INSTITUTE FOR TRAINING IN MINISTRY

Study The BOOK Series

THE EPISTLETO THE

ROMANSby Robert Samms

© 2015 by Discipleship Overseas, Inc.

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TABLE OFCONTENTS

Knowing Romans—Like the Back of Your Hand ....3

Lesson 1: Introduction and Romans 1:1-17 .................5

Lesson 2: The NEED for Righteousness: 1:18—3:20 .......................................................................................12

Lesson 3: The WAY of Righteousness: 3:20—4:25 ......19

Lesson 4: The RESULTS of Righteousness: 5:1—8:39 ...............................................................................24

Lesson 5: The RESULTS of Righteousness: 6:1—7:25................................................................................28

Lesson 6: The RESULTS of Righteousness: 8:1-39 .......................................................................................34

Lesson 7: The PROBLEM of Righteousness: 9:1—11:36 .............................................................................39

Lesson 8: The PRACTICE of Righteousness: 12:1-21 .......................................................................................46

Lesson 9: The PRACTICE of Righteousness: 13:1-14 .......................................................................................51

Lesson 10: The PRACTICE of Righteousness: 14:1—15:13 .............................................................................54

Lesson 11: Conclusions: Chs. 15:14—16:27 ................58

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Lesson 12: Like the Back of Your Hand ......................62

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KNOWING ROMANS—LIKE THE BACK OF YOUR HAND

As you prepare to lead others through this study I suggest you begin by using this illustration: your hand.

Just as there are four fingers and a thumb on your hand, so are there five main divisions to the book of Romans.

Let’s start with your smallest finger, your “pinkie”—which represents the first of these divisions: all have sinned, 1:17—3:20. (You might also mention that Paul speak of three kinds of sinner in these verses—the gross sinner, the self-righteous sinner, and the Jew. All people NEED righteousness.

Then with the second finger, or the “ring” finger” point out that a right relationship with Christ come by our faith in Jesus and what He accomplished on the Cross. We are “wed” to him by faith. This WAY of righteousness is for all people—Jew and Gentile alike. That takes us through Ch. 4.

The third finger speaks of the RESULTS of righteous-ness—which are many, including (Ch. 5) peace with God, access to God, hope of the glory of God, and the ability to rejoice—even in sufferings. More than that, the ability to live transformed lives is taught in the balance of this third main division of the book—Chs. 5—8.

The index finger illustrates the PROBLEM of righteousness, namely, why Jews (for the most part) reject God’s gracious way of righteousness. The answer is: because they insist on seeking to achieve

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it through the Laws of Moses, and not by God’s way of faith. That’s the main teaching in Chs. 9-11.

Finally, there is the thumb, which illustrates the PRACTICE of righteousness. Chs. 12—15 speak of how we are called to live out the righteousness of God in us, by presenting our bodies as a living sacrifice and being transformed by the renewing of our minds (12:1-2). The balance of these chapters are filled with practical out workings of the life of faith.

As you begin this study, either by yourself, with another person, or a group study, I encourage you to use this illustration of the human hand. It will get them on their way to understanding the book of Romans “like the back of their hand”.

Ask your learners to hold out their hand as you walk them through the five main divisions of Romans—sharing the meaning of each finger.

Then, ask them to fold their finger into a fist, with the thumb on top—suggesting that the thumb (representing the PRACTICE of righteousness) holds the other truths together. (The fingers have little function apart from the thumb. Just so, Chs. 1-11 are of little value if they do not transform our lives in practical ways.)

Finally, ask them to open their fingers again, showing their palm. Asking them to visualize in their palm, the nail-scarred hand of Jesus. He is the one who makes all of this possible. And then, finally, point out the arm, thinking of the arm of God, reaching down in his love, to a world of desperate need (John 3:16).

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May the Lord bless you in your study of most important epistle to the Romans, and also make you a great blessing to those you lead through this New Testament book.

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Lesson 1

INTRODUCTION ANDROMANS 1:1-17

AuthorshipPaul is the stated author in 1:1. The style of writing and vocabulary suggest that Paul was the author. The early Church was in complete agreement that Paul was the author of this epistle. The Muratorian Canon, a list of New Testament books dated around 170, ascribes the Roman epistle to Paul.

Date and Place of WritingImportant information regarding both the place, and the date of writing is found in Romans 15:23-29. Paul was concluding his third missionary journey, and on his way to Jerusalem with an offering to the church in Jerusalem. In Romans 15:31 he requests prayer that he “might be delivered from the unbelievers in Jerusalem”. It is thus likely he wrote while in Corinth, or possibly nearby Cenchrea. From other knowledge about the time of Paul’s missionary journeys, we can assign the date of writing at around 57.

Founding of the ChurchHow the church at Rome began is unknown. If the church were started by an apostle, it is unlikely that Paul would have written as he did. In this letter he assumes the church to be under his province.

While how the church began is technically unknown, there is strong reason to believe that it began

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through Jewish believers who were converted at Pentecost. At this Jewish feast were “visitors from Rome (both Jews and converts to Judaism)”. It is most probable that at least some of them brought the Christian message back with them to Rome.

RecipientsWhile Paul primarily wrote to a church consisting of Gentiles, Jewish believers were also there, as evidenced in 2:17-29; 4:1-25; and 9:1-11:36.

Author’s GoalPaul’s immediate goal was to alert the church at Rome of his planned visit. Rome was the center of that vast and powerful Empire. Paul expected that the church there would participate in his planned mission to Spain. See Romans 15:23-24.

But Paul also wanted to provide this key group of believers a full account of Christian truth.

Importance of RomansNo writing of Paul is of greater significance than is his epistle to the Romans. It is the most complete treatment of Christian truth found in the New Testament. Many scholars believe that it is the basic message that Paul preached everywhere.

Outline of RomansIntroduction, 1:1-17.

An important question among people living in Paul’s day was, “How can I obtain a right standing before God?” In a logical and sequential way Paul answers this question. Paul first lays a solid foundation by showing—

I. The NEED for Righteousness, in 1:18-3:20.

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As he does this he first shows—

A. The Pagan’s need for righteousness, in 1:18-32, then—

B. The Moralist’s need for righteousness, in 2:1-16, and—

C. The Jew’s need for righteousness, in 2:17-3:8.

Paul next reveals—

II. The WAY of Righteousness, in 3:21-4:25,which is through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the Cross.

Next he covers—

III. The RESULTS of Righteousness, in Ch. 5-8.In Ch. 5 Paul deals with the emotional results of being made righteous, and how this righteousness is available to all people.

In Ch. 6 Paul tells us that as Christians we cannot continue in in a life of sin.

In Ch. 7 he recounts his struggles before placing his faith in Christ.

In Ch. 8 he speaks of how the Holy Spirit transforms the Christian and of his security in Christ.

Paul next reflects on his own people and relates—

IV. The PROBLEM Regarding Righteousness, in Ch. 9-11.Essentially this was because they “did not know the righteousness that comes from God and sought to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness.” (10:3)

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In the final chapters he zeros in on—

V. The PRACTICE of Righteousness, in Ch. 12-15.And finally, various—

Conclusions, in Ch. 15:14-16:27.

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QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION1:1. Paul first calls himself a “servant”. The Greek word is doulos, the common word for slaves. Compare Philippians 1:1. In calling himself a slave Paul modeled both the Old Testament servants of God (Exodus 14:31; Daniel 3:26), and even our Lord Himself (Philippians 2:7). This word speaks of one who is completely at the disposal of his Master.

Is this a title that you can accept for yourself? If so, how will it affect your conduct? Your service to others?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Secondly, Paul describes himself as an ___________________.

The Greek word apostello literally means “messenger”. It comes from two Greek words which together carry the idea of being, “sent forth with a message” and is so used by Jesus in John 13:161 .

How is this meaning seen in appointing the twelve apostles in Mark 3:14?

__________________________________________________________________________

How is it seen in Paul’s call to ministry in Acts 9:15? __________________________________________________________________________

That the term “apostle” was not limited to the twelve is indicated in Acts 14:14; Galatians 1:19; and Romans 16:7.

In your view, is there a sense in which other people might be called “apostles”? If so, who might they be?

__________________________________________________________________________

1 Truly, truly, I say to you, a servant is not greater than his master, nor is a messenger greater than the one who sent him.

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Thinking of this basic meaning of “apostle”, why is it essential that one be called to this ministry?

__________________________________________________________________________

When was Paul called and set apart for this ministry? See Galatians 1:15 __________________________________________________________________________

This verse indicates that God knows all about us, and has a plan for our lives. How do you respond to this thought? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

1:2 speaks of the “gospel” in the Old Testament. This word is euaggelion in Greek. Eu means “good” and aggelos “messenger”, or “angel”. Isaiah 53 is a good example of the gospel being taught in the Old Testament. How is this truth brought out in Luke 24:27 and 44? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

1:3-4. This good news is about Jesus, God’s Son. He had both a human nature—being a descendant of _________________ , and a divine nature, proven by the fact that He: _________________________________________________________________________

1:5-6. In v. 5 Paul says that he had received, 1) grace—which means God’s favor (a favor that we did not earn); and 2) apostleship. What was the purpose of Paul’s apostleship? __________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

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The word “obedience” is a vital but often overlooked truth of the Christian life. This obedience does not earn salvation, but is rather the fruit of the salvation we received by faith.

This call, is extended to: ____________________________________________

In 1:7 Paul says that his readers are called to be _______________. Compare 1 Peter 1:15-16. What is the implication of this for your life? ______________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Paul’s Longing to Visit Rome, 1:8-171:8. When Paul wrote there was a already strong church in Rome. Almost certainly this church began from the witness of those Jewish “visitors from Rome” (Acts 2:10-11) who became believers when the Holy Spirit was given at Pentecost.

1:9-10. Paul then speaks of how much he prays for them, and of his desire to visit them.

1:11. What is one reason Paul wanted to visit them? __________________________________________________________________________

1:12. What is another reason?__________________________________________________________________________

1:13. What is still another reason?__________________________________________________________________________

1:14-15. Why do you think Paul felt “obligated” to preach the good news?__________________________________________________________________________

Is this an obligation that we also share? Compare 1 Corinthians 9:16.

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__________________________________________________________________________

Considering Acts 22:1-21, what was the basis of this obligation?__________________________________________________________________________

1:16. Why was Paul “not ashamed of the gospel”?__________________________________________________________________________

For whom is this gospel available? __________________________________________________________________________

1:17. This verse defines the “good news” of the gospel. The words , “righteousness from God” can also be translated, “righteousness of God”, as in the KJV. The meaning is that God imparts His righteousness to those who believe.

This righteousness is “from faith for faith” (NIV, “by faith from first to last”), and is supported by Habakkuk 2:4 “the righteous will live by faith.” The term “by faith” in Hebrew can mean both faith, and faithfulness. Paul teaches that faith is a faith that works. Paul’s faith totally transformed his life. True faith always does.

Share your own experience of faith in Jesus Christ. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson 2

THE NEED FOR RIGHTEOUSNESS:1:18—3:20

In this section Paul teaches that all mankind have a desperate need to be made righteousness. He does this by first exposing the abominable life-style of Pagans, then the hypocrisy of the self-righteous, and finally Jews who sought righteousness through the law. Let’s examine at each of these in turn.

A. The Pagan’s Need for Righteousness, 1:18-32.Having spent 18 months in Corinth (the “sin city” of that day), Paul was well aware of the depraved morals of this class of people.

1:18. Why is God’s wrath revealed against these sinners? __________________________________________________________________________

Notice Paul says this wrath “is being revealed”. What does this suggest? __________________________________________________________________________

In the Old Testament, God’s wrath was experienced whenever Israel departed from the Lord. His wrath brought defeat in battle (Joshua 7); direct judgments from God (Numbers 16:28-33, 25:3); plagues and famines, (Numbers 14:36-38; 16:46-50; Isaiah 51:17-20; Amos 4:6-10;) and captivity in foreign nations (Amos 4:1-3; 2 Kings 24:20). How might this principle apply in our day? __________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________

1:19-20. Paul here speaks of heathen people. Why are they “without excuse”? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Compare Acts 14:17 where Paul emphasized this truth to the people of Lystra. Tertullian from the 3rd century said: “nature is the teacher; the soul is the pupil.”

Two things we can learn about God from nature are: __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Share your personal experience about seeing God in nature. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Compare also Psalm 19 and 97:6.

How might your experience help someone else find the Lord? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

1:21-23. Paul states that these people “knew” God. In what sense did they “know” Him? __________________________________________________________________________

What caused the downward spiritual slide seen in these verses? __________________________________________________________________________

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Rejecting known truth always leads to further decline. How have you seen this principle at work, either in yourself, or in someone you know.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

1: 24-32. God’s response to those who willfully turn away from God is clearly seen in this passage. Notice the threefold “God gave them over . . .” in 1:24, 26, and 28. What are some things that, because God’s influence is gone, they now freely “enjoy?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

How does this compare with what you see in society today?__________________________________________________________________________

C. S. Lewis in The Problem of Pain, pg. 115, says that people like this “enjoy forever the horrible freedom they have demanded and are therefore self-enslaved.”

While we live “in the world” we are not to be “of the world”. What does this mean and how does it apply to your life? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

B. The Moralist’s Need for Righteousness, 2:1-16.In this section Paul shows that even the person of high moral standards is also guilty of sin. Among the

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moralists of Paul's day were the Stoics. They believed that by following Reason men could be freed from passion and achieve satisfaction and happiness in life. Paul encountered Stoics in Athens (Acts 17:18).

2:1-3. Why is the moralist also condemned?__________________________________________________________________________

2:4. By standing on their own morality, these people really—

__________________________________________________________________________

2:5. And the result will be— __________________________________________________________________________

Reflect now on the really “good’ people you know. How does this passage apply to them? __________________________________________________________________________

How might you help them see this truth?

__________________________________________________________________________

2:6-11. Paul is not contradicting what he says elsewhere, that righteousness is through Christ alone. See Romans 3:28, 5:1, 5:6-10, also Ephesians 2:9; Titus 3:5 and 2 Timothy 1:9. Paul is speaking to those who think they can get to heaven by good deeds. He says in Galatians 3:21, “if a law had been given that could impart life, then righteousness would certainly have come by the law”. But Scripture declares the whole world a prisoner of sin, so that what was promised, being given through faith in Jesus Christ, might be given to those who believe.” Righteousness cannot come by keeping the

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Law, because no one can fulfill the law perfectly. And that is what is required. See also Romans 10:1-4

2:12-16. Note how this principle is brought out in these verses. “All who sin apart from the law” will what?

__________________________________________

And “all who sin under the law” will what? __________________________________________________________________________

These people will be judged according to their deeds “on the day when God will judge men’s secrets through Jesus Christ,” vs. 16.

C. The Jew’s Need for Righteousness, 2:17-3:817-20. The Jews, like the moralists, believed they could become righteous by keeping the law. Their advantages, and what they prided themselves in are:__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Notice the progression: first, the law itself; then a relationship to the law; then the result of this relationship, and finally the resulting actions.

3:19-20. The Jews also felt they had a special calling. This was:__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3:21-24. The problem was: __________________________________________________________________________

It is easy to point fingers at these keepers of the law. In Matthew 22:18-29 Jesus called them what there were: “hypocrites”.

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Compare Luke 11:42-44 and Matthew 23:13-36, where Jesus exposed the hypocritical living of these religious leaders.

Reflect on this verse: “Whoever claims to live in him must walk as Jesus did” (1 John 2:6). Share your thoughts about the importance of “walking the walk”. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2:25-29. Now, Paul says, what happens to those Jews who have been circumcised, yet break God’s law?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

And what of those who, while not under God’s covenant, yet obey God’s law? __________________________________________________________________________

Paul refers to Gentile Christians, who “by the Spirit” kept God’s laws better than did the Jews.

In 3:1-8 Paul interacts with an imaginary objector. He had experienced many actual ones during his ministry in Athens. Paul was in Greece over 1 1/2 years and it was from there that he wrote this letter.

3:1. Since Paul teaches that the “real Jew” keeps God’s commands, this “objector” responds, “What advantage then, is there in being a Jew?”—to which Paul says:__________________________________________________________________________

(In Ch. 10 Paul lists many advantages of being a Jew.)

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At this point another objector seems to say, “even though the Jews had God’s word, most disbelieved. Does this not make God’s promises of little value?” To which argument Paul responds: __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

God’s faithfulness can never be based on the response of man.

3:3. The Greek “unfaithful”, is apistasan, meaning an absence of faith or faithfulness. Similarly the word pistin, means either faith or faithfulness. See Romans 1:17.

In 3:5-8 another objector seems to appear. His argument is: “God is unfair to punish me for my unrighteous acts since these sins more clearly sets forth God’s righteousness.”

Paul’s response to this argument is:__________________________________________________________________________

3:8. The argument of this objector continues its horrible logic: “Let us do evil that good may result.” To this, Paul concludes: __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

In our day there are also those who profess the name of Christ, but by their living they abuse the faith. Salvation, while it is received without cost, can not be divorced from a transformed life of good deeds. How is this truth brought out in Ephesians 2:8-10 and Titus 3:5-8? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________

D. Conclusions, 3:9-18.

What is Paul’s conclusion? __________________________________________________________________________

In setting forth this truth he quotes no less then eight Old Testament passages. Each one shows that “there is not a righteous man on earth who does what is right and never sins” (Ecclesiastes 7:20).

This truth includes gross pagan types, moralists of the world, and those who seek to keep the law. The purpose of the law, Paul concludes, is:__________________________________________________________________________

3:19-20. Paul summarizes the attempt to gain righteousness by observing the Law. Rather than making one righteous through seeking to keep the law, the real effect is to: __________________________________________________________________________

Why is that? __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

By way of summary, he says in 3:20, “no one will be declared righteous in his (God’s) sight by observing the law”.

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Lesson 3

THE WAY OF RIGHTEOUSNESS:3:20—4:25

3:21-24. Inasmuch as ALL people are sinners, by what one means can we be made righteousness?__________________________________________________________________________

For whom is this righteousness available?__________________________________________________________________________

What does one do to receive it?__________________________________________________________________________

What Paul has just stated is the essence of the Christian faith.

Share your own experience regarding God’s offer of salvation through Christ.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3:25-26. Christ is “a propitiation” (NIV, “sacrifice of atonement”. In the Old Testament this consisted of the offering of an animal to atone for (do away with) the people’s sins. See Leviticus 1:1-4 and 14:19-20. For Gentiles in those times, God “left the sins committed before hand unpunished”. Compare Acts 17:30.

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The core teaching of the New Testament is that God, who is absolutely just, forgives those who place their faith in Christ’s sacrificial death on the Cross. He, “by a single offering . . . perfected for all time those who are being sanctified.” (Hebrews 10:14).

In 3:27-31 Paul addresses questions his hearers might raise. First, since we cannot earn our salvation, “Where, then, is boasting?”__________________________________________________________________________

Paul then asks, “On what principle?” __________________________________________________________________________

For whom is this gracious offer of salvation available?__________________________________________________________________________

“Do we, then, nullify the law?” “No” he says, rather

__________________________________________________________________________

Paul will deal with this more fully in chapters 6 and 7. It is vital that we understand that placing our faith in Christ does not mean we can are free to do what we want. For as Paul asks in 6:1, “Shall we go on sinning so that grace may increase? Immediately he responds, “By no means!”

Keeping the law however, does not mean that it becomes a way to righteousness. Christ has already provided that.

How does Paul explain the way we are to keep the law, in Romans 13:8-10?

__________________________________________

4:1-3. Inasmuch as Paul writes to many who are Jewish, he illustrates this faith principle with the

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example of Abraham. Abraham was the original Jew, the father of the entire nation. Since all Jews revere Abraham as the father of their nation, Paul could not have chosen a more fitting example to make his point.

Was Abraham justified by works? How do you know?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

To support this truth Paul quotes Genesis 15:6, which says:__________________________________________________________________________

The nature of Abraham’s faith is underscored in Hebrews 11:8-19. Take time to look at these verses now. How did Abraham demonstrate his faith in:

11:8 ____________________________________________________________________

11:9 ____________________________________________________________________

11:11 ___________________________________________________________________

11:17 ___________________________________________________________________

It is clear from these verses that real faith is not some mere glorious concept, but rather:__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

But we must be clear: faith is not works; but rather, faith produces works. To see this balance, read Ephesians 2:8-10.

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The problem is that many in Paul’s day were seeking righteousness by their works. And many still do today. It is for these that Paul writes in the following verses.

4:4-8. Here he says that when a man works, his wages are credited to him as: _________________________________________________

And when a man does not work “but trusts God who

justifies the wicked” ______________________________________________

To support this concept Paul next quotes David in Psalm 32:1-2. He does not quote the last phrase however, which reads, “and in whose spirit is no deceit”. This means that those who come by faith must come with an absolutely sincere and honest heart.

4:9-12. Paul’s next point is to show that righteousness by faith is not merely for the “circumcised” (Jews), but also for the “uncircumcised” (all non-Jews). How does he do this (4:10-11)? __________________________________________________________________________

Anyone who “walks in the steps” of the faith of Abraham (4:12) is a spiritual child of Abraham.

4:13. That God’s plan was for the redemption of the world is evident in 4:13. God had promised Abraham that his offspring would be “like the dust of the earth” (Genesis 13:16); and that all peoples on earth would be blessed through him (Genesis 12:7; 13:14-15; 15:7, 18-21). This will happen, Paul says, through__________________________________________________________________________

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4:14. If it were by works of the law, faith has no value, and the promises made to Abraham are worthless.

4:15. Why is it that “law brings wrath”?__________________________________________________________________________

The phrase “where there is no law” means both before the law was given in Exodus 20, and for those who have no knowledge of it. God will not judge those who have a knowledge of God’s laws the same as He will those who have no knowledge of it.

4:16-17. Because righteousness could not come by law, therefore it must come from faith by God’s grace. It is “guaranteed” to all of Abraham’s descendants. Who are they?__________________________________________________________________________

How is the depth of Abraham’s faith expressed in 4:17?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Now think about your own experience in faith. If you are a child of God, you are thereby a child of Abraham. How may God want to challenge your faith? How might He want the church group you are associated with to grow? To mature? To reach out to neighbors more effectively?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Ask God to give you, and your church, more of the life producing faith of Abraham.

4:18-25. In these verses Paul elaborates the example of Abraham’s faith. For Sarah and Abraham

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there was no hope that they would have a child. But in that state of hopelessness, Abraham continued to believe. Why did he do this? (4:21) __________________________________________________________________________

How does this apply to you?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

4:25. What two aspects about Christ are we to believe in? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Conclusions:In 3:21-4:25 Paul makes two most important points.

1. That righteousness before God comes only through Jesus, who bore our sins on the Cross. The Jews sought righteousness by keeping the Old Testament regulations. That could not work because just one failure meant the failure of all. Others, such as the Stoics, attempted much the same thing. But a perfect God can accept into His presence nothing less than perfection. Only the righteousness of Jesus provides this perfection.

2. All who trust in Jesus are children of Abraham. Abraham’s faith “gives life to the dead and calls things that are not as thought they were” (4:17). God challenges you and me, today, to live out this same kind of faith.

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Lesson 4

THE RESULTS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS:

5:1—8:39

Ch. 5—A Glorious Future with God5:1. The first word, “Therefore”, links Ch. 5 with the truth of Ch. 4. Since we become righteous through faith in Christ, it follows that we have: (v. 1) __________________________________________________________________________

5:2. Not only do we have peace with God, but we also gain: __________________________________________________________________________

This word was used when ushering someone into the presence of royalty. It was also the word for ushering worshipers into the presence of God. Through Christ we are ushered into the very presence of God, where there is no condemnation, no judgment, only undeserved favor.

We rejoice in ________________________________________________________

This word “rejoice” means exulting—an emphasis that is between rejoicing and boasting.

5:3. What else are we to rejoice in? _______________________________

This word literally means “pressure”. Pressure can take the form of needs, circumstances, or persecution. Christians experienced much pressure from the Roman government, who actively

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persicuted them because they did not acknowledge Caesar as god.

God never promised an easy life for Christians. See Philippians 1:29. But He does promise to make “all things” (Romans 8:28) work together for good.

5:3. Why is it that we can rejoice in our sufferings? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Endurance (or perseverance) is like possessing “grit”. By it we can overcome during life’s trials.

Think of some experience when you suffered for your faith. Be prepared to share how this experience strengthened you as a Christian.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5:4. Endurance produces ________________ The word means courage or resolve. The actual word is dokime means “approved”. The English word “documented” come from it. Endurance documents our faith.

The process by which we achieve a documented faith is: __________________________________________________________________________

Character produces _____________ .

5:5. What strengthens our hope? __________________________________________________________________________

His presence is the reason for the believer’s confident hope. Compare Romans 8:16; Galatians 4:6; 1 John 3:24 and 4:13.

5:6-8. Here Paul speaks of our being “weak”, “sinners”, and “enemies”.

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What was it that Christ did for us while we were in this very condition?__________________________________________________________________________

Christ came at “the right time” (v. 6) to bear our sins. Compare Galatians 4:4.

Now is “the right time” to invite Christ into your life. Share where you are at in your journey to faith. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

5:9. Once you have accepted Christ, you are “justified by his blood”, that is, by His sacrificial death on the Cross. As a result, you will be saved from “the wrath of God”—which will be experienced by unbelieving mankind at the end of time.

5:10-11. The focus of these verses is the assurance we have of God’s keeping power. Since, while we were helpless sinners and enemies of God, Christ could save us, how much more through His life in our reconciled state can he keep us?

5:12-14. In these verses Paul speaks of the reign of spiritual death throughout the human race. The “one man”, through whom sin entered the human race was: ______________________

How do all people evidence their infection with the “virus”

of sin? _____________________________________________________________

Even before the Law was given and “sin is not taken into account”, “death reigned”. The result of Adam’s sin brought corruption into his very being. This

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corrupted nature was then passed on to every member of the human race.

Adam was also a “pattern” (tupos = model, or type) of Christ. Just as Adam brought physical life into the world, Christ brings spiritual life into the world.

5:15-17. Write down three contrasts between Adam and Christ found in these verses. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

How are we to understand “the many” who died because of the trespass of Adam? Compare Romans 5:12, 17. __________________________________________________________________________

Since “the many” really means all, then “the many” for whom Christ died likewise refers to all. Compare John 3:16.

5:18-19. This conclusion is stated clearly in 5:18. Notice how in v. 19 “all” is again called “the many”.

5:20. The Law made the trespass increase. Or as he says in 7:13, that “sin might become utterly sinful”. This then resulted in grace increasing all the more.

Notice the word “reign” in 5:21. In secular usage this term referred to the total control by kings over their subjects. In New Testament usage, of the rule by Christ and God in the life of the believer. What Paul is saying is that just as sin produces spiritual death, so grace, reigning through Christ, makes us righteous and results in eternal life. This concept is detailed in Chapter 6.

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Lesson 5

THE RESULTS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS:

6:1—7:25

A Gloriously Transformed Life with God, Ch. 6In 5:20 Paul said, “Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased, grace abounded all the more”. Because of this, some people were saying, then let sin abound! For God’s grace will only abound the more! That some people were actually taking this position see Romans 3:8.

It is this fallacious argument that Paul now addresses.

6:2. He does this by saying, “ _________________________”, and then illustrates this in v. 3 by “_____________________________”

In the New Testament period baptism was often performed soon after the person confessed Christ as Savior and Lord. Baptism was by immersion. In some places the baptistry was even carved in rock, in the shape of a cross. The one being baptized extended his arms, thus like Christ’s posture on the Cross. With this powerful imagery the baptized believer identified himself with Christ in His death, burial, and resurrection.

It is this life-transforming truth that Paul speaks of in this chapter. He does this with four key words. By claiming them for yourself, you too will experience a life of victory over sin. These key words are: know, yield, offer and obey.

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6:1-10. The things the believer in Christ is to “know” are:

v. 3 _____________________________________________________________________

v. 6 _____________________________________________________________________

v. 8 _____________________________________________________________________

Paul wants us to know that by accepting Christ into our lives we died, were buried, and were resurrected to a new life with Him! Our “old” sinful self, has been crucified with Christ. This means that sin no longer has control over us. We are empowered to live a pure and holy life. This union with Christ in His death to sin will ultimately lead to our union with Him in His resurrected life (6:5).

6:11. The second key word is “count”. This word may also be translated “reckon” or “consider”. This means allowing these truths of Scripture to enter and grip our hearts.

We must be careful not to intellectualize Christianity. It starts with knowing, but moves on to appreciation, and then to transformation. Without transformation, faith is but a hollow shell.

What will it mean in your daily experience to “count” yourself dead to sin and alive to God?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

6:13. Paul then moves us to the next level. Not only are to to “count” or “reckon”, but now we are to:__________________________________________________________________________

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We are no longer of “offer” the parts of our body to ___________ , making them instruments of _________________ , but now to intentionally offer ourselves to God, as instruments of _________________.

Consider this command to offer yourself, in your various “parts” to God. Specifically, how will you do this?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

What parts or aspects of your life will you no longer offer to sin so as to become instruments of wickedness?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

6:14. Why does Paul say, “For sin shall not be your master”?

__________________________________________

He speaks of those who sought righteousness by keeping the Law.

6:15. He then speaks to those who wildly transgress because they are not under the Law.

How does Paul answer his own question in 6:15? __________________________________________________________________________

6:16. What is his reasoning in saying this? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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The “bottom line” is that when we yield ourselves to someone or to some thing we become a “slave” to that person or thing.

What are some things to which you are, or have been, a “slave”?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

6:17-18. What now allows you to break this bondage to sin, and become a slave to righteousness? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

In 6:19 Paul says: I am using a simple illustration to help you understand this vital spiritual truth.

State this truth in your own words.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

As you do this, what will be the result in your life?__________________________________________________________________________

6:20-21. Paul repeats this—for emphasis's that we will really get it. What will be the end result of participating in things of which we are now ashamed? __________________________________________________________________________

6:22. What will be the result of yielding to and obeying God? __________________________________________________________________________

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6:23 summarizes the teaching of this chapter. One path leads to ___________________, the other to _________________,

through Jesus Christ our Lord.

This last phrase tells us that it is not “work your way to heaven”, but rather of allowing the life of Christ to change us. This involves a conscious decision to understand our position in Christ, consider it to be so, and yield to God’s control. It means “get with the program”—obey God!

Freed From the Law, Ch. 7In this parenthetical chapter Paul speaks to “those who know the law” and of his own struggles while under the Law and before Christ came into his life.

7:1-3. What illustration does he use for at first being under the Law, and then being freed from the Law? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

7:4. How do we become “dead” to the Law? __________________________________________________________________________

What happens when we belong “to him who has been raised from the dead”?__________________________________________________________________________

7:5. How does the sinful nature respond to the Law? __________________________________________________________________________

The Law, when used as a way to righteousness, only makes sin worse, and bears “fruit for death”.

7:6. How are we as believers in Christ to serve? What does this mean? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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7:7-12. Paul is writing from his experience.

When he says, in 7:9, “I was once alive apart from the law” he refers to those years before his “bar mitzvah” at age 13, when he then became accountable to the Law.

7:11. What does it mean that the law “killed me”? __________________________________________________________________________

Attempting to keep the Law in order to obtain a right standing with God cannot work. For as James 2:10, says “whoever keeps the whole law but fails in one point has become accountable for all of it.”

7:12-13. In what way is the law “holy and righteous and good”? __________________________________________________________________________

7:14-20. The Law is “spiritual” in the sense that it comes from God. Every command of God reflects His holy character. The problem comes with we humans. Paul says in 7:14 that we are “sold ___________________________________”. This means that by our old nature, we are like slaves and cannot do what we would.

The good we might want to do we do not do because (7:20): __________________________________________________________________________

7:21-25. There is, Paul says, not only the “law of God”, but also: __________________________________________________________________________

How can he be delivered from “this body of death”? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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The second half of 7:25 is Paul’s summary statement.

How does your experience compare with that of the apostle Paul?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

It should not be imagined that Paul lived as a Christian in this defeated state. What he says here relates to his life prior to coming to Christ, when he sought to keep the Law of God as a way of righteousness. As long as he sought a right standing with God through the law, another law was operating: the law of sin and death.

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Lesson 6

THE RESULTS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS:

8:1-39

No Condemnation in Christ Jesus8:1-2. Why will those “in Christ Jesus” not experience condemnation? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

What does it mean to be “set free”?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

8:3. Why is the Law “powerless” to make you righteous? __________________________________________________________________________

What is God’s solution to the problem of sin? __________________________________________________________________________

8:4. What is the “righteous requirement” of the Law? How will it be fulfilled in us? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

The Law sets forth God’s unchanging standards of right and wrong. But it also sets forth our inability to obey it fully. It was “our guardian” as Paul says in Galatians 3:24, “until Christ came”, when we were

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justified by faith. Led by the Spirit Christians will keep God’s commands.

Paul speaks in 8:5-8 of two kinds of people: those who live “according to the flesh”, and those who live “according to the Spirit”.

8:5. How does each of these two kinds live out their life?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

8:6. With what result?__________________________________________________________________________

Not only is death its final end, but it is continually taking steps toward that end. How do you see this lived out in lives around you? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

8:8. “Those who are in the flesh _____________________________________”.

8:9. What is the difference between being “in the flesh” and being “in the spirit”? __________________________________________________________________________

8:10. What does the “Spirit of Christ” produce in us?__________________________________________________________________________

8:11. What will the Spirit of Christ do in the future for our mortal bodies? __________________________________________________________________________

Our confidence is that just as the Spirit raised Jesus from the dead, so the Spirit of God will also raise us from the dead.

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8:13. What is our “obligation”, and with what consequences?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

What will be the end result of living according to the sinful nature? ________________________________________________________________

The “bottom line” is: “all who are led by the Spirit of God are sons of God”(8:14). What does this mean?__________________________________________________________________________

8:15-16. “The spirit of slavery” results in ___________________________

How are we further assured that as believers we are children of God?__________________________________________________________________________

“Abba” is the familiar word for “father” and is used by Jews both then and now.

8:17. On what is our sharing in Christ’s glory conditioned? __________________________________________________________________________

Is this condition an option? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Compare 2 Timothy 2:12 and Matthew 10:33.

8:18-21. Paul next compares our “sufferings ” with the “glory” “that is to be revealed to us”. He identifies this glory in 8:23 as “the redemption of our bodies”. The Christian, although living in a sinful

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body, but sanctified by the Spirit, will be delivered from that body and share in Christ’s heavenly glory.

This heavenly glory on the part of the redeemed is eagerly awaited by _________________. “Eager longing” meaning “to watch with outstretched hand.” All creation, both animate and inanimate earnestly longs to be delivered from the curse of the Fall (Genesis 3:17).

How is this truth expressed in 2 Peter 3:13 and Revelation 21:1? __________________________________________________________________________

8:22-23. How do both the creation and those who have “the firstfruits of the Spirit” respond to this expectation? __________________________________________________________________________

When will our “adoption as sons” take place?__________________________________________________________________________

Compare 2 Corinthians 4:18.

8:24-25. How should we to respond to this hope? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Not only do we “groan” to be delivered from these bodies of sin (8:23), but the Spirit also groans in prayer on our behalf.

What makes His intercession effective? __________________________________________________________________________

Just as the Spirit prays according to God’s will, so are Christians to pray. See 1 John 5:14-15. Thinking practically, how can your praying be “according to his will”?

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__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

8:28-39 should be understood in a way that gives full glory to God for His incredible salvation plan and redeeming work, yet also allows for man’s freedom to choose. That man does have this freedom is made abundantly clear by the Bible’s many exhortations to accept God’s offer of salvation through Christ and to live holy lives before Him.

8:28. How does this verse relate to the really “bad” things that take place in your life? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

To whom this promise is given. From the human side they _____________. From the divine side they are _________________.

God’s purpose is not just to call us to Himself, but also to use us in His service. Memorize Romans 8:28. It is full of encouragement. Do so now, then write it in the space below.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

This promise is made to those who are loving God. (The Greek agaposin is a present participle).

8:29. These, Paul says, He _______________________. His plan is that they will be ____________________________________________________ .

8:30. And these, Paul continues, he also ________________________ , _______________________, and

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_______________________. So sure is he of this progression that he puts “glorified” in the past (aorist) tense!

8:31. “If God is for us, who can be against us?” ___________________.

8:32. What else will God do for us?__________________________________________________________________________

8:33. Your answer to this question is: _________________. Why? __________________________________________________________________________

8:34. What else is Christ doing for us now?__________________________________________________________________________

How shall we answer the questions in 8:31,33,34, and 35?__________________________________________________________________________

8:36 quotes Psalm 44:22. In such dire straits—

8:37-39. Why are we “more than conquerors”? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Nothing in all creation can separate those who have responded in faith and obedience us from the love of God.

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Lesson 7

THE PROBLEM OF RIGHTEOUSNESS:

9:1—11:36

After speaking of the glories that await the believer in Christ, Paul next ponders the sad state of his own countrymen. In spite of their great privileges as children of Abraham by birth, they have yet to find righteousness through Christ.

9:1-5. How does Paul express his deep desire that his own race be converted to Christ? __________________________________________________________________________

How does he describe Christ in this passage? __________________________________________________________________________

There is a parallel today, to people who grew up in the church, know statements of belief and “the right words”, yet have not been changed. Why is this and what can be done about it? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

9:6-9. What does Paul mean, “not all who are descended from Israel belong to Israel”? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Relate your answer to the statement in v. 8: “but the children of the promise are counted as offspring.”

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9:10-15. Paul mentions Rebekah’s twins Jacob and Esau in order to show that “God’s purpose of election might continue, not because of _________ but because of ______________ .”

9:16. This truth is again emphasized. This means that:__________________________________________________________________________

Paul speaks this way because the Jews believed that their covenant relationship with God obligated Him to bless them based on their birth. This election, they believed, was God’s act that could not be dissolved. Jews adhered to it most tenaciously. It is stated for example, “The planting of them is rooted for ever; they shall not be plucked out all the days of the heaven: for the portion of the Lord and the inheritance of God is Israel, Psalms of Solomon 14:3.

9:17-18. Next Paul uses Pharaoh by way of illustration. The term “raised up” most likely means that God preserved his life during the plagues (Exodus Ch. 7-11), in order that God’s power might be displayed through him.

This passage is sometimes understood in a way that portrays God as arbitrary in His choice of some and rejecting others. This is a vital subject and one that must be examined carefully. In 9:3 Paul expressed a willingness to be “accursed and cut off from Christ” if that would bring salvation to his Jewish countrymen. Would he have spoken this way if he knew it was simply God’s sovereign choice?__________________________________________________________________________

Throughout this epistle Paul makes it clear that God shows mercy to those who come by faith (Ch. 4), and

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that He rejects those who come by way of works. See 9:30-32 and 10:1-4.

9:32. Why was Israel rejected? __________________________________________________________________________

10:3. Again, why was Israel rejected?

__________________________________________

The Jews were arguing: “if I keep God’s commands, He is obligated to accept me.” Not so, Paul says. God can do as He pleases. And what He pleases is to accept those who come by faith in repentance and obedience, and to reject those who seek to come any other way.

Paul continues in chapter 10 to express his deep concern for his fellow Jews.

10:1-4. What was the result of the Jews’ seeking to establish their own righteousness? __________________________________________________________________________

What does it mean, “Christ is the end of the law”? __________________________________________________________________________

10:5-13. Paul here contrasts the way of righteousness through the Law, from that which is through faith in Christ Jesus. Paul here takes Moses’ words from Deuteronomy 30:11-14 and applies them to Christ.

What application is then made in 10:9-10?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

If Paul were teaching that God simply elects some to salvation and rejects others, what reason would he have for writing as he does in these verses?

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To understand Paul aright, we need to think about the historical context. He is writing about his own race, a people who were seeking righteousness by keeping the laws of the Old Testament. But Paul’s own experience (Ch. 7), and his consistent teaching is that this is simply not possible. If it were, he says, then Christ’s death was unnecessary. Compare Galatians 2:21. God’s election is based, not on working for righteousness, but on coming to God by faith, as did Abraham. He further says that this righteousness is available to all people.

Thus 10:12-13, states:__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

10:14-15. This truth then leads to his missionary message. How can people call on the Lord until they hear the message about Him?__________________________________________________________________________

What application of this passage do you see as appropriate for you and your church? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

10:16. What does it mean “to obey” the gospel?__________________________________________________________________________

10:17. Why did not all receive the good news?__________________________________________________________________________

10:18. In what sense have all people heard? Cf. Psalm 19.__________________________________________________________________________

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10:19-21. Paul here speaks of Moses (Deuteronomy 32:11) and Isaiah’s (65:1-2) prophesy of how Jews would react when Gentiles came to God. These verses accurately express Paul’s experience. Most Jews rejected his message, becoming angry and violent. At the same time many non-Jews responded in faith and obedience.

10:21. What was the basic problem the Jews had?__________________________________________________________________________

Since the Israelites, by and large, rejected Jesus as Messiah, the question raised is, did God respond in kind by rejecting them? It is this question that Paul addresses in Ch. 11.

11:1. How does Paul answer this question? __________________________________________________________________________

Paul himself is an example of how God is still at work among the Jews.

11:2-6. Paul next draws on the example of Elijah, who felt that there were none among the Jews who were faithful to God. How did God assure Elijah? __________________________________________________________________________

11:5. Paul’s application is that ____________________________________ .

On what basis did God choose them? ___________________________

11:6. Paul emphasizes something very important: that God’s choice is based on__________________, and not on __________________.

Paul is not saying that some are elect by God’s sovereign choice while others are not. His point rather, is that God’s choice is based on His free

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grace and is received through faith. It is available to all, apart from human works. For as Scripture says, “Whoever is thirsty, let him come, and whoever wishes, let him take the free gift of the water of life.” Revelation 22:17 (NIV)

11:7. Israel “failed to obtain” God’s favor, but they “did not submit to God’s righteousness” (10:3). God chooses “by grace” (11:5); those who refuse God’s way are “hardened” (9:30-32).

11:8-10. In speaking of unbelieving Jews, the Old Testament says that God gave them “a spirit of stupor”—and because they rejected God’s way through grace, they were hardened.

Relate this to the area where you live. Discuss what’s going on, and how you might make a difference for Christ.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

11:11. Because many Jews had rejected Christ, Paul again asks: has God given up on the Jews? His answer is: ___________

What good has resulted from their rejection of Christ?__________________________________________________________________________

In 11:12 Paul speaks of a still future blessing God has for Israel.

11:13-15. Paul then turns to his Gentile readers. As “an apostle to the Gentiles”, why does he now “magnify” his ministry to them? __________________________________________________________________________

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11:16. The first metaphor speaks of Jews (like himself) who are accepted by faith, thus indicating that all Jews can be accepted on this same basis. The second metaphor alludes to Abraham, who came by faith, thus showing that all Israelites can be accepted. See 11:28.

In 11:17-19 Israel is seen as a cultivated olive tree, while believing Gentiles are grafted into this tree from a wild olive tree.

What attitude should gentile believers have regarding this?__________________________________________________________________________

11:20. Why were the “natural” branches (Jews) cut off? __________________________________________________________________________

11:20. On what basis were the wild branches grafted in? __________________________________________________________________________

11:22. What is necessary in order for the wild branches not to be cut off?__________________________________________________________________________

11:23-24. What will happen if the natural branches do not continue in unbelief? __________________________________________________________________________

11:25. All of this, Paul calls a “mystery”. What is this mystery?__________________________________________________________________________

11:26. The time when Jews will come to their Messiah is:__________________________________________________________________________

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11:28. Even in their unbelief, why does God continue to love

them? _________________________________________________________________

11:29. Because: _______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

11:30-31. In these verses Paul restates the essence of this “mystery.”

11:32. How do you understand this verse?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Relate your answer to what Paul has been saying throughout this epistle? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

11:33-36. A doxology of praise is produced in Paul as he reflects on the wondrous truth that God extends His offer of salvation to all people, and even uses Jews who rejected Christ to promote His kingdom. Yet He does not finally reject them, but rather will yet “turn godlessness away from Jacob”.

How does v. 35 relate to the entire argument of this epistle?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson 8

THE PRACTICE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS:

12:1-21

By Living Transformed Lives: 12:1-21The focus of this chapter, and of the remainder of Romans, is on the practical—that is, on how we are to live out what Christ has done for us.

12:1. Notice the word ”therefore” in this verse. This word connects what he has just said at the end of chapter 11, to what he will now say in how to practice righteousness.

Paul here says that “by the _____________ God” we are to: __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

What is the difference between presenting our body, and just presenting our heart, or our mind to God?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Sandy & Headlum2 make this helpful comment: “Just as the sacrifice in all ancient religions must be clean and without blemish, so we must offer bodies to God which are holy and free from the stains of passion.”

To “present your bodies” reminds us of what Paul taught in 6:1-3.

2 The International Critical Commentary: The Epistle to the Romans, pg. 352.

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This is the essence of Christian living. It is, Paul adds, your “_____________________ _________________________ The word translated “worship”, (latreia), is more properly translated “service” or “service of worship”. See also Romans 9:4.

12:2. Presenting our bodies to God (vs. 1) is challenged by the conforming pressure of “this world”.

As Christians, how are we to avoid being conformed to the values of this world and be truly transformed?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

How are you implementing this spiritual service in your own life?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

How can you determine what is God’s will for your life? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12:3-8. How does not being proud (v. 3) relate to the exercise of faith in verses 4-8?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

How does faith relate to using your gifts for Christ?__________________________________________________________________________

What does it mean, “each member belongs to all the others”?__________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________

In looking over this list of gifts, which one best suits your personality? __________________________________

How are you using this gift now, or how would you like to use it in the future?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12:9-13. Paul next introduces the subject of love. Without God’s love flowing out from our lives, spiritual gifts are of no value. Compare 1 Corinthians 12 and 13.

12:9. Is “abhor” (or “hate”) the opposite of “love”? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

What are some of the evil things in our world that we are to abhor? As Christians, how should we demonstrate this? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12:10. How will you practice these two admonitions? Be specific. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

In specific ways, how can you obey this command to honor others above yourself? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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12:11. Share ideas that can help you follow this injunction. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

“Christians may burn out, but they should not rust out.” How do you respond to this saying?__________________________________________________________________________

12:12. In spite of trying circumstances in our lives, why should the Christian be joyful? __________________________________________________________________________

How does this admonition about prayer apply to you?__________________________________________________________________________

12:13. Based on this verse, respond to this saying: “What we keep we loose; what we give we have.”__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Share your suggestions about Christian hospitality. Why is it such an important ministry? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12:14. Christians in the New Testament period lived in a world of very significant persecution.

How can this command be practiced in your experience?

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__________________________________________________________________________

In this regard, how does John 15:20 encourage you? __________________________________________________________________________

12:15. How will obeying this admonition promote the cause of Christ? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12:16. How does the first sentence relate to the rest of the verse? Compare 1 Corinthians 1:28-31. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12:17. How can we avoid repaying evil for evil? See also Matthew 5:38-45; 1 Thessalonians 5:15 and 1 Peter 3:9.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Is there a difference between doing what is right, and doing right in the eyes of everybody? Explain.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12:18. Relate an instance when you put this truth into practice. (Or relate one when you failed to do so.) See Matthew 5:9 and 1 Corinthians 13:5.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Why is it not always possible to live at peace with others? __________________________________________________________________________

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What can you do to promote peace in a relationship? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

12:19. Why should we not take revenge? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Based on these two verses, share your comments on this statement: “The only real way to destroy an enemy is to make him a friend.”__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson 9

THE PRACTICE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS:

13:1-21

By Submitting to Authority, 13:1-713:1. What is the clear mandate that applies to “every person”? __________________________________________________________________________

This mandate applies to all—regardless of economic or social status. Why is this important to society?__________________________________________________________________________

How should it be implemented by Christians?__________________________________________________________________________

What is the ultimate basis for this mandate?__________________________________________________________________________

13:2. What really happens when people ignore this command to obey the governing authorities?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

What will happen to those who rebel against this authority?__________________________________________________________________________

13:3. How can we be free from the “terror” of government authority?__________________________________________________________________________

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13:4. What are some ways that government does us “good”?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

13:5. What part does “conscience” play in submitting to secular authority?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

13:6. Why does Scripture tell us to pay taxes3?__________________________________________________________________________

13:7. Summarize what Paul says about submission to secular authorities.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Discuss with your group how this teaching works out in your everyday life.

By Living a Life of Love, 13:8-14.13:8. This section begins with a statement about debt, which

is: _____________________________________________________________________

Living with debt can be a huge problem. Be prepared to discuss how Christians should deal with this in everyday living. See Proverbs 22:7.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

3 See also Matthew 22:17-22; Luke 20:21-25.

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__________________________________________________________________________

What other kind of debt does Paul refer to?__________________________________________________________________________

13:8-10. How is practicing love fulfilling the Law?__________________________________________________________________________

What are some acts of your love that demonstrate your commitment to Christ? Share these during your group meeting.__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

13:11-14. In this paragraph Paul urges us to “wake up from sleep.” What does this mean?__________________________________________________________________________

The reason he gives is: “our salvation is nearer to us now than when we first believed.” This idea is expressed again in v. 12. That Christ would soon return was the fervent hope of the early Church (and continues to be our hope today). See 2 Thessalonians 2:1-4.

The expectation of Christ’s return should have a strong influence on how we live our lives. How does Paul describe how we are to live our lives in avoiding the fleshly ways of this world? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

We are to “cast off” the old ways and “put on” our new life in Christ as one takes clothes on and off. See Colossians 3:5-14.

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Share in your group meeting areas of your life where putting off the old man and putting on the life of Christ apply.

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson 10

THE PRACTICE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS:

14:1—15:13

By Living Together in God’s Family, 14:1—15:13.As noted in this epistle elsewhere, Paul wrote to a diverse group of believers. Some were Jewish in background, while others were non-Jewish, or Gentile. See Romans 1:13; 2:17; 4:1; 7:1,4; 11:13. Their unity was found—then as now—at the foot of the Cross, where all are equal. Yet there were problems, which Paul now addresses.

14:1-4. Paul first speaks of the problem about food. Jews had very strict dietary regulations, while the Gentiles had none.

14:1. Our attitude in matters of food should be:__________________________________________________________________________

14:2. Why does Paul characterize the person with great scruples as being “weak” in the faith?__________________________________________________________________________

14:3. What should be the attitude of both the “strong” person and the “weak” toward each other?__________________________________________________________________________

14:4. How does Paul defend both the “strong” and the “weak”?__________________________________________________________________________

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14:5-6. The second example has to do with:__________________________________________________________________________

Why is it important to have convictions about what you believe?__________________________________________________________________________

14:7-12. How does this principle relate to judging others about their convictions? __________________________________________________________________________

Does this mean that we should accept just any view of someone who comes into our fellowship? Why, or why not? (Consider the Bible’s teaching overall in regard to Christian living.)__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

“We should live our lives in view of our accountability to the Lord, and not to one another.” How does this statement make you feel?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

14:13. What should our attitude be regarding those with whom we disagree? __________________________________________________________________________

14:14. What was Paul’s conviction regarding foods? __________________________________________________________________________

14:15-16. How are those who are “strong” to conduct themselves when in the company of the “weak”? __________________________________________________________________________

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14:17-18. What is the kingdom of God really all about, and with what result? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

14:19-21. What is our responsibility? __________________________________________________________________________

14:22-23. What does it mean, “everything that does not come from faith is sin”? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

15:1-2. What attitude are we who are strong to have regarding the weak? (“We who are strong” includes Paul, 14:14.) __________________________________________________________________________

15:3. In the illustration of Christ, Paul quotes Psalm 69:9. The entire verse from this Messianic Psalm reads: “for zeal for your house consumes me, and the insults of those who insult you fall on me.” In John 2:17 the disciples applied the first part of this verse was to Jesus. Paul is here saying that Jesus accepted the insults of men in order to fulfill God’s purposes for His coming.

15:4. What is the purpose of “everything that was written in the past”? (i.e., the Old Testament)__________________________________________________________________________

How does this focus on the Old Testament speak to you?__________________________________________________________________________

How is 15:5-6 applied to the “strong” and “weak”? __________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________

15:7-12. In this passage we again get a glimpse of what Paul elaborated on in chapters 9-11. Summarize what Paul is saying in these verses. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

While the issues of great concern in the church at Rome (special foods and special days) may not be issues for you, the teaching here has more general application. Share those issues in your life and circumstances where this principle does apply. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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What actions are you willing to trust God to help you take in these matters?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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15:13. As you reflect on these matters, how does this verse encourage you? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson 11

CONCLUSIONSCHS. 15:14—16:27

15:14-15. Since Paul speaks so highly of these Christians, why does he also speak to them so boldly? __________________________________________________________________________

Is there a principle here for us to follow? If so, what is it? __________________________________________________________________________

15:16. What was Paul’s “priestly duty”? __________________________________________________________________________

By this term Paul describes the way his ministry is similar to that of the Old Testament priest. His “offering” of Gentiles is acceptable to God because: (Compare Jewish thought here.)__________________________________________________________________________

15:17-18. What attitude does Paul show in regard to his ministry? __________________________________________________________________________

How does the word “obey”, used here, differ from the word “believe”?__________________________________________________________________________

15:19. How was his ministry accomplished?__________________________________________________________________________

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His ministry then extended from Jerusalem to Illyricum, a large Roman province north and west of Greece.

15:20-22. It was because of his call to evangelize the totally unreached that Paul had been hindered from visiting Rome.

15:23-29. In these verses Paul outlined his ministry plans. These were: carry the offering he had collected to the Jerusalem church, then journey to Rome, on the way to Spain. This plan was forcefully altered however, because of his arrest in Jerusalem. It was only two years later that he arrived in Rome, but now as a prisoner. This account is detailed in Acts 21:17-28:31.

15:30-33. Why is it important to pray for God’s servants?__________________________________________________________________________

Keep in mind that Paul had urged prayer that these plans would work out. What lesson does this provide for us?__________________________________________________________________________

16:1-2. Phoebe, evidently the carrier of this epistle, was “a servant”(diakonon) of the church in Cenchrea (near Corinth). She loved to help people, and this was just one more of her good deeds. In what way was the church to receive her?__________________________________________________________________________

There are many different ways we can serve Christ. Some may preach or teach, while others do deeds of kindness in the name of Christ. How are you helping promote the kingdom of God?__________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________

16:3-15. In this section are the names of some of Paul’s friends and former coworkers who had moved to Rome. Some have Jewish names, while others have Gentile ones. The cosmopolitan character of this church is thus evident from this list.

16:3. Paul had met Pricilla and Aquilla while he ministered in Corinth, Acts 18:1-3.

16:4. We do not know what their heroic ministry was. Paul had a number of experiences in which he barely escaped with his life.

16:5. Churches in the early days met in people’s homes. There is even some evidence that churches were later built on some of these sites. Is it a good idea for churches to meet in homes today? Share your thoughts. __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

16:7. “Outstanding among the apostles” either means they were outstanding in proclaiming Christ (thus doing the work of an apostle), or that they were recognized by the apostles as being outstanding in this work.

16:8-15. Apparently Peter was not in Rome at that time, for if he were, Paul surely would have greeted him.

16:16. This admonition was practiced in the early church, and is still practiced in the Eastern Church. Compare 1 Corinthians 16:20; 1 Thessalonians 5:26; and 1 Peter 5:14. How should this aspect of Christian fellowship be practiced today?__________________________________________________________________________

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16:17-18. By what standard should these people be evaluated?__________________________________________________________________________

These people may have been those who sought to bring converts back under the Law, or antinomians, who taught that believers could do anything they liked. Paul vigorously opposed both of these errant teachings throughout his ministry.

While we should seek peace and harmony, by what standard must truth be defended? __________________________________________________________________________

16:19. Why was Paul “full of joy”?__________________________________________________________________________

What does the second part of this verse mean, and how does it relate to your life?__________________________________________________________________________

16:20. Following the death of Christ, the next great event in God’s plan is Christ’s return. Compare Romans 13:12.

16:21-24. Paul extends greetings from those who were with him. Tertius served as Paul’s writing secretary. Gaius is mentioned in Acts 18:7 and 1 Corinthians 1:14.

16:25-27. With these meaningful words Paul ends this epistle. God “is able to establish you according to ____________________”. The truth of Christ’s redemptive sacrifice was clearly proclaimed by the apostle Paul. Compare Galatians 1:11-12.

How does this statement relate to Romans 16:17? __________________________________________________________________________

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16:26. What is God’s purpose concerning this gospel? __________________________________________________________________________

Is it sufficient to believe? Or must we also obey? Why? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Both in the design and in the execution of this glorious gospel, it is God, and God alone who gets the glory, forever!

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Lesson 12

KNOWING ROMANSLIKE THE BACK OF YOUR HAND

As you review, use again the illustration of a person’s hand.Just as there are four fingers, plus a thumb on your hand, so are there five main divisions in the book of Romans.Let’s start with your “pinkie”—and the first of these divisions: all have sinned, 1:17—3:20. (You might also mention that Paul speak of three kinds of sinner in these verses—the gross sinner, the self-righteous sinner, and the Jew. All people NEED righteousness.Then with the second finger, or the “ring” finger” point out that a right relationship with Christ come by our faith in Jesus and what He accomplished on the Cross. We are “wed” to him by faith. This WAY of righteousness is for all people—Jew and Gentile alike. That takes us through Ch. 4.The third finger speaks of the RESULTS of righteous-ness—which are many, including (Ch. 5) peace with God, access to God, hope of the glory of God, and the ability to rejoice—even in sufferings. More than that, the ability to live transformed lives is taught in the balance of this third main division of the book—Chs. 5—8. The index finger illustrates the PROBLEM of righteousness, namely, why Jews (for the most part) reject God’s gracious way of

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righteousness. The answer is: because they insist on seeking to achieve it through the Laws of Moses, and not by God’s way of faith. That’s the main teaching in Chs. 9-11.Finally, there is the thumb, which illustrates the PRACTICE of righteousness. Chs. 12—15 speak of how we are called to live out the righteousness of God in us, by presenting our bodies as a living sacrifice and being transformed by the renewing of our minds (12:1-2). The balance of these chapters are filled with practical out workings of the life of faith.As you review this illustration, ask your learners to open their fingers again, showing their palm. Asking them to visualize in their palm, the nail-scarred hand of Jesus. He is the one who makes all of this possible. Finally, point out their arm should remind them of the arm of God, reaching down in his love, to a world of desperate need (John 3:16).Paul wrote to a socially diverse and influential church—located at the very center of the powerful Roman Empire. This church was almost surely founded by those from the Jewish faith who had been converted during Pentecost. See Acts 2:10.

It is clear from the book itself that this church was made up of converts both from Judaism and from Gentiles. Among the latter were some of high connections with government and others of low estate.

The epistle is the most complete statement of Paul’s gospel in the New Testament.

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He wrote to provide a strong theological foundation for the church at Rome, and to tell them of his planned visit and of trip to Spain.

The BIG PICTURE of Romans is: “How can mankind be made righteous before God?” In 1:17 Paul boldly declares:

“The righteous shall live by faith4”After an important introduction in 1:1-17, he launches into this topic.

First, he speaks in great detail about man’s NEED for righteousness, in 1:18-3:20. Now isn’t that a lot of verses to tell us that we are all sinners? (As if we didn’t know that already!) But why is it so important to first see ourselves as “dead in transgressions and sins”? (See also Ephesians 2:1)__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Having established this fact, first in regard to gross pagans, and then for morally upright people and for Jews, he next establishes the WAY of righteousness in 3:21-4:25. That way he states in 3:22, is “through faith in Jesus Christ” and it is available “for all who believe”. That righteousness cannot come by works Paul establishes by using the example of Abraham in Ch. 4. For it was Abraham’s faith that was “counted as righteousness” long before the Law was given through Moses.

Share your experience of seeing yourself as a sinner, and of placing your faith in Jesus Christ for your salvation.__________________________________________________________________________

4 Habakkuk 2:4 equally means faith and faithfulness.

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__________________________________________________________________________

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In the third main division of Romans Paul speaks of the RESULTS of justification, in chapters 5-8. First he establishes what it is to be in Christ (Ch. 5), and then sets forth powerfully what it is to have Christ in us, in Ch. 6. In Ch. 7 he shares his experiences before he gave his life to Christ, when he struggled mightily to do what was right, but found sin always with him. In spiritual anguish he cries out in 7:25, “Who will deliver me from this body of death?” And immediately he affirms that it is “through Jesus Christ our Lord!” In Ch. 8 he talks about how God’s righteous requirements are fulfilled in those “who walk not according to the flesh but according to the Spirit” (8:4). He concludes this section with the glorious promises that nothing can separate from God’s love those who live according to the Spirit.

Review again Romans Ch. 6 and share your Christian experience based on this passage.__________________________________________________________________________

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In Chapters 9-11 Paul deals at length with the PROBLEM of righteousness as it relates to his fellow Jews. He states this most clearly in 10:3. “For, being ignorant of the righteousness that comes from God, and seeking to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness.”

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This is a problem still today. Some would try and reach heaven by their own good deeds and effort.

What can you share with a person who feels they are “good enough” to get into heaven?__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

The last main division of Romans is how to PRACTICE Christ’s righteousness, in Chs. 12-15. These chapters are filled with commands about “walking the walk” in every part of our lives. What important spiritual guideline does Paul give in 12:1-2 that will enable us to “walk the walk” with Christ?__________________________________________________________________________

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In the last portion of Romans Paul shares many personal greetings and his planned visit to Rome. Over two years later Paul did get to Rome, but only as a prisoner. Yet God used even this, as is evident from Acts 28:30-31.

How will you share this study?Now that you have completed this study of Romans, it is time to ask the “so what” question. In other words, what will you do with what you have gathered into your mind and heart over these past weeks? Here are a couple of suggestions.

The first is not a mere suggestion. You must live out the message of Romans in your life. In Romans Paul makes this abundantly clear. It will enable you to live a life of spiritual victory. And your friends will see Christ in you.

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Second, God may lead you to share this study with another person, or even in a small group. You can download or purchase copies of this course by logging on to:

TrainingInMinistry.comIf you are going to lead others through this study of Romans, it is vital that you—

study each lesson afresh, and that you spend time praying for this group and for your

leading of it. Let your leading of each lesson take the form of a

discussion. keep this discussion focused on the Scripture

passage being studied and on the related questions.

personalize the time by asking questions like, “What does this mean to me?” or, “How will it change me?”

Changed lives is the goal of all Bible study.

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