Training for Communities tourism concessions Ema Batey
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Transcript of Training for Communities tourism concessions Ema Batey
Training & Capacity Building in
Concessions
What Communities and Civil Society Need to KnowEma Batey March 2012
The PROSERV Group
The Context
OPPORTUNITIES FOR COMMUNITIES IN CONCESSION AREAS
PARTICIPATIVE
OWNERSHIP OF
TOURISM
DEVELOPMENTS
VALUE CHAIN
LINKAGES
(SERVICES, SUPPLIES
& PRODUCTS)
DIRECT EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES
(THROUGH THE
VARIOUS PHASES)
COMMON CONSTRAINTS IN REALIZING THESE OPPORTUNITIES
Limited understanding of
tourism industry,
demand & dynamics,
business & financial
management, roles &
responsibilities of
partners
Limited awareness of
tourism demand for
products & services,
business development
skills, access to inputs &
value of local offering
Limited formal
education, skills
training &
experience in formal
employment
The Context
RESPONSIBILITIES CONFERRED TO COMMUNITIES
MANAGEMENT OF
COMMUNITY INCOME
EFFECTIVE PARTNERING
IN TOURISM VENTURE
LAND & RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
EMBRACE / PERSUE
ALTERNATIVE INCOME
OPTIONS, UNDERTAKE
ENTREPENURIAL RISKS,
INVEST IN START UP
RESOURCES
EMBRACE FORMAL
WORKING CONDITIONS
& ALTERNATIVE
LIVELIHOODS,
CULTURES, SKILLS &
LANGUAGE DIFFERENCES
POTENTIAL AREAS OF CONFLICT
MANAGEMENT
CONFLICTS, ALLOCATION
/USE OF COMMUNITY
FUNDS, CULTURAL
CONFLICTS / UNMET
EXPECTATIONS
INABILITY TO PENETRATE
TOURIST MARKET, MEET
DEMAND, SUPPLY QUALITY /
CONSISTANCY / VALUE =
LIMITED INCOME TO
COMMUNITY ENTREPENURES
= NO VALORIZATION OF
TOURISM
CONTRACTING ISSUES,
LOW SALARIES, LIMITED
SCOPE FOR
ADVANCEMENT,
CONFLICT WITH OUTSIDE
EMPLOYEES
What Communities Need to Know in Advance:
Creating Real Capacity to Explore the
Opportunities of Tourism
WHAT IS
TOURISM?
•Define tourist,
tourism and
general concepts
•Sustainability
•Cultural tourism
•Eco tourism
•Nature tourism
WHO ARE
TOURISTS & WHY
WILL THEY COME?
•What experiences
tourists want /
don’t want
•Cultural
differences & value
of local culture
•Differentiation
with countries of
origin
WHAT CAN
TOURISM DO FOR
THE
COMMUNITY?
•SWOT analysis of
potential in local
•Identify
opportunities
•Assess potential
negatives &
mitigation
strategies
How the standard approach to training, in scope and timing, does not
adequately foster real stewardship by communities or provide
the necessary tools to effectively
engage in the tourism value chain.
•Understanding of the opportunities, context and potential
of tourism
•Readiness to embrace alternative livelihoods and a high
level of entrepreneurial spirit/ capacity amongst
communities
•Focuses primarily on employment readiness and places
the burden of that training primarily on the investor /
partner
•Fails to address the wider scope of opportunities for
communities along the tourism value chain
•Fails to involve & mobilize collective resources
(government, donors, funding partners and private sector)
Pre-Concession / Concession
Allocation
•limited to land title / participation
issues,
•If community ownership / partnership
= community association,
management agreements with
investors etc
Construction / Development of
tourism infrastructure
•Limited general labor on job training /
skilled labor is imported
Commercialization of Tourism
Venture
•Entry level vocational skills training
On-going
•Limited to that which the tourism
operator deems necessary and / or
donor funded linkages projects
Assumptions / ShortcomingsScope & Timing
EXPECTATIONS, UNDERSTANDING & AWARENESS
•What is tourism / What is a Concession / How does the process work / What are the
stakeholders roles & responsibilities / What are the pros and cons of a tourism based local
economy
WHAT ASSETS DO THE COMMUNITY HAVE
•Natural / Cultural / Productive / Experiential / Traditional knowledge /
•Need for studies / consultations to inform the dialogue & compare with the demands of the
envisioned tourist segment
THE ROLES & VALUE OF TOURISM STAKEHOLDERS
•What are roles, responsibilities and value of;
� Tourism investors and / or management (financial investments, marketing capacity,
operational expertise) and scope of legal and concession based requirements in terms of
community development
�Governement & Communities in managing the concession, supporting sustainable tourism,
local community development and conservation
Training & Capacitation Needs
by Segment & Phase:
PRE-CONCESSION – COMMUNITY LEVEL
•Understand the framework of the concession agreement
•Establish rights and responsibilities and roles in making a success of the project
• Form realistic expectations & communicate these to community members they represent
•Understand what the opportunities are & how to prepare to make use of these
•Engage in detail with stakeholder focus groups (employee pools, community entrepreneurs by
service / product segment & cultural groups / artisans) to identify desired roles in the tourism
value chain / identify the nature of the demand = training needs analysis to explore opportunities
•Entrepreneurial Skills Development / SMME Development & Business Management
•Community Action Plans
Training & Capacitation Needs
by Segment & Phase:
DURING THE CONCESSIONING – COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS IN
PARTNERSHIPS WITH TOURISM VENTURES
DURING THE CONCESSIONING – STAKEHOLDER GROUPS
Training Needs by Segment & Phase:
Community Associations as Partners / Owners
ROLES
• Co-Management of tourism
venture
• Monitoring performance of
tourism management
company
• Allocation & Management
of Income / Community
Development Funds
• Community / Tourism
Venture Liaison
AREAS OF CAPACITATION
i
- Basic business & management
principles and tourism sector
knowledge
- Contracting principles, KPIs,
M&E, negotiation skills &
principles
- Accounting Principles (income vs
profit, operational expenses etc)
- Development needs analysis,
reporting
- Information exchange & cultural
diversity management skills
- Association management and
good governance practices
PRE OPERATIONAL / OPERATIONAL PHASE
Training Needs by Segment & Phase:
Community Entrepreneurs
ROLES
• Supply of Products (fresh
fruit & veg, arts & crafts,
building materials, clothing,
etc)
• Supply of Services (tour
guiding, cultural groups,
transport, activities)
AREAS OF CAPACITATION
i
- Technical capacity building
specific to product / service
/ supply
- SME Development
- Access to credit, inputs,
materials
- Business Mentoring (pricing
/ costing, profit / loss)
- Product quality
management / Service
standards
- Contracting and Delivery
(obligations, rights etc)
- Basic Accounting
- Legal requirements /
obligations
PRE OPERATIONAL / OPERATIONAL PHASE
Training Needs by Segment & Phase:
Employment Pool
ROLES
• Construction Phase
(general labor/ skilled labor)
• Operational Phase
Service staff, support staff,
management positions
• On-going Training & Career
Advancement Programmes
AREAS OF CAPACITATION
i- Vocational capacity building
specific to employment area
- Legal requirements /
obligations under formal
contracts
- Tax obligations of formal
contract
- Labor rights and
responsibilities
- Health & Safety
- Cultural diversity & tourist
experience
PRE OPERATIONAL / OPERATIONAL PHASE
Examples of Innovative & Integrated Approaches
to Training, Linkages & Support
Programmes
• MDG-F Cultural Tours
Development
• TPRP Market Linkages
•Donor / Government / Professional
Training Providers / Tourism Operators /
Community Entrepreneurs / Associations
& Producers / NGOs
•Entrepreneurial Spirit cannot be learnt but it
can be fostered
•There is a role & value add for middle men
along the Value Chain
•Local Government must be capacitated to
understand & support exploration of
opportunities by community entrepreneurs
•Need to present sophisticated concepts in an
absorbable manner
Programmes / Projects Who and How
Some Lessons Learnt
Acknowledging & Integrating the Scope of Needs into the
Concessioning Process & Planning
Discussion Points
• Tourism awareness building
• Capacitation of Community Associations
• Entrepreneurial Awareness & Capacity Building
• Soft & Vocational Skills Development & Ongoing
Training Needs
• Required Studies, Assessments and Training
Needs Analysis
• Government
• Donors
• Concession based funds
• Community Development Funds
• Tourism Investors / Operators
• Reinvestments of returns by parks / investors
etc
• Scholarships / learnerships
•Government
•Donors
•NGO’s
•Community Brokers
•Tourism Investors / Operators
•Private Sector Service Providers
•Tourism awareness building
•Capacitation of Community Associations
•Entrepreneurial Awareness & Capacity Building
•Soft & Vocational Skills Development & Ongoing
Training Needs
•Required Studies, Assessments and Training Needs
Analysis
Who Should Be Responsible? Who Should Implement?
Who Should / How to Fund? Who Should / How to Monitor?
THANK YOU / OBRIGADA