Training Manual (TM) - XS4ALLstella01.home.xs4all.nl/documents/docs/D050.pdf · Training Manual -...

Issue 1.1 - 33

(Document nr: 050)

EU Part FCL

Training Manual (TM) General

Part A – Training Plan Part B – Briefing and Air Exercises Part C – Synthetic Training session Part D – Theoretical Knowledge Instruction

COPYRIGHT Avion Training BV No part of this manual or its extracts may be reproduced in any form, by print, photo print,

microfilm or any other means, without written permission from Avion Training BV

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ISSUE RECORD

Issue Number Issue Date

01 01-10-2014

1.1 08-03-2017

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A.0 GENERAL 9

A.0.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 9

A.0.2 Copyholders ....................................................................................................................................... 9

A.0.3 System of amandment ....................................................................................................................... 9

A.0.4 Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 9

A.0.5 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................... 10

A.0.6 Defenitions ....................................................................................................................................... 13

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PART A – THE TRAINING PLAN 17

A.1 COMPLIANCE 17

A.2 TRAINING PHYLOSOPHY 17

A.3 AIM OF THE COURSE AND PRIVELEGES 17

A.4 PRE-ENTRY REQUIREMENTS 17

A.5 CREDITS FOR PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE AND CHANGE OF ATO 17

A.6 TRAINING SYLLABI 17

A.7 TIME SCALES 17

A.8 TRAINING PROGRAMME 17

A.8.1 General arrangements ..................................................................................................................... 17

A.8.2 Bad weather constraints ................................................................................................................... 17

A.8.3 Schedule limitations ......................................................................................................................... 17

A.9 TRAINING RECORDS 18

A.9.1 Content and security ........................................................................................................................ 18

A.9.2 Attendance records .......................................................................................................................... 19

A.9.3 Training record and student logbook control .................................................................................... 19

A.9.4 Standardization of training records ................................................................................................... 19

A.9.5 Standardization of logbook entries ................................................................................................... 20

A.10 SAFETY TRAINING 23

A.10.1 Individual responsibilities ................................................................................................................. 23

A.10.2 Essential exercises .......................................................................................................................... 23

A.10.3 Emergency drills ............................................................................................................................... 23

A.10.4 Dual checks...................................................................................................................................... 23

A.10.5 Special requirements ....................................................................................................................... 23

A.11 TESTS AND EXAMINATIONS 23

A.11.1 Flying part 23

A.11.1.1 Progress checks .............................................................................................................. 23

A.11.1.2 Skill tests ......................................................................................................................... 23

A.11.2 Theoretical part ................................................................................................................................ 23

A.11.2.1 Progress tests ................................................................................................................. 23

A.11.2.2 Theoretical knowledge examinations .............................................................................. 23

A.11.3 LPE renewals ................................................................................................................................... 23

A.12 TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS 24


A.12.2 General assessment ........................................................................................................................ 24

A.12.3 Liaison between departments .......................................................................................................... 24

A.12.4 Unsatisfactory progress ................................................................................................................... 24

A.12.5 Maximum number of instructor changes .......................................................................................... 24

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A.12.6 Feedback system to detect training deficiencies .............................................................................. 24

A.12.7 Reporting and documentation .......................................................................................................... 25

A.12.8 Discipline and Suspension from training .......................................................................................... 25

A.13 STANDARDS AND LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS STAGES 25


A.13.2 Standardisation, standardisation requirements and remedial training procedures ........................... 25

A.13.2.1 Training sessions ............................................................................................................ 25

A.13.2.2 Progress checks .............................................................................................................. 26

A.13.2.3 Extra training sessions .................................................................................................... 27

A.13.2.4 Training and progress check criteria ............................................................................... 27

A.13.3 Failing or unable to complete the course ......................................................................................... 28

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PART B – BRIEFING AND AIREXERCISES 29

B.1 INTRODUCTION 29

B.2 AIR EXERCISES 29

B.3 AIR EXERCISE REFERENCE LIST 29

B.4 COURSE STRUCTURE: PHASE OF TRAINING 29

B.5 COURSE STRUCTURE: INTEGRATION OF SYLLABI 29

B.6 STUDENT PROGRESS 29

B.7 INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS 29

B.8 PROGRESS CHECKS 30

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PART C – SYNTHETIC TRAINING SESSION 31

C.1 INTRODUCTION 31

C.2 COURSE STRUCTURE: PHASE OF TRAINING 31

C.3 COURSE STRUCTURE: INTEGRATION OF SYLLABI 31

C.4 STUDENT PROGRESS MCC, TYPE RATING, TRI 31

C.5 INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS MCC, TYPE RATING, TRI 31

C.6 PROGRESS CHECKS 31

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PART D – THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE INSTRUCTION 32

D.1 INTRODUCTION 32

D.2 STRUCTURE OF THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE COURSE 32

D.3 LESSON PLANS 32

D.4 TEACHING MATERIALS 32

D.5 STUDENT PROGRESS 32

D.5.1 Progress testing ............................................................................................................................... 32

D.5.2 Theoretical knowledge examinations ............................................................................................... 32

D.6 REVIEW PROCEDURE 32

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A.0 GENERAL

A.0.1 INTRODUCTION

Avion Training B.V.,has developed this Training Manual(TM) containing information and in-structions to enable the staff to perform their duties and give guidance to students how to com-ply with course requirements. The course and its manuals are approved by the Dutch CAA, which means that for the issue of the pilot licence or associated ratings the student has to apply to this state. Avion Training B.V. shall make the information, contained in the TM, available to the staff and, where appropriate, to the students. The TM’s of Avion Training B.V. contains instructions and procedures needed for the safe op-eration of aeroplane. It is accessible to all operations personnel engaged in flight preparation, flight instruction and flight execution. Staff, instructors, students, other pilots and operational personnel shall comply with the provisions of this TM, consistent with good judgement. In cir-cumstances where application of a provision of this TM would result in undue hardship, the HT may authorize deviations from applicable TM provisions, provided that, in his judgement, an equivalent level of safety can be ensured and maintained and compliancy with applicable regu-lations is guaranteed.

A.0.2 COPYHOLDERS

There will be one copy available to the HT and to theDutch Civil Aviation Authority. All others can find a downloadable copy under the button “links” in ETA or on the website.

Manual Control No.

Company / Department

1 Head of Training (HT)

2 Dutch Civil Aviation Authority

A.0.3 SYSTEM OF AMANDMENT

The TM forms an integral part with the Operational Manual and will be maintained in the same way. Amendments will be issued when applicable.

A.0.4 STRUCTURE

This TM contains general items applicable to all courses of Avion Training B.V.. For course spe-cific information refer to the applicable TM of those courses. To use the Training Manual, please use the course specific TM as primary TM and keep this general TM next to it (refer to example below). In case of conflicts the course specific TM always has priority. The course specific TM’s contain elements like course entry requirements, required theoretical knowledge and aims of the courses. Pure training aspects like exercises and assessments can be found in the appendices (syllabi) of the applicable TM’s if not stated in the course specific TM.

TM B737

General TM

TM ATP TM PPL

Syllabi Syllabi Syllabi

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A.0.5 ABBREVIATIONS

A/C Aircraft

AAL Above Aerodrome Level

ADF Automatic Direction Finding

ADL Allowable Deficiency List

AGL Above Ground Level

AIP Aeronautical Information Publication

AIRPROX Aircraft Proximity

AIS Aeronautical Information Service

AMC Acceptable Means of Compliance

AMSL Above Mean Sea Level

AOC Air Operator Certificate

AOM Aircraft Operating Manual

APU Auxiliary Power Unit

ASAP As soon as possible

ASI Airspeed Indicator

ASP Airframe, Systems and Powerplants

AT Above Training

ATC Air Traffic Control

ATO Aviation Training Organization

ATP(A) Airline Transport Pilot Aeroplane

ATPL Airline Transport Pilot Licence

BOM Basic Operating Manual

CAA Civil Aviation Authorities

CBR Centraal Bureau Rijvaardigheidsbewijzen

CBT Computer Based Training

CD Compact Disc

CDL Configuration Deviation List

CFI Chief Flight Instructors

CFIT Controlled Flight Into Terrain

COM Communications VFR/IFR

CPL Commercial Pilot License

CPL(A) Commercial Pilot License Aeroplane

CSTI Chief Synthetic Training Instructor

CTKI Chief Theoretical Knowledge Instructor

DCS Decompression Sickness

DDP Dispatch Deviation Procedure

DF Direction Finding

DH Decision Height

DME Distance Measuring Equipment

DOC Document

DVD Digital Versatile Disc

e.g. Exempli gratia

EASA European Aviation Safety Agency

ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter

ENR Enroute

ETA Estimated Time of Arrival

Etc et cetera

FBS Fixed Base Simulator

FCL Flight Crew Licensing

FCM Flight Crew Member

FCOM Flight Crew Operations Manual

FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual

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FFS Full Flight Simulator

FI Flight Instructor

FIFI Flight instructor Flight instructor

FIR Flight Information Region

FNPT Flight and Navigation Procedure Trainer

FPM Flight Planning and Monitoring

FSC Flight Simulation Company

FSO Flight Safety Officer

FSTD Flight Simulator Training Device

FT Training session

Ft Feet

ft/min feet per minute

FTD Training session Device

FTO Training session Organisation

GNAV General Navigation

GT Ground Training

Hg Mercury

HIL Hold item list

hPa hecto Pascal

HPL Human Performance and Limitations

HT Head of Training

HVC High Visibility Clothing

i.e. Id est (that means)

ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation

IEM Interpretative and Explanatory Material

IFR Instrument Flight Rules

IFTC International Training session Center

ILS Instrument Landing System

IMC Instrument Metrological Conditions

INS Instruments and Electronics

IR Instrument Rating

IR(A) Instrument Rating Aeroplanes

IT Information Technology

ILT Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport

Kg Kilogram

KIAS Knots Indicated Air Speed

Kts Knots

LAW Air Law

LDW Landing Weight

LMT Local Mean Time

LOFT Line Oriented Training session

LPE Language Proficiency Endorsement

M&B Mass & Balance

MCC Multi-Crew Co-operation Course

ME Multi Engine

MEL Minimum Equipment List

MEP Multi Engine Piston

MET Meteorology

Mhz Mega Hertz

MLS Microwave Landing System

Mm Millimetres

mm/hr millimetres per hour

MMEL Master Minimum Equipment List

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MOCA Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude

MPL Multi Pilot Licence

MU Mock-up

MUT Mutual Training

NDB Non directional Beacon

NG Next Generation

NM Nautical Mile

NP Nominated Post holder

NP's Normal Procedures

ºC Degrees Celsius

OEB Operational Evaluation Board

OM Operations Manual

OPS Operational Procedures

OPS Operations

PF Pilot Flying

PIC Pilot in Command

PM Pilot Monitoring

POF Principles of Flight

POH Pilot Operating Handbook

POS Position

PPL Private Pilot License

PPL(A) Private Pilot License Aeroplane

PPL(H) Private Pilot Licence Helicopter

PRF Performance

QM Quality Manual

QRH Quick Reference Handbook

R/T Radiotelephony

RNAV Radio Navigation

ROM Route Operation Manual

S Standard

SCUBA Self Contained Underwater Breathing

SE Single Engine

SEP Single Engine Piston

SFE Synthetic Flight Examiner

SFI Synthetic Flight Instructor

SG Specific Gravity

SOP Standard Operating Procedures

APC Avion Training Proficiency Check

SSR Secondary Surveillance radar

STI Simulator Training Instructor

T Training Standard

TFBS Theory Fixed Base Simulator

TM Training Manual

TMU Theory Mock-up

TOW Take-off Weight

TR Training Required

TRE Type Rating Examiner

ZFTT Zero Flight Time Training

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A.0.6 DEFENITIONS

Aeroplane An engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air which is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. Airmanship The consistent use of good judgement and well-developed knowledge, skills and attitudes to accomplish flight objectives. Attempt A try to pass a specific examination paper. Authority The Civil Aviation Authority, CAA-NL the approval authority. Category (of aircraft) Categorisation of aircraft according to specified basic characteristics, for example aeroplane, powered-lift, helicopter, airship, sailplane, free balloon. Commercial air transport The transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire. Competency A combination of skills, knowledge and attitude required to perform a task to the prescribed standard. Co-Pilot A pilot operating other than as pilot-in-command, on an aircraft for which more than one pilot is required, but excluding a pilot who is on board the aircraft for the sole purpose of receiving flight instruction for a license or rating. Credit The acceptance of training, checking or recent experience on one type or variant as being valid foranother type or variant because of sufficient similarities between the two types or variants. Cross-country A flight between a point of departure and a point of arrival following a pre-planned route, using standard navigation procedures. Cruise relief co-pilot A pilot who relieves the co-pilot of his/her duties at the controls during the cruise phase of a flight in multi-pilot operations above FL 200. Dual Instruction Time Flight time or instrument ground time during which a person is receiving flight instruction from a properly authorised instructor. Duty period A duty period is a period which commences when a crew member reports-on to carry out his duty, and finishes when he has concluded his duty. Entire set of examinations An examination in all subjects required by the licence level. Error An action or inaction taken by the flight crew which leads to deviations from organisational or flight inten-tions or expectations.

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Error management The process of detecting and responding to errors with countermeasures which reduce or eliminate the consequences of errors, and mitigate the probability of errors or undesired aircraft states. Examination The demonstration of knowledge in one or more examination papers. Examination paper A set of questions to be answered by a candidate for examination. Flight time The total time from the moment that an aeroplane first moves under its own or external power for the pur-pose of taking off until the moment it comes to rest at the end of the flight. Full Flight Simulator (FFS) A full size replica of a specific type or make, model and series aircraft flight deck, including the assemblage of all equipment and computer programmes necessary to represent the aircraft in ground and flight opera-tions, a visual system providing an out-of-the-flight deck view, and a force cueing motion system. Flight time under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) All flight time during which the aircraft is being operated under the Instrument Flight Rules. Training session Device (FTD) A full size replica of a specific aircraft, type’s instruments, equipment, panels and controls in an open flight deck area or an enclosed aircraft flight deck, including the assemblage of equipment and computer soft-ware programmes necessary to represent the aircraft in ground and flight conditions to the extent of the systems installed in the device. It does not require a force cueing motion or visual system, except in the case of helicopter FTD levels 2 and 3, where visual systems are required. Flight and Navigation Procedures Trainer (FNPT) A training device which represents the flight deck or cockpit environment, including the assemblage of equipment and computer programmes necessary to represent an aircraft type or class in flight operations to the extent that the systems appear to function as in an aircraft. Instrument flight time The time during which a pilot is controlling an aircraft in flight solely by reference to instruments. Instrument ground time Time during which a pilot is receiving instruction in simulated instrument flight insimulation training devices (FSTD). Instrument time Instrument flight time or instrument ground time. Multi-pilot operation An operation requiring at least 2 pilots using multi-crew cooperation in either multi-pilot or single-pilot aero-planes. Multi-Crew Co-operation The functioning of the flight crew as a team of cooperating members led by the Pilot-In-Command. Multi-Pilot Aeroplane Aeroplane certificated for operation with a minimum crew of at least two pilots.

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Night The period between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, or such other period between sunset and sunrise as may be prescribed by the Authority. Other training devices Training aids other than flight simulators, training session devices or flight and navigation procedures trainers which provide means for training where a complete flight deck environment is not necessary. Performance criteria A simple, evaluative statement on the required outcome of the competency element and a description of the criteria used to judge if the required level of performance has been achieved. Pilot-in-command (PIC) The pilot designated as being in command and charged with the safe conduct of the flight. Pilot-in-command under supervision (PICUS) A co-pilot performing, under the supervision of the pilot-in-command the duties and functions of a pilot-in-command Nominated person A person acceptable to the Authority who is responsible for a particular part of operations. Private Pilot A pilot who holds a licence, which prohibits the piloting of aircraft in operations for which remuneration is given. Proficiency Checks Demonstrations of skill to revalidate or renew ratings, and including such verbal examinations as the exam-iner may require. Rating An entry in a licence stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to that licence. Renewal (of e.g. a rating or approval) The administrative action taken after a rating or approval has lapsed that renews the privileges of the rating or approval for a further specified period consequent upon the fulfilment of specified requirements. Revalidation The administrative action taken within the period of validity of a rating or approval that allows the holder to continue to exercise the privileges of a rating or approval for a further specified period consequent upon the fulfilment of specified requirements. Route sector A route sector is defined for this purpose as a flight comprised of the following phases: take-off, departure, cruise of no less than 15 minutes, arrival, approach and landing. Senior instructor An instructor with a FI(A) valid for CPL instruction or. During training on a synthetic training device this might also be a STI. Single-pilot aircraft An aircraft certificated for operation by one pilot. Sitting A period of time established by the competent authority within which a candidate can take an examination. This period should not exceed 10 consecutive days. Only one attempt at each examination paper is allowed in one sitting.

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Skill Tests Skill tests are demonstrations of skill for licence or rating issue, including such verbal examination as the examiner may require. Solo flight time Flight time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of an aeroplane. Student pilot in command (SPIC) A student pilot acting as pilot-in-command on a flight with an instructor where the latter will only observe the student pilot and shall not influence or control the flight of the aircraft. Threat Events or errors which occur beyond the influence of the flight crew, increase operational complexity and which must be managed to maintain the margin of safety. Threat management The process of detecting and responding to the threats with countermeasures which reduce or eliminate the consequences of threats, and mitigate the probability of errors or undesired aircraft states. Training hours Whenever reference is made to a certain amount of hours of training, this means a full hour. Time not di-rectly assigned to training (such as breaks, etc.) is not to be counted towards the total amount of time that is required. Type of aircraft A categorisation of aircraft requiring a type rating as determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21, and which include all aircraft of the same basic design including all modifications thereto except those which result in a change in handling or flight characteristics. Visual approach An approach in which either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and executed with visual reference to the terrain.

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PART A – THE TRAINING PLAN

A.1 COMPLIANCE

The Avion Training B.V.trainingcourse comply with the contents and hours requirements speci-fied in Part FCL.Refer to the applicable training manuals for the correct references. The content of all training manuals comply with AMC1 ORA.ATO.230(a).

A.2 TRAINING PHYLOSOPHY

Avion Training B.V.’s philosophy is to train graduates to have sufficient practical and theoretical skills to pass all exams with good result, and so provide high quality service to the industry and the client.

A.3 AIM OF THE COURSE AND PRIVELEGES

Refer to applicable TM.

A.4 PRE-ENTRY REQUIREMENTS


A.5 CREDITS FOR PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE AND CHANGE OF ATO


A.6 TRAINING SYLLABI


A.7 TIME SCALES


A.8 TRAINING PROGRAMME

A.8.1 GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS


A.8.2 BAD WEATHER CONSTRAINTS

In case of bad weather deviation of the lesson structure is possible. ETA (if applicable) gives optionsof lessons that can be planned. The instructor determines if this deviation won’t harm the student’s performance and if the mentioned lesson(s) can be flown obeying the weather limita-tions as stated in the OM of Avion Training B.V.. In case of doubt he will discuss this with the CFI or HT. Approval is needed from the CFI or HT, if the instructor likes to fly a lesson not stated as possible optioned lesson. An approval will only be granted if the deviation won’t harm the student’s performance.

A.8.3 SCHEDULE LIMITATIONS

Students are expected to be full time available during the course. As a pilot you have to be well rested to safely perform your duties.

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This is the reason that Avion Training B.V. strictly abides to the schedule limitations below. (a) Theoretical knowledge training:

A student shall not receive more than nine hours of theoretical knowledge instruction

per day.

A student shall not receive more than 40 hours of theoretical knowledge instruction per

week.

(b) Practical training (actual and FSTD flying)

Normal training activities are scheduled from Monday to Sunday, between 06:00 and

19:00 LT (winter time) and 06:00 and 20:00 LT (summer time).In the interest of the

student and/or Avion Training B.V. training activities may also be scheduled outside

these hours (e.g. night flights).

A student may be scheduled to a maximum of two training flights per day.Landing

check-out flights of less than one hour do not count as a training flight.

A student may be scheduled to a maximum of three dual training flights per night. In

case a solo flight is included the maximum amount of training flights is two.

The maximum duty period of a student is 10 hours when flying solo. In case of dual in-

struction the maximum duty period is 13 hours;. The duty period commences when a

student reports-on to carry out a duty, and finishes when the duty is concluded. Duty

times are registered in ETA(if applicable) by an “OC” (OPS Check in) for “on duty” and

“AC” (Activity Completion) for “off duty”.

A student will not exceed 45 flying hours per month, with a maximum of 25 hours with-

in one week.

For the rest periods between duty periods refer to the OM of Avion Training B.V..

Check the applicable TM for other course related schedule limitations.

A.9 TRAINING RECORDS

A.9.1 CONTENT AND SECURITY

Records of students are divided into a personal record and a training record. The office man-ager takes care of both personal and training records of students. Student records remain prop-erty of Avion Training B.V. at all times. Information regarding the student will be given to third parties only by consent or on request of the student. Avion Training B.V. shall maintain and retain student records for a minimum period of five years. During these five years student trainingrecords are available for Dutch Civil Avia-tion Authorities, if deemed necessary. Student personal records will be kept in lockable cupboards or on a safe digital database and-contain, depending on the training course performed, the following items: (a) copy of passport or identification card. (b) pass photo. (c) training contract. (d) extract from the population register. (e) copies of relevant diploma’s. The student training records will be kept in ETA or on paper in a lockable cupboard. The re-cords are only available to staff of Avion Training B.V..ETA is stored on a central database with a backup system which performs updates every 24 hours.

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The records contain: (a) copy of medical certificate. (b) details of previous flight experience, license and ratings (if applicable). (c) Theoretical examination results. (d) radiotelephony examination results (if applicable). (e) grade sheets of practical training. (f) Language Proficiency Endorsement assessment results (if applicable). (g) copy of license. Remark: After successful completion of the training, it is the responsibility

of the student to apply for a licence at the Dutch-CAA. Avion Training B.V. shall assist the student in this process to make sure the right application forms are used and accompanied by the correct documents.

A.9.2 ATTENDANCE RECORDS

Students shall attend all training session, theoretical knowledge instruction and other related ac-tivities as scheduled by the school. Students can only be exempted from scheduled activities af-ter approval of the HT. A theoretical registration form (form 19) is used by the theoretical knowl-edge instructors to record attendance of theoretical lessons.When a student misses a theoreti-cal lesson, the TKI determines how the student will learn the learning objectives of that les-son.Attendance of flying lessons, simulator lessons or other practical related activities shall be registered in ETA or on paper by the applicable instructor or operations staff.

A.9.3 TRAINING RECORD AND STUDENT LOGBOOK CONTROL

Regarding training records the following checks take place: (a) By the CFI or HT on phase completion. A student can only proceed after approval of the

CFI or HT.

(b) By the CFI or HT before attending a skill test. A student can only attend a skill test after ap-

proval of the CFI or HT.

(c) By the office manager regarding the to be archived documents (refer to chapter A.9.1).

Regarding student logbooks the following checks take place: (a) By the applicable instructor on completion of every lesson. A signature and correspondence

number will be added in the remarks column as prove of correctness.

(b) By operations staff on completion of a phase. A stamp will be added by operations as prove

of correctness.

(c) By the HT or CFI on completion of a course. A stamp with signature of the HT or CFI will be

added as prove of correctness.

A.9.4 STANDARDIZATION OF TRAINING RECORDS

Training records are kept in ETA or on paper. The content of a training record is as described in TM chapter A.9.1.Regarding entries in grade sheets the following standardisation rules are ap-plicable:

(a) Standardization of pre-flight briefings is ensured by following the in the flight syllabus given format per lesson.

(b) All comments are written down in English.

(c) In case a training exercise is assessed below average the instructor has to add a comment

behind that exercise.

(d) General comments are written down in the “comments” column.

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A.9.5 STANDARDIZATION OF LOGBOOK ENTRIES

The student and flight instructor shall keep a reliable record of the details of all flights flown in a logbook.Entries should be made as soon as practicable after any flight undertaken. All entries in the logbook should be made in ink or indelible pencil. The format of the logbook will be such that it is compliant with the format given in AMC1 FCL.050.Logbook entries will be made ac-cording to the procedure described below. (a) The record of the flights flown should contain at least the following information:

(1) personal details: name(s) and address of the pilot

(2) for each flight:

i. name(s) of PIC

ii. date of flight (dd/mm/yy)

iii. place and time of departure and arrival either in full or the internationally

recognized three or four letter designator. All times should be in UTC.

iv. type, including make, model and variant, and registration of the aircraft

v. indication if the aircraft is SE or ME. Mind our operation is always SP.

vi. total time of flight in hours and minutes. On- and off-block time will be

rounded off to the nearest 5 minutes.

vii. Number of landings by day or night.

viii. accumulated total time of flight after page completion.This will be certified

by the pilot by a signature.

(3) for each FSTD session, if applicable:

i. type and qualification number of the training device.

ii. FSTD instruction.

iii. date.

iv. total time of session. For flight times in a FNPT II use the total time of the

session, including pre- and after-flight checks.

v. accumulated total time.

vi. enter the phase and lesson number performed in the REMARKS column.

(4) details on pilot function, namely PIC, including solo, SPIC, dual and FI.

(5) Operational conditions, namely if the operation takes place at night, or is conducted

under instrument flight rules.

(b) Logging of time

(1) PIC flight time

i. the holder of a licence may log as PIC time all of the flight time during which

he or she is the PIC

ii. the applicant for or the holder of a pilot licence may log as PIC time all solo

flight time, flight time as SPIC and flight time under supervision provided

that such SPIC time and flight time under supervision are countersigned by

the instructor.

In case of a soloflight the name of the PIC (student) shall be noted under

the the column “PIC NAME”. At “PILOT FUNCTION TIME” the block time

shall be noted in the column “PIC”. In the column “REMARKS” the lesson

number shall be noted and the instructor (who signed your solo authoriza-

tion) will sign of the lesson in the remarks column and write down his cor-

respondence number.

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In case of a SPICflight the flight must be signed off by the instructor. In the

column “PIC NAME” the name of the PIC (instructor) shall be noted. At

“PILOT FUNCTION TIME” the block time shall be noted in the column

“PIC”. In the column “REMARKS” (or an empty column) note SPIC, lesson

number and the instructor shall sign off the lesson and write down his cor-

respondence number. Mind also to note “XC” if the flight was a cross coun-

try flight.

In case of a skill test the student notes the flight time, if passed and

agreed by the examiner as PIC. The student notes his name in the column

“PIC NAME”. In the column “REMARKS” the lesson shall be signed off by

the examiner. If you have not passed the exam, note the time as DUAL. In

the column “PIC NAME” the examiner shall write down his name

iii. the holder of an instructor certificate may log as PIC all flight time during

which he or she acts as an instructor in an aircraft. In the column “PIC

NAME” you should note your own name or “SELF”. In the column

“REMARKS” the name of the student and the lesson is noted. At “PILOT

FUNCTION TIME” the block time shall be noted in the column

“INSTRUCTOR” as well in the column “PIC.

(2) Dual flight time

i. As a student receiving dual flight instruction at the column “PIC NAME” the

name of the PIC (instructor) shall be noted. At “PILOT FUNCTION TIME”

the block time shall be noted under “DBO” or “DUAL”. In the column

“REMARKS” the lesson number shall be noted. The instructor shall always

sign of the lesson in the remarks column and write down his correspon-

dence number

(3) FNPT II time:

i. Time in the FNPTII shall be logged in the column “SYNTHETIC TRAINING

SESSIONS”, a note shall be made if the session was as a “PF” or “PNF”

(MCC lessons only). The instructor will sign off the lesson and write down

his correspondence number.

ii. The instructor should note the simulator time preferably in a separate col-

umn. If this is not possible, the instructor should log the time in the column

“instructor” and clarify the difference in actual and simulator instruction

hours. It is not allowed to log simulator instruction time as PIC.

(4) Operational conditions: The moment of starting and ending IFR shall be noted.

Logging of IFR flight time is not depending on what has been filed on your flight

plan. IFR time may be logged from the moment the pilot/instructor controls the

aeroplane by use of instruments only.

Examples:

An IFR flight is planned from EHGG and executed by using instruments only. The

weather is VMC. The full block time shall be logged as IFR by both student and

instructor.

An IFR flight is planned from EHTE and executed by the student using instru-

ments only. The student is allowed to log the full block time as IFR. The instructor

is allowed to log the time that he controls the aeroplane by reference of instru-

ments only. Mind in case of flying uncontrolled, the instructor is not allowed to log

any IFR time.

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A flight is planned for a part under IFR and a part under VFR. The weather is

VMC. From the moment the aeroplane is controlled by use of instruments only

IFR time may be logged. If starting IFR ATC will always give you a time when

IFR starts (or ends).

(c) Other issues

(1) A go-around means that the landing will not be made/finished. Therefore a go-

around may not be logged as a landing in your logbook

(2) During a flight from A to C via B (touch and go) the flight shall be noted on one rule

in your logbook. In the column “remarks” a note shall be made that a touch and go

is made on airfield B.

(3) After finishing a phase, the page shall be closed and totalized after the last lesson.

After finishing the IFR part in phase 4B and the ME-IR exam in phase 4D, the page

shall also be closed and totalized. Closing of the page shall be done by drawing a

straight line over the lines that are not used. Start from top left to bottom right on the

left page. Start from top right to bottom left on the right page

(4) A “correction” may be made if this is done in a clear manner. No means shall be

used that fully covers the old text. Corrections are only allowed after permission of

the PIC (instructor) and shall be signed by the instructor.

Examples:

Page has not yet been closed and totalized:

When correcting a small error, the PIC is allowed to sign the correction off by

signature. If more than two blocks (columns) are incorrect the correction shall

be made as follows:

Draw a horizontal line over the wrong line and log the flight again on a new line

(PHSTZ EHBK 1000 EHBK 1130 …etc)

The page has already been closed and totalized:

When correcting a small error, the PIC is allowed to sign the correction off by

signature. If more than two blocks (columns) are incorrect the correction shall

be made as follows:

At the wrong line a note shall be made that the line will be corrected on the

(current) date. Draw a horizontal line over the wrong line. Go to the actual page

in use, log the flight as negative to substract the (incorrect) times of the total.

Place a “-“ before each time. Log the flight again on the next line correctly. A

note shall be made in the remarks column that the line is a correction on date

(…).

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A.10 SAFETY TRAINING

A.10.1 INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITIES

It is the responsibility of all students and instructors to respect and strictly adhere to the safety instructions written down in the checklists of aeroplane and standard operation procedures of Avion Training B.V..These procedures will be trained and repeated according the structure de-scribed in the applicable TM.

A.10.2 ESSENTIAL EXERCISES


A.10.3 EMERGENCY DRILLS


A.10.4 DUAL CHECKS


A.10.5 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS


A.11 TESTS AND EXAMINATIONS

A.11.1 FLYING PART

A.11.1.1 PROGRESS CHECKS


A.11.1.2 SKILL TESTS


A.11.2 THEORETICAL PART

A.11.2.1 PROGRESS TESTS

Refer to part D of applicable TM.

A.11.2.2 THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE EXAMINATIONS

Refer to part D of applicable TM.

A.11.3 LPE RENEWALS

Avion Training B.V. is able to renew a LPE endorsement to license holders under the conditions mentioned in the LAB documentation.

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A.12 TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS


A student’s performance must be monitored by the instructor. It is the responsibility of the in-structor to debrief and fill in the syllabus of the student in a manner that both the next instructor as the student are able to proceed in the most effective way. It is the responsibility of the student to prepare every lesson thoroughly by studying the applica-ble Avion Training B.V. documents which can be found in ETA or on the website. It is also the responsibility of the student to be ready in time for the briefing.

A.12.2 GENERAL ASSESSMENT

The management of Avion Training B.V. has determined some goals to evaluate the training ef-fectiveness of Avion Training B.V.. These goals are documented in a balance score card. Regu-lar an evaluation takes place. During the yearly management evaluation meeting an overall as-sessment takes place.

A.12.3 LIAISON BETWEEN DEPARTMENTS

Avion Training BV utilizes digital student reports. These student reports are accessible to all in-structors. A student report can be filed at all times for any reason which needs direct attention of the HT or CFI. These student reports, together with the comments stated in training syllabi are used to feed other departments with information, which might have a positive effect on the training effectiveness. Beside this there is a training management meeting in which both the theoretical and practical department are discussing training issues.

A.12.4 UNSATISFACTORY PROGRESS

Procedures regarding unsatisfactory progress of students in the theory phase are stated in part D of the applicable TM. Regarding the practical phase the instructors have the responsibility to inform the CFI in case a student shows unsatisfactory progress. This can be done by a conversation or by the student report mentioned in the previous paragraph. If in the interest of the student’s training the CFI may decide to change the instructor of the stu-dent. This can only be done after a conversation with the current instructor. The CFI can also determine a student receives extra attention. In that case the student gets more attention than during regular training. A student receives training focussed on the individ-ual problems that were mentioned.

A.12.5 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INSTRUCTOR CHANGES


A.12.6 FEEDBACK SYSTEM TO DETECT TRAINING DEFICIENCIES

Avion Training B.V. uses deviation reports to detect training deficiencies. These deviation re-ports are published digitally in ETA or website and can be used by all persons involved in train-ing (instructors, students etc.). They have to be sent to the Safety manager of Avion Training B.V.. He will contact the HT in case deviation reports arise with respect to training deficiencies. The HT will discuss these deviation reports during the regular training management meetings and take necessary actions to improve the training.

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A.12.7 REPORTING AND DOCUMENTATION

The above mentioned deviation reports are used to detect training deficiencies. The reports are discussed in the training management meetings of which minutes are made. Depending on the outcome of this discussion the necessary training documents will be adapted under the respon-sibility of the HT. The persons that reported the training deficiency will be given feedback by sending him the deviation report that includes the corrective action taken (if applicable).

A.12.8 DISCIPLINE AND SUSPENSION FROM TRAINING

The HT may decide to suspendor even terminate the training of a student, after consulting the training management team. This can be decided in case of continued unsatisfactory progress, misbehavior, violation of the rules written down in the Avion Training B.V. documents, or any other intentional behavior or issue that has a negative effect on the effectiveness of training. Instructors and operations personnel record any breach of discipline in a student report. Infor-mation about discipline and disciplinary actions can be found in the OM of Avion Training B.V..

A.13 STANDARDS AND LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE AT VARIOUS STAGES

This chapter contains standards and level of performance at various stages during the flying part of the course. The standards and level of performance during the theoretical part of the course is stated in part D of every TM.


The HT is responsible for the progress of students and in this case the level of performance dur-ing the course. The CFIis responsible for making sure that standards are applied and complied with during the flying part of the course. The student is responsible for showing commitment to his training by an enthusiastic and driven work attitude to meet the standards and level of per-formance set by Avion Training B.V..

A.13.2 STANDARDISATION, STANDARDISATION REQUIREMENTS AND REMEDIAL TRAINING PROCEDURES

During training sessions and progress checks the performance of exercises and the overall per-formance is defined by comparing results with the result of an average student in that stage. An allowance for adverse conditions (f.e. turbulence) will be made.

A.13.2.1 TRAINING SESSIONS

Training exercises: For training exercises the following performance levels are applicable: (a) Training Required (TR). This is the standard to indicate a student is below the average level

during that part of training for that specific exercise. Extra training is necessary on this exer-

cise. ETA or the instructor will schedule this exercise in the next training session.

(b) Training (T). This is the standard to indicate a student is on standard during that part of

training for that specific exercise.Extra training is not needed.

(c) Above Training (AT). This is the standard to indicate a student is above the required level

during that part of training for that specific exercise.After consultation of the HT it may be

decided that the student skips this exercise when mentioned in the syllabus as long as min-

imum requirements according the law are covered.

Overall performance: In determining the overall performance level of a candidate the flight instructor must keep in mind the required level for the fist next progress check. The student must be able to reach the required progress check level during the remaining training sessions. For a training session the following overall performance levels are applicable:

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(a) Training Required (TR). The amount of exercise TR’s is such that it cannot be corrected

during the remaining training sessions. The CFI will be informed by ETA or by the instructor.

After a second overall “TR” in a row the instructor has to discuss a remedial training plan

with the CFI in which there are the following options

Further briefing and study followed by a repeat of the training session with the same in-

structor.

Appointment of another flight instructor and repeat of the training session after further

briefing and study.

Joining the already mentioned “extra attention” group with one or two dedicated instruc-

tors.

Consultation of the HT to determine further actions needed which, in case of a recurring

character, might lead to suspension or even termination of the training.

(b) Training (T). This is the standard required to satisfactorily complete the training session.

The student may proceed to the next training session.

(c) Above Training (AT) This is the standard used to identify exceptional performance. The in-

structor may decide, after consultation of the HT to skip a training session. The HT will de-

termine in this case if all minimum requirements (exercises and hours) are met.

Incomplete Beside the above mentioned performance levels a training session or training exercise can be regarded as incomplete (I). In case of an incomplete mark on a training session, this is an indi-cation that the amount of incomplete training exercises is such that they cannot be corrected in a subsequent lesson.

Optional exercises Many training sessions contain optional training exercises. These exercises can be trained in case the mandatory items are performed on the required level and there is time left in the ses-sion. In case no use is made of those optional exercises the instructor will add a NA to indicate this exercise was “Not Applicable”.

A.13.2.2 PROGRESS CHECKS

Exercises: The following performance levels are applicable to progress check exercises: (a) Below Standard (BS). This is the standard to indicate a student is below the average level

during that part of training for that specific exercise.

(b) Standard (S). This is the standard to indicate a student is on standard during that part of

training for that specific exercise.

(c) Above Standard (AS). This is the standard to indicate a student is above the required level

during that part of training for that specific exercise.

Overall performance: The following overall performance levels are applicable to progress checks: (a) Below Standard (BS). This is the standard that would compromise the effectiveness of the

next training session. In case of a “BS” the CFI is informed by ETA or the instructor. Extra

training is needed in this case before performing a retake. In case of a second failure the in-

structor has to discuss a remedial training plan with the CFI. In case of a third failure the HT

will be informed to determine further actions needed..

(b) Standard (S). This is the standard required to satisfactorily complete the progress check.

Except for the progress checks that proceed a skill test, the overall performance of a

progress check is assessed as “S” if the student performed not more than 3 progress check

exercises on “BS”. The progress check exercises that are assessed on “BS“ will be moved

forward by ETA or the instructor to the next training session. The last progress check of

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every phase is only passed when all progress check exercises are on “S” level. This auto-

matically means that in the end all training exercises are trained or checked on standard be-

fore attending a skill test. The system ETA takes care for this automatically.

(c) Above Standard (AS). This is the standard used to identify exceptional performance.

Incomplete Beside the above mentioned performance levels a progress check or training exercise can be regarded as incomplete (I). In case of an incomplete mark on a progress check, this is an indi-cation that not all exercises are checked. The progress check has to be re-scheduled to finish the incomplete exercises.

A.13.2.3 EXTRA TRAINING SESSIONS

Every phase contains an extra training sessions which contain all main exercises. This session can be performed in case the student needs extra training in exercises not mentioned in the cur-rent or next syllabus lesson. This might happen due to a “fall back” in exercises previously trained on standard. The performance levels are as described for a normal training session.

A.13.2.4 TRAINING AND PROGRESS CHECK CRITERIA

As a guideline the instructor must keep in mind the training and progress check criteria as spe-cified below in determining the correct performance level. These targets must be compared to the average required level of students during that specific part of the training. On top of this every progress check will have some additional specific criteria which can be found in the train-ing syllabi of the course (appendix A till I). Above Training (AT) or Above Standard (AS):

Handling Technique correct, well coordinated and polished consis-tent.

Procedures Thorough and polished. Can apply effectively and adapt to achieve the objectives of the procedure in various situa-tions.

Applied operational knowledge

A very good knowledge and understanding, also of rele-vance. Applies effectively. Academic performance 80% and higher.

Flight Management & Command

Very good situational awareness. Evaluates the situation, prioritizes, exercises good judgement and makes and im-plements good decisions promptly. Outcome never in doubt.

Personal attributes Very professional approach. Disciplined and always safety conscious.

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Training (T) or Standard (S):

Handling Technique correct, coordinated and smooth

Procedures Correct and thorough. Can apply effectively to situation as taught.


A good knowledge and understanding. Can apply effec-tively to situation as taught. Academic performance 75 to 80%


Good situational awareness. Evaluates situation, prioritizes, exercises good judgment and makes and implements deci-sions within the familiar environment.

Personal attributes Disciplined and safety conscious. Good attitude.

Training Required (TR) or Below Standard (BS):

Handling Technique incorrect, not coordinated and smooth. Requires further training.

Procedures Knowledge of and execution not adequate to always en-suresatisfactory flight operations. Requires further training.


Knowledge and understanding not good. Academic per-formance<75%. Requires further briefing and study.


Awareness generally not good, and if adequate, reluctantto take decision. Outcome not always assured. Requiresfur-ther training.

Personal Attributes Not aware of importance. Lapses. Not always safetycon-scious. Needs emphasis.

A.13.3 FAILING OR UNABLE TO COMPLETE THE COURSE


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PART B – BRIEFING AND AIREXERCISES

B.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes overall objectives applicable to the actual training session in an aero-plane. The overall objectives of primary synthetic training session are written down in chapter C of this TM. Part B of the TM therefore focuses specifically on the aspects that are relevant to ac-tual training session, in order to highlight the importance of conducting this training in the correct manner.

B.2 AIR EXERCISES

The air exercises to be trained during the course are divided into main and subtitles. The main titles refer to a group of exercises which are related to each other, the so called subtitles. As an example: the main title “take-off” contains the subtitles “normal take-off, obstacle take-off, short field take-off etc.”. The content of these exercises are explained in the sequence to be flown in the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in use at Avion Training B.V.. All persons involved in training at Avion Training B.V. shall be familiar with these SOP’s and apply them during training.

B.3 AIR EXERCISE REFERENCE LIST


B.4 COURSE STRUCTURE: PHASE OF TRAINING


B.5 COURSE STRUCTURE: INTEGRATION OF SYLLABI


B.6 STUDENT PROGRESS

The following guidelines shall apply to the management of student progress during the flying phase: (a) Training exercises should be completed in the sequence as detailed by the student’s sylla-

bus as much as possible. Skipping (part of) a lesson or lessons is only possible if the learn-ing process is not adversely effected and after approval of the HT or CFI. Exercises which have not been completed should be flown as soon as possible unless the expected level of performance have been reached during later lessons.

(b) Every progress check states the level of performance a student is expected to achieve. These requirements can be found in the applicable syllabi (appendix B till I).

(c) A student is allowed to fly SOLO exercises that were assessed as TR or BS during DUAL flights as long as safety is not involved.

(d) Satisfactorily completion of each phase of training must be achieved before the next phase of training commences. These requirements are integrated in ETA. The HT may authorize continuation of the next phase of training where the previous phase of training has not been completed provided: The objectives of the previous phase of training have been achieved The learning process in the next phase of training will not be adversely affected

B.7 INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS

(a) The theoretical training is conducted by an instructor authorized by SAA to conduct the specified training.

(b) The flying training is conducted by an instructor authorized by SAA to conduct the specified flying training.

(c) The flight instructor shall brief the student under his temporary supervision for around 30

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minutes before every dual and solo training flight, to ensure that the student understands fully all aspects of the flight.

(d) The flight instructor shall ensure that his student is authorized for flight before every dual and solo flight. This means the student must be in the possession of a proper flight prepa-ration, medical class 1 and logbook during flight. In case of solo the student shall be at least 16 years of age.

(e) The student pilot shall not fly solo unless authorised to do so and supervised by a flight in-structor. In addition to the items mentioned under the preceding bullet he must carry a solo authorization form (form 17) during flight.

(f) The flightinstructor shall conduct training session in accordance with all SAA documents. (g) The flightinstructor shall conduct a thorough post-flight briefing of around 30 minutes after

every flight in accordance with the student’s syllabus and ensure that the student under-stands fully what progress was achieved during the flight, and what to prepare for the next flight.

(h) The flight instructor shall check the correctness of applicable items filled in the aeroplane journal and student logbook after every flight.

(i) The flightinstructor shall complete the student’s syllabus in ETA or on paper after every training session.

B.8 PROGRESS CHECKS

The following guidelines shall apply to the conducting and recording of routine progress moni-toring and specified performance progress checks: (a) Progress checks must be conducted by a senior instructor as scheduled in the student’s

syllabus, and in accordance with the conditions specified in Part A of this TM. (b) A restricted instructor shall give the supervising instructor prior notice that a student is due

to undergo a progress check. (c) On completion of the progress check the senior instructor conducting the checkwill com-

plete the student’s syllabus in ETA or on paper. (d) In case of failure of the progress check the senior instructor will take action as described in

part A of this TM.

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PART C – SYNTHETIC TRAINING SESSION

C.1 INTRODUCTION

The overall objectives of primary synthetic training session are identical to those of the training session conducted in aeroplane. The value of Synthetic Training is that it enables more efficient and cost effective training to be conducted in certain stages of the course. The related general instructional procedures, performance assessments and administrative requirements applicable to Synthetic Training session are the same as for all training, as detailed in Part A and B of this TM. Part C of the TM therefore focuses specifically on the aspects that are relevant to Synthetic Training session, in order to highlight the importance of conducting this training in the correct manner.

C.2 COURSE STRUCTURE: PHASE OF TRAINING


C.3 COURSE STRUCTURE: INTEGRATION OF SYLLABI


C.4 STUDENT PROGRESS MCC, TYPE RATING, TRI

During the course the instructor will complete the assessments sheet of the lesson involved. At last at the end of the course Avion Training B.V. receives all assessment sheets which will be added to the training file of the student. These assessment sheets are documented by the in-structor. If irregularities occur throughout the course Avion TrainingB.V.will be informed by the instructor.

C.5 INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS MCC, TYPE RATING, TRI

(a) The theoretical training is conducted by an instructor authorized by Avion Training B.V. to conduct the specified training.

(b) The practical training is conducted by an instructor authorized by Avion Training B.V. to conduct the specifiedpractical training.

(c) The instructor shall brief the student under his temporary supervision for around 120 min-utes before every training session, to ensure that the student understands fully all aspects of the training.

(d) The instructor shall conduct the training in accordance with all Avion Training B.V. docu-ments.

(e) The instructor shall conduct a thorough post-flight briefing of at least60 minutes after every training session in accordance with the student’s syllabus and ensure that the student un-derstands fully what progress was achieved during the flight, and what to prepare for the next flight.

(f) The instructor shall check the correctness of applicable items filled in the journal and stu-dent logbook after every training session.

(g) The instructor shall complete the student’s syllabus in ETA or on paper after every training session.

C.6 PROGRESS CHECKS


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PART D – THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE INSTRUCTION

D.1 INTRODUCTION


D.2 STRUCTURE OF THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE COURSE


D.3 LESSON PLANS


D.4 TEACHING MATERIALS


D.5 STUDENT PROGRESS

Student progress is monitored formally and informally. As the TKI explains in lessons and oth-erwise interacts with students he develops insight in the students’ understanding, skills and progress. The TKI has the duration of a block to bring students to the level of knowledge, un-derstanding and skills required as assessed by the final test and confirmed by the exam. Nor-mally the TKI will help students along. Experience shows that there is a normal spread in learn-ing capacity of students and that informal extra tutoring goes far in helping relative weaker stu-dents master the learning objectives.Any problems that require action by Avion Training other than by the TKI himself as well as any problem exceeding one week in duration the TKI will bring to the attention of the CTKI. For the radiotelephony course the final progress test is a test which is combined with the lesson that precedes an exam. The course is successfully completed after passing the radiotelephony exam which is assessed by a radiotelephony examiner

D.5.1 PROGRESS TESTING

No student will do any CBR exam without first having passed a final test in that subject. The fi-nal test passmark is 75%. However, the CTKI may send a student to an exam with a lower testscore than 75% but not lower than 60% in order to not delay the student disproportionately or use exam options uneconomically. The HT may sent a student to an exam with a final test score of less than 60% when there are sound reasons to do so and the CTKI and TKI concur. A student who has passed the final test with a test score of 75% or more may make up to four ex-ams in that subject. For a student who is sent to an exam with a final test score of less than 75% and fails that exam the same rules apply as for a student never having done a final test.

D.5.2 THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE EXAMINATIONS


D.6 REVIEW PROCEDURE

The following review procedures are applicable during the theoretical knowledge instruction course: The CTKI may: (a) Let the TKI informally help the student.

(b) Informally help the student

(c) Assign extra homework

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(d) Assign extra lessons to be given

(e) Consult with the HT for any other action

The HT and/or CTKI may: (a) Reassign the student to a new class, . thereby providing a new opportunity and extra time

(b) Develop a new strategy for properly dealing with the problem at hand

(c) Seek external help

(d) Remove the student from the school

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