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The Henderson Repository is a free resource of the HonorSociety of Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International. It isdedicated to the dissemination of nursing research, research-related, and evidence-based nursing materials. Take credit for allyour work, not just books and journal articles. To learn more,visit www.nursingrepository.org
Item type Presentation
Title Training Nurses for Charge Nurse Duties ThroughSimulation
Authors Zlatkin, Igal; Peker, Haia
Downloaded 15-May-2018 22:55:55
Link to item http://hdl.handle.net/10755/335171
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Training Nurses for Charge
Nurse Duties through Simulation
Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
Igal Zlatkin - RN, MA, Coordinator of Nursing Staff Professional Development
Haya Peker - RN, MA, Nursing Director
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Charge Nurses’ Duties and Responsibilities
Managing, supervising
and assisting the
nursing staff of the unit
during the shift
Providing administrative
support and patient
care
Caring for 4-8 patients
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Nursing Shift Scheduling in Israel
The three - shift system:
Morning shift: 7AM - 3PM
Evening shift: 3PM - 11PM
Night shift: 11PM - 7AM
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Charge Nurse:Managerial Requirements
Staff members’ management.
On-going real- time decision making
Communication skills.
Multi-tasking
Integration of knowledge and skills
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Charge Nurses’ Educational Requirements
RN (preferable with an academic degree)
Advanced clinical nursing program in
selected units:
Critical care nursing (CCN).
Emergency- care nursing (ER).
Operating room nursing (OR).
Midwifery.
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Novice Charge Nurse
Stressful situation
Anxiety and uncertainty
Need for more appropriate
training
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Simulation Training Well established in healthcare
education
Increasingly common in nursing
education
Training in a risk-free learning
environment where errors can be
permitted
A method to teach clinical and critical
thinking skills, communication and
team interactions Cant & Cooper, 20107
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Simulation Training
8
•Time and resource
investment
•High staff-to-learner
ratio
• Cost benefits???
•Homogeneous
experience
•Learning from
mistakes
•Wide range of
situations
Hallenbeck, 2012; Stayt, 2011; Levett-Jones, 2011
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The Role of the Preceptor
The most important factor of effective
simulation-based training.
Adequate preparation to provide
simulation
Explaining, refereeing, coaching and
discussing
Interaction with the trainees during
scenarios that facilitate critical thinking
and decision-making, allowing them to
learn from their mistakesAlinier et al, 2006; Schoening et al, 20069
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The purpose of the study
• Examination of the effect of
preparing the novice nurses to
the charge nurse position
through simulation
• Measuring the impact of
simulation-based training on the
decision making, performance,
anxiety and satisfaction of
novice charge nurses
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Method• Prospective and comparative study
• Convenience sample of 42 registered nurses, working in Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
• 22 nurses were trained to charge nurse position by moderate-fidelity simulation (simulation group)
• 20 nurses were prepared by lectures regarding charge nurse duties, hospital’s rules and policies (control group)
• Informed consent of participants and
approval of research committee were received
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Simulation-based Workshop
Real world situations in a
controllable format.
Routine and unpredictable
events.
Use of knowledge and skills
Fast decision making.
Analysis and feedback after each
scenario.
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Simulation-based Workshop
6 scenarios based on real situations
Checklists that referrer to each scenario
Validation of the scenarios and checklists by nursing directors and clinical preceptors.
6 preceptors were prepared
Operating the workshop: Everyone participates in each scenario
Each scenario lasts 40 minutes: 20 minutes for running the scenario and 20 minutes for analysis and feedback.
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The study population
SignificanceControl
group
Simulation
group
χ2 =.239 (n.s.) 45MaleGender1617Female
Χ2=.1.605 (n.s.)12RNEducation1920RN + BA/MA
t = 1.3 (n.s.)27.128.8Age
t =-.185 (n.s.)1.51.4
Years of experience
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Research Instruments
1. Participants’ satisfaction and their
rating of usefulness of the simulation-
based training:
– Questionnaires designed by the
researchers and validated by expert
judgement
– 6 items, scored by Likert scale from
1 to 5
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Research Instruments (cont.)2. Checklist of charge nurses’ tasks – designed by the
researchers and validated by expert judgement
– Being informed about the status of all complicated
patients
– Staff assignments
– Preparedness to patient admission
– Calling appropriate services (shift supervisor, pharmacist-
on-duty, maintenance staff, CPR staff)
– Accurate report to shift supervisor regarding the ward
status
Each task is scored by Likert scale from 1 to 5
The total score was calculated18
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Research Instrumets (cont.)
3. Script concordance test evaluating
charge nurses’ decision-making
– The test was designed by the
researchers and validated by
expert judgement
– The test consists of 6 items
describing common situations
that require fast decision making
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Script Concordance Test• Method of assessment for clinical data
interpretation
– Examines steps used in clinical reasoning
– Case-based assessment
– “Real Life” scenarios allow uncertainty
– Same scenario for each learner
– Objective scoring instead of subjective
judgment of skilled observers
20Deschenes et al, 2011; Humbert et al, 2011
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SCT Test
21
Clinical scenario
If you were thinking of…
And then you find… This hypothesis becomes…
Nursing
Hypothesis
New information -2 -1 0 +1 +2
- 2 = rejected/ contraindicated - 1 = less relevant/not very useful 0 = neither less nor more useful +1 = useful +2 = necessary
Brief description of problem/ situation
Relevant hypothesis/intervention
New information:• Change in patient conditions• Laboratory result
Learner must make a decision
Deschenes et al, 2011; Humbert et al, 2011
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You're the charge nurse during night shift. At 4 AM noise was heard from room N 14. When you've entered the room, you've found the patient A.B. laying on the floor next to his bed. A.B. is confused (He has an Altzhaimer's disease) and unable to explain what happened. You’ve reported to the physician and his responce was: « If the patient is OK I'll see him at 6 AM »
If you think of… And then you find… The intervention will become...
Calling the physician to see the patient right now
Patient vital signs are within the normal range. No visible injury.
-2 -1 0 +1 +2
- 2 = rejected/ contraindicated - 1 = less relevant/not very useful 0 = neither less nor more useful +1 = useful +2 = necessary
Example Question
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Example Question
23
You're the charge nurse during evening shift. In addition to being charge nurse, you're caring for 8 complicated patients. Your staff is experienced nurse 49 y.o. and novice nurse 27 y.o. who is pregnant (12 th week). You've got a message from ER about admission of patient suspected to measles within the next 30 minutes
If you think of… And then you find… This decision will become…
Asking the experienced nurse to take care of the patient suspected to measles
The experienced nurse refuses to take care of the patient. She doesn't remember whether she had measles in the past. The novice nurse is sure she hadn't measles.
-2 -1 0 +1 +2
- 2 = rejected/ contraindicated - 1 = less relevant/not very useful 0 = neither less nor more useful +1 = useful +2 = necessary
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Scoring of SCT
Do the clinical decisions chosen by the learner have
concord with those of the “Reference Panel” ?
– A group of experienced nursing professionals/ clinical preceptors (at least 10)
– Each question score depends on the number of Reference Panel answers
0 : 8 members 1 : 7 members All other answers
8/8 = 1 point 7/8 = 0.88 point
0/15 = 0 point
Example: Scoring by 15 experts
24Deschenes et al, 2011; Humbert et al, 2011
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Procedure
• Measurement of participants’ perception of the
training usefulness:
– Immediately after the training
– 6 months after commencing charge nurse duty
performance
• Measurement of charge nurses decision-
making
─ 6 months after commencing charge nurse duty
performance
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Procedure (cont.)
• Observations of novice charge nurses’
performance of their duties:
– By 3 trained observers
– During 3rd to 4th month of performing charge nurse
duties
– Scoring by the checklists
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Results
27
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Participants’ rating immediately after trainingt-test, n=42
SigtStand.
Dev.MeanGroup
P<.013.780.494.63SimulationMeeting the
Expectations 0.514.05Control
p<.052.60.514.50SimulationDecision -
making 0.604.086 months
P<.017.430.474.68SimulationCommunication
skills 0.513.55Control
n.s.2.450.694.18SimulationAnxiety
reduction 0.453.89Control
28
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Participants’ rating 6 months after trainingt-test, n=42
SigtStand.
Dev.MeanGroup
p<.00112.450.294.9SimulationMeeting the
Expectations 0.583.15Control
p<.0018.420.384.81SimulationDecision -
making 0.613.516 months
P<.0018.480.474.63SimulationCommunication
skills 0.513.35Control
n.s.4.180.594.15SimulationAnxiety
reduction 0.673.94Control
29
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Participants’ rating :Decision Making Skills Training
30
4.54.8
4.05 3.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Immediately After 6 months
Simulation group Control group
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Decision-making scoret-test, n=42
Method of teaching Mean SD t Sig.
Script Concordance
TestScore
Simulation group
5.7 .65
2.72 p <.05Control group 4.9 1.2
31
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Observation scoret-test, n=42
Method of teaching Mean SD t Sig.
Charge Nurses
Activities Check List
Score
Simulation group
18.9 3.06
2.05 p <.05Control group 17.2 2.2
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Conclusions
Simulation in nursing staff development is an effective
training strategy to assess and strengthen the skills and
competence in nursing practice.
Simulation techniques may efficiently prepare novice nurses
to the charge nurse tasks.
Simulation training may improve the quality of performance
33
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Limitations of the study• Small sample
• A non-random sample
• The tools validated by expert judgement only
• Higher frequency of charge nurse duties
performance by the simulation group members
(possible due to better performance level)
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Developing a more detailed check list describing charge
nurse duties
Quality of shift managers' performance as a function of
their preparation, based on more frequent observation by
shift and off-shift supervisors
Further Research to be Conducted:
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Thanks… To the clinical preceptors for participation in the
workshop:
Lena Vainshtein
Marina Feldman
Sophie Gimpelson
Alexey Dvorkin
Vicky Chernyack
Matan Offir
Gleb Dubinsky
To Mrs Tamara Keshet , Yezreel Valley College
Simulation Center manager, for assistance with the
workshop.
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ReferencesAlinier, G., Hunt, B., Gordon, R. & Harwood, C. (2006). Effectiveness of
intermediate- fidelity simulation training technology in undergraduate
nursing education. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54(3), 350-369.
Cant, R. P. & Cooper, S. J. (2010). Simulation-based learning in nurse
education: systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(1), 3-15.
Deschenes, M.F., Charlin, B., Gagnon, R. & Goudreau, J. (2011). Use of Script
Concordance Test to Assess Development of Clinical Reasoning in Nursing
Students
Hallenbeck, V.J. (2012). Use of high-fidelity simulation for staff
education/development: a systematic review of the literature. Journal for
Nurses in Staff Development, 28(6), 260-269.
Humbert, A.J. et al., (2011). Assessment of clinical reasoning: A Script
Concordance test designed for pre-clinical medical students. Medical
Teacher, 33(6), 472-477
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Larew, C., Lessans, S., Spunt, D., Foster, D. & Covington, B. (2006).
Innovations in clinical simulation: application of Benner's theory in an
interactive patient care simulation. Nursing Education Perspectives, 27 (1).
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Levett-Jones T, Lapkin S, Hoffman K, Arthur C, Roche J.(2011). Examining the
impact of high and medium fidelity simulation experiences on nursing students'
knowledge acquisition. Nurse Education in Practice, 11(6). 380-383.
Schoening, A. M., Sittner, B. J. & Todd, M. J. (2006). Simulated clinical
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Stayt, L.(2011). Clinical simulation: a sine qua non of nurse education or a white
elephant? Nurse Education Today, 32(5), 23-27.