Training Material Euro 4/5 - IVECO - IVECO EURO 4-5/STRALIS EURO... · 2009-08-30 · oxygen during...

Training Material Euro 4/5

April 2005

22Training Material: April 2005; Euro 4/5; English Master Version for Classroom Training ; “Euro 4-5.ppt”

Value for customers

• Productivity on the road

• Transport safety

• Environmental care

Iveco global strategyIveco global strategyIveco global strategy


Environmental careEnvironmental careEnvironmental care

Key issue Euro 4 – 5

• Legislation

• Technology

• Iveco strategy

• Competitors situation

• Customer advantages

• Conclusion


Emission Limits

Euro 3

NOx

PM

Till 2006

5,05,0

0,100,10

Euro 3 RegistrationEuro 3 RegistrationEuro 3 Registration


Euro 4 Registration step 1Euro 4 Registration step 1Euro 4 Registration step 1

Durability

In Use Compliance

Homologation class / weight

Control Measurements

OBD Stage 1

Euro 4

System Failure

2006 – 2007

3,53,5

0,020,02

Emission Limits

Euro 3

NOx

PM

Till 2006

5,05,0

0,100,10


Euro 4 Registration step 2Euro 4 Registration step 2Euro 4 Registration step 2

Durability

In Use Compliance



OBD Stage 1

Euro 4

System Failure

2006 – 2007

3,53,5

0,020,02

Emission Limits

Euro 3

NOx

PM

Till 2006

5,05,0

0,100,10

NOx Control Torque reduction

+

2007 – 2009


Euro 5 RegistrationEuro 5 RegistrationEuro 5 Registration

Euro 5

OBD Stage 2

Durability

NEW ?

2009

2,02,0

0,020,02

2007 – 2009

Emission Limits

NOx

PM

5,05,0

0,100,10

Euro 3

Till 2006

3,53,5

0,020,02

Euro 4

2006 – 2007

Durability

In Use Compliance



OBD Stage 1 System Failure +NOx Control

Torque reduction


EC 88/77 Comp. Euro 3 Comp. Euro 5

Emissions E4 Emissions E4

OBD Stage 1 OBD Stage 2

Durability

Emissions E5Emissions E5

In use compliance

Compulsory Euro 4

Durability

New in use compliance

2005 2006 2007 20092008 2010

Emissions E4

OBD Stage 1 + NOx control

Durability

In use compliance

• Today it’s possible to register vehicles according to Euro 4/5 emission values

• Euro 4 Step 1 (ODB stage 1) is compulsory from Oct 2006

Emissions E3

Emissions E5 Emissions E5

• Euro 4 Step 2 (OBD stage 1 + NOx control) is compulsory from Oct 2007

• Euro 5 (emission values + OBD stage 2) is compulsory from Oct 2009

Step 1 Step 2


0,0

4,0

8,0

12,0

16,0

[g/kWh]

88/77 EC 1989

Euro 11994

Euro 21997

Euro 32001

Euro 42006

Euro 52009

PMHC

CONOx

Legislation overviewLegislation overviewLegislation overview


HCCO

NOx PM

Main emission agentsMain emission agentsMain emission agents


% CO

lean lean mixture mixture richrich

Carbon monoxide – COCarbon monoxide Carbon monoxide –– COCO

• Gas that spreads itself very quickly in the environment

• CO quantity increases in function of reducing oxygen during the combustion process


Hydrocarbons – HC Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons –– HC HC

• Consists of organic elements (coming from fuel and engine oil) not completely burnt

• HC quantity increases in function of raising fuel inside the combustion chamber

% HC

lean lean mixture mixture richrich


Advanced injectionAdvanced injection

2.000 °C

1.500 °C

NONOxx

• Are formed during combustion at a high temperature level

Nitrogen Oxides – NOx Nitrogen Oxides Nitrogen Oxides –– NOx NOx


Particulate Matter – PM Particulate Matter Particulate Matter –– PM PM

• Is mainly composed of fine carbon particles resulting from incomplete combustion


Dramatic reduction of NOX and PMDramatic reduction of NODramatic reduction of NOXX and PMand PM

0,000,02

0,06

0,09

0,12

0,15

0,0 1,0 2,0 3,5 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0

NOx (g/kWh)

PM (

g/kW

h)

EURO 2

EURO 5 EURO 4

EURO 3

EURO 1

9,0

0,40

EURO 0

15,0

1989

1994

1997

2001

What have been the single steps of engine development?


…. from “Euro 0” to “Euro 1”……. from “Euro 0” to “Euro 1”. from “Euro 0” to “Euro 1”

• Engine is reengineered in its structure:- cylinders/pistons shape and dimensions- combustion chambers, etc.

• Over boost improvement



• 1st EDC system (Electronic Diesel Control)



• EDC 2° generation with high pressure injection:- Common Rail- Pump injector

• VGT (Variable Geometry Turbine)


…. from “Euro 3” to the future …..……. from “Euro 3” to the future …... from “Euro 3” to the future …..

NOx (g/kWh)

PM (g

/kW

h) Starting Starting Point Point Euro 3Euro 3

55

0.100.10

EURO 43,53,5

0.020.02

The future challenge Euro 4….


Engine developmentEngine developmentEngine development

NOXPM

Fuel consumption

Engine adjustments

NOx reduction increase PM and fuel consumptionPM reduction reduce fuel consumption but NOx increase


The technology choiceThe technology choiceThe technology choice

Two possible solutions:

EGREGR SCRSCR

Exhaust Gas Recirculation Selective Catalytic Reduction


EGR: to match Euro 4EGR: to match Euro 4EGR: to match Euro 4

EGREGR

NOx (g/kWh)

PM (g

/kW

h) Starting Starting Point Euro 3Point Euro 3

55

EURO 4

3,53,5

0.100.10

0.020.02


EGR: to match Euro 4EGR: to match Euro 4EGR: to match Euro 4

NOx (g/kWh)

PM (g

/kW


55

EURO 4

3,53,5

PM FilterPM Filter

0.100.10

0.020.02

EGREGR


EGR valve

EGR technologyEGR technologyEGR technology

PM Filter

• EGR system effects emissions at source, in the combustion chamber


Exhaust gas is forced through porous ceramic cellwalls

• Closed filter structure• Efficiency up to 80%• Combination with Oxi – cat

PM Filter = PM Trap = DPFPM Filter = PM Trap = DPFPM Filter = PM Trap = DPF


PM Trap: two possible offersPM Trap: two possible offersPM Trap: two possible offers

Standard Version

• Filter unit to be replaced

• Maintenance intervals required

CRTContinuously Regenerating Trap

• Permanent PM combustion

• No maintenance required

Car application Truck application


A part of the exhaust gas is led through the metalfleece, the rest is bypassing the fleece

• Open cell structure• No maintenance• Efficiency up to 50%• Combination with Oxi – cat

PM CatPM CatPM Cat


Comparison: PM Trap vs. PM CatComparison: PM Trap vs. PM CatComparison: PM Trap vs. PM Cat

Disadvantage• Backpressure increase• Ash accumulation• Packaging• Filter clogging

Disadvantage• Low efficiency• Smoke puff during up-transients• Low soot load capacity• Low passive regeneration potential

PM Trap PM Cat

Plug Porous filter wallCorrugated metal foil Porous layer

(sinter metal fleece)


SCR: to match Euro 4SCR: to match Euro 4SCR: to match Euro 4

NOx (g/kWh)

PM (g

/kW


55

EURO 4

3,53,5

0.020.02

0.100.10

SCRSCR



NOx (g/kWh)

PM (g

/kW


553,53,5

EURO 40.020.02 SCRSCR

0.100.10

SCRSCR



0.100.10

NOx (g/kWh)

PM (g

/kW


553,53,5

EURO 4EURO 5

22

SCRSCR0.020.02

SCRSCR


SCR technologySCR technologySCR technology

• No PM Filter is necessary

• SCR is an after treatment system that requires Urea as additive to create a chemical reaction to reduce NOx


SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction)

Air Pressure

Cooling circuit


characteristicscharacteristicscharacteristics

• Mix: 32,5% urea + 67,5% water• Availability• Used in other industry sectors• Economic price• Easy handling, no danger-good• Freezing point: - 11° C• Strong volume extension


distributiondistributiondistribution

• Distribution in western Europe has already started by petrol station chains


AvailabilityAvailabilityAvailability



• Active role of Iveco Network within the AdBlue distribution in order to guarantee an overall presence

• AdBlue cost approx. 0,55 – 0,60 €



• 10 l can: light and easy to use.

Highly practical to be taken as emergency supply on long haul journeys.

• IBC (Intermediate Bulk Container). Capacity: 1000 l

Suitable for dealers and big fleet customers.

• Small Bulk. Capacity: 4000 l Suitable for big size dealers.Possibility of rental.


SCR vs. EGRSCR vs. EGRSCR vs. EGR

Feature SCR EGR

• Fuel consumption Lower Higher• Engine durability as Euro 3 Reduced• Oil change intervals as Euro 3 Reduced• Euro 5 compatibility YES Difficult• Cooling requirements up to – 6 % up to + 15%• AdBlue infrastructure Yes No• Diesel fuel requirement Standard (EN590) Low sulphured • Additional weight Yes Yes

SCR technology offers a lot of strong points !

• Pro and cons starting from Euro 3


Iveco technology strategyIveco technology strategyIveco technology strategy

According to Iveco testing results there is obviously only one decision for the Heavy range:

SCR technology


New features: engineNew features: engineNew features: engine

• New injectors

• New EDC system

• New piston rings

• Higher injection pressure (up to 1800 bar)

Less fuel consumption


New features: AdBlue systemNew features: AdBlue systemNew features: AdBlue system

• AdBlue dosing system + Catalyst

• AdBlue tanks: 60 & 120 l

• AdBlue consumption: 4 – 5% of diesel (Euro 4)6 – 8% of diesel (Euro 5)

• On Board Diagnosis


AdBlue circuitCooling systemAir pressure systemAdBlue tank

Dosing Module

SCR Catalyst

AdBlue system application AdBlue system application AdBlue system application


What are the competitors doing?

What are the competitors doing?


EGR (D20)

EGR (DT 12 11)

SCR

SCR

SCR

SCR

SCR

Euro 4 (2006)

SCR / EGRSCANIASCRRENAULTSCRVOLVOSCRDAFSCRMBSCRIVECO

SCR / EGRMAN

Euro 5 (2009)

Technology choice: > 16 t GVWTechnology choice: > 16 t GVWTechnology choice: > 16 t GVW

All competitors have taken the SCR strategy

Only MAN and Scania are following EGR for one single engine


Why is the SCR a better solution?

Why is the SCR a better solution?


Iveco SCR solution offers vs. EGR: Iveco SCR solution offers vs. EGR: Iveco SCR solution offers vs. EGR:

• Less operating costs:

• Less fuel consumption

• Longer maintenance intervals (= Euro 3)(oil change intervals, engine durability)

• Euro 5 available NOW!


Who is offering Euro 5 vehicles today?

Who is offering Euro 5 vehicles today?


20062004MAN20062004SCANIA20062006RENAULT20062006VOLVO20062006DAF2005200520052005IVECOIVECO20052005MB

EURO 5EURO 4

Time scheduleTime scheduleTime schedule

Iveco and MB are the only manufacturers able to deliver Euro 5 in 2005


TractorsAS440S43T/PAS440S48T/P

(Wheelbases: 3650 mm - 3800 mm)

RigidsAS260S43Y/PSAS260S48Y/PS

(Wheelbases: 4500 mm - 4800 mm)

Iveco commercial offerIveco commercial offerIveco commercial offer


Commercial policyCommercial policyCommercial policy

Price positioning (net price):• Euro 4 vs. Euro 3 equivalent model: + xxxx €• Euro 5 vs. Euro 3 equivalent model: + xxxx €

PMC:

• Same price as Euro 3


Why Euro 5 now? Why Euro 5 now?


Customer advantages:Customer advantages:Customer advantages:

• To get incentives in some countries• To profit from higher vehicle residual value• To respect the environment


IncentivesIncentivesIncentives

• Germany: reduced motorway toll (Maut)• Austria: motorway use denied from 22:00 – 5:00 for vehicles not

corresponding Euro 4/5 (Alps transit:Inn Valley Motorway)• Switzerland: particulate filter or Euro 4 compliance for municipal vehicles;

reduction in toll charge (LSVA) on all roads from 2008• Benelux: financial incentives + reduction in Eurovignette• Sweden: reduction in Eurovignette under discussion• UK: reduction in road tax (VED) for low emission trucks

• East Europe:number of transit licences limitation for haulage operation with WE countries

• … to be continued ….


Incentives example: German MautIncentives example: German MautIncentives example: German Maut

• Motorway toll:

Euro 3 0,12 €/km till Oct. 20090,14 €/km afterwards




Incentives example: German MautIncentives example: German MautIncentives example: German Maut

• Cost effect:• Annual mileage on motorway 100.000 km• 4 years (from Sep. 2005 to Aug. 2009)

Euro 3 48.000 €

Euro 4 46.000 €

Euro 5 40.000 €

Euro 5 vs. Euro 3 – 8.000 €


Which is the right solutionfor your customer?

Which is the right solutionfor your customer?


Investment analysis Investment analysis Investment analysis

0.02Reduction in Maut price for Euro 5 in €/km till Oct. 2009:

0.02Reduction in Maut price for Euro 4 in €/km till Oct. 2006:

0.12Maut price for Euro 3:

0.60AdBlue cost (€/l):1.10Fuel cost (€/l):

30.00Fuel consumption with Euro 3 (l/100 km):

4Duration in years:

Assumptions:

Confrontation: Euro 4 EGR, Euro 4 SCR, Euro 5 SCR

German Market: starting point Euro 3


Investment analysisInvestment analysisInvestment analysis

- 6500 - 5000 - 4000 Delta initial investment

Euro 5 SCR

Euro 4 SCR

Euro 4 EGR

km / total: 96.000 p.a.km / Maut: 80.000 p.a.

- 202 - 604 - 859 Yearly savings

- 809 - 2415 - 3434 Total savings

1500 1500 1500 Delta Residual Value

7 %4.5 %0AdBlue consumption (% of diesel)

- 2 % - 2 % + 2% Fuel consumption

1600 4800

1600 1600 Reduction in toll (Maut):01.09.2005 – 30.09.200601.10.2006 – 30.08.2009

- 4744- 30490AdBlue cost

25342534- 2534 Fuel consumption savings


Investment analysisInvestment analysisInvestment analysis

- 6500 - 5000 - 4000 Delta initial investment

Euro 5 SCR

Euro 4 SCR

Euro 4 EGR

km / total: 144.000 p.a.km / Maut: 120.000 p.a.

322 - 468 - 975 Yearly savings

1286-1872- 3902 Total savings

1500 1500 1500 Delta Residual Value

7 %4.5 %0AdBlue consumption (% of diesel)

- 2 % - 2 % + 2% Fuel consumption

2400 7200

2400 2400 Reduction in toll (Maut):01.09.2005 – 30.09.200601.10.2006 – 30.08.2009

- 7115- 45740AdBlue cost

38023802- 3802 Fuel consumption savings


-6000

-5000

-4000

-3000

-2000

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

0 40.000 80.000 120.000 160.000

C

B

A

[km/year]

[Euro]Investment analysisInvestment analysisInvestment analysis

Breakeven ~ 115.000 km

A – Euro 4 EGR

B – Euro 4 SCR

C – Euro 5 SCR


ConclusionConclusionConclusion

• For clients driving less then ~ 115.000 km/year on German motorways, the best choice till 2006, is Euro 3.

• For clients driving more then ~ 115.000 km/year on German motorways Euro 5 is the right choice.

• In any case the SCR solution is always betterthan EGR.

Training Material Euro 4/5 - IVECO - IVECO EURO 4-5/STRALIS EURO... · 2009-08-30 · oxygen during...

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