Fusion Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Geothermal Power (Hot Dry Rock) Biomass HydropowerWind Power PhotovoltaicWave / Tidal

ideally storedprimary energy

fluctuatingprimaryenergy

storable primaryenergy

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• spinning reserve

• firm capacity,power on demand

• combined generation of process heat for cooling,industry, desalination, etc.

Fuel

Thermal Power Cycle (e.g. Steam

Turbine)

Process Heat

Electricity

Principle of a Conventional Thermal Power Plant

Concentrating Solar Collector Field (Mirrors)

Solar Heat

Thermal Energy Storage

• concentrated, easily storable solar thermalenergy as fuel saver

Principle of a Concentrating Solar Thermal Power Plant

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ANDASOL, Guadix, SpainCapacity 2 x 50 MWelStorage 2 x 1000 MWhth

www.solarmillennium.de

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Renewable Energy Technologies

Hydropower

Tides

Waves Wind PowerPhotovoltaic

Geothermal

ConcentratingSolar Power Biomass

http://www.erneuerbare-energien.de/inhalt/36983/35338/

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Biomass (0-1)

Wind Energy (5-50)

Geothermal (0-1)

Hydropower (0-50)

Solar (10-250)

Max

Min

Electricity Yield in GWh/km²/y

Renewable Electricity Potential in Europe, Middle East & North Africa

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0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Potentials Demand 2000 Demand 2050

Elec

trici

ty in

TW

h/y

SolarGeothermalHydroWindBiomassWave/TideDesalinationMENAEurope

Economic Renewable Electricity Potentials vs. Demand in EUMENA

> 630000

How Does a Sustainable Mix Look Like?

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Criteria for Sustainable Electricity Supply:

Inexpensivelow cost no long term subsidies

Secure diversified and redundant supply power on demandinexhaustible resourcesavailable technology

Compatible low pollution climate protectionlow risks for health and environmentfair access

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Electricity Supply in Europe (TRANS-CSP Scenario)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year

Ele

ctric

ity[T

Wh/

y]

Import SolarPhotovoltaicsWindGeothermalHydropowerBiomassWave / TidalCSP PlantsOil GasCoalNuclear

www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp

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Electricity Supply in the Middle East & North Africa

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Year

Ele

ctric

ity[T

Wh/

y]

DesalinationExport SolarPhotovoltaicsWindGeothermalHydropowerBiomassWave / TidalCSP PlantsOil / GasCoalNuclear

www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp

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Installed Capacity vs. Peak Load in EUMENA

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year

Inst

alle

d C

apac

ity [G

W]

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

2400 PhotovoltaicWind PowerGeothermalHydropowerBiomassTidal/WaveCSPOil & GasCoalNuclearFirm CapacityPeak Load

100 % availability plus 25 % reserve capacity

5000 h/a 2000 h/a

Import/ExportDesalination

www.dlr.de/tt/trans-csp

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Firm Power Capacity based on Renewables and Fuel(no fossil or nuclear base load supply)

Hourly Model Germany 2050 (TRANS-CSP)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

25.6. 26.6. 27.6. 28.6. 29.6. 30.6. 1.7.

Pow

er S

uppl

y[G

W]

Combined Heat & Power Domestic Renewables Solar ImportImport & Pump Storage Balancing Power (fossil) Surplus

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Electricity Cost (Example Spain)

4.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.0

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year

Ele

ctric

ityC

ost[

c/kW

h]

TRANS-CSP Mix BaU Mix 2000

€2000, Fuel Cost: IEA / WEO 2005, after 2020 CCS

Investment Phase Profit Phase

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B

Break Even with differentload segments

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Year

Cost of CSP at DNI2400 kWh/m²/a

Average Costwithout CSP

Peak Load Cost

B1

Base Load Cost

B3

Medium Load CostB2

www.dlr.de/tt/csp-finance

Elec

tric

ityC

ost(

$ 201

0/k

Wh)

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Energy, Water,Food, Labor and Income

for further300 Million People in MENA ?

Solar Power & Desalination Plants

HVDC Line

Conventional AC Grid

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Solar Electricity Corridors to Europe: REACCESS

www.dlr.de/tt/csp-resources

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High Voltage Direct Current Transmission in China

Voltage: ± 800.000 VoltPower: 6400 MegawattLength: 2070 kmSource: HydropowerLosses: 7%Setup Time: 2 years

http://www.abb.comhttp://www.siemens.com

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Opportunities

Power on Demand by a Mix of Fluctuating and Balancing Sources

Increased Number of Sources and Supply Regions

Strategy is Based on Proven Technologies

Reduced Pollution and Climate Change

Optimal Land Use (1%) through Diversified Mix

Intrinsic Trend to Lower Cost and Lower Price Volatility

Conflict Prevention Solving Energy and Water Scarcity

Initiating EU-MENA (Energy) Partnership

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Challenges

Requires New Structures and New Thinking (Change of Paradigm)

Requires Long-Term Financing Scheme for Large Infrastructure

Based on International Cooperation and Interdependencies

Higher Complexity than Using Ideally Stored Fossil Energy Sources

More Stakeholders Involved due to Decentralized Generation

Cultural and Political Differences in EUMENA

Lobby Groups Acting Against Each Other

Speed of Environmental Change and Conflict Potentials

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Thank You!

www.dlr.de/desertec