ECOSYTEMS MANAGEMENT Instructor: Assoc. Trương Thanh Cảnh

Topic:

The Valuation of Tram Chim Nation Park’s

Ecosystems Structure

Name: Trần Ngọc Quỳnh

Class: 11BSM3

ID: 1158115

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Contents I) INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................3

II) ECOSYTEMS STRUCTURE ................................................................................................4

1) The national condition ...........................................................................................................4

2) The biodiversity .....................................................................................................................7

2.1 The Animal ..........................................................................................................................7

2.2 The Vegetation ...............................................................................................................9

III) THE VALUATION OF TRAM CHIM NATIONAL PARK ................................................ 15

1) The tourism potential of TCNP............................................................................................ 15

2) The economic values ............................................................................................................ 17

IV) THE PROBLEMS THAT TCNP ARE FACING, WILL FACE IN THE FUTURE AND

THE SOLUTION............................................................................................................................ 19

1) The Problems....................................................................................................................... 19

1.1 ) The encroachment of alien species................................................................................. 19

1.2) The climate change......................................................................................................... 20

1.3) The human activities ....................................................................................................... 21

1.4) The unbalance of the Water level between the dry and rainy season cause fire ................... 22

1.5) Financial budget and professional qualifications.............................................................. 24

2) The solutions........................................................................................................................ 24

2.1) Prevent the inroad of exotic plant- Mimosa ...................................................................... 24

2.2) Minimize the affection of climate change in the diversity ................................................... 25

2.3 ) Control the activities ( especial the illegal exploration) of human .................................... 26

2.4) Create the management of the water level in Tram Chim National Park ............................. 27

2.5) Search and call for investment in technology and labor also ............................................. 29

V) THE CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 29

VI) BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................................................ 30

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I) INTRODUCTION

Tram Chim National Park was

established on December 29th,199,, whose

the geographical locationise 10037 'to 10046'

north latitude, 105 028 'to 105 036' east

longitude. 7313 hectares are a natural area of

this park, which acres in a famous depressed

area - Đồng Tháp Mười of The Viet Nam’s

southwest. The population around the Tràm

Chim National Park is around 50.000 people, including 5 communes: Tân Công Sinh, Phú

Đức, Phú Thọ, Phú Thành and the Tràm Chim Town, Tam Nông District, Đồng Tháp

Province.1

This National Park is one of the most important SUFs (Special Uses Forest) of Viet

Nam because a lot of rare and precious animal or vegetation, especially Sarus Crane which

are in the dangerous and need to conserve.

1 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim Đồng Tháp (unknown). Retrieved 3rd ,January, 2015, from

http://tramchim.com.vn/tong-quan-moi/

4

“ Tram Chim National Park

(7,313 hectares) is one of the last

remnants of the Plain of Reeds wetland

ecosystem, which previously covered

some 700,000 ha of the Mekong Delta

in southwestern Viet Nam” 2. This

National Park became the 4th Ramsar

Site ( the flooding areas where have a

international impacts) of Viet Nam and 2000th of the world . Viet Nam’s three Ramsar

site that were recognized are alluvial estuary (Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh

Province); Bau Sau wetland system (Cat Tien National Park, Dong Nai Province), BA Be

Lake (Bac Can Province).

II) ECOSYTEMS STRUCTURE

1) The national condition

The topography of the national park is flat, slopes slightly to the East with the

highest place is 2,3 meters and the lowest place is 0,4 meters.3

- The Flat Area is 5858 hectares

- The Flooding Area is 152 hectares

- The High Area is 194 hectares

2 Tram Chim National Park (n.d). Retrieved January 15th, 2015 from http://www.ramsar.org/tram-chim-national-park 3 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim ( Unknown). Retrieved January 9th, 2015 from

http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Tr%C3%A0m_ Chim

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The streams and rivers have been replaced by a

system of canals flowing through the national park. Tram

Chim National Park is influenced by hydrological

Mekong Delta, receive water directly from the Mekong

River through irrigation (Hong Ngu-channel Long An,

Dong Tien, An Hoa and Phu Hiep) spill inland and

flooded every year from August to December. The

national Park was seasonally flooded with standing water for continuous periods of up to

seven months per year. At the beginning of the rainy season, water levels in the canals

begin to increase in June. Between September and December, the national park is inundated

to a depth of 2 to 4 m, reach a top in October.4

4,5 Tram Chim National Park (2008). Retrieved January 19 th , 2015 from http://www.vietnam-beauty.com/top-

destinations/vietnam-national-parks-a-nature-reserves/140-tram-chim-national-park.html

The Flat Area94%

The Flooding Area3%

The Hight Area3%

SALES

6

And now, Tram Chim National

Park is divided into five different

administrative regions (A1-A5), each

area is surrounded by a system of

canals and dikes with a total length of

up to 59 kilometers, with the aim of

impounding floodwater for longer as well as reducing the lowering of the water table

during the dry season. The water level inside the national parks are regulated through the

sewer system and outfall located in the surrounding shores.5The temperature always high

and do not change, the average temperature is 27oC, the highest temperature is 37oC and

the lowest is 16oC.

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2) The biodiversity

2.1 The Animal

Tram Chim National Psrk is a residence of more than 130 fish species (has ¼ in a

total of MeKong Delta), 132 species of waterfowl and 32 bird species that all in the Viet

Nam Red Book and the Worl such as: Cairina scutulata,Houbaropsis bengalensis,

Charadrius peronei, Aquila clanga, Anhinga melanogaster, Platalea minor, Pelecanus

philippensis, Mycteria leucocephala, Grus antigone).

Living atmospheres:

Water birds: There are 11 sets; 46 families & 231 species, of which:32 rare species

in the IUCN Red List 2006 Red Data Book of Vietnam; CP 2006 ND 32 (IIB)

CITES (I & II).

Fresh water wetlands42%

Grass Field10%

Flooding forest8%

Channel2%

Combine all38%

THE PERCENTAGE OF ANIMALS BELONG TO PARTICULAR ASMOSTPHERS

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Fisheries: There are 55 species divided into 02 main groups : flat and movement.

Aquatic organisms: There are 185 species of phytoplankton, zooplankton 93

species, 90 species of benthic organisms.

Mammals: Approximately 15 species

Amphibians, reptiles: Approximately 44 species.6

6 Đông vât ( mơi). Retrieved January 14th, 2015 from http://tramchim.com.vn/dong-vat-moi/

Black-necked Stork Bengal Florican

Sarus Crane

Lesser Adjutant

9

2.2 The Vegetation

a) Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus communities)

This kind of community usually occurs in wetlands or the lying areas where almost

flooded all year round (not dry out during the dry season) so it rarely fire.

Nelumbo nucifera is known as

Indian lotus, sacred lotus, and bean of

India.7 The rhizome of the lotus grows

in the mud of ponds or rivers, lakes, its

leaves are floating on the surface of

water, and the body has some little

7 Nelumbo Nucifera ( unknown). Retrieved January 8th , 2015 from

http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=c547

2%11%

12%

37%

1%

37%

THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRAM CHIM'S VEGETATION

Nelumbo nucifera Oryza rufipogon Panicum repens

Eleocharis dulc Ischaemum rugosum Melaleuca cajuputi

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spines. Flowers often grow in the body and raised a few inches to the top of the water ,

usually the lotus tall 1.5 meters high and can raise up to 3 meters.8 Nelumbium Nelumbo -

Nymphaea sp, which are grown mostly in the river bank, has a close relationship with lotus.

Tachybaptus raficollis, Nettapus coromandelianus, mallard (Anas poecilorhyncha),

Hydrophasianus chirurgus, Rallus striatus, Porzana fusca,Anas crecca, Ceryle rudis are

some spices animal which live in this community in Tram Chim National park. This is a

haven for reptiles such as snakes, crabs nails, catfish, perch, and mullet. 9

b) Oryza rufipogon ( Wild paddy communities )

Oryza rufipogon known as brown

beard rice, wild rice and red rice, wild species

from which the cultivated rice, Oryza

sativa, has been domesticated. This kind of

community is the place where is the heaven

for some special birds. Cranes, storks,

cauldron, etc. find their food in Oryza

zreufipogpn community, however they sleep in other communities such as mangrove.

In Tram Chim National Park, Oryza rufipogon has a large distribution place

(around 824 hecta), however the square of the pure paddy is not huge (around 33 hectares),

other squares are the combination between Oryza rufipogon and other vegetation, which

8 Sen Hồng (unknown) Retrieved January 8th ,2015 from http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen_h%E1%BB%93ng 9 Thực vật (mới) ( unknown). Retrieved January 8 th , 2015 from http://tramchim.com.vn/thuc-vat-moi/

11

create a lot of special communities for this wetland : O. rufipogon – Panicum repens (

around 544 hectares); O. rufipogon - Leersia hexandra ( approximately 160 hectares); O.

rufipogon – P. repens – C. dactylon ( around 83 hectares).10

Oryza rufipogon is a unique habitat of seasonal floodplains, the square of this

vegetation decrease sharply. In Tram Chim National Park, it dominates most of the square

(approximately higher than 53 %).

c) Panicum repens (Torpeto grass communities)

Panicum repens is a species of grass known by many common names,

including torpedo grass, creeping panic, panic rampant,couch panicum, wainaku

grass, quack grass, dog-tooth grass, and bullet grass.11This kind of community always

10 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim ( Unknown). Retrieved January 9th, 2015 from http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Tr%C3%A0m_Chim 11 Panicum repens ( unknown) http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Panicum_repens.htm. Retrieved January 9th,2015

4%

66%

20%

10%

Distribution of O.rufipogon

Pure O. rufipogon O. rufipogon – Panicum repens

O. rufipogon - Leersia hexandra O. rufipogon – P. repens – C. dactylon

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appear in some place where have a lot of land with different height, but it dominates in

the high land.

In Tram Chim National Park, Torpedo

grass ( panicum repens) distributes in a wild area

(958,4 hectares) , the percentages of thoroughbred

species density may increase to 98% or combines

to other grass such as : P.repens – Cymbopogon

citratus ( aroung 23 hectares); P. repens – Oryza

rufipogon ( around 268 hectares); P.repens –

Cynodon dactylon ( 50 hectares) ; P.repens – Mimosa pigra ( 86 hectares) – this kind of

Panicum repens community are in the dangers which is abused by Mimosa Pigra.12

Houbaropsis ben galensis, Prinia flaviventris, Alauda gulgula, Saxicola caprata ,

Merops superciliosus, Tyto capensis, Ardeola bacclus, Mycteria leucocephala, Leptoptilos

dubius, Locustella Certhiola are some special birds live in this community.

12 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim ( Unknown). Retrieved January 9th, 2015 from http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Tr%C3%A0m_Chim

5%

63%

12%

20%

Distribution of Panicum Repens

P.repens – Cymbopogon ci tratus P. repens – Oryza rufipogon

P.repens – Cynodon dactylon P.repens – Mimosa pigra

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d) Eleocharis dulcis (water chestnut)

This kind of communities always

appear in some places have a medium

height . Eleocharis dulcis the highest

advantage (45-50%). The community is

the food of typical species such as cranes...

The area of Eleocharis sp. is around 2.968 hetares, which create a huge vegetation

includes Eleocharis atropurpurea – is the place where Grus Antigone find food

(approximately 235 hectares) Eleocharis dulcis (around 1.277 hectares) , and combined to

others species create a new communities : E. atropurpurea – E. dulcis; E. atropurpurea –

P. repens, E. dulcis – P. repens, (937 hectares) ; E. dulcis - P. repens – O.rufipogon (

around 443 hectares) ; E. dulcis - P. repens – C. dactylon ( around 72 hectares).13

The mixed in communities that feature aquatic plants such as Utricularia aurea,

Nymphaea indicum, Ceratophyllum demersum.Common Birds: Grus Antigone, Egretta

gaetta), Pond heron), Anas poecilorhyncha, Pygmy goose coromandelianus, Ardea

purpurea, Ardea cinerea, Ixobrychus sinensis, Caleb trigger.14

13 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim ( Unknown). Retrieved January 9th, 2015 from http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Tr%C3%A0m_Chim 14 Thực vật (mới) ( unknown). Retrieved January 8th , 2015 from http://tramchim.com.vn/thuc-vat-moi/

8%

43%32%

15%2%

The Distribution of Eleocharis dulcis

Eleocharis atropurpurea

Eleocharis dulcis

: E. atropurpurea – E. dulcis; E.

atropurpurea – P. repens, E. dulcis – P. repens,

E. dulcis - P. repens – O.rufipogon

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e) Ischaemum rugosum

“ Ischaemum is a genus of

tropical grasses in the Poaceae family,

with a distribution mainly in the World

tropics of about 65 to 70 species. Many

species are known commonly

as murainagrass” 15. This kind of

community always appear in some place where have a medium in height and Ischaemum

are higher than other species. In some suitbale places, this grass grow thick and its

tributaries create a thick ceiling about 20-50cm above the ground, is tolerance by the body.

In Tram Chim, Ischaemum spp.); occupies a relatively small area compared with

other plant communities, about 41.8 ha., which includes the natural one and communities

Ischaemum spp.- Panicum repens communities. Distribution of major presence on the

wooden strips, berm local high terrain in a lowland area.16

Pharacrocoraxniger, Prinia flaviventris,Ardeola bacclus, Ixobrychus

sinensis,Turnix syluatica, Ardea purpurea, Ardea cinerea,Turnix syluatica, Mycteria

15 Retrived January 14th,2015 http://www.knowledgebank.i rri.org/training/fact-sheets/item/ischaemum-rugosum-salisb. 16 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim ( Unknown). Retrieved January 9th, 2015 from http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dn_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia_Tr%C3%A0m_Chim

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leucocephala, Leptoptilos dubius are some special kinds of birds that live in this

communities

f) Melaleuca cajuputi

Melaleuca cajuput is a woody

vegetation has the largest area (about 2968

hectares). . Due to human impact, most pristine

mangrove forests have disappeared and now

only have planted fforests, is Melaleuca

cajuputi species (Myrtaceae), but after

conservation in many year now this become a natural forest. Two types of distributions are

recognized: centralized and distributed . The distrituted Melaleuca combines to other

communites such as Eleocharis dulcis Ischaemum rugosum , I.indicum, Xyris indica,

Utricularia aurea, Panicum repens, Nymphaea lotus.

Birds : Caprimulgusmaeruru,Dricrurus macrocercus, Aethopiga siparaja,

Zosterops palpebrosa, Carpodacus erythrinus, Apus affinis, Rhipidura albicollis,

Lucustella lanceolata

III) THE VALUATION OF TRAM CHIM NATIONAL PARK

1) The tourism potential of TCNP

Not too close nor too far, Tram Chim Nation Park is the great places for any

people who want to discover the nature and relax after a long working day.

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From December 24th, 2014 to January 3rd, 2015 (The Christmas and the New Year

festival), the park was visited by approximately 50 tourist group (international and

domestic tourists) and higher than 400 people came to travel. Most of them come from Ho

Chi Minh City and Mekong Delta, the number of international tourists also increase

shapely such as America, Europe, Japan,… The Board of Director reported that in the end

of 2014 period, the amount of tourist group rise to 8 groups and 100 person compares to

the same period in the previous year.17

Flooding seasons, from September to December, are the most beautiful seasons in

Tram Chim that attract more tourist come to travelling which have more than 233

waterfowl species, 130 fresh water fish species and a thousand Amphibians and ephemeral.

During this season, the tourist can enjoy the wonderful landscapes such as mangroves,

paddy field and lotus.

17 Nguyễn Hành – Trọng Trung ( January 3rd,2015). Văn hóa giải trí. Du lịch. Vườn Quốc gia Tràm Chim thu hút

khách du lịch dịp tết dương lịch . Retrieved January 4th,2015 from http://plo.vn/van-hoa-giai-tri/du-lich/vuon-quoc-

gia-tram-chim-thu-hut-khach-du-lich-d ip-tet-duong-lich-521690.html

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In order to help tourist experience the real natural life ,the TCNP’s board of directors

created many types for travelling such as being an fishermen; sightseeing, harvest sun rice;

breeding bird garden ; rub mouse or hamster hunt.,

Mr. Nguyễn Văn Hùng – The directors of the TCNP said the flooding season was

the time to harvest paddy, it may attract travelers try to become a farmer to harvest. The

most attractive point here is that they had a try to do it by special boat. In the field, the

travelers have a change to view more than 16 types of rare animals such as Sarus Crane,

Greater adjutant, Lesser adjutant, Black-headed ibis, spoonbill, black eagle, golden tee,

Malaysian plover, Horizontal white wings, Indians Indians, Chinese egret, Great-billed

heron, pelican legs gray, Painted stork, Swallow buildings, the land and fish in the Red

Book of Vietnam including anchovies, Bring baskets, fish sugar…18

2) The economic values

18 Trí,V.N ( September 20th,2014). Hấp dẫn du lịch trải nghiệm mùa nươc nổi ở Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim .Retrieved January 4th,2015 from http://www.vietnamplus.vn/hap-dan-du-lich-trai-nghiem-mua-nuoc-noi-o-vuon-tram-chim/282170.vnp

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Because the main policies of Tram Chim National Park are restoration and

conservation the biodiversity, they do not focus more on farming and mining their wealth

resources.

The area of Mangrove is very

huge, easy to burn and invade

other communities, although it

has a lot of advantages such asa

havenn for many species of

animals, function ofwind,

wavess, natural water purification, protection, flood prevention and protection, alluvial

deposits,helps reduce harmful emissions to water from agriculture, contributing to climate

regulation. Therefore, the old and huge mangrove can use in construction such as iris.

Other communities are the

material for making some special

food for Tet Holiday, making

animal foods and straw can help to

keep warm.Thanks to more than 60

kilometers levee system the

fisheries resources is very large

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IV) THE PROBLEMS THAT TCNP ARE FACING, WILL FACE IN THE

FUTURE AND THE SOLUTION

1) The Problems

Beside a several advantages that are mentioned above, Tram Chim National Park

are facing or having serious problems which causes by both nature and anthropogenic. The

Park now has 17 species in danger and are risk of extinction. Emergency extinction species

include coral fish, white-winged geese, spoonbills, Greater adjutant. Species that may

disappear in the future are anchovies, snakehead fish, street fish, basket fish, black shark

minnow, male seahorse, Sarus Crane, black eagles, gray legs pelicans.

Mr. Nguyễn Văn Hùng said that the reason makes the decrease in Tram Chim

diversity is the affection of climate change such as floods, droughts, forest fires, soil

erosion, landslides and exotic flu. All of them will foster the depression of diversity faster

and more dangerous

1.1 ) The encroachment of alien species

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In recent. Tram Chim National Park is being seriously threatened by the encroachment of

Mimosa (Mimosa pigra- produce 9,000

seeds which are easily dispersed in the

wind and drift downstream, can hold

power over 20 years to germinate. Mimosa

tree when bushes were forming a high

scrub, make other plants do not

grow.)19, one of 100 encroachment alien

species most dangerous in the world ( IUCN). If uncontrolled, in 10-15 years, the entire

invasive species in national park will be a unique species. The biodiversity will be lost

completely.20

1.2) The climate change

Climate change is altering the food chain of fish, in which the temperature plays an

important role in the growth and development of organisms in general and the particular

species. Climate change tends to increase temperature, as a result of drought, water

depletion, and flammable in the dry season. The impacts that affect the living conditions

of some migratory birds, especially the Sarus Crane. When a lack of food or drink, the

crane was not immediately removed.

19Mimoso Pigra. Retrievd January 19th, 2105 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimosa_pigra 20 Trí, V.N ( 2014). Nhiều loài đông vật quý hiếm ở Tràm Chim bị de dọa. Retrived January 19th , 2014 from

http://www.vietnamplus.vn/nhieu-loai-dong-thuc-vat-quy-hiem-o-tram-chim-bi-de-doa/268218.vnp

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For vegetation species, climate change affected to this ecosystem severely.

Especially mangrove forest communities, if it is flooded in a long time, it will be falling or

underdeveloped; if too dry, it is very easy to fire.

Climate change also impacts on the hydrological situation, factors determining

wetland ecosystems Tram Chim, might make the management of hydrology at Tram Chim

more difficult.21

1.3) The human activities

21 Trí, N.V(2013) . Biến đổi đa dạng sinh học vườn quốc gia Tràm Chim. Retrieved January 24th, 2015 from

http://www.vietnamplus.vn/bien-doi-da-dang-sinh-hoc-vuon-quoc-gia-tram-chim/213201.vnp

FLOOD IN 2010

FOREST FIRE IN 2010

22

The pressure of poor communities living around the Tram Chim National Park and

the dependence of the community,. Strict protection regime over the years has led to fierce

conflicts between national and community gardens and also has not prevented from

entering the inside to exploit natural resources, leading to depletion of natural resources

(fish, wood, grass).

Most of the people living around the park with low educational qualifications, no

understanding of the value of natural resources for human life. They often intrusion,

exploitation and depletion of natural resources in the National Park, especially the use of

fishing gear are destructive as the power grid, power rakes cause forest fires

unintentionally.

1.4) The unbalance of the Water level between the dry and rainy season causes

fire

The park is divided into five management zones, each zone is surrounded by canals

with a total length of about 60 km. Although strict protection, but many fires happened in

the past years that burned for hundreds of hectares of meadows and mangrove forests. The

higher the water level difference between the months of the year, affecting the plant

communities, especially related to forest fires. 2009-2013, in the park occurred total of 24

fires, burned nearly 300 hectares of meadows and mangrove forests over 130 ha, s, large

fires in the A5 in 2009 and the A1 in 2010; The other areas also occur one to three times.22

22 Nhựt Trung (2014). “Bất hòa “ giữa nước và lửa của Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim. Retrived January, 24 th , 2015

from http://www.nhandan.com.vn/mobile/_mobile_khoahoc/_mobile_moitruong/item/23891002.html

23

Dr. Duong Van Ni said that from 2009 to 2013, the square of the communities in

Tram Chim has a dramatic change.

The line chart shows the dramatic change about the density in 3 communities from

2009 to 2013. The Melaleuca cajuputi (Mangrove) communities increased sharply of

around 300 hectares. In comparison, a quick drop from 1100 hectares to approximately 600

hectares was recorded in the density of Eleocharis dulcis communities. The rate of

invasive mangrove communities very fast and very strong, as same as the invasive rare of

mimosa plant communities, if not control in the future, the Eleocharis dulcis will

continuously reduce.

Because high water levels make the Eleocharis dulcis cannot produce roots.

Meanwhile, other species such as melaleuca, vegetables and coconut invasive strongly,

creating both thick vegetation, porous medium makes Sarus Crane could not be landed and

foraging. This may be the cause of the decline of individual Sarus Crane Tram Chim.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2009 2013

The Change Of Density in Particular Communities

Melaleuca cajuputi Panicum repens Eleocharis dulcis

24

Director Nguyen Van Hung Tram Chim National Park said, in the period 1990-2000 the

number of individuals in Tram Chim cranes per year are more than 200, but since 2000 the

number of cranes on increasingly lower, in in 2013 only 15 returned to Tram Chim.23

1.5) Financial budget and professional qualifications

The final problem is the lack of highly specialized because most of the labor are

poor people. Then, Tram Chim do not have enough money to develop infrastructure

facilities in order research and analysis, the financial budget still limited. The number of

securities in the national park are not enough.

2) The solutions

2.1) Prevent the inroad of exotic plant- Mimosa

International Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 2002) made 15 principles

of management of abuse alien species.

+ 6 general rule is: synchronous approach ecosystems; approach system from intrusion

prevention through early detection to eliminate them; implementation of prevention

methods, supervision, general studies; education on abuse alien species; raise awareness

of the masses.

+ 3 rules to prevent abuse alien species are: isolation and control them; exchange of

information and cooperation between the parties, to strengthen the capacity of countries.

23 TBKT SG (2010). Cháy trừng quốc gia Tràm Chim ( VGCTC) :Đừng nghiêm trọng hóa! Retrived January 24th, 2015

from http://vacne.org.vn/chay-vuon-quoc-gia-vqg-tram-chim-dung-nghiem-trong-hoa/22978.html

25

+ 2 principles to prevent the entry of abuse alien species are: to prevent the intrusion

initiative; prevent the intentional intrusion.

+ 4 principles of control after it enters the water is: mitigation, hazards, prevent spread;

development control; eliminate them.24

In Tram Chim National Park, they apply some particular technique.

+ Mechanical craft method

+ Ecological method: grow cork to compete, overwhelms mimosa or planting to replace

+ Chemical methods: use chemistry to spray, eliminate mimosa; allotments for the

people, apply the contract contracted for local people to exploit the submerged lands for

cultivation of agricultural crops (banana trees) in the fall short sprint to increase the

incomes of the population, limiting the development of the mimosa tree.25

2.2) Minimize the affection of climate change in the diversity

Organisms in the marine environment play a significant role in climate control

through their regulation of carbon fluxes. The exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere

and ocean is larger than that between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems. The Tram

Chim National Park has a huge amount of aquatic animal, especially fishes and fish, play

24 Dật, Đ.H (2011).Sinh vât ngoại lai xâm hại và những biện pháp quản lý. Retrieved January 24th, 2015 from http://www.trithucvaphattrien.vn/n1449_sinh-vat-ngoai-lai-xam-hai-va-nhung-yeu-cau-quan-ly 25 Ngọc Liên (2015). Ám ảnh cây mai dương. Retrieved January 24th, 2015 from

http://www.baodongnai.com.vn/bandoc/201501/am-anh-cay-mai-duong-2362683/

26

an important role in reducing the affection of CO2. The major greenhouse gas (CO2) is

absorbed directly by water and indirectly (through photosynthesis) by vegetation.

In this National Park,

restoration and conservation are

managed in recently. However,

breeding is not mentioned,

although the nation have a lot of

opportunities to implement it

because the diversity in fisheries.

If they try to do it, not only increase their economic through trading their breeding fisheries,

but it also helps minimize the affection of climate change.

2.3 ) Control the activities ( especial the illegal exploration) of humans

From 2012, the local people can explore the

resources in reasonable way such as trim dry wood ,

fisheries, harvest lily, vegetables, catching yellow

snails and exploit pasture for cattle feed or cut grass

for silage grown procession ... The Board of Tram

Chim National Park allow some families harvest

grasses for farming , create animal foods , even

prevent forest fire. For some vegetable is the main

27

foods ofthe local peoplee, after harvest thesevegetablese reconstruct extremely fast and

these are the daily salaries of local people. Every

type of resource in is prescribed in the right size

and be transported under the provisions yard. The

result of this activity is the improvement of local

peoples' life (50.000 vnđ/people/day), especially

the poor have stable jobs in the flood season,

reducing the pressure for the park in the

management of protected resources.26

2.4) Create the management of the water level in Tram Chim National Park

When mentioning about flooding areas, managing the levels of water are the main

thing to do. If you do not control it well, the biodiversity will be collapsed. Water level,

time period and the quality are 3 main things must to follow

The old water level management, the project

name “To enhance biodiversity conservation and

improving local livelihoods with the participation

of the community on the basis of rational

management of natural resources in Tram Chim

National Park” was not successful. The

26 Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim. Retrieved January 24th , 2015 from http://hoidulich.com/mien-nam/vuon-quoc-gia-

tram-chim/msg10047/?wap2

28

consequences of it were the amount of wild paddy reduce and make the decreasing of Sarus

Crane, mangrove falling down, some spices died because of flooding in too long.

In the workshop “Recommend Water Management Strategy Water- Fire in the

context of climate change (CC) for TCNP period 2015-2020 ".Experts proposed the new

water – fire management strategy, including water level control, biomass and infrastructure

in different areas and the rapid adaptation to the climate change as well as post-flooding

across the region27

Month Recommended water level/area

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

January 161+5 161+5 131+5 141+5 145+5

February 144+5 144+5 114+5 93+5 135+5

March 128+5 128+5 108+5 77+5 199+5

April 110+5 110+5 80+5 64+5 106+5

May 91+5 91+5 67+5 50+5 90+5

June 78+5 80+5 55+5 45+5 80+5

July Minimum 88 Minimum 75 Minimum 60 Minimum 40 Minimum 75

August

September

October

November

December Minimum 174 Minimum 174 Minimum 135 Minimum 123 Minimum 175

In addition, the application of active burning with the circle 2 to 3 years in order to help

reduce the accumulation of biomass density – which is easy to burn.

27 B.T(2014). Giải pháp mơi quản lý sinh thái VQG Tràm Chim. Retrieved January 24th , 2015 from

http://disanxanh.vn/ArticleDetail.aspx?articleid=62212&sitepageid=28

29

2.5) Search and call for investment in technology and labor also

Dong Thap People's Committees officially issued Decision No. 481 / QD-UBND-

HC (dated 05.17.2013) for the approval of conservation planning for sustainable

development Tram Chim National Park (period 2013-2020). Dong Thap divergence

mobilizes nearly 208 billion from the budget and international cooperation in order to

improve the technology, infrastructure and make a professional fostering course for staffs28

V) THE CONCLUSION

With the enormous biodiversity which combined between animal’s communities and

vegetation communities, Tram Chim National Park is the right place that need to develop,

restoration.

28 Phương , H (2013). Huy động 208 tỉ đồng đầu tư bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học cho khu Ramsar thứ 2000 của thế giới. Retrieved January 24th , 2015 from http://www.hoinongdan.org.vn/moi -truong/tai-nguyen/5958-huy-%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng-208-t%E1%BB%89-%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng-%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u-t%C6%B0-b%E1%BA%A3o-t%E1%BB%93n-%C4%91a-d%E1%BA%A1ng-sinh-h%E1%BB%8Dc-cho-khu-ramsar-th%E1%BB%A9-

2-000-c%E1%BB%A7a-th%E1%BA%BF-gi%E1%BB%9Bi.html

30

VI) BIBLIOGRAPHY

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31

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hut-khach-du-lich-dip-tet-duong-lich-521690.html

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http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen_h%E1%BB%93ng

32

15. Panicum repens (unknown) Retrieved January 9th,2015 from

http://www.sms.si.edu/irlspec/Panicum_repens.htm.

16. Dật, Đ.H (2011).Sinh vât ngoại lai xâm hại và những biện pháp quản lý. Retrieved

January 24th, 2015 from http://www.trithucvaphattrien.vn/n1449_sinh-vat-ngoai-

lai-xam-hai-va-nhung-yeu-cau-quan-ly

17. Ngọc Liên (2015). Ám ảnh cây mai dương. Retrieved January 24th, 2015 from

http://www.baodongnai.com.vn/bandoc/201501/am-anh-cay-mai-duong-2362683/

18. B.T(2014). Giải pháp mơi quản lý sinh thái VQG Tràm Chim. Retrieved January

24th , 2015 from

http://disanxanh.vn/ArticleDetail.aspx?articleid=62212&sitepageid=28

1Vườn Quốc Gia Tràm Chim. Retrieved January 24th , 2015 from

http://hoidulich.com/mien-nam/vuon-quoc-gia-tram-chim/msg10047/?wap2

19. 1 Phương , H (2013). Huy đông 208 tỉ đồng đầu tư bảo tồn đa dạng sinh học cho

khu Ramsar thứ 2000 của thế giơi. Retrieved January 24th , 2015 from

http://www.hoinongdan.org.vn/moi-truong/tai-nguyen/5958-huy-

%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng-208-t%E1%BB%89-%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng-

%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u-t%C6%B0-b%E1%BA%A3o-t%E1%BB%93n-

%C4%91a-d%E1%BA%A1ng-sinh-h%E1%BB%8Dc-cho-khu-ramsar-

th%E1%BB%A9-2-000-c%E1%BB%A7a-th%E1%BA%BF-

gi%E1%BB%9Bi.html

33