Training for hygiene and sanitation

activities

Hygiene and Sanitation Promotion

June , 2015

Facilitated by:

Farah . R. Mohamud

CISP – School Feeding Program & Gardens Officer

Background.Aims & Objectives.What is Hygiene?.What is Hygiene Promotion?.What is Sanitation?.Principles of Hand washing .F Diagram.Discussion about Hygiene Promotion in IDPs Camps.

Training Out Line

Aims & Objectives The aim of any WASH program is to promote

good personal and environmental hygiene in order to protect health.

An effective WASH program relies on an exchange of information between the agency and the disaster-affected population in order to identify key hygiene problems and culturally appropriate solutions.

Ensuring the optimal use of all water supply and sanitation facilities and practicing safe hygiene will result in the greatest impact on public health

What is Hygiene?

Hygiene: Hygiene is defined as the practice of desirable personal behaviors, e.g., hand washing with soap before eating and after using toilet, taking regular bath, and maintaining body cleanliness, that will promote good health and prevent sickness.

What is Hygiene Promotion?

Hygiene Promotion: Hygiene Promotion refers to planned interventions that will encourage and influence individuals to adopt and practice desirable hygiene behaviors hygiene aimed at reducing disease transmission, prevent diseases and promote good health, e.g., washing hands before eating and after using of toilet, using sanitary latrine, etc.

What is Sanitation?Sanitation: Sanitation refers to the physical means of collecting and disposing of excreta and community liquid waste in a hygienic way.

In the consultative process in Mongolia, sanitation is described simply as “the proper means of collecting and disposing of excreta and the community liquid waste in hygienic way so as not to endanger the health of individuals and the community as a whole community level.

Principles of Hand washing

1. Wet hands with water 2. Apply soap to cover all surfaces of the hands3. Rub hands palm to palm 4. Rub each palm over the back of the other hand 5. Rub palm to palm with fingers interlaced6. Rub backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked7. Rub each thumb clasped in opposing palm8. Clasp fingers and circular rub opposing palm9. Rinse well with water 10. Allow hands to dry completely before touching anything else

F-Diagram transmission of diseases

F Diagram.

Sessions of proper hygiene and sanitation practices

1 - Personal Hygiene (Hand Washing Practices):

Good personal hygiene includes­:

Personal cleanliness

Hand washing with soap

Cleaning of teeth and cutting nails

Washing one’s clothes

The critical times for hand washing with soap are

BEFORE EATING

AFTER USING LATRINE

AFTER CLEANING BABY BOTTOMS

BEFORE COOKING FOOD

BEFORE FEEDING BABIES

Hand washing before eating

SAFE DISPOSAL OF HUMAN EXCRETA AND WASHING HANDS with soap or ashes

Official rules for locating latrines in relation to houses and wells should be respected wherever possible.

Any latrine always to be sited a distance far from the water sources at least 20 m away from it

latrines should be sited on the lower side of sloped ground as groundwater usually flows away from a wel

The privacy of the entrance is especially important as many people do not like to be seen entering a latrine

Some guidelines recommend building a latrine about l0m from the house because of smell and flies

Domestic hygiene Disease organisms/bacteria are spread from

garbage to people through the environment and through flies and other vectors/insects when it is not properly disposed.

There are different types of garbage: household waste such as food waste, plastics, paper, glass, tins, dust etc, medical (some of them are hazardous) waste such as discarded medicines, used syringes, expired drugs, used cotton pads, plastics, bottles, chemicals including acids, human limbs after surgery etc, liquid waste such as sewage water, household kitchen waste water etc.

Proper collection and disposal of these wastes is necessary in order to keep our households and surrounding/environment clean.

An appropriate way to manage garbage at household level is to:

Bury or burn household refuse: Every family should have a garbage pit where household refuse is buried or burned regularly

Reduce quantity of refuse to be disposed: The amount of refuse that needs to be disposed at the household level can be reduced

Food hygiene

The food hygiene domain includes food handling, preparation, and consumption and storage practices

Food preparation areas also vary widely, especially in relation to socio-economic conditions. In one household, the kitchen will be an open space with a few pots and kitchen utensils, whereas in another we may find a fully equipped kitchen

Food hygiene also includes the use of safe water for washing of vegetables and for preparing food. Thorough re-heating of the food is required if it has been left for more than two hours.

Recommended practices for food handling in prevention of the disease entering into our body

Always eat clean food Keep food-preparing surfaces clean. Germs grow in spots

of dirt or food Keep food clean and store in covered containers away

from dirt, flies, rats, mice, dogs, cats, goats, and other animals

Thoroughly cook foods: Thorough cooking kills germs. Food should be cooked all the way through, especially meat

Eat cooked foods while it is cooked fresh Keep raw foods away from cooked foods. Raw food

usually contains germs. Cooked food can be contaminated by contact with raw food. Knives, chopping boards, and food preparing surfaces should always be cleaned after preparing raw food

Use clean cloths for cleaning/wiping dishes or pans Wash vegetables and fruits with clean water before

cooking or eating them

Safe drinking water

Water sources can be divided into the following

Underground water: natural shallow wells, bore wells

Surface water: berkeds, ponds,

Running water: streams, natural springs, rivers

Safe Water Sources for drinking, cooking and washing babies are water from hand pumps, taps and protected shallow wells. Deep bore well water is safe for drinking purposes.

Unsafe water sources include water from unprotected open wells, ponds, rivers, berkeds and dams. These sources are generally unsafe as they are prone to contamination by animals and

Water Collection, Transport and Storage

Most contamination occurs during the collection, transport and storage of water. We must therefore follow the following procedures in order to keep the water clean and safe to drink

Handle water so that it remains protected from contamination and therefore safe for you and your family to drink

Do not put hands or other objects in the water being collected (children should especially be instructed on the importance of this point)

Wash hands before collecting water Keep water collection containers. Containers used to

collect, transport and store water should be cleaned on the inside and outside every day

Store drinking water in clean containers and keep covered. Covering containers will prevent germs from getting in

Make a clean cup with a long handle (or a ladle) available for taking water out of the container

To be continued

Everyone taking water from the container should use this same cup. This is to prevent germs from spreading from people’s hands to the water and then on to other people who drink the water

Do not allow anyone to put his or her hands into the container or to drink directly from it

Keep animals out of the house and away from the water supply source

Keep faeces and wastewater (especially from latrines) away from water to be used for cooking, drinking, bathing or washing

Dispose of wastewater by guiding it to a garden or soak pit

Prepared by:

Farah .M. Mohamud